Based on the household survey data concerning herdsmen's families in Xianghuang Banner, Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia, we analyze the income and consumption structure of herdsmen's families in the western r...Based on the household survey data concerning herdsmen's families in Xianghuang Banner, Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia, we analyze the income and consumption structure of herdsmen's families in the western regions during the period 2008-2009. The results show that the herdsman's source of income is single, mainly focusing on livestock sale, with poor ability to resist risks; the share of purchase expenses of forage in the consumer spending is the greatest, growing rapidly, followed by spending on food, education and health care; there are many policy subsidies for housing. The characteristics of herdsman's income and consumption are jointly determined by natural factors, market factors, policy factors and personal factors. Based on this, corresponding recommendations are put forth in order to increase herdsman's income and improve the consumption structure: the herdsman should strengthen breeding techniques to improve scientific breeding and increase income, change consumer attitudes, save moderately, and strengthen ability to resist risks; the government should increase the policy subsidies for pastoral areas, strengthen education, training, health care for herdsman, and promote herdsman's quality.展开更多
This paper introduces the status quo of herdsman's settlement in Fuhai County of Xinjiang.As to the herdsman's settlement in this county,there are 5 models:centralized settlement,sporadic settlement,settlement...This paper introduces the status quo of herdsman's settlement in Fuhai County of Xinjiang.As to the herdsman's settlement in this county,there are 5 models:centralized settlement,sporadic settlement,settlement along the river,striped settlement along hillside,flower-arrangement-style settlement.Through settlement,herdsman's production mode changes dramatically,along with concept of production and management.On the one hand,the herdsman enjoys the fruits of economic development of modern society;on the other hand,the natural grassland is protected effectively and border stability is guaranteed.The problems existing in herdsman's settlement in Fuhai County are analysed as follows:first,the funds for building herdsman's settlement are short;second,the natural grassland degrades and the existing forage land is critically insufficient;third,the holistic level of herdsman's settlement is low,and herdsman's production and living mode is backward;fourth,the former settlements lack long-term and systematic planning.By establishing the building standard and principle of site selection regarding settlement,this paper proposes optimization program for herdsman's settlement in Fuhai County,and points out the following measures for guaranteeing herdsman's settlement:increase support for herdsman's settlement,and further ease herdsman's self-fund-raising pressure;accelerate building of forage base so that the herdsman can settle;strengthen technology promotion and scientific training for grass-roots personnel in settlements;focus on solving the problem of follow-up industry concerning herdsman's settlement;combine herdsman's settlement work and pastoral area organically,and promote large-scale herdsman's settlement.展开更多
Based on the sampling data this paper analyzes income structure of farmer (herdsman) of the Tibet Autonomous Region, including source, characteristics and cash. Situation of income structures and income sources of the...Based on the sampling data this paper analyzes income structure of farmer (herdsman) of the Tibet Autonomous Region, including source, characteristics and cash. Situation of income structures and income sources of the farmers in different areas (agricultural, animal husbandry areas and half agricultural and half animal husbandry areas etc. ) was approached. The following features were found through an analysis of surveyed data: (1) In Tibetan peasant household goods and products instead of money. disposable income and cash are very little. (2) The variety index of income is higher in the out skirt than it in rural, the index has a direct bearing on net income. (3) The income ways are simplistic and out-date in the poor households, they have no ability to resist and guard a-gainst any risk, it is very difficult to increase their receipts. (4) The living standard in agricultural areas is better than in pastoral areas, it is the worst in half agriculture and half animal husbandry areas.展开更多
Taking typical western ethnic pastoral area-Evenki Autonomous Banner in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as an example,this article analyses the factors restricting income increase of herdsman penetratingly as follows...Taking typical western ethnic pastoral area-Evenki Autonomous Banner in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as an example,this article analyses the factors restricting income increase of herdsman penetratingly as follows:the growth in revenue of animal husbandry in pastoral area is limited by ecology;the infrastructure construction in pastoral area lags behind,and the development of animal husbandry is still sluggish;the overall level of industrialization operation of agriculture and animal husbandry is not high;the employment structure of herdsman is simple,and the channel of income increase is narrow;the transfer of labor forces in pastoral area shows " pumping-like transfer" ;herdsmen enjoy few national policies of supporting agriculture and benefiting farmers,and the policy support is short.On the basis of the actual situation in western ethnic minority areas,following countermeasures and proposals are put forward for increasing herdsman's income:transform the mode of production and operation,enhance the organization degree of the majority of herdsmen;improve infrastructure conditions,and promote comprehensive production capacity of agriculture and animal husbandry;quicken pace of industrialization,strengthen the construction of technology support and service system;speed up human capital accumulation rate of herdsman,improve self-development ability of herdsman;propel transformation of production pattern of animal husbandry,innovate ecological protection construction mechanism;increase subsidies for animal husbandry,pastoral area and herdsman in western ethnic minority areas,strengthen policy implementation.展开更多
In Ngari prefecture, Tibet, there is a sacred lake called Mapam Yumco that believers ofHinduism and Tibetan Buddhism worship. Set amid snow-covered mountains, the vast lake has an enchanting beauty. Colorful scripture...In Ngari prefecture, Tibet, there is a sacred lake called Mapam Yumco that believers ofHinduism and Tibetan Buddhism worship. Set amid snow-covered mountains, the vast lake has an enchanting beauty. Colorful scripture streamers flutter by the lakeside and greet one group of pilgrims after another. Several years ago, Rinbung Gyai, a Tibetan herdsman, opened a teahouse by the side of the sacred lake.展开更多
基金Supported by Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation(70933004)The Special Fund of Chinese Central Government for Basic Scientific Research Operations in Commonweal Research Institutes (2009-JL-1,1610332012015,1610332011008)
文摘Based on the household survey data concerning herdsmen's families in Xianghuang Banner, Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia, we analyze the income and consumption structure of herdsmen's families in the western regions during the period 2008-2009. The results show that the herdsman's source of income is single, mainly focusing on livestock sale, with poor ability to resist risks; the share of purchase expenses of forage in the consumer spending is the greatest, growing rapidly, followed by spending on food, education and health care; there are many policy subsidies for housing. The characteristics of herdsman's income and consumption are jointly determined by natural factors, market factors, policy factors and personal factors. Based on this, corresponding recommendations are put forth in order to increase herdsman's income and improve the consumption structure: the herdsman should strengthen breeding techniques to improve scientific breeding and increase income, change consumer attitudes, save moderately, and strengthen ability to resist risks; the government should increase the policy subsidies for pastoral areas, strengthen education, training, health care for herdsman, and promote herdsman's quality.
