This paper introduces the key laboratory on bundle conductors for high voltage overhead lines built byElectric Power Construction Research Institute under the State Power Corporation of China. It consists of 4 sub-lab...This paper introduces the key laboratory on bundle conductors for high voltage overhead lines built byElectric Power Construction Research Institute under the State Power Corporation of China. It consists of 4 sub-laboratories, namely the Aeolian Vibration Lab, Spacer Vibration Lab, Conductor Fatigue Lab and Conductor CreepageLab. The paper introduces also laboratory’s facilities, functions and some experimental results.[展开更多
The central solenoid（CS）is one of the key components of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor（ITER）tokamak and which is often considered as the heart of this fusion reactor.This solenoid will be bui...The central solenoid（CS）is one of the key components of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor（ITER）tokamak and which is often considered as the heart of this fusion reactor.This solenoid will be built by using Nb3Sn cablein-conduit conductors（CICC）,capable of generating a 13 T magnetic field.In order to assess the performance of the Nb3Sn CICC in nearly the ITER condition,many short samples have been evaluated at the SULTAN test facility（the background magnetic field is of 10.85 T with the uniform length of 400 mm at 1%homogeneity）in Centre de Recherches en Physique des Plasma（CRPP）.It is found that the samples with pseudo-long twist pitch（including baseline specimens）show a significant degradation in the current-sharing temperature（Tcs）,while the qualification tests of all short twist pitch（STP）samples,which show no degradation versus electromagnetic cycling,even exhibits an increase of Tcs.This behavior was perfectly reproduced in the coil experiments at the central solenoid model coil（CSMC）facility last year.In this paper,the complex structure of the Nb3Sn CICC would be simplified into a wire rope consisting of six petals and a cooling spiral.An analytical formula for the Tcs behavior as a function of the axial strain of the cable is presented.Based on this,the effects of twist pitch,axial and transverse stiffness,thermal mismatch,cycling number,magnetic distribution,etc.,on the axial strain are discussed systematically.The calculated Tcs behavior with cycle number show consistency with the previous experimental results qualitatively and quantitatively.Lastly,we focus on the relationship between Tcs and axial strain of the cable,and we conclude that the Tcs behavior caused by electromagnetic cycles is determined by the cable axial strain.Once the cable is in a compression situation,this compression strain and its accumulation would lead to the Tcs degradation.The experimental observation of the Tcs enhancement in the CS STP samples should be considered as a contribution of the shorter length of the high field zone in SULTAN and CSMC devices,as well as the tight cable structure.展开更多
BaZr1-xScxO3-0.5x (x=0.07,0.10,0.13,0.16) powders were prepared by solid-state reaction method,and ZnO was used as sintering aid.Samples with different amount of ZnO additive were sintered at 1450·C for 6 h in ai...BaZr1-xScxO3-0.5x (x=0.07,0.10,0.13,0.16) powders were prepared by solid-state reaction method,and ZnO was used as sintering aid.Samples with different amount of ZnO additive were sintered at 1450·C for 6 h in air.Single cubic perovskite phase proton conductors were obtained.Conductivity was measured by electrochemical workstation.It was shown that Sc doping could increase conductivity through enhancing the carrier concentration in the material,but excessive Sc content might decrease the carrier concentration because of its charge compensation.ZnO had an influence on carrier concentration and mobility and affected the electrical conductivity.2 mol% ZnO and 13 mol% ScO1.5 doped sample showed the highest DC conductivity of 3.6×10-3 S·cm-1 tested at 800·C in wet hydrogen atmosphere.展开更多
A new type of element which is suitable for solving the modes of thegalloping long multi-span bundle conductor structures is presented. The element is composed of allsub-conductor segments between two spacers. Based o...A new type of element which is suitable for solving the modes of thegalloping long multi-span bundle conductor structures is presented. The element is composed of allsub-conductor segments between two spacers. Based on the linearized governing differential equationsof the conductors, the mass matrix and stiffness matrix of the element in consideration of theconstrained relations imposed on the conductors by spacers are derived. The dynamic characteristicsof the galloping control devices can be directly added to the element. The modes for an actual powerline structure are computed by using the element formula and FEM procedures, where seven cases ofdifferent galloping control device allocations are considered. Compared with the measured data, themethod is shown to be reliable and effective. Analysis and discussions of the computational resultsare given. Some hints that are helpful to further investigation of galloping are also obtained .展开更多
