Epilepsy is a severe,relapsing,and multifactorial neurological disorder.Studies regarding the accurate diagnosis,prognosis,and in-depth pathogenesis are crucial for the precise and effective treatment of epilepsy.The ...Epilepsy is a severe,relapsing,and multifactorial neurological disorder.Studies regarding the accurate diagnosis,prognosis,and in-depth pathogenesis are crucial for the precise and effective treatment of epilepsy.The pathogenesis of epilepsy is complex and involves alterations in variables such as gene expression,protein expression,ion channel activity,energy metabolites,and gut microbiota composition.Satisfactory results are lacking for conventional treatments for epilepsy.Surgical resection of lesions,drug therapy,and non-drug interventions are mainly used in clinical practice to treat pain associated with epilepsy.Non-pharmacological treatments,such as a ketogenic diet,gene therapy for nerve regeneration,and neural regulation,are currently areas of research focus.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis,diagnostic methods,and treatments of epilepsy.It also elaborates on the theoretical basis,treatment modes,and effects of invasive nerve stimulation in neurotherapy,including percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation,deep brain electrical stimulation,repetitive nerve electrical stimulation,in addition to non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation.Numerous studies have shown that electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy can markedly improve neurological function and reduce the frequency of epileptic seizures.Additionally,many new technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy are being explored.However,current research is mainly focused on analyzing patients’clinical manifestations and exploring relevant diagnostic and treatment methods to study the pathogenesis at a molecular level,which has led to a lack of consensus regarding the mechanisms related to the disease.展开更多
Excellent progress has been made in the last few decades in the cure rates of pediatric malignancies,with more than 80%of children with cancer who have access to contemporary treatment being cured.However,the therapie...Excellent progress has been made in the last few decades in the cure rates of pediatric malignancies,with more than 80%of children with cancer who have access to contemporary treatment being cured.However,the therapies responsible for this survival can also produce adverse physical and psychological long-term outcomes,referred to as late effects,which appear months to years after the completion of cancer treatment.Research has shown that 60%to 90%of childhood cancer survivors(CCSs)develop one or more chronic health conditions,and 20%to 80%of survivors experience severe or life-threatening complications during adulthood.Therefore,understanding the late side effects of such treatments is important to improve the health and quality of life of the growing population of CCSs.展开更多
Ti-6Al-4Zr-2Sn-6Mo alloy is one of the most recent titanium alloys processed using powder bed fusion-laser beam(PBF-LB)technology.This alloy has the potential to replace Ti-6Al-4V in automotive and aerospace applicati...Ti-6Al-4Zr-2Sn-6Mo alloy is one of the most recent titanium alloys processed using powder bed fusion-laser beam(PBF-LB)technology.This alloy has the potential to replace Ti-6Al-4V in automotive and aerospace applications,given its superior mechanical properties,which are approximately 10%higher in terms of ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and yield strength after appropriate heat treatment.In as-built conditions,the alloy is characterized by the presence of soft orthorhombicα″martensite,necessitating a postprocessing heat treatment to decompose this phase and enhance the mechanical properties of the alloy.Usually,PBFed Ti6246 components undergo an annealing process that transforms theα″martensite into anα-βlamellar microstructure.The primary objective of this research was to develop a solution treatment and aging(STA)heat treatment tailored to the unique microstructure produced by the additive manufacturing process to achieve an ultrafine bilamellar microstructure reinforced by precipitation hardening.This study investigated the effects of various solution temperatures in theα-βfield(ranging from 800 to 875℃),cooling media(air and water),and aging time to determine the optimal heat treatment parameters for achieving the desired bilamellar microstructure.For each heat treatment condition,differentα-βmicrostructures were found,varying in terms of theα/βratio and the size of the primaryα-phase lamellae.Particular attention was given to how these factors were influenced by increases in solution temperature and how microhardness correlated with the percentage of the metastableβphase present after quenching.Tensile tests were performed on samples subjected to the most promising heat treatment parameters.A comparison with literature data revealed that the optimized STA treatment enhanced hardness and UTS by13%and 23%,respectively,compared with those of the annealed alloy.Fracture surface analyses were conducted to investigate fracture mechanisms.展开更多
In this editorial we examine the article by Wu et al published in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.Surgical resection for peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer(CRC)has been gradually accepted in t...In this editorial we examine the article by Wu et al published in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.Surgical resection for peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer(CRC)has been gradually accepted in the medical oncology community.A randomized trial(PRODIGE 7)on cytoreductive surgery(CRS)with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC)failed to prove any benefit of oxaliplatin in the overall survival of patients with peritoneal metastases from colorectal origin.Nevertheless,isolated systemic chemotherapy for CRC stage IV has demonstrated a reduced response in peritoneal metastases than that obtained in other metastatic sites such as the liver.Another tool is required in those patients to achieve more local control of the disease.Surgical groups in peritoneal surgery continue to use HIPEC in their procedures,using other agents than oxaliplatin for peritoneal cavity infusion,such as mitomycin C.These patients present with complex surgical issues to manage,and consequently a large burden of complications has to be anticipated.Therefore,identifying patients who will benefit from CRS with or without HIPEC would be of great interest.展开更多
This study examines the pivotal findings of the network meta-analysis of Zhou et al,which evaluated the efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy and combination therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinom...This study examines the pivotal findings of the network meta-analysis of Zhou et al,which evaluated the efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy and combination therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).This meta-analysis suggests that therapeutic combinations have greater efficacy than do standard treatments.The article highlights the key insights that have the potential to shift current clinical practice and enhance outcomes for patients with advanced HCC.Additionally,this article discusses further research that can be conducted to optimize these treatments and achieve personalized care for patients with HCC.展开更多
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) refers to the bleeding caused by the digestive tract above the flexor ligament, including esophageal, gastric, duodenal, pancreatic and biliary diseases, and lesions after gastro...Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) refers to the bleeding caused by the digestive tract above the flexor ligament, including esophageal, gastric, duodenal, pancreatic and biliary diseases, and lesions after gastrojejunostomy. UGIB is one of the common diseases in the clinical work of gastroenterology. There are many causes that can lead to upper gastrointestinal bleeding, which are mainly divided into two categories: one is non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB), and the other is variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (VUGIB). This article reviews various causes of UGIB and the latest progress in treatment, aiming to improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment in future clinical work, and reduce the risk of rebleeding and mortality.展开更多
