Since the establishment of European Union （EU） on November 1, 1993, China has been developing its economic relations with EU at a rapid pace. The bilateral trade interdependency is enhanced correspondingly. However,...Since the establishment of European Union （EU） on November 1, 1993, China has been developing its economic relations with EU at a rapid pace. The bilateral trade interdependency is enhanced correspondingly. However, the Sino-European political relations are of cooperative and conflicting nature all the time. The political attitude of EU toward China becomes even more active with more defensive mind as the Sino-European relations underwent four stages of evolution, namely, long-term relations, constructive partnership, mature partnership and competitive partnership. Chinese government has always held an attitude of proactively developing relations with the EU. In 1998, China established the ＂cooperative partnership＂ with EU. In 2001, the cooperative partnership was upgraded into ＂comprehensive partnership＂. In 2003, China advocated the establishment of the ＂comprehensive strategic partnership＂ with Europe and established ＂strategic partnership＂ with many member states of EU. Despite the smooth development in Sino-European relations, the political relations between China and EU saw conflicts and frictions from time to time. For instance, European Parliament issued resolutions against China from time to time. With regard to certain important international political issues, China has sharply different opinions with EU.展开更多
The Vehicle Allocation Problem(VAP)in the vehicle sales chain has three bottlenecks in practice.The first is to collect relevant cooperation or conflict information,the second is to accurately quantify and analyze oth...The Vehicle Allocation Problem(VAP)in the vehicle sales chain has three bottlenecks in practice.The first is to collect relevant cooperation or conflict information,the second is to accurately quantify and analyze other factors affecting the distribution of cars,and the third is to establish a stable and rapid response to the vehicle allocation management method.In order to improve the real-time performance and reliability of vehicle allocation in the vehicle sales chain,it is crucial to find a method that can respond quickly and stabilize the vehicle allocation strategy.Therefore,this paper addresses these issues by extending Group Multi-Role Assignment with Cooperation and Conflict Factors(GMRACCF)from a new perspective.Through the logical reasoning of closure computation,the KD45 logic algorithm is used to find the implicit cognitive Cooperation and Conflict Factors(CCF).Therefore,a collaborative filtering comprehensive evaluation method is proposed to help administrators determine the influence weight of CCFs and Cooperation Scales(CSs)on the all-round performance according to their needs.Based on collaborative filtering,semantic modification is applied to resolve conflicts among qualifications.Large-scale simulation results show that the proposed method is feasible and robust,and provides a reliable decision-making reference in the vehicle sales chain.展开更多
The United States,Russia and China are militarily and economically among the most powerful countries in the post-Cold War period,and the interactions between the three powers heavily influence the international system...The United States,Russia and China are militarily and economically among the most powerful countries in the post-Cold War period,and the interactions between the three powers heavily influence the international system.However,different conclusions about this question are generally made by researchers through qualitative analysis,and it is necessary to objectively and quantitatively investigate their interactions.Monthly-aggregated event data from the Global Data on Events,Location and Tone(GDELT)to measure cooperative and conflictual interactions between the three powers,and the complementary cumulative distribution function(CCDF)and the vector autoregression(VAR)method are utilized to investigate their interactions in two periods:January,1991 to September,2001,and October,2001 to December,2016.The results of frequencies and strengths analysis showed that:the frequencies and strengths of USA-China interactions slightly exceeded those of USA-Russia interactions and became the dominant interactions in the second period.Although that cooperation prevailed in the three dyads in two periods,the conflictual interactions between the USA and Russia tended to be more intense in the second period,mainly related to the strategic contradiction between the USA and Russia,especially in Georgia,Ukraine and Syria.The results of CCDF indicated that similar probabilities in the cooperative behaviors between the three dyads,but the differences in the probabilities of conflictual behaviors in the USA-Russia dyad showed complicated characteristic,and those between Russia and China indicated that Russia had been consistently giving China a hard time in both periods when dealing with conflict.The USA was always an essential factor in affecting the interactions between Russia and China in both periods,but China’s behavior only played a limited role in influencing the interactions between the USA-Russia dyad.Our study provides quantitative insight into the direct cooperative and conflictual interactions between the three dyads since the end of the Cold War and helps to understand their interactions better.展开更多