Through the development of marine energy,marine cables are the key equipment for transmission of electrical energy between surface platforms and underwater facilities.Fatigue failure is a critical failure mode of mari...Through the development of marine energy,marine cables are the key equipment for transmission of electrical energy between surface platforms and underwater facilities.Fatigue failure is a critical failure mode of marine cables.The bending performance of the cable conductor has a major influence on both bending and fatigue performances of the overall cable structure.To study the influence of different types of the conductor cross-section on the bending performances of marine cable conductors,three types of copper conductors with the same cross-sectional area,i.e.,noncompressed round,compressed round,and shaped wire conductors,were selected.The experimental results demonstrated that the cross-section type significantly affects the bending performances of copper conductors.In particular,the bending stiffness of the shaped wire conductor is the highest among the three conductor types.Four key evaluation parameters,i.e.,the bending stiffness,maximum bending moment,envelope area,and engineering critical slip point,were selected to compare and analyze the bending hysteresis curves of the three copper conductors.The differences in the key evaluation parameters were analyzed based on the structural dimensional parameters,processing methods,and classical bending stiffness theoretical models of the three copper conductor types.The results provide an important theoretical guidance for the structural design and engineering applications of marine cable conductors.展开更多
In research of YBCO coated conductors, the development of a oxide template for epitaxial growth of YBCO is very important. Matsumoto et al have demonstrated the potential of the surface oxidation epitaxial (SOE) route...In research of YBCO coated conductors, the development of a oxide template for epitaxial growth of YBCO is very important. Matsumoto et al have demonstrated the potential of the surface oxidation epitaxial (SOE) route for formation a cube textured NiO layer on nickel tapes. The epitaxial NiO functions as a buffer layer of chemical reaction between YBCO and nickel, and as a template for the epitaxial growth of YBCO. However, the surface quality of NiO is difficult to control and defects such as crack, spall and deep grooves exist in SOE NiO layer. A new approach combining sputtering and SOE method to obtain crack-free and cube textured NiO layer were reported. Ni tapes prepared by the combination of rolling and recrystallization were used for this work. A coating of Ni was first deposited on the tapes via magnetron sputtering. Then on the coating tapes, continuous and textured NiO layer were achieved by SOE technology.展开更多
A theoretical model is developed for predicting both conduction and diffusion in thin-film ionic conductors or cables. With the linearized Poisson-Nernst-Planck(PNP)theory, the two-dimensional(2D) equations for thin i...A theoretical model is developed for predicting both conduction and diffusion in thin-film ionic conductors or cables. With the linearized Poisson-Nernst-Planck(PNP)theory, the two-dimensional(2D) equations for thin ionic conductor films are obtained from the three-dimensional(3D) equations by power series expansions in the film thickness coordinate, retaining the lower-order equations. The thin-film equations for ionic conductors are combined with similar equations for one thin dielectric film to derive the 2D equations of thin sandwich films composed of a dielectric layer and two ionic conductor layers. A sandwich film in the literature, as an ionic cable, is analyzed as an example of the equations obtained in this paper. The numerical results show the effect of diffusion in addition to the conduction treated in the literature. The obtained theoretical model including both conduction and diffusion phenomena can be used to investigate the performance of ionic-conductor devices with any frequency.展开更多
Luis Castañeda’s article, 'Present Status of the Development and Application of Transparent Conductors Oxide Thin Solid Films ', has been retraced by Ray Boxman because of plagiarism. The scientific...Luis Castañeda’s article, 'Present Status of the Development and Application of Transparent Conductors Oxide Thin Solid Films ', has been retraced by Ray Boxman because of plagiarism. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and we treat all unethical behavior such as plagiarism seriously. This paper published in Vol.2 No.9 1233-1242, 2011, has been removed from this site.展开更多