基金Supporte by National Social Science Foundation(07&ZD026)
文摘This paper introduces the status quo of herdsman's settlement in Fuhai County of Xinjiang.As to the herdsman's settlement in this county,there are 5 models:centralized settlement,sporadic settlement,settlement along the river,striped settlement along hillside,flower-arrangement-style settlement.Through settlement,herdsman's production mode changes dramatically,along with concept of production and management.On the one hand,the herdsman enjoys the fruits of economic development of modern society;on the other hand,the natural grassland is protected effectively and border stability is guaranteed.The problems existing in herdsman's settlement in Fuhai County are analysed as follows:first,the funds for building herdsman's settlement are short;second,the natural grassland degrades and the existing forage land is critically insufficient;third,the holistic level of herdsman's settlement is low,and herdsman's production and living mode is backward;fourth,the former settlements lack long-term and systematic planning.By establishing the building standard and principle of site selection regarding settlement,this paper proposes optimization program for herdsman's settlement in Fuhai County,and points out the following measures for guaranteeing herdsman's settlement:increase support for herdsman's settlement,and further ease herdsman's self-fund-raising pressure;accelerate building of forage base so that the herdsman can settle;strengthen technology promotion and scientific training for grass-roots personnel in settlements;focus on solving the problem of follow-up industry concerning herdsman's settlement;combine herdsman's settlement work and pastoral area organically,and promote large-scale herdsman's settlement.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50099620)
文摘Based on the sampling data this paper analyzes income structure of farmer (herdsman) of the Tibet Autonomous Region, including source, characteristics and cash. Situation of income structures and income sources of the farmers in different areas (agricultural, animal husbandry areas and half agricultural and half animal husbandry areas etc. ) was approached. The following features were found through an analysis of surveyed data: (1) In Tibetan peasant household goods and products instead of money. disposable income and cash are very little. (2) The variety index of income is higher in the out skirt than it in rural, the index has a direct bearing on net income. (3) The income ways are simplistic and out-date in the poor households, they have no ability to resist and guard a-gainst any risk, it is very difficult to increase their receipts. (4) The living standard in agricultural areas is better than in pastoral areas, it is the worst in half agriculture and half animal husbandry areas.
文摘Taking typical western ethnic pastoral area-Evenki Autonomous Banner in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as an example,this article analyses the factors restricting income increase of herdsman penetratingly as follows:the growth in revenue of animal husbandry in pastoral area is limited by ecology;the infrastructure construction in pastoral area lags behind,and the development of animal husbandry is still sluggish;the overall level of industrialization operation of agriculture and animal husbandry is not high;the employment structure of herdsman is simple,and the channel of income increase is narrow;the transfer of labor forces in pastoral area shows " pumping-like transfer" ;herdsmen enjoy few national policies of supporting agriculture and benefiting farmers,and the policy support is short.On the basis of the actual situation in western ethnic minority areas,following countermeasures and proposals are put forward for increasing herdsman's income:transform the mode of production and operation,enhance the organization degree of the majority of herdsmen;improve infrastructure conditions,and promote comprehensive production capacity of agriculture and animal husbandry;quicken pace of industrialization,strengthen the construction of technology support and service system;speed up human capital accumulation rate of herdsman,improve self-development ability of herdsman;propel transformation of production pattern of animal husbandry,innovate ecological protection construction mechanism;increase subsidies for animal husbandry,pastoral area and herdsman in western ethnic minority areas,strengthen policy implementation.
文摘In Ngari prefecture, Tibet, there is a sacred lake called Mapam Yumco that believers ofHinduism and Tibetan Buddhism worship. Set amid snow-covered mountains, the vast lake has an enchanting beauty. Colorful scripture streamers flutter by the lakeside and greet one group of pilgrims after another. Several years ago, Rinbung Gyai, a Tibetan herdsman, opened a teahouse by the side of the sacred lake.
