Petroleum, the most important energy source in the world, plays an essential role in securing economic development. If a petroleum shortage happens, it will severely disrupt production and life. Cross-regional emergen...Petroleum, the most important energy source in the world, plays an essential role in securing economic development. If a petroleum shortage happens, it will severely disrupt production and life. Cross-regional emergency scheduling can effectively alleviate a petroleum shortage and further enhance the efficiency of the emergency response. Considering the general lack of focus on cross-regional petroleum dispatching management, we propose a three-layer emergency scheduling network for petroleum based on a supernetwork model that can increase the regional emergency correlation by adding a transfer management process. Then, we compare the total demand for petroleum and the emergency costs considered in the petroleum emergency scheduling supernetwork model（the single-region and the cross-region scenarios）.The result shows that the cross-regional emergency scheduling pattern can effectively enhance the efficiency of the emergency preparations and reduce the emergency costs in most cases. However, when the vulnerabilities in the crossregional link grow or the regional linkage decreases, the effect of single-regional scheduling is better. In addition, the advantages of the cross-regional emergency scheduling network will be strengthened with an increase in its maximum emergency capability. Nonetheless, this advantage will disappear when the petroleum demand in the crisis layer reaches the maximum emergency response capacity. Finally, according to the comparative analysis simulation among scenarios,certain strategic policy recommendations are suggested to improve the petroleum emergency scheduling ability in regions.These recommendations include strengthening the cross-regional coordination mechanism, increasing the modes of petroleum transportation and enhancing the carrying capacity of regional emergency routes.展开更多
The amount of solar PV installed capacity has steadily increased to 44.5 GW at the end of FY2017,since the introduction of the Feed in Tariff(FiT)to Japan in 2012.On the other hand,since the first curtailment of solar...The amount of solar PV installed capacity has steadily increased to 44.5 GW at the end of FY2017,since the introduction of the Feed in Tariff(FiT)to Japan in 2012.On the other hand,since the first curtailment of solar PV was conducted on October 13th,2018 in the Kyushu area,the curtailment has been frequently executed including wind power after that.In this study,cross-regional interconnector and pumped hydro energy storage(PHES)are focused on mitigating curtailment.In Japan,there are 9 electric power areas which connected each other by cross-regional interconnectors.According to the historical operation,cross-regional interconnectors were secured as emergency flexible measures,but after the implicit auction was started from October 2018,it is used on merit order.Regarding a PHES in Japan,they have been built with nuclear power plants for several decades.Because the output of nuclear power generation is constant,so the PHES is used to absorb the surplus at nighttime when the demand declines.All nuclear power plants in Japan have been shut down after the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant following the Great East Japan Earthquake that occurred on March 11th,2011.There are several nuclear power plants that have been restarted(9 reactors,as of August 2019).In this study,the amount of curtailment for solar PV in the Kyushu area is sent to the Chugoku area using the cross-regional interconnector(Kanmon line).Then,the PHES in the Chugoku area is pumping with low price.Because the spot price in the market is low when the curtailment is executed.After that,the PHES is generating at night with high price when the solar PV is not generating.It makes a profit by the deference for the cost of pumping and the revenue of generating by the PHES.As a calculation result,for one week from May 2nd to 8th,2019,a profit becomes 152.2 million JPY(about 1.22 million EUR).For this purpose,it is necessary to raise the operation capacity of the cross-regional interconnector up to the rated capacity with the frequency control function of solar PV instead of the capacity to keep frequency in the event of an accident.This will allow the further introduction of solar PV in Japan.展开更多
This paper presents a study on how to accommodate wind power into multiple regions,while simultaneously implementing economic and reliable dispatch for multi-area power system operation.The focus is on quantifying the...This paper presents a study on how to accommodate wind power into multiple regions,while simultaneously implementing economic and reliable dispatch for multi-area power system operation.The focus is on quantifying the operational risk brought by wind power uncertainty and at the same time accommodating wind power by coordinating multi-area generation and reserve resources.The reserve requirement of each area is calculated based on two indexes,namely,loss of load probability and wind spillage probability.Then,a generation-reserve cooptimization dispatch model that factors cross-regional wind power accommodation is proposed.The transmission margin and network security constraints of tie-lines are considered to systematically allocate reserve resources for all areas.Finally,optimality condition decomposition is used to decompose the dispatching model to achieve relatively independent regional scheduling,and to get the global optimization result.The reasonableness and effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated by a 6-bus 2-area test system and a 236-bus interconnected system.展开更多