MgO thin films with different textures are fabricated by the ion beam assisted （IBAD） method on the Y2O3/Al2O3 buffered C276 tape. Then a CaO2 layer is directly grown on the IBAD-MgO film by the pulsed laser deposit...MgO thin films with different textures are fabricated by the ion beam assisted （IBAD） method on the Y2O3/Al2O3 buffered C276 tape. Then a CaO2 layer is directly grown on the IBAD-MgO film by the pulsed laser deposition （PLD） method. Effects of lBAD-MgO texture, substrata temperature and thickness on the grain alignment of the CeO2 layer are investigated. Film characterization is performed by x-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. It is found that the orientation and texture degree of the CaO2 layer are very sensitive to the IBAD-MgO texture. By optimizing the IBAD-MgO texture, CeO2 has pure （002） orientation and excellent biaxial texture deposited in a broad substrata temperature range. In addition, the PLD-CeO2 layer has a thickness effect. Under the optimized experimental condition, the PLD-CeO2 layer has a high in-plane texture of △φ = 2.9° and a smooth surface with an rms surface roughness of less than 2nm. The critical current density Jc of a 0.4μm-thick YBCO film deposited on the CeO2 layer is 6.25 × 106 A/cm2 at 77K and a self-field.展开更多
The structure and electric properties of the mixed conductors of Li_(1+x)V_3O_8(x=0.1) containing dispersed second-phase α-Al_2O_3 particles have been studied in the paper. The total conductivity of the specimen cont...The structure and electric properties of the mixed conductors of Li_(1+x)V_3O_8(x=0.1) containing dispersed second-phase α-Al_2O_3 particles have been studied in the paper. The total conductivity of the specimen containing 6m/o α-Al_2O_3 is five or six times as much as that of pure Li_(1+x)V_3O_8 (x=0.1) at room temperature. By the analyses of NMR and ESR, it is known that at low temperature, the transport activation energy of Li^+ ions reduced, the transport frequency of Li^+ ions are speeded up and thus ionic conductivity increased in the specimens containing α-Al_2O_3 particles. At high temperature, diffusion effect of α-Al_2O_3 on electronic transport becomes great, the enhancement of ionic conductivity caused by α-Al_2O_3 doesn't make up the decrease of electronic conductivity caused by the diffusion effect, so that total conductivity of the specimens containing DSPP is lower than that of pure Li_(1+x)V_3O_8(x=0.1). As a result, DSPP mainly increases ionic conductivity of the mixed conductors at room temperature.展开更多
Conductor qualification will be carried out with four Cable-in-Conduit Conductor （CICC） samples made of superconducting strands. The direct current （DC） performance of these samples will be tested in the SULTAN fa...Conductor qualification will be carried out with four Cable-in-Conduit Conductor （CICC） samples made of superconducting strands. The direct current （DC） performance of these samples will be tested in the SULTAN facility. The critical current densities of the strands can be well simulated by empirical equations. In this paper, a model is illustrated to predict the DC behaviour of the cable in light of the single strand＇s experimental properties. The simulation results were compared with experimental results.展开更多
Na_(5+x) YAl_x Si_(4-x) O_(12) polycrystalline solid electrolytes are prepared by solid reactions. By the analyses of X-ray, TG and DTA, infrared spectu re, and SEM, the variasion of their density with the composition...Na_(5+x) YAl_x Si_(4-x) O_(12) polycrystalline solid electrolytes are prepared by solid reactions. By the analyses of X-ray, TG and DTA, infrared spectu re, and SEM, the variasion of their density with the composition X are discussed Their electric conductivity in the temperature range of R. T. to 300℃ are determined with electric brigde, and their variasions with the compositions X and temperature are studied. Their activations in the tem- perature range 140℃ to 300℃ are calculated, and their variation with the compositons X are discussed.展开更多
Natural layered aluminosilicate Kaolinite Al 4[Si 4O 10 ](OH) 8 has been used as a starting material for preparing a new system of lithium fast ion conductors by high temperature(1073—1223 K) solid state react...Natural layered aluminosilicate Kaolinite Al 4[Si 4O 10 ](OH) 8 has been used as a starting material for preparing a new system of lithium fast ion conductors by high temperature(1073—1223 K) solid state reactions. X ray powder diffraction and a.c. impedance technique were used to characterize the compositions of the Li 1+2 x Al x Zr 2- x Si x P 3- x O 12 system. A single pure solid solution phase with R3c space group can be formed in the composition range of x ≤0 4. A specimen with x =0 3 possesses a maximum ionic conductivity which reaches up to 1 03×10 -2 s/cm at 723 K and the activation energy is 29 63 kJ/mol.展开更多
CeO2 seed layer was deposited on rolling-assisted biaxially textured metal substrates by direct-current （DC） magnetron reactive sputtering. The effect of deposition temperature on epitaxial orientation of CeO2 thin ...CeO2 seed layer was deposited on rolling-assisted biaxially textured metal substrates by direct-current （DC） magnetron reactive sputtering. The effect of deposition temperature on epitaxial orientation of CeO2 thin films was examined. High quality CeO2 layers were achieved at deposition temperature from 750℃ to 850℃.Subsequently yttria-stabilized zirconia （YSZ） and CeO2 films were deposited to complete the buffer layer structure via the same process. The best samples exhibited a highly biaxial texture, as indicated by FWHM （full width half maximum） values in the range of 4°-5°, and 2°-4° for in-plane and out-of-plane orientations,respectively. Secondary ion mass spectrometer analysis confirmed the effective prevention of buffer layer against Ni and W metal interdiffusion. Atomic force microscope observations revealed a smooth, dense and crack-free surface morphology, which provided themselves as the good buffer structure to the YBa2Cu3O7-δ（YBCO） coated conductors.展开更多