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. The term epidemiology generally deals with the branch of medicine and treatment that deals with a specific incident. Thus, considering the topic of breast...Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. The term epidemiology generally deals with the branch of medicine and treatment that deals with a specific incident. Thus, considering the topic of breast cancer, this particular study deals with the distribution, determinants, and frequency of the disease. Breast cancer incidence and death data are critical to determining healthcare priorities. Women’s cancer is the most common, accounting for 25.1 percent of all malignancies. According to this specific report, more than 42,000 women die from breast cancer each year. Hence, it is apparent that it is the second leading cause of death among women, especially in the US. Family history/genetics, reproductive, hormone, benign proliferative breast disease, and mammographic density are the four main risk factors for breast cancer that can be meaningfully categorized. These elements are briefly discussed, and the risk estimators are provided. Numerous screening technologies have found breast cancer;some are linked to an increased risk of breast cancer, such as ultrasound techniques and MRI scanning. Breast cancer is more common in developed countries, while relative mortality is highest in developing countries. Women’s education is recommended for early detection and treatment in all nations. Health policymakers must prioritize plans to control and prevent this malignancy and increase awareness of risk factors and early detection in less developed countries.展开更多
Heat treatment processes, such as annealing and quenching, are crucial in determining residual stress evolution, microstructural changes and mechanical properties of metallic materials, with residual stresses playing ...Heat treatment processes, such as annealing and quenching, are crucial in determining residual stress evolution, microstructural changes and mechanical properties of metallic materials, with residual stresses playing a greater role in the performance of components. This paper investigates the effect of heat treatment on residual stresses induced in AISI 1025, manufactured using LENS. Finite element model was developed and simulated to analyze residual stress development. AISI 1025 samples suitable for tool and die applications in Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) filament production, were fabricated using Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) process, followed by heat treatment where annealing and quenching processes were done. The material’s microstructure, residual stress and hardness of heat-treated samples under investigation, were compared against the as-built samples. The results indicated that after annealing, tensile residual stresses were reduced by 93%, resulting in a reduced crack growth rate, compared to the as-built sample, although the hardness was reduced significantly by 25%. On the other hand, high tensile residual stresses of 425 ± 14 MPa were recorded after quenching process with an improvement of hardness by 21%.展开更多
Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a benign neoplasm that develops from the constituent elements of the prostate. It is a common age-related condition, with more than 50% of men over 50 years old exhi...Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a benign neoplasm that develops from the constituent elements of the prostate. It is a common age-related condition, with more than 50% of men over 50 years old exhibiting symptoms indicative of BPH. It is the main cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive and longitudinal study over a six-month period from December 15, 2023, to May 15, 2024. All patients admitted for BPH and who received medication treatment during this period were included in the study. Results: The average age of patients was 65.4 years, with the 60 to 69-year age group being the most represented (37.18%). There was no statistical link between the level of education and the occurrence of erection dysfunction ED. 66.67% of patients suffered from ED before treatment. Age was a major risk factor. 94.87% of patients were treated with Alpha-blockers due to their tolerance and effectiveness. 14.10% of patients had a history of inguinal herniorrhaphy, often due to the strain of urination and physical labor. 46.16% of patients had hypertension. No significant link was found between comorbidities and ED. 38.45% of patients consumed tobacco or alcohol. Tobacco was a significant risk factor for ED. 57.67% of patients suffered from ED after treatment, indicating an improvement compared to 66.67% before treatment. However, 24.36% did not ejaculate during sexual intercourse. Conclusion: Medication treatment is the first-line treatment for BPH. However, it can lead to retrograde ejaculation, negatively impacting ejaculatory function. The results showed that the treatment improves patients’ sexuality (IIEF-5 score), but age and tobacco consumption increase the risk of sexual dysfunction.展开更多
Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a growing health issue in Bangladesh, with significant complications affecting the quality of life (QoL). This study aims to assess long-term complications, treatment patterns, an...Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a growing health issue in Bangladesh, with significant complications affecting the quality of life (QoL). This study aims to assess long-term complications, treatment patterns, and QoL of diabetic patients during COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 diabetic patients (aged 18-80) from tertiary hospitals in Dhaka and Mymensingh between May and October 2022. Data were collected via a semi-structured questionnaire on sociodemographics, complications, treatment patterns, and QoL (SF-12 scale). Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and linear regression were used for inferential analysis. Results: The sample predominantly included middle-aged males (41 - 55 years) with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy (34.5%), polyneuropathy (32.2%), and hypertension (52.3%) were the most common complications. Oral medications were used by 59.7% of patients, with 29.1% on insulin. Chi-square analysis showed a significant association between treatment adherence and complications (p β = 0.45, p Conclusion: Complications in diabetic patients significantly affect QoL in Bangladesh. Treatment adherence, especially with oral medications, positively impacts QoL. There is a need for improved access to diabetes care to manage complications and enhance the overall well-being of diabetic patients.展开更多
Bcakground: Pancreatic pseudocyst (PPC) is a common complication arising from acute or chronic pancreatitis, trauma, or pancreatic duct obstruction. When acute fluid collection persists for 4 - 6 weeks and is encapsul...Bcakground: Pancreatic pseudocyst (PPC) is a common complication arising from acute or chronic pancreatitis, trauma, or pancreatic duct obstruction. When acute fluid collection persists for 4 - 6 weeks and is encapsulated by a fibrous wall, it is classified as a pancreatic pseudocyst. While PPC is generally asymptomatic in many patients, it can manifest with persistent abdominal pain, dyspepsia, intra-cystic infection, and potentially lead to gastrointestinal obstruction in some cases. Although smaller PPCs may resolve spontaneously, larger PPCs tend to be refractory to absorption and often necessitate surgical intervention to prevent complications such as intracystic hemorrhage. Objective: To explore the efficacy of percutaneous catheterization with negative pressure in the treatment of large pancreatic pseudocysts. Methods: The cases of large pancreatic pseudocysts treated in our hospital from 2004 to 2022 were retrospectively collected, and the general condition, operation time, drainage time, feeding time, postoperative complications, hospital stay, cost and follow-up of the patients were analyzed. Results: A total of 132 patients with large pancreatic pseudocysts were collected. The average operation time was 32.4 ± 2.1 min;The retention time of the drainage tube was 30 ± 1.8 days in the percutaneous negative pressure drainage group;The postoperative feeding time was no fasting after local anesthesia drainage;Postoperative complications (bleeding, infection, pancreatic leakage, recurrence, anastomotic leakage, etc.): Two of the 132 patients had recurrent cysts, which were cured by re-puncture and negative pressure drainage. The length of hospital stay was 6 ± 1.1 days;The cost was 11,200 ± 1300 yuan;Follow-up: The follow-up time ranged from 1 to 3 years, and the patients had no discomfort. Conclusion: Percutaneous catheterization and negative pressure drainage can effectively treat large pancreatic pseudocysts. Compared with other treatment methods, it is simple and effective, the postoperative recovery of patients is faster, the physical damage is less, the hospital stay is shorter, and the cost is lower.展开更多