文摘Since the establishment of European Union （EU） on November 1, 1993, China has been developing its economic relations with EU at a rapid pace. The bilateral trade interdependency is enhanced correspondingly. However, the Sino-European political relations are of cooperative and conflicting nature all the time. The political attitude of EU toward China becomes even more active with more defensive mind as the Sino-European relations underwent four stages of evolution, namely, long-term relations, constructive partnership, mature partnership and competitive partnership. Chinese government has always held an attitude of proactively developing relations with the EU. In 1998, China established the ＂cooperative partnership＂ with EU. In 2001, the cooperative partnership was upgraded into ＂comprehensive partnership＂. In 2003, China advocated the establishment of the ＂comprehensive strategic partnership＂ with Europe and established ＂strategic partnership＂ with many member states of EU. Despite the smooth development in Sino-European relations, the political relations between China and EU saw conflicts and frictions from time to time. For instance, European Parliament issued resolutions against China from time to time. With regard to certain important international political issues, China has sharply different opinions with EU.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3304400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62072120)+1 种基金the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(NSERC)of Canada(No.RGPIN2018-04818)the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cyber-Physical System(No.2020B1212060069).
文摘The Vehicle Allocation Problem(VAP)in the vehicle sales chain has three bottlenecks in practice.The first is to collect relevant cooperation or conflict information,the second is to accurately quantify and analyze other factors affecting the distribution of cars,and the third is to establish a stable and rapid response to the vehicle allocation management method.In order to improve the real-time performance and reliability of vehicle allocation in the vehicle sales chain,it is crucial to find a method that can respond quickly and stabilize the vehicle allocation strategy.Therefore,this paper addresses these issues by extending Group Multi-Role Assignment with Cooperation and Conflict Factors(GMRACCF)from a new perspective.Through the logical reasoning of closure computation,the KD45 logic algorithm is used to find the implicit cognitive Cooperation and Conflict Factors(CCF).Therefore,a collaborative filtering comprehensive evaluation method is proposed to help administrators determine the influence weight of CCFs and Cooperation Scales(CSs)on the all-round performance according to their needs.Based on collaborative filtering,semantic modification is applied to resolve conflicts among qualifications.Large-scale simulation results show that the proposed method is feasible and robust,and provides a reliable decision-making reference in the vehicle sales chain.
基金The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program,No.2019QZKK0608Talent Start Project of Beijing Normal University。
文摘The United States,Russia and China are militarily and economically among the most powerful countries in the post-Cold War period,and the interactions between the three powers heavily influence the international system.However,different conclusions about this question are generally made by researchers through qualitative analysis,and it is necessary to objectively and quantitatively investigate their interactions.Monthly-aggregated event data from the Global Data on Events,Location and Tone(GDELT)to measure cooperative and conflictual interactions between the three powers,and the complementary cumulative distribution function(CCDF)and the vector autoregression(VAR)method are utilized to investigate their interactions in two periods:January,1991 to September,2001,and October,2001 to December,2016.The results of frequencies and strengths analysis showed that:the frequencies and strengths of USA-China interactions slightly exceeded those of USA-Russia interactions and became the dominant interactions in the second period.Although that cooperation prevailed in the three dyads in two periods,the conflictual interactions between the USA and Russia tended to be more intense in the second period,mainly related to the strategic contradiction between the USA and Russia,especially in Georgia,Ukraine and Syria.The results of CCDF indicated that similar probabilities in the cooperative behaviors between the three dyads,but the differences in the probabilities of conflictual behaviors in the USA-Russia dyad showed complicated characteristic,and those between Russia and China indicated that Russia had been consistently giving China a hard time in both periods when dealing with conflict.The USA was always an essential factor in affecting the interactions between Russia and China in both periods,but China’s behavior only played a limited role in influencing the interactions between the USA-Russia dyad.Our study provides quantitative insight into the direct cooperative and conflictual interactions between the three dyads since the end of the Cold War and helps to understand their interactions better.