Two types of disposable EMF hydrogen sensors for measurements ofsolute contents of liquid metals in situ in metal-refining processesand their general principles are introduced. The way to design newelectrochemical sen...Two types of disposable EMF hydrogen sensors for measurements ofsolute contents of liquid metals in situ in metal-refining processesand their general principles are introduced. The way to design newelectrochemical sensors and the direction to develop new protonicconductors as new electrochemical sensors are discussed. Thefeasibility of protonic conductors worked as hydrogen pump innon-ferrous metal refining processes is discussed as well.展开更多
CeO2 and Ce0.8M0.2O2-d films （M = Mn, Y, Gd, Sm, Nd and La） with （00l） preferred orientation have been prepared on biaxially textured Ni-W substrates by metal organic decomposition （MOD） method. The factors infl...CeO2 and Ce0.8M0.2O2-d films （M = Mn, Y, Gd, Sm, Nd and La） with （00l） preferred orientation have been prepared on biaxially textured Ni-W substrates by metal organic decomposition （MOD） method. The factors influencing the formation of cracks on the surface of these CeO2 and doped CeO2 films on Ni-W substrates were explored by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） analysis, atomic force microscopy （AFM） and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. The results indicate that many factors, such as the change of the ionic radii of doping cations, the transformation of crystal structure and the formation of oxygen vacancies in lattices at high annealing temperature, may be related to the formation of cracks on the surface of these films. However, the crack formation shows no dependence on the crystal lattice mismatch degree of the films with Ni-W substrates. Moreover, the suppression of surface cracks is related to the change of intrinsic elasticity of CeO2 film with doping of cations with a larger radius. SEM and AFM investigations of Ce0.8M0.2O2-d （M = Y, Gd, Sm, Nd and La） films reveal the dense, smooth and crack-free microstructure, and their lattice parameters match well with that of YBCO, illuminating that they are potentially suitable to be as buffer layer, especially as cap layer in multi-layer architecture of buffer layer for coated conductors.展开更多
A cost-efFective technique, including nanocrystalline powder preparation using a modified Pechini method and a two-step low-temperature sintering route, was developed for the synthesis of high performance La2Mo2O9- ba...A cost-efFective technique, including nanocrystalline powder preparation using a modified Pechini method and a two-step low-temperature sintering route, was developed for the synthesis of high performance La2Mo2O9- based oxide-ion conductors. The optimum parameters of the compaction pressure, the first step and ＇the second step sintering temperatures for the synthesis of fine grained, high density and uniform La2Mo2O9- based oxide-ion conductors were determined by a series of sintering experiments. High density and uniform sintered La2Mo2O9 samples with average grain size from 0.8 to 5 μm and La1.96K0.04Mo2O8.96 sample with average grain size as small as 500 nm were synthesized by using this cost-efFective method. The impedance measurement results show that the as-fabricated La2Mo2O9-based ceramics possess much higher ionic conductivity than that obtained by solid state reaction method. It is found that in the range of 0.8-5μm the grain size of dense La2Mo2O9 samples prepared from the nanocrystalline powders has little influence on their conductivities.展开更多
Perovskite type lithium fast ion conductors of Li 3 x La 0.67- x In y Ti 1-2 y P y O 3 system were prepared by solid state reaction. X ray powder diffraction shows that perovskite solid...Perovskite type lithium fast ion conductors of Li 3 x La 0.67- x In y Ti 1-2 y P y O 3 system were prepared by solid state reaction. X ray powder diffraction shows that perovskite solid solution forms in the ranges of x =0.10～0.12, y ≤0.2. AC impedance measurements indicate that the bulk conductivities and the total conductivities are of 1×10 -4 and 1× 10 -5 S·cm -1 at 25 ℃ respectively. The compositions have low bulk activation energies of 20 kJ·mol -1 in the temperature ranges of 298～523 K and total activation energies of 40 kJ·mol -1 in the temperature ranges of 298～623 K.展开更多
A novel method for calculating the magnetic stiffness matrix was proposed for the numerical analysis of the magneto-elastic stability of complicated current-carrying structures aim- ing for application in the magneto-...A novel method for calculating the magnetic stiffness matrix was proposed for the numerical analysis of the magneto-elastic stability of complicated current-carrying structures aim- ing for application in the magneto-elastic behavior of the tokamak system. A code based on the proposed method was developed and applied to the numerical analysis of two typical current- carrying structures. The good consistency of the numerical and analytical results validated the proposed method and the related numerical code.展开更多