Periprosthetic fracture of femur is a common and complex complication after joint replacement. With the increase of operation volume, its incidence is increasing year by year. The treatment of this fracture is affecte...Periprosthetic fracture of femur is a common and complex complication after joint replacement. With the increase of operation volume, its incidence is increasing year by year. The treatment of this fracture is affected by many factors, including fracture type, prosthesis stability, patient age and comorbidities, and individualized treatment strategy is needed. In recent years, the internal fixation technology and prosthetic revision technology have made significant progress in surgical treatment, such as locking steel plate, titanium cable and bridge combined internal fixation system and other new technologies have effectively improved the treatment effect. In addition, the application of new materials and 3D printing technology, as well as the optimization of multidisciplinary cooperation mode, also provide new ideas for the treatment of complex fractures. However, there are still some problems such as inaccurate diagnosis, difficult choice of treatment options and high incidence of postoperative complications. In the future, technological innovation, the introduction of artificial intelligence and big data, and the further development of personalized treatment will bring more possibilities to improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients. This study summarizes the relevant research results and prospects the future development direction, providing references for clinical practice and subsequent research.展开更多
BACKGROUND There is a lack of clinical evidence on the efficacy and safety of transitioning from a thrice-daily pre-mixed insulin or basal-prandial regimen to insulin degludec/aspart(IDegAsp)therapy,with insufficient ...BACKGROUND There is a lack of clinical evidence on the efficacy and safety of transitioning from a thrice-daily pre-mixed insulin or basal-prandial regimen to insulin degludec/aspart(IDegAsp)therapy,with insufficient data from the Chinese population.AIM To demonstrate the efficacy,safety,and treatment satisfaction associated with the transition to IDegAsp in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS In this 12-week open-label,non-randomized,single-center,pilot study,patients with T2DM receiving thrice-daily insulin or intensive insulin treatment were transitioned to twice-daily injections of insulin IDegAsp.Insulin doses,hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)levels,fasting blood glucose(FBG),hypoglycemic events,a Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire,and other parameters were assessed at baseline and 12-weeks.RESULTS This study included 21 participants.A marked enhancement was observed in the FBG level(P=0.02),daily total insulin dose(P=0.03),and overall diabetes treatment satisfaction(P<0.01)in the participants who switched to IDegAsp.There was a decrease in HbA1c levels(7.6±1.1 vs 7.4±0.9,P=0.31)and the frequency of hypoglycemic events of those who switched to IDegAsp decreased,however,there was no statistically significant difference.CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that treatment with IDegAsp enhances clinical outcomes,particularly FBG levels,daily cumulative insulin dose,and overall satisfaction with diabetes treatment.展开更多
Our previous studies have reported that activation of the NLRP3(NOD-,LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3)-inflammasome complex in ethanol-treated astrocytes and chronic alcohol-fed mice could be associated with ...Our previous studies have reported that activation of the NLRP3(NOD-,LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3)-inflammasome complex in ethanol-treated astrocytes and chronic alcohol-fed mice could be associated with neuroinflammation and brain damage.Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles(MSC-EVs)have been shown to restore the neuroinflammatory response,along with myelin and synaptic structural alterations in the prefrontal cortex,and alleviate cognitive and memory dysfunctions induced by binge-like ethanol treatment in adolescent mice.Considering the therapeutic role of the molecules contained in mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles,the present study analyzed whether the administration of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles isolated from adipose tissue,which inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome,was capable of reducing hippocampal neuroinflammation in adolescent mice treated with binge drinking.We demonstrated that the administration of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorated the activation of the hippocampal NLRP3 inflammasome complex and other NLRs inflammasomes(e.g.,pyrin domain-containing 1,caspase recruitment domain-containing 4,and absent in melanoma 2,as well as the alterations in inflammatory genes(interleukin-1β,interleukin-18,inducible nitric oxide synthase,nuclear factor-kappa B,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,and C–X3–C motif chemokine ligand 1)and miRNAs(miR-21a-5p,miR-146a-5p,and miR-141-5p)induced by binge-like ethanol treatment in adolescent mice.Bioinformatic analysis further revealed the involvement of miR-21a-5p and miR-146a-5p with inflammatory target genes and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways.Taken together,these findings provide novel evidence of the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived EVs to ameliorate the hippocampal neuroinflammatory response associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by binge drinking in adolescence.展开更多
Neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)are relatively rare tumors that arise from peptidergic neurons and neuroendocrine cells.NENs are highly heterogeneous and can occur in any part of the body,with a particular prevalence in...Neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)are relatively rare tumors that arise from peptidergic neurons and neuroendocrine cells.NENs are highly heterogeneous and can occur in any part of the body,with a particular prevalence in the digestive system.NENs consist of a range of tumor types and the biological behaviors exhibit significant differences.NENs are classified into well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors(NETs)and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas(NECs).NETs can be further classified and graded into the following three categories:low-grade NETs,grade 1(NET G1);intermediate-grade NET G2;and high-grade NET G3.NECs include large cell-type NEC(LCNEC)and small cell-type NEC(SCNEC),both of which are considered high grade.Currently,the main treatments for advanced NENs are biological treatments,targeted therapy,chemotherapy,and newer treatments that are still under development,such as immunotherapy and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy(PRRT).However,owing to the rarity of NENs,pharmaceutical company investment is limited and few phase Ⅲ studies have targeted advanced NENs.Most current research consists of investigator-initiated phase Ⅰ and Ⅱ clinical trials or largescale retrospective studies.NEN treatment should be chosen carefully because it is cumbersome and complicated,as indicated above.Herein,we comprehensively summarize the clinical application status and research progress for advanced NEN treatment regimens,especially for advanced NETs,which may help to create awareness on NENs among medical professionals across specialties.展开更多
