To prolong the service life of optics,the feasibility of in situ cleaning of the multilayer mirror(MLM)of tin and its oxidized contamination was investigated using hydrogen plasma at different power levels.Granular ti...To prolong the service life of optics,the feasibility of in situ cleaning of the multilayer mirror(MLM)of tin and its oxidized contamination was investigated using hydrogen plasma at different power levels.Granular tin-based contamination consisting of micro-and macroparticles was deposited on silicon via physical vapor deposition(PVD).The electrodedriven hydrogen plasma at different power levels was systematically diagnosed using a Langmuir probe and a retarding field ion energy analyzer(RFEA).Moreover,the magnitude of the self-biasing voltage was measured at different power levels,and the peak ion energy was corrected for the difference between the RFEA measurements and the self-biasing voltage(E_(RFEA)-eV_(self)).XPS analysis of O 1s and Sn 3d peaks demonstrated the chemical reduction process after 1 W cleaning.Analysis of surface and cross-section morphology revealed that holes emerged on the upper part of the macroparticles while its bottom remained smooth.Hills and folds appeared on the upper part of the microparticles,confirming the top-down cleaning mode with hydrogen plasma.This study provides an in situ electrode-driven hydrogen plasma etching process for tin-based contamination and will provide meaningful guidance for understanding the chemical mechanism of reduction and etching.展开更多
Background: In recent years, Burkina Faso has faced increasing insecurity and terrorist attacks. The police, gendarmerie, and justice services are very often in demand to carry out criminal investigations, which are s...Background: In recent years, Burkina Faso has faced increasing insecurity and terrorist attacks. The police, gendarmerie, and justice services are very often in demand to carry out criminal investigations, which are slowed down or incomplete due to the absence of DNA analysis on biological samples from crime scenes and on apprehended suspects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of DNA analysis to the resolution of criminal cases in Burkina Faso. Methodology: This study was carried out from June 2019 to July 2020. Three (03) crimes were investigated, and DNA analysis was performed on biological samples from the crime scene, suspects, and victims using the AmpFlSTR® identifiler® Direct kit on the ABI 3130 Genetic Analyzer. Results: In the explosion case, the alleles found in the victim were the same as those identified in the blood trace from the crime scene. In the armed robbery case, there was a perfect match between the DNA profile of the blood trail and that of suspect 2 for all 15 STRs analyzed. In the murder case, the DNA profile of the murdered man’s son and the DNA profile of the biological trace were identical. Conclusion: The DNA analyses carried out in criminal cases have identified the perpetrators of the crimes. Their guilt or innocence will be confirmed by the investigators during the interrogations and hearings.展开更多
Gassy soils are distributed in relatively shallow layers the Quaternary deposit in Hangzhou Bay area. The shallow gassy soils significantly affect the construction of underground projects. Proper characterization of s...Gassy soils are distributed in relatively shallow layers the Quaternary deposit in Hangzhou Bay area. The shallow gassy soils significantly affect the construction of underground projects. Proper characterization of spatial distribution of shallow gassy soils is indispensable prior to construction of underground projects in the area. Due to the costly conditions required in the site investigation for gassy soils, only a limited number of gas pressure data can be obtained in engineering practice, which leads to the uncertainty in characterizing spatial distribution of gassy soils. Determining the number of boreholes for investigating gassy soils and their corresponding locations is pivotal to reducing construction risk induced by gassy soils. However, this primarily relies on the engineering experience in the current site investigation practice. This study develops a probabilistic site investigation optimization method for planning investigation schemes (including the number and locations of boreholes) of gassy soils based on the conditional random field and Monte Carlo simulation. The proposed method aims to provide an optimal investigation scheme before the site investigation based on prior knowledge. Finally, the proposed approach is illustrated using a case study.展开更多
The contamination of pork during breeding can negatively impact both food quality and safety.Sodium dichloroiso-cyanurate(NaDCC),a chlorine-containing disinfectant,is widely used in animal environments.In this study,1...The contamination of pork during breeding can negatively impact both food quality and safety.Sodium dichloroiso-cyanurate(NaDCC),a chlorine-containing disinfectant,is widely used in animal environments.In this study,16S rRNA sequencing was used to determine the bacterial communities in a pork farm.We also assessed the effectiveness of NaDCC disinfection by analyzing microbial diversity.The results revealed that the predominant genera in pork skin samples and environmental samples were Staphylococcus and Acinetobacter,respectively.Escherichia coli and Strep-tococcus equinus were present in all the samples,suggesting that NaDCC is not fully effective in preventing zoonotic pathogen contamination.The Chao1 and Shannon indices for sow skins increased after disinfection.No significant differences were observed in the microbiological composition of sow barn samples before and after disinfection(p>0.1).Additionally,bacterial abundance in sow skin was strongly correlated with abundance on pen floors(r=0.906,p<0.05),indicating potential cross-contamination between these sample types.Conversely,the bacterial abun-dance in the floor samples was weakly correlated with that in the other samples,suggesting that NaDCC is effective as a decontaminant.This study provides valuable insights into microbial contamination on pork farms and under-scores the importance of proper disinfection practices.This study also offers scientific recommendations for improv-ing disinfection protocols.展开更多