Several types of REBa2Cu3O7-x （REBCO, RE=Y, Ho etc.） films are prepared on single crystal substrate LaAIO3 by TFA-MOD method. The phase transformation and optimized growth conditions in the crystallization are studi...Several types of REBa2Cu3O7-x （REBCO, RE=Y, Ho etc.） films are prepared on single crystal substrate LaAIO3 by TFA-MOD method. The phase transformation and optimized growth conditions in the crystallization are studied. Compared with SmBCO and GdBCO, high quality YBCO and HoBCO films are relatively easy to produce. It is revealed that the YBCO grains can form at low temperatures such as 730 ℃ during the initial heating ramp. With a high heating rate of 20 K/min and a low oxygen pressure of 100 ppm, the optimum growth temperature is around 780℃, at which the films show a Jc value of 2.88 MMcm2. Further decrease of the heating rate may produce the highquality YBCO Film with a higher Jc of 3.65 MA/cm2. The temperature dependence of resistances in various magnetic fields up to 9 T shows that the present TFAMOD YBCO and HoBCO films have similar superonducting transition temperature and magnetotransport properties.展开更多
文摘This paper introduces the key laboratory on bundle conductors for high voltage overhead lines built byElectric Power Construction Research Institute under the State Power Corporation of China. It consists of 4 sub-laboratories, namely the Aeolian Vibration Lab, Spacer Vibration Lab, Conductor Fatigue Lab and Conductor CreepageLab. The paper introduces also laboratory’s facilities, functions and some experimental results.[
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 11622217)the National Key Project of Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development(Grant 11327802)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grants lzujbky-2017-ot18,lzujbky-2017-k18)
文摘The central solenoid（CS）is one of the key components of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor（ITER）tokamak and which is often considered as the heart of this fusion reactor.This solenoid will be built by using Nb3Sn cablein-conduit conductors（CICC）,capable of generating a 13 T magnetic field.In order to assess the performance of the Nb3Sn CICC in nearly the ITER condition,many short samples have been evaluated at the SULTAN test facility（the background magnetic field is of 10.85 T with the uniform length of 400 mm at 1%homogeneity）in Centre de Recherches en Physique des Plasma（CRPP）.It is found that the samples with pseudo-long twist pitch（including baseline specimens）show a significant degradation in the current-sharing temperature（Tcs）,while the qualification tests of all short twist pitch（STP）samples,which show no degradation versus electromagnetic cycling,even exhibits an increase of Tcs.This behavior was perfectly reproduced in the coil experiments at the central solenoid model coil（CSMC）facility last year.In this paper,the complex structure of the Nb3Sn CICC would be simplified into a wire rope consisting of six petals and a cooling spiral.An analytical formula for the Tcs behavior as a function of the axial strain of the cable is presented.Based on this,the effects of twist pitch,axial and transverse stiffness,thermal mismatch,cycling number,magnetic distribution,etc.,on the axial strain are discussed systematically.The calculated Tcs behavior with cycle number show consistency with the previous experimental results qualitatively and quantitatively.Lastly,we focus on the relationship between Tcs and axial strain of the cable,and we conclude that the Tcs behavior caused by electromagnetic cycles is determined by the cable axial strain.Once the cable is in a compression situation,this compression strain and its accumulation would lead to the Tcs degradation.The experimental observation of the Tcs enhancement in the CS STP samples should be considered as a contribution of the shorter length of the high field zone in SULTAN and CSMC devices,as well as the tight cable structure.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50872090)Guizhou Province-University Scientific and Technological Cooperation Program (No.[2011]7002)
文摘BaZr1-xScxO3-0.5x (x=0.07,0.10,0.13,0.16) powders were prepared by solid-state reaction method,and ZnO was used as sintering aid.Samples with different amount of ZnO additive were sintered at 1450·C for 6 h in air.Single cubic perovskite phase proton conductors were obtained.Conductivity was measured by electrochemical workstation.It was shown that Sc doping could increase conductivity through enhancing the carrier concentration in the material,but excessive Sc content might decrease the carrier concentration because of its charge compensation.ZnO had an influence on carrier concentration and mobility and affected the electrical conductivity.2 mol% ZnO and 13 mol% ScO1.5 doped sample showed the highest DC conductivity of 3.6×10-3 S·cm-1 tested at 800·C in wet hydrogen atmosphere.