Wastewater electrolysis cells(WECs)for decentralized wastewater treatment/reuse coupled with H_(2) production can reduce the carbon footprint associated with transportation of water,waste,and energy carrier.This study...Wastewater electrolysis cells(WECs)for decentralized wastewater treatment/reuse coupled with H_(2) production can reduce the carbon footprint associated with transportation of water,waste,and energy carrier.This study reports Ir-doped NiFe_(2)O_(4)(NFI,~5 at%Ir)spinel layer with TiO_(2) overlayer(NFI/TiO_(2)),as a scalable heterojunction anode for direct electrolysis of wastewater with circumneutral pH in a single-compartment cell.In dilute(0.1 M)NaCl solutions,the NFI/TiO_(2) marks superior activity and selectivity for chlorine evolution reaction,outperforming the benchmark IrO_(2).Robust operation in near-neutral pH was confirmed.Electroanalyses including operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy unveiled crucial roles of TiO_(2) which serves both as the primary site for Cl−chemisorption and a protective layer for NFI as an ohmic contact.Galvanostatic electrolysis of NH4+-laden synthetic wastewater demonstrated that NFI/TiO_(2)not only achieves quasi-stoichiometric NH_(4)^(+)-to-N_(2)conversion,but also enhances H_(2)generation efficiency with minimal competing reactions such as reduction of dissolved oxygen and reactive chlorine.The scaled-up WEC with NFI/TiO_(2)was demonstrated for electrolysis of toilet wastewater.展开更多
BACKGROUND Thymic epithelial neoplasms are rare malignant neoplasms originating in the thymus gland.There have been case reports of patients with advanced thymomas treated with a methylprednisolone pulse or with gluco...BACKGROUND Thymic epithelial neoplasms are rare malignant neoplasms originating in the thymus gland.There have been case reports of patients with advanced thymomas treated with a methylprednisolone pulse or with glucocorticoid(GCs)shock be-fore surgery,followed by surgical treatment,all of whom achieved good results.The effect of GCs on thymomas is related mainly to the action on GC receptors in thymic lymphocytes and epithelial cells.GC receptor expression has been asso-ciated with a better prognosis in patients with thymomas,including those with surgically removed thymomas.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a patient with thymoma who had a significant response to preoperative low-dose GC therapy.A mediastinal tumor was detected in the patient via computerized tomography upon admission.The tumor was initially suspected to be a thymic tumor,but lymphoma could not be ruled out.The tumor shrank significantly after low-dose(5 mg/day)GC therapy.Thoracoscopic thy-moma resection was performed after puncture pathology was confirmed.The patient recovered well after the operation and is currently performing well with no recurrence of the tumor.CONCLUSION This case highlights that low-dose GCs are effective in the treatment of thymomas,and we believe that GCs should be applied more frequently and studied more thoroughly in the treatment of thymomas.展开更多
BACKGROUND Emergency medical care is essential in preventing morbidity and mortality,especially when interventions are time-sensitive and require immediate access to supplies and trained personnel.AIM To assess the tr...BACKGROUND Emergency medical care is essential in preventing morbidity and mortality,especially when interventions are time-sensitive and require immediate access to supplies and trained personnel.AIM To assess the treatment rates of eye emergencies in Africa.Ocular emergencies are particularly delicate due to the eye’s intricate structure and the necessity for its refractive components to remain transparent.METHODS This review examines the low treatment rates of eye emergencies in Africa,drawing on 96 records extracted from the PubMed database using predetermined search criteria.RESULTS The epidemiology of ocular injuries,as detailed in the studies,reveals significant relationships between the incidence and prevalence of eye injuries and factors such as age,gender,and occupation.The causes of eye emergencies range from accidents to gender-based violence and insect or animal attacks.Management approaches reported in the review include both surgical and non-surgical interventions,from medication to evisceration or enucleation of the eye.Preventive measures emphasize eye health education and the use of protective eyewear and facial protection.However,inadequate healthcare infrastructure and personnel,cultural and geographical barriers,and socioeconomic and behavioral factors hinder the effective prevention,service uptake,and management of eye emergencies.CONCLUSION The authors recommend developing eye health policies,enhancing community engagement,improving healthcare personnel training and retention,and increasing funding for eye care programs as solutions to address the low treatment rate of eye emergencies in Africa.展开更多
Fe(Al,Ta)/Fe_(2)Ta(Al)eutectic composites with solidification rates of 6,20,30,and 80μm/s were prepared by a modified Bridgman directional solidification technology.The coarse Fe_(2)Ta(Al)Laves phase was precipitated...Fe(Al,Ta)/Fe_(2)Ta(Al)eutectic composites with solidification rates of 6,20,30,and 80μm/s were prepared by a modified Bridgman directional solidification technology.The coarse Fe_(2)Ta(Al)Laves phase was precipitated at the eutectic colony boundary during the solidification process,which can affect the stability of microstructure and properties of the composites.The coarse Laves phase was refined using different heat treatment processes in the present paper.The influences of different heat treatment parameters on the Laves phase content,lamella/rod spacing,and mechanical properties were investigated in detail.In addition,the corrosion behaviors of Fe(Al,Ta)/Fe_(2)Ta(Al)eutectic composites before and after being annealed heat treatment in a 3 g/L Na_(2)S_(2)O_(3)solution were also studied.It is shown that both the content of Laves phase and lamella/rod spacing are gradually decreased after heat treatment.Micro-hardness is decreased,while the yield strength,compressive strength,and corrosion resistance are improved.The optimum heat treatment process is selected as well.展开更多
BACKGROUND Data on clinical characteristics,treatment outcomes,and prognosis of pancreatic primitive neuroectodermal tumors(PNETs)are limited.AIM To analyze the clinical data of 30 patients with pancreatic PNETs to id...BACKGROUND Data on clinical characteristics,treatment outcomes,and prognosis of pancreatic primitive neuroectodermal tumors(PNETs)are limited.AIM To analyze the clinical data of 30 patients with pancreatic PNETs to identify their clinical characteristics and factors associated with prognosis.METHODS We used the keywords"primary neuroectodermal tumor,""digestive tract,""pancreas,""pancreatic,"and"gastrointestinal,"individually or in combination,to collect data from a global database for all patients with pancreatic PNET to date.Univariate and Cox regression analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors for patient survival.RESULTS A total of 30 cases of pancreatic PNET were included in this study:15 males and 15 females with a mean age of 24 years.The main symptom was abdominal pain(73.3%),and the median tumor size was 7.85 cm.Twenty-four patients(80.0%)underwent surgery and nineteen patients received adjuvant therapy.Local metastasis was observed in 13 patients(43.3%),lymph node metastasis in 10 patients(33.3%),and distant metastasis in 6 patients(20.0%).Local recurrence was observed in 13 patients(43.3%).The median survival time of all patients was 29.4 months,and the overall estimated 1-year and 3-year survival rates were approximately 66.0%and 36.4%,respectively.Univariate analysis showed that chemotherapy(P=0.036),local metastasis(P=0.041),lymph node metastasis(P=0.003),distant metastasis(P=0.049),and surgical margins(P=0.048)were the prognostic factors affecting survival.Multivariate analysis revealed only lymph node metastasis(P=0.012)as a prognostic factor.CONCLUSION Pancreatic PNET is extremely rare,occurs in young adults,has no apparent sex predisposition,has a high rate of metastasis and early recurrence,and has a very poor prognosis.The diagnosis of pancreatic PNET requires a combination of clinical symptoms,pathologic features,immunohistochemistry,and cytogenetic analysis.Univariate analysis suggested that chemotherapy,metastasis,and surgical margins were prognostic factors affecting survival,and multivariate analysis suggested that lymph node metastasis is an important prognostic factor.Therefore,early diagnosis,early and extensive resection,and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy may help improve prognosis.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32130060(to XG).