For the planning,operation and control of multiterminal voltage source converter(VSC)based high-voltage direct current(HVDC)(VSC-MTDC)systems,an accurate power flow formulation is a key starting point.Conventional pow...For the planning,operation and control of multiterminal voltage source converter(VSC)based high-voltage direct current(HVDC)(VSC-MTDC)systems,an accurate power flow formulation is a key starting point.Conventional power flow formulations assume the constant frequencies for all asynchronous AC systems.Therefore,a new feature about the complex coupling relations between AC frequencies,DC voltages and the exchanged power via VSC stations cannot be characterized if VSC-MTDC systems are required to provide cross-regional frequency responses.To address this issue,this paper proposes a comprehensive frequency-dependent power flow formulation.The proposed approach takes the frequencies of asynchronous AC systems as explicit variables,and investigates the novel bus models of the interlinking buses of VSC stations.The proposed approach accommodates different operation modes and frequency droop strategies of VSC stations,and considers the power losses of VSC stations.The effectiveness and generality of the developed approach are validated by a 6-terminal VSC-HVDC test system.The test system presents the characteristics of the coexistence of numerous VSC operation modes,the absence of slack buses in both AC and DC subsystems,and diversified grid configurations such as point-to-point integration of renewable energy sources and one AC system integrated with multiple VSC stations.展开更多
Cross-regional allocation is necessary for the rational utilization and optimal allocation of resources.It is also the key to effective and sustainable disaster relief.Existing research,however,generally centers on em...Cross-regional allocation is necessary for the rational utilization and optimal allocation of resources.It is also the key to effective and sustainable disaster relief.Existing research,however,generally centers on emergency resource allocation only within territories or regions.This article proposes a multiperiod allocation optimization model for emergency resources based on regional selfrescue and cross-regional collaborative rescue efforts.The model targets the shortest delivery time and lowest allocation costs as its efficiency goals and the maximum coverage rate of resource allocation in the disaster-affected locations as its equity goal.An objective weighting fuzzy algorithm based on two-dimensional Euclidean distance is designed to solve the proposed model.A case study based on the Wenchuan Earthquake of 12 May 2008 was conducted to validate the proposed model.The results indicate that our proposed model allows for optimal,multiperiod cross-regional resource allocation by combining interterritorial and nearby allocation principles.Cross-regional relief makes resource allocation more equitable,minimizes dissatisfaction,and prevents losses.Different decision preferences appear to significantly affect the choice of resource allocation scheme employed,which provides flexibility for decision making in different emergencies.展开更多
It is essential for cross-regional control and treatment of major epidemics to establish a collaborative,efficient,and precise collective response mechanism.Based on the observation of the COVID-19 epidemic,this paper...It is essential for cross-regional control and treatment of major epidemics to establish a collaborative,efficient,and precise collective response mechanism.Based on the observation of the COVID-19 epidemic,this paper concludes major measures and experience of cross-regional collective response for epidemic control and treatment,compares the difference between localities at home and abroad,and puts forwards major strategies for a cross-regional collective response,hoping to provide policy-making references to improve the modernization level of public health,epidemic prevention,and emergency management in China.展开更多
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2014XT06)
文摘Petroleum, the most important energy source in the world, plays an essential role in securing economic development. If a petroleum shortage happens, it will severely disrupt production and life. Cross-regional emergency scheduling can effectively alleviate a petroleum shortage and further enhance the efficiency of the emergency response. Considering the general lack of focus on cross-regional petroleum dispatching management, we propose a three-layer emergency scheduling network for petroleum based on a supernetwork model that can increase the regional emergency correlation by adding a transfer management process. Then, we compare the total demand for petroleum and the emergency costs considered in the petroleum emergency scheduling supernetwork model（the single-region and the cross-region scenarios）.The result shows that the cross-regional emergency scheduling pattern can effectively enhance the efficiency of the emergency preparations and reduce the emergency costs in most cases. However, when the vulnerabilities in the crossregional link grow or the regional linkage decreases, the effect of single-regional scheduling is better. In addition, the advantages of the cross-regional emergency scheduling network will be strengthened with an increase in its maximum emergency capability. Nonetheless, this advantage will disappear when the petroleum demand in the crisis layer reaches the maximum emergency response capacity. Finally, according to the comparative analysis simulation among scenarios,certain strategic policy recommendations are suggested to improve the petroleum emergency scheduling ability in regions.These recommendations include strengthening the cross-regional coordination mechanism, increasing the modes of petroleum transportation and enhancing the carrying capacity of regional emergency routes.