文摘A new type of element which is suitable for solving the modes of thegalloping long multi-span bundle conductor structures is presented. The element is composed of allsub-conductor segments between two spacers. Based on the linearized governing differential equationsof the conductors, the mass matrix and stiffness matrix of the element in consideration of theconstrained relations imposed on the conductors by spacers are derived. The dynamic characteristicsof the galloping control devices can be directly added to the element. The modes for an actual powerline structure are computed by using the element formula and FEM procedures, where seven cases ofdifferent galloping control device allocations are considered. Compared with the measured data, themethod is shown to be reliable and effective. Analysis and discussions of the computational resultsare given. Some hints that are helpful to further investigation of galloping are also obtained .
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1906233)the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(Grant No.2019JZZY010801)+1 种基金the Development Projects in Key Areas of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2020B1111040002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.DUT20ZD213 and DUT20LAB308)。
文摘Through the development of marine energy,marine cables are the key equipment for transmission of electrical energy between surface platforms and underwater facilities.Fatigue failure is a critical failure mode of marine cables.The bending performance of the cable conductor has a major influence on both bending and fatigue performances of the overall cable structure.To study the influence of different types of the conductor cross-section on the bending performances of marine cable conductors,three types of copper conductors with the same cross-sectional area,i.e.,noncompressed round,compressed round,and shaped wire conductors,were selected.The experimental results demonstrated that the cross-section type significantly affects the bending performances of copper conductors.In particular,the bending stiffness of the shaped wire conductor is the highest among the three conductor types.Four key evaluation parameters,i.e.,the bending stiffness,maximum bending moment,envelope area,and engineering critical slip point,were selected to compare and analyze the bending hysteresis curves of the three copper conductors.The differences in the key evaluation parameters were analyzed based on the structural dimensional parameters,processing methods,and classical bending stiffness theoretical models of the three copper conductor types.The results provide an important theoretical guidance for the structural design and engineering applications of marine cable conductors.
文摘In research of YBCO coated conductors, the development of a oxide template for epitaxial growth of YBCO is very important. Matsumoto et al have demonstrated the potential of the surface oxidation epitaxial (SOE) route for formation a cube textured NiO layer on nickel tapes. The epitaxial NiO functions as a buffer layer of chemical reaction between YBCO and nickel, and as a template for the epitaxial growth of YBCO. However, the surface quality of NiO is difficult to control and defects such as crack, spall and deep grooves exist in SOE NiO layer. A new approach combining sputtering and SOE method to obtain crack-free and cube textured NiO layer were reported. Ni tapes prepared by the combination of rolling and recrystallization were used for this work. A coating of Ni was first deposited on the tapes via magnetron sputtering. Then on the coating tapes, continuous and textured NiO layer were achieved by SOE technology.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11672265,11202182,and 11621062)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2016QNA4026 and2016XZZX001-05)the Open Foundation of Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline of Mechanical Engineering
文摘A theoretical model is developed for predicting both conduction and diffusion in thin-film ionic conductors or cables. With the linearized Poisson-Nernst-Planck(PNP)theory, the two-dimensional(2D) equations for thin ionic conductor films are obtained from the three-dimensional(3D) equations by power series expansions in the film thickness coordinate, retaining the lower-order equations. The thin-film equations for ionic conductors are combined with similar equations for one thin dielectric film to derive the 2D equations of thin sandwich films composed of a dielectric layer and two ionic conductor layers. A sandwich film in the literature, as an ionic cable, is analyzed as an example of the equations obtained in this paper. The numerical results show the effect of diffusion in addition to the conduction treated in the literature. The obtained theoretical model including both conduction and diffusion phenomena can be used to investigate the performance of ionic-conductor devices with any frequency.
文摘Luis Castañeda’s article, 'Present Status of the Development and Application of Transparent Conductors Oxide Thin Solid Films ', has been retraced by Ray Boxman because of plagiarism. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and we treat all unethical behavior such as plagiarism seriously. This paper published in Vol.2 No.9 1233-1242, 2011, has been removed from this site.
基金Supported by the ITER Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under Grant No 2011GB113004the Shanghai Commission of Science and Technology under Grant Nos 09DZ1206000 and 11DZ1100402the Youth Fund of Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11204174
文摘MgO thin films with different textures are fabricated by the ion beam assisted （IBAD） method on the Y2O3/Al2O3 buffered C276 tape. Then a CaO2 layer is directly grown on the IBAD-MgO film by the pulsed laser deposition （PLD） method. Effects of lBAD-MgO texture, substrata temperature and thickness on the grain alignment of the CeO2 layer are investigated. Film characterization is performed by x-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. It is found that the orientation and texture degree of the CaO2 layer are very sensitive to the IBAD-MgO texture. By optimizing the IBAD-MgO texture, CeO2 has pure （002） orientation and excellent biaxial texture deposited in a broad substrata temperature range. In addition, the PLD-CeO2 layer has a thickness effect. Under the optimized experimental condition, the PLD-CeO2 layer has a high in-plane texture of △φ = 2.9° and a smooth surface with an rms surface roughness of less than 2nm. The critical current density Jc of a 0.4μm-thick YBCO film deposited on the CeO2 layer is 6.25 × 106 A/cm2 at 77K and a self-field.