文摘Epilepsy is a severe,relapsing,and multifactorial neurological disorder.Studies regarding the accurate diagnosis,prognosis,and in-depth pathogenesis are crucial for the precise and effective treatment of epilepsy.The pathogenesis of epilepsy is complex and involves alterations in variables such as gene expression,protein expression,ion channel activity,energy metabolites,and gut microbiota composition.Satisfactory results are lacking for conventional treatments for epilepsy.Surgical resection of lesions,drug therapy,and non-drug interventions are mainly used in clinical practice to treat pain associated with epilepsy.Non-pharmacological treatments,such as a ketogenic diet,gene therapy for nerve regeneration,and neural regulation,are currently areas of research focus.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis,diagnostic methods,and treatments of epilepsy.It also elaborates on the theoretical basis,treatment modes,and effects of invasive nerve stimulation in neurotherapy,including percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation,deep brain electrical stimulation,repetitive nerve electrical stimulation,in addition to non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation.Numerous studies have shown that electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy can markedly improve neurological function and reduce the frequency of epileptic seizures.Additionally,many new technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy are being explored.However,current research is mainly focused on analyzing patients’clinical manifestations and exploring relevant diagnostic and treatment methods to study the pathogenesis at a molecular level,which has led to a lack of consensus regarding the mechanisms related to the disease.
文摘Excellent progress has been made in the last few decades in the cure rates of pediatric malignancies,with more than 80%of children with cancer who have access to contemporary treatment being cured.However,the therapies responsible for this survival can also produce adverse physical and psychological long-term outcomes,referred to as late effects,which appear months to years after the completion of cancer treatment.Research has shown that 60%to 90%of childhood cancer survivors(CCSs)develop one or more chronic health conditions,and 20%to 80%of survivors experience severe or life-threatening complications during adulthood.Therefore,understanding the late side effects of such treatments is important to improve the health and quality of life of the growing population of CCSs.
基金financed by the European Union-Next Generation EU(National Sustainable Mobility Center CN00000023,Italian Ministry of University and Research Decree n.1033-17/06/2022,Spoke 11-Innovative Materials&Lightweighting)。
文摘Ti-6Al-4Zr-2Sn-6Mo alloy is one of the most recent titanium alloys processed using powder bed fusion-laser beam(PBF-LB)technology.This alloy has the potential to replace Ti-6Al-4V in automotive and aerospace applications,given its superior mechanical properties,which are approximately 10%higher in terms of ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and yield strength after appropriate heat treatment.In as-built conditions,the alloy is characterized by the presence of soft orthorhombicα″martensite,necessitating a postprocessing heat treatment to decompose this phase and enhance the mechanical properties of the alloy.Usually,PBFed Ti6246 components undergo an annealing process that transforms theα″martensite into anα-βlamellar microstructure.The primary objective of this research was to develop a solution treatment and aging(STA)heat treatment tailored to the unique microstructure produced by the additive manufacturing process to achieve an ultrafine bilamellar microstructure reinforced by precipitation hardening.This study investigated the effects of various solution temperatures in theα-βfield(ranging from 800 to 875℃),cooling media(air and water),and aging time to determine the optimal heat treatment parameters for achieving the desired bilamellar microstructure.For each heat treatment condition,differentα-βmicrostructures were found,varying in terms of theα/βratio and the size of the primaryα-phase lamellae.Particular attention was given to how these factors were influenced by increases in solution temperature and how microhardness correlated with the percentage of the metastableβphase present after quenching.Tensile tests were performed on samples subjected to the most promising heat treatment parameters.A comparison with literature data revealed that the optimized STA treatment enhanced hardness and UTS by13%and 23%,respectively,compared with those of the annealed alloy.Fracture surface analyses were conducted to investigate fracture mechanisms.
文摘In this editorial we examine the article by Wu et al published in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.Surgical resection for peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer(CRC)has been gradually accepted in the medical oncology community.A randomized trial(PRODIGE 7)on cytoreductive surgery(CRS)with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC)failed to prove any benefit of oxaliplatin in the overall survival of patients with peritoneal metastases from colorectal origin.Nevertheless,isolated systemic chemotherapy for CRC stage IV has demonstrated a reduced response in peritoneal metastases than that obtained in other metastatic sites such as the liver.Another tool is required in those patients to achieve more local control of the disease.Surgical groups in peritoneal surgery continue to use HIPEC in their procedures,using other agents than oxaliplatin for peritoneal cavity infusion,such as mitomycin C.These patients present with complex surgical issues to manage,and consequently a large burden of complications has to be anticipated.Therefore,identifying patients who will benefit from CRS with or without HIPEC would be of great interest.
文摘This study examines the pivotal findings of the network meta-analysis of Zhou et al,which evaluated the efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy and combination therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).This meta-analysis suggests that therapeutic combinations have greater efficacy than do standard treatments.The article highlights the key insights that have the potential to shift current clinical practice and enhance outcomes for patients with advanced HCC.Additionally,this article discusses further research that can be conducted to optimize these treatments and achieve personalized care for patients with HCC.