文摘The amount of solar PV installed capacity has steadily increased to 44.5 GW at the end of FY2017,since the introduction of the Feed in Tariff(FiT)to Japan in 2012.On the other hand,since the first curtailment of solar PV was conducted on October 13th,2018 in the Kyushu area,the curtailment has been frequently executed including wind power after that.In this study,cross-regional interconnector and pumped hydro energy storage(PHES)are focused on mitigating curtailment.In Japan,there are 9 electric power areas which connected each other by cross-regional interconnectors.According to the historical operation,cross-regional interconnectors were secured as emergency flexible measures,but after the implicit auction was started from October 2018,it is used on merit order.Regarding a PHES in Japan,they have been built with nuclear power plants for several decades.Because the output of nuclear power generation is constant,so the PHES is used to absorb the surplus at nighttime when the demand declines.All nuclear power plants in Japan have been shut down after the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant following the Great East Japan Earthquake that occurred on March 11th,2011.There are several nuclear power plants that have been restarted(9 reactors,as of August 2019).In this study,the amount of curtailment for solar PV in the Kyushu area is sent to the Chugoku area using the cross-regional interconnector(Kanmon line).Then,the PHES in the Chugoku area is pumping with low price.Because the spot price in the market is low when the curtailment is executed.After that,the PHES is generating at night with high price when the solar PV is not generating.It makes a profit by the deference for the cost of pumping and the revenue of generating by the PHES.As a calculation result,for one week from May 2nd to 8th,2019,a profit becomes 152.2 million JPY(about 1.22 million EUR).For this purpose,it is necessary to raise the operation capacity of the cross-regional interconnector up to the rated capacity with the frequency control function of solar PV instead of the capacity to keep frequency in the event of an accident.This will allow the further introduction of solar PV in Japan.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFB0900105)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51577061)the Management&Consultation Project of SGCC.
文摘This paper presents a study on how to accommodate wind power into multiple regions,while simultaneously implementing economic and reliable dispatch for multi-area power system operation.The focus is on quantifying the operational risk brought by wind power uncertainty and at the same time accommodating wind power by coordinating multi-area generation and reserve resources.The reserve requirement of each area is calculated based on two indexes,namely,loss of load probability and wind spillage probability.Then,a generation-reserve cooptimization dispatch model that factors cross-regional wind power accommodation is proposed.The transmission margin and network security constraints of tie-lines are considered to systematically allocate reserve resources for all areas.Finally,optimality condition decomposition is used to decompose the dispatching model to achieve relatively independent regional scheduling,and to get the global optimization result.The reasonableness and effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated by a 6-bus 2-area test system and a 236-bus interconnected system.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFB0902200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1766201)State Grid Technology Project(No.SGGSKY00FJJS1600209)。
文摘For the planning,operation and control of multiterminal voltage source converter(VSC)based high-voltage direct current(HVDC)(VSC-MTDC)systems,an accurate power flow formulation is a key starting point.Conventional power flow formulations assume the constant frequencies for all asynchronous AC systems.Therefore,a new feature about the complex coupling relations between AC frequencies,DC voltages and the exchanged power via VSC stations cannot be characterized if VSC-MTDC systems are required to provide cross-regional frequency responses.To address this issue,this paper proposes a comprehensive frequency-dependent power flow formulation.The proposed approach takes the frequencies of asynchronous AC systems as explicit variables,and investigates the novel bus models of the interlinking buses of VSC stations.The proposed approach accommodates different operation modes and frequency droop strategies of VSC stations,and considers the power losses of VSC stations.The effectiveness and generality of the developed approach are validated by a 6-terminal VSC-HVDC test system.The test system presents the characteristics of the coexistence of numerous VSC operation modes,the absence of slack buses in both AC and DC subsystems,and diversified grid configurations such as point-to-point integration of renewable energy sources and one AC system integrated with multiple VSC stations.
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China Grant Nos.2020M670363,2020T130340the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant Nos.71790611,71774042the Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education of China Grant No.20YJC630243。
文摘Cross-regional allocation is necessary for the rational utilization and optimal allocation of resources.It is also the key to effective and sustainable disaster relief.Existing research,however,generally centers on emergency resource allocation only within territories or regions.This article proposes a multiperiod allocation optimization model for emergency resources based on regional selfrescue and cross-regional collaborative rescue efforts.The model targets the shortest delivery time and lowest allocation costs as its efficiency goals and the maximum coverage rate of resource allocation in the disaster-affected locations as its equity goal.An objective weighting fuzzy algorithm based on two-dimensional Euclidean distance is designed to solve the proposed model.A case study based on the Wenchuan Earthquake of 12 May 2008 was conducted to validate the proposed model.The results indicate that our proposed model allows for optimal,multiperiod cross-regional resource allocation by combining interterritorial and nearby allocation principles.Cross-regional relief makes resource allocation more equitable,minimizes dissatisfaction,and prevents losses.Different decision preferences appear to significantly affect the choice of resource allocation scheme employed,which provides flexibility for decision making in different emergencies.
文摘It is essential for cross-regional control and treatment of major epidemics to establish a collaborative,efficient,and precise collective response mechanism.Based on the observation of the COVID-19 epidemic,this paper concludes major measures and experience of cross-regional collective response for epidemic control and treatment,compares the difference between localities at home and abroad,and puts forwards major strategies for a cross-regional collective response,hoping to provide policy-making references to improve the modernization level of public health,epidemic prevention,and emergency management in China.