文摘The structure and electric properties of the mixed conductors of Li_(1+x)V_3O_8(x=0.1) containing dispersed second-phase α-Al_2O_3 particles have been studied in the paper. The total conductivity of the specimen containing 6m/o α-Al_2O_3 is five or six times as much as that of pure Li_(1+x)V_3O_8 (x=0.1) at room temperature. By the analyses of NMR and ESR, it is known that at low temperature, the transport activation energy of Li^+ ions reduced, the transport frequency of Li^+ ions are speeded up and thus ionic conductivity increased in the specimens containing α-Al_2O_3 particles. At high temperature, diffusion effect of α-Al_2O_3 on electronic transport becomes great, the enhancement of ionic conductivity caused by α-Al_2O_3 doesn't make up the decrease of electronic conductivity caused by the diffusion effect, so that total conductivity of the specimens containing DSPP is lower than that of pure Li_(1+x)V_3O_8(x=0.1). As a result, DSPP mainly increases ionic conductivity of the mixed conductors at room temperature.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No.151J00035602)
文摘Conductor qualification will be carried out with four Cable-in-Conduit Conductor （CICC） samples made of superconducting strands. The direct current （DC） performance of these samples will be tested in the SULTAN facility. The critical current densities of the strands can be well simulated by empirical equations. In this paper, a model is illustrated to predict the DC behaviour of the cable in light of the single strand＇s experimental properties. The simulation results were compared with experimental results.
文摘Na_(5+x) YAl_x Si_(4-x) O_(12) polycrystalline solid electrolytes are prepared by solid reactions. By the analyses of X-ray, TG and DTA, infrared spectu re, and SEM, the variasion of their density with the composition X are discussed Their electric conductivity in the temperature range of R. T. to 300℃ are determined with electric brigde, and their variasions with the compositions X and temperature are studied. Their activations in the tem- perature range 140℃ to 300℃ are calculated, and their variation with the compositons X are discussed.
文摘Natural layered aluminosilicate Kaolinite Al 4[Si 4O 10 ](OH) 8 has been used as a starting material for preparing a new system of lithium fast ion conductors by high temperature(1073—1223 K) solid state reactions. X ray powder diffraction and a.c. impedance technique were used to characterize the compositions of the Li 1+2 x Al x Zr 2- x Si x P 3- x O 12 system. A single pure solid solution phase with R3c space group can be formed in the composition range of x ≤0 4. A specimen with x =0 3 possesses a maximum ionic conductivity which reaches up to 1 03×10 -2 s/cm at 723 K and the activation energy is 29 63 kJ/mol.
文摘CeO2 seed layer was deposited on rolling-assisted biaxially textured metal substrates by direct-current （DC） magnetron reactive sputtering. The effect of deposition temperature on epitaxial orientation of CeO2 thin films was examined. High quality CeO2 layers were achieved at deposition temperature from 750℃ to 850℃.Subsequently yttria-stabilized zirconia （YSZ） and CeO2 films were deposited to complete the buffer layer structure via the same process. The best samples exhibited a highly biaxial texture, as indicated by FWHM （full width half maximum） values in the range of 4°-5°, and 2°-4° for in-plane and out-of-plane orientations,respectively. Secondary ion mass spectrometer analysis confirmed the effective prevention of buffer layer against Ni and W metal interdiffusion. Atomic force microscope observations revealed a smooth, dense and crack-free surface morphology, which provided themselves as the good buffer structure to the YBa2Cu3O7-δ（YBCO） coated conductors.