文摘Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) refers to the bleeding caused by the digestive tract above the flexor ligament, including esophageal, gastric, duodenal, pancreatic and biliary diseases, and lesions after gastrojejunostomy. UGIB is one of the common diseases in the clinical work of gastroenterology. There are many causes that can lead to upper gastrointestinal bleeding, which are mainly divided into two categories: one is non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB), and the other is variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (VUGIB). This article reviews various causes of UGIB and the latest progress in treatment, aiming to improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment in future clinical work, and reduce the risk of rebleeding and mortality.
文摘Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. The term epidemiology generally deals with the branch of medicine and treatment that deals with a specific incident. Thus, considering the topic of breast cancer, this particular study deals with the distribution, determinants, and frequency of the disease. Breast cancer incidence and death data are critical to determining healthcare priorities. Women’s cancer is the most common, accounting for 25.1 percent of all malignancies. According to this specific report, more than 42,000 women die from breast cancer each year. Hence, it is apparent that it is the second leading cause of death among women, especially in the US. Family history/genetics, reproductive, hormone, benign proliferative breast disease, and mammographic density are the four main risk factors for breast cancer that can be meaningfully categorized. These elements are briefly discussed, and the risk estimators are provided. Numerous screening technologies have found breast cancer;some are linked to an increased risk of breast cancer, such as ultrasound techniques and MRI scanning. Breast cancer is more common in developed countries, while relative mortality is highest in developing countries. Women’s education is recommended for early detection and treatment in all nations. Health policymakers must prioritize plans to control and prevent this malignancy and increase awareness of risk factors and early detection in less developed countries.
文摘Heat treatment processes, such as annealing and quenching, are crucial in determining residual stress evolution, microstructural changes and mechanical properties of metallic materials, with residual stresses playing a greater role in the performance of components. This paper investigates the effect of heat treatment on residual stresses induced in AISI 1025, manufactured using LENS. Finite element model was developed and simulated to analyze residual stress development. AISI 1025 samples suitable for tool and die applications in Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) filament production, were fabricated using Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) process, followed by heat treatment where annealing and quenching processes were done. The material’s microstructure, residual stress and hardness of heat-treated samples under investigation, were compared against the as-built samples. The results indicated that after annealing, tensile residual stresses were reduced by 93%, resulting in a reduced crack growth rate, compared to the as-built sample, although the hardness was reduced significantly by 25%. On the other hand, high tensile residual stresses of 425 ± 14 MPa were recorded after quenching process with an improvement of hardness by 21%.
文摘Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a benign neoplasm that develops from the constituent elements of the prostate. It is a common age-related condition, with more than 50% of men over 50 years old exhibiting symptoms indicative of BPH. It is the main cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive and longitudinal study over a six-month period from December 15, 2023, to May 15, 2024. All patients admitted for BPH and who received medication treatment during this period were included in the study. Results: The average age of patients was 65.4 years, with the 60 to 69-year age group being the most represented (37.18%). There was no statistical link between the level of education and the occurrence of erection dysfunction ED. 66.67% of patients suffered from ED before treatment. Age was a major risk factor. 94.87% of patients were treated with Alpha-blockers due to their tolerance and effectiveness. 14.10% of patients had a history of inguinal herniorrhaphy, often due to the strain of urination and physical labor. 46.16% of patients had hypertension. No significant link was found between comorbidities and ED. 38.45% of patients consumed tobacco or alcohol. Tobacco was a significant risk factor for ED. 57.67% of patients suffered from ED after treatment, indicating an improvement compared to 66.67% before treatment. However, 24.36% did not ejaculate during sexual intercourse. Conclusion: Medication treatment is the first-line treatment for BPH. However, it can lead to retrograde ejaculation, negatively impacting ejaculatory function. The results showed that the treatment improves patients’ sexuality (IIEF-5 score), but age and tobacco consumption increase the risk of sexual dysfunction.
文摘Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a growing health issue in Bangladesh, with significant complications affecting the quality of life (QoL). This study aims to assess long-term complications, treatment patterns, and QoL of diabetic patients during COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 diabetic patients (aged 18-80) from tertiary hospitals in Dhaka and Mymensingh between May and October 2022. Data were collected via a semi-structured questionnaire on sociodemographics, complications, treatment patterns, and QoL (SF-12 scale). Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and linear regression were used for inferential analysis. Results: The sample predominantly included middle-aged males (41 - 55 years) with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy (34.5%), polyneuropathy (32.2%), and hypertension (52.3%) were the most common complications. Oral medications were used by 59.7% of patients, with 29.1% on insulin. Chi-square analysis showed a significant association between treatment adherence and complications (p β = 0.45, p Conclusion: Complications in diabetic patients significantly affect QoL in Bangladesh. Treatment adherence, especially with oral medications, positively impacts QoL. There is a need for improved access to diabetes care to manage complications and enhance the overall well-being of diabetic patients.
文摘Bcakground: Pancreatic pseudocyst (PPC) is a common complication arising from acute or chronic pancreatitis, trauma, or pancreatic duct obstruction. When acute fluid collection persists for 4 - 6 weeks and is encapsulated by a fibrous wall, it is classified as a pancreatic pseudocyst. While PPC is generally asymptomatic in many patients, it can manifest with persistent abdominal pain, dyspepsia, intra-cystic infection, and potentially lead to gastrointestinal obstruction in some cases. Although smaller PPCs may resolve spontaneously, larger PPCs tend to be refractory to absorption and often necessitate surgical intervention to prevent complications such as intracystic hemorrhage. Objective: To explore the efficacy of percutaneous catheterization with negative pressure in the treatment of large pancreatic pseudocysts. Methods: The cases of large pancreatic pseudocysts treated in our hospital from 2004 to 2022 were retrospectively collected, and the general condition, operation time, drainage time, feeding time, postoperative complications, hospital stay, cost and follow-up of the patients were analyzed. Results: A total of 132 patients with large pancreatic pseudocysts were collected. The average operation time was 32.4 ± 2.1 min;The retention time of the drainage tube was 30 ± 1.8 days in the percutaneous negative pressure drainage group;The postoperative feeding time was no fasting after local anesthesia drainage;Postoperative complications (bleeding, infection, pancreatic leakage, recurrence, anastomotic leakage, etc.): Two of the 132 patients had recurrent cysts, which were cured by re-puncture and negative pressure drainage. The length of hospital stay was 6 ± 1.1 days;The cost was 11,200 ± 1300 yuan;Follow-up: The follow-up time ranged from 1 to 3 years, and the patients had no discomfort. Conclusion: Percutaneous catheterization and negative pressure drainage can effectively treat large pancreatic pseudocysts. Compared with other treatment methods, it is simple and effective, the postoperative recovery of patients is faster, the physical damage is less, the hospital stay is shorter, and the cost is lower.
文摘Periprosthetic fracture of femur is a common and complex complication after joint replacement. With the increase of operation volume, its incidence is increasing year by year. The treatment of this fracture is affected by many factors, including fracture type, prosthesis stability, patient age and comorbidities, and individualized treatment strategy is needed. In recent years, the internal fixation technology and prosthetic revision technology have made significant progress in surgical treatment, such as locking steel plate, titanium cable and bridge combined internal fixation system and other new technologies have effectively improved the treatment effect. In addition, the application of new materials and 3D printing technology, as well as the optimization of multidisciplinary cooperation mode, also provide new ideas for the treatment of complex fractures. However, there are still some problems such as inaccurate diagnosis, difficult choice of treatment options and high incidence of postoperative complications. In the future, technological innovation, the introduction of artificial intelligence and big data, and the further development of personalized treatment will bring more possibilities to improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients. This study summarizes the relevant research results and prospects the future development direction, providing references for clinical practice and subsequent research.
基金Supported by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences,No.2023-I2M-C&T-B-043National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding,No.2022-PUMCH-B-015+1 种基金CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences,No.2021-1-12M-002Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation,No.M22014.
文摘BACKGROUND There is a lack of clinical evidence on the efficacy and safety of transitioning from a thrice-daily pre-mixed insulin or basal-prandial regimen to insulin degludec/aspart(IDegAsp)therapy,with insufficient data from the Chinese population.AIM To demonstrate the efficacy,safety,and treatment satisfaction associated with the transition to IDegAsp in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS In this 12-week open-label,non-randomized,single-center,pilot study,patients with T2DM receiving thrice-daily insulin or intensive insulin treatment were transitioned to twice-daily injections of insulin IDegAsp.Insulin doses,hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)levels,fasting blood glucose(FBG),hypoglycemic events,a Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire,and other parameters were assessed at baseline and 12-weeks.RESULTS This study included 21 participants.A marked enhancement was observed in the FBG level(P=0.02),daily total insulin dose(P=0.03),and overall diabetes treatment satisfaction(P<0.01)in the participants who switched to IDegAsp.There was a decrease in HbA1c levels(7.6±1.1 vs 7.4±0.9,P=0.31)and the frequency of hypoglycemic events of those who switched to IDegAsp decreased,however,there was no statistically significant difference.CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that treatment with IDegAsp enhances clinical outcomes,particularly FBG levels,daily cumulative insulin dose,and overall satisfaction with diabetes treatment.
基金supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Health-PNSD(2019-I039 and 2023-I024)(to MP)FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación-Agencia Estatal de Investigación PID2021-1243590B-I100(to VMM)+2 种基金GVA(CIAICO/2021/203)(to MP)the Primary Addiction Care Research Network(RD21/0009/0005)(to MP)a predoctoral fellowship from the Generalitat Valenciana(ACIF/2021/338)(to CPC).
文摘Our previous studies have reported that activation of the NLRP3(NOD-,LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3)-inflammasome complex in ethanol-treated astrocytes and chronic alcohol-fed mice could be associated with neuroinflammation and brain damage.Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles(MSC-EVs)have been shown to restore the neuroinflammatory response,along with myelin and synaptic structural alterations in the prefrontal cortex,and alleviate cognitive and memory dysfunctions induced by binge-like ethanol treatment in adolescent mice.Considering the therapeutic role of the molecules contained in mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles,the present study analyzed whether the administration of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles isolated from adipose tissue,which inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome,was capable of reducing hippocampal neuroinflammation in adolescent mice treated with binge drinking.We demonstrated that the administration of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorated the activation of the hippocampal NLRP3 inflammasome complex and other NLRs inflammasomes(e.g.,pyrin domain-containing 1,caspase recruitment domain-containing 4,and absent in melanoma 2,as well as the alterations in inflammatory genes(interleukin-1β,interleukin-18,inducible nitric oxide synthase,nuclear factor-kappa B,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,and C–X3–C motif chemokine ligand 1)and miRNAs(miR-21a-5p,miR-146a-5p,and miR-141-5p)induced by binge-like ethanol treatment in adolescent mice.Bioinformatic analysis further revealed the involvement of miR-21a-5p and miR-146a-5p with inflammatory target genes and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways.Taken together,these findings provide novel evidence of the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived EVs to ameliorate the hippocampal neuroinflammatory response associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by binge drinking in adolescence.
文摘Neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)are relatively rare tumors that arise from peptidergic neurons and neuroendocrine cells.NENs are highly heterogeneous and can occur in any part of the body,with a particular prevalence in the digestive system.NENs consist of a range of tumor types and the biological behaviors exhibit significant differences.NENs are classified into well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors(NETs)and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas(NECs).NETs can be further classified and graded into the following three categories:low-grade NETs,grade 1(NET G1);intermediate-grade NET G2;and high-grade NET G3.NECs include large cell-type NEC(LCNEC)and small cell-type NEC(SCNEC),both of which are considered high grade.Currently,the main treatments for advanced NENs are biological treatments,targeted therapy,chemotherapy,and newer treatments that are still under development,such as immunotherapy and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy(PRRT).However,owing to the rarity of NENs,pharmaceutical company investment is limited and few phase Ⅲ studies have targeted advanced NENs.Most current research consists of investigator-initiated phase Ⅰ and Ⅱ clinical trials or largescale retrospective studies.NEN treatment should be chosen carefully because it is cumbersome and complicated,as indicated above.Herein,we comprehensively summarize the clinical application status and research progress for advanced NEN treatment regimens,especially for advanced NETs,which may help to create awareness on NENs among medical professionals across specialties.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grants(2022R1A2C4001228,2022M3H4A4097524,2022M3I3A1082499,and 2021M3I3A1084818)the Technology Innovation Program(20026415)of the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea)the supports from Nanopac for fabrication of scaled-up reactor.