基金This project is financially Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20101006)Postdoctoral Foundation of China, and Shanghai Postdoctoral Foundation
文摘Two types of disposable EMF hydrogen sensors for measurements ofsolute contents of liquid metals in situ in metal-refining processesand their general principles are introduced. The way to design newelectrochemical sensors and the direction to develop new protonicconductors as new electrochemical sensors are discussed. Thefeasibility of protonic conductors worked as hydrogen pump innon-ferrous metal refining processes is discussed as well.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational 863 Program of China(Nos.50872115and2009AA03Z203)
文摘CeO2 and Ce0.8M0.2O2-d films （M = Mn, Y, Gd, Sm, Nd and La） with （00l） preferred orientation have been prepared on biaxially textured Ni-W substrates by metal organic decomposition （MOD） method. The factors influencing the formation of cracks on the surface of these CeO2 and doped CeO2 films on Ni-W substrates were explored by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） analysis, atomic force microscopy （AFM） and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. The results indicate that many factors, such as the change of the ionic radii of doping cations, the transformation of crystal structure and the formation of oxygen vacancies in lattices at high annealing temperature, may be related to the formation of cracks on the surface of these films. However, the crack formation shows no dependence on the crystal lattice mismatch degree of the films with Ni-W substrates. Moreover, the suppression of surface cracks is related to the change of intrinsic elasticity of CeO2 film with doping of cations with a larger radius. SEM and AFM investigations of Ce0.8M0.2O2-d （M = Y, Gd, Sm, Nd and La） films reveal the dense, smooth and crack-free microstructure, and their lattice parameters match well with that of YBCO, illuminating that they are potentially suitable to be as buffer layer, especially as cap layer in multi-layer architecture of buffer layer for coated conductors.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50672100)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.050440901)the Ningbo Civic Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.2006A610057).
文摘A cost-efFective technique, including nanocrystalline powder preparation using a modified Pechini method and a two-step low-temperature sintering route, was developed for the synthesis of high performance La2Mo2O9- based oxide-ion conductors. The optimum parameters of the compaction pressure, the first step and ＇the second step sintering temperatures for the synthesis of fine grained, high density and uniform La2Mo2O9- based oxide-ion conductors were determined by a series of sintering experiments. High density and uniform sintered La2Mo2O9 samples with average grain size from 0.8 to 5 μm and La1.96K0.04Mo2O8.96 sample with average grain size as small as 500 nm were synthesized by using this cost-efFective method. The impedance measurement results show that the as-fabricated La2Mo2O9-based ceramics possess much higher ionic conductivity than that obtained by solid state reaction method. It is found that in the range of 0.8-5μm the grain size of dense La2Mo2O9 samples prepared from the nanocrystalline powders has little influence on their conductivities.
文摘Perovskite type lithium fast ion conductors of Li 3 x La 0.67- x In y Ti 1-2 y P y O 3 system were prepared by solid state reaction. X ray powder diffraction shows that perovskite solid solution forms in the ranges of x =0.10～0.12, y ≤0.2. AC impedance measurements indicate that the bulk conductivities and the total conductivities are of 1×10 -4 and 1× 10 -5 S·cm -1 at 25 ℃ respectively. The compositions have low bulk activation energies of 20 kJ·mol -1 in the temperature ranges of 298～523 K and total activation energies of 40 kJ·mol -1 in the temperature ranges of 298～623 K.
基金supported by National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Program of China (Nos. 2009GB104002, 2013GB113005)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 50977070, 51277139, 11021202)the National Basic Research Program of National China(No. 2011CB610303)
文摘A novel method for calculating the magnetic stiffness matrix was proposed for the numerical analysis of the magneto-elastic stability of complicated current-carrying structures aim- ing for application in the magneto-elastic behavior of the tokamak system. A code based on the proposed method was developed and applied to the numerical analysis of two typical current- carrying structures. The good consistency of the numerical and analytical results validated the proposed method and the related numerical code.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 50672057, 50702033 and 10774098the National Science Foundation of China (973 Projects) under Grant No. 2006CB601005+1 种基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality under Grant No. 0752nm017the Project Based Personnel Exchange Program between China and Germany under Grant No. [2006] 3139.
文摘Several types of REBa2Cu3O7-x （REBCO, RE=Y, Ho etc.） films are prepared on single crystal substrate LaAIO3 by TFA-MOD method. The phase transformation and optimized growth conditions in the crystallization are studied. Compared with SmBCO and GdBCO, high quality YBCO and HoBCO films are relatively easy to produce. It is revealed that the YBCO grains can form at low temperatures such as 730 ℃ during the initial heating ramp. With a high heating rate of 20 K/min and a low oxygen pressure of 100 ppm, the optimum growth temperature is around 780℃, at which the films show a Jc value of 2.88 MMcm2. Further decrease of the heating rate may produce the highquality YBCO Film with a higher Jc of 3.65 MA/cm2. The temperature dependence of resistances in various magnetic fields up to 9 T shows that the present TFAMOD YBCO and HoBCO films have similar superonducting transition temperature and magnetotransport properties.