文摘Wastewater electrolysis cells(WECs)for decentralized wastewater treatment/reuse coupled with H_(2) production can reduce the carbon footprint associated with transportation of water,waste,and energy carrier.This study reports Ir-doped NiFe_(2)O_(4)(NFI,~5 at%Ir)spinel layer with TiO_(2) overlayer(NFI/TiO_(2)),as a scalable heterojunction anode for direct electrolysis of wastewater with circumneutral pH in a single-compartment cell.In dilute(0.1 M)NaCl solutions,the NFI/TiO_(2) marks superior activity and selectivity for chlorine evolution reaction,outperforming the benchmark IrO_(2).Robust operation in near-neutral pH was confirmed.Electroanalyses including operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy unveiled crucial roles of TiO_(2) which serves both as the primary site for Cl−chemisorption and a protective layer for NFI as an ohmic contact.Galvanostatic electrolysis of NH4+-laden synthetic wastewater demonstrated that NFI/TiO_(2)not only achieves quasi-stoichiometric NH_(4)^(+)-to-N_(2)conversion,but also enhances H_(2)generation efficiency with minimal competing reactions such as reduction of dissolved oxygen and reactive chlorine.The scaled-up WEC with NFI/TiO_(2)was demonstrated for electrolysis of toilet wastewater.
文摘BACKGROUND Thymic epithelial neoplasms are rare malignant neoplasms originating in the thymus gland.There have been case reports of patients with advanced thymomas treated with a methylprednisolone pulse or with glucocorticoid(GCs)shock be-fore surgery,followed by surgical treatment,all of whom achieved good results.The effect of GCs on thymomas is related mainly to the action on GC receptors in thymic lymphocytes and epithelial cells.GC receptor expression has been asso-ciated with a better prognosis in patients with thymomas,including those with surgically removed thymomas.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a patient with thymoma who had a significant response to preoperative low-dose GC therapy.A mediastinal tumor was detected in the patient via computerized tomography upon admission.The tumor was initially suspected to be a thymic tumor,but lymphoma could not be ruled out.The tumor shrank significantly after low-dose(5 mg/day)GC therapy.Thoracoscopic thy-moma resection was performed after puncture pathology was confirmed.The patient recovered well after the operation and is currently performing well with no recurrence of the tumor.CONCLUSION This case highlights that low-dose GCs are effective in the treatment of thymomas,and we believe that GCs should be applied more frequently and studied more thoroughly in the treatment of thymomas.
文摘BACKGROUND Emergency medical care is essential in preventing morbidity and mortality,especially when interventions are time-sensitive and require immediate access to supplies and trained personnel.AIM To assess the treatment rates of eye emergencies in Africa.Ocular emergencies are particularly delicate due to the eye’s intricate structure and the necessity for its refractive components to remain transparent.METHODS This review examines the low treatment rates of eye emergencies in Africa,drawing on 96 records extracted from the PubMed database using predetermined search criteria.RESULTS The epidemiology of ocular injuries,as detailed in the studies,reveals significant relationships between the incidence and prevalence of eye injuries and factors such as age,gender,and occupation.The causes of eye emergencies range from accidents to gender-based violence and insect or animal attacks.Management approaches reported in the review include both surgical and non-surgical interventions,from medication to evisceration or enucleation of the eye.Preventive measures emphasize eye health education and the use of protective eyewear and facial protection.However,inadequate healthcare infrastructure and personnel,cultural and geographical barriers,and socioeconomic and behavioral factors hinder the effective prevention,service uptake,and management of eye emergencies.CONCLUSION The authors recommend developing eye health policies,enhancing community engagement,improving healthcare personnel training and retention,and increasing funding for eye care programs as solutions to address the low treatment rate of eye emergencies in Africa.
基金Funded by the Key Industry Innovation Chain(Group)Project of Shaanxi Province,China(No.2019ZDLGY 04-04)the Project of Yulin Science and Technology Bureau(No.2023-CXY-197)。
文摘Fe(Al,Ta)/Fe_(2)Ta(Al)eutectic composites with solidification rates of 6,20,30,and 80μm/s were prepared by a modified Bridgman directional solidification technology.The coarse Fe_(2)Ta(Al)Laves phase was precipitated at the eutectic colony boundary during the solidification process,which can affect the stability of microstructure and properties of the composites.The coarse Laves phase was refined using different heat treatment processes in the present paper.The influences of different heat treatment parameters on the Laves phase content,lamella/rod spacing,and mechanical properties were investigated in detail.In addition,the corrosion behaviors of Fe(Al,Ta)/Fe_(2)Ta(Al)eutectic composites before and after being annealed heat treatment in a 3 g/L Na_(2)S_(2)O_(3)solution were also studied.It is shown that both the content of Laves phase and lamella/rod spacing are gradually decreased after heat treatment.Micro-hardness is decreased,while the yield strength,compressive strength,and corrosion resistance are improved.The optimum heat treatment process is selected as well.
文摘BACKGROUND Data on clinical characteristics,treatment outcomes,and prognosis of pancreatic primitive neuroectodermal tumors(PNETs)are limited.AIM To analyze the clinical data of 30 patients with pancreatic PNETs to identify their clinical characteristics and factors associated with prognosis.METHODS We used the keywords"primary neuroectodermal tumor,""digestive tract,""pancreas,""pancreatic,"and"gastrointestinal,"individually or in combination,to collect data from a global database for all patients with pancreatic PNET to date.Univariate and Cox regression analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors for patient survival.RESULTS A total of 30 cases of pancreatic PNET were included in this study:15 males and 15 females with a mean age of 24 years.The main symptom was abdominal pain(73.3%),and the median tumor size was 7.85 cm.Twenty-four patients(80.0%)underwent surgery and nineteen patients received adjuvant therapy.Local metastasis was observed in 13 patients(43.3%),lymph node metastasis in 10 patients(33.3%),and distant metastasis in 6 patients(20.0%).Local recurrence was observed in 13 patients(43.3%).The median survival time of all patients was 29.4 months,and the overall estimated 1-year and 3-year survival rates were approximately 66.0%and 36.4%,respectively.Univariate analysis showed that chemotherapy(P=0.036),local metastasis(P=0.041),lymph node metastasis(P=0.003),distant metastasis(P=0.049),and surgical margins(P=0.048)were the prognostic factors affecting survival.Multivariate analysis revealed only lymph node metastasis(P=0.012)as a prognostic factor.CONCLUSION Pancreatic PNET is extremely rare,occurs in young adults,has no apparent sex predisposition,has a high rate of metastasis and early recurrence,and has a very poor prognosis.The diagnosis of pancreatic PNET requires a combination of clinical symptoms,pathologic features,immunohistochemistry,and cytogenetic analysis.Univariate analysis suggested that chemotherapy,metastasis,and surgical margins were prognostic factors affecting survival,and multivariate analysis suggested that lymph node metastasis is an important prognostic factor.Therefore,early diagnosis,early and extensive resection,and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy may help improve prognosis.