Atmospheric particle adsorption on insulator surfaces,coupled with humid environments,significantly affects contamination flashover,necessitating a clear understanding of the electric field distribution on insulator s...Atmospheric particle adsorption on insulator surfaces,coupled with humid environments,significantly affects contamination flashover,necessitating a clear understanding of the electric field distribution on insulator surfaces with adsorbed particles.This is crucial for accurately assessing insulator safety and informing critical decision-making.Although previous research has demonstrated that particle arrangement significantly influences the electric field distribution around transmission lines,an in-depth analysis of its effects on insulator surfaces remains lacking.To address this gap,this study establishes a composite insulator model to examine how three types of spherical contamination layers affect the electric field distribution on insulator surfaces under varying environmental conditions.The results reveal that in dry environments,the electric field strength at the apex of single-particle contamination layers increases with the particle size and relative permittivity.For the double-particle contamination layers,the electric field intensity on the insulator surface decreases as the particle spacing increases,and larger particles are more likely to attract smaller charged particles.For triple-particle contamination layers arranged in a triangular pattern,the maximum surface field strength is nearly double that of the chain-arranged particles.Furthermore,within the chain-arranged triple-particle contamination layers,a large-small-large size arrangement has a more pronounced impact on the surface electric field than a small-large-small size arrangement.In humid environments,the surface electric field strength of insulators decreases with increasing contamination levels.These findings are of significant theoretical and practical importance for ensuring the safe operation of power systems.展开更多
In vitro fertilization(IVF)is one of the most used assisted reproductive technology(ART)techniques today.However,the success of IVF procedures heavily relies on maintaining a sterile environment in laboratories.This n...In vitro fertilization(IVF)is one of the most used assisted reproductive technology(ART)techniques today.However,the success of IVF procedures heavily relies on maintaining a sterile environment in laboratories.This narrative review examines the effects of microbiological contamination in IVF laboratories,exploring its sources,impacts on IVF outcomes,and preventive measures.We conducted a complete literature search using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar,focusing on studies published within the last fifteen years.Our findings highlight that microbiological contamination can significantly impair embryo quality,reduce implantation and pregnancy rates,and increase the risk of miscarriage and infection.The review also discusses current best practices for contamination prevention and identifies areas for future research.This work emphasizes the critical importance of stringent sterility protocols in IVF laboratories and calls for continued vigilance and innovation in maintaining optimal conditions for assisted reproduction.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a growing public health concern,particularly in regions with diverse ethnic populations.Understanding the incidence and risk factors of GDM is crucial for early preventi...BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a growing public health concern,particularly in regions with diverse ethnic populations.Understanding the incidence and risk factors of GDM is crucial for early prevention and management,especially in underrepresented areas like Guizhou Province,China,where geographic and ethnic diversity may influence the disease’s prevalence and risk profiles.AIM To investigate the incidence of GDM and identify its associated risk and protective factors among different ethnic groups in Guizhou Province,providing essential data for early prevention strategies.METHODS A multi-center retrospective study was conducted,dividing participants into GDM and non-GDM groups according to standardized diagnostic criteria.Data were collected from 103629 deliveries across 40 hospitals in Guizhou.Various demographic,clinical,and laboratory parameters were analyzed using logistic regression to identify risk and protective factors for GDM.RESULTS Among the 103629 deliveries,18957 cases of GDM were identified,with an incidence of approximately 18.3%.The risk of GDM was higher in the Han ethnic group compared to minority ethnic groups.The Dong ethnic group had the lowest incidence among the minorities.Key risk factors identified included older age(especially>35 years),higher pre-pregnancy body mass index(BMI),light physical activity,gravidity,family history of diabetes,hemoglobin,aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,and direct bilirubin.Protective factors included higher education level,total protein,and albumin.There were also differences based on blood type,with type A associated with higher risk.CONCLUSION The incidence rate in Guizhou is 18.3%.Older age(especially>35 years),Han ethnicity,lower education level,higher pre-pregnancy BMI,light physical activity,and higher gravidity are the main risk factors for GDM.Laboratory findings indicate that higher hemoglobin,higher liver function parameters(alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,and direct bilirubin),and lower total protein and albumin are associated with a higher risk of GDM.Blood type A has a higher risk of GDM compared to blood types AB and O.展开更多
Understanding water dynamics under the effect of climatic conditions is important to improve water sustainability over the medium-and long-term.Clay content can affect soil hydrothermal properties,and hence modify wat...Understanding water dynamics under the effect of climatic conditions is important to improve water sustainability over the medium-and long-term.Clay content can affect soil hydrothermal properties,and hence modify water and heat exchange between soil and atmosphere,e.g.evapotranspiration and infiltration.This work aims to develop a numerical approach to explore the influence of clay content on soil hydrothermal response to the timely climatic conditions in the Lake Chad region,Sahel Region of west-central Africa.The meteorological information at the studied points,i.e.points A and B with a clay content of 8.3%and 25%,during the year 2008 is collected from ERA5-Land hourly data.The numerical results allow for understanding the effect of clay content on the hydrothermal response of the surface soil layer.Specifically,the soil surface temperature under point A is lower than that under point B during the dry season due to the dominant effect of heat conduction.However,the converse tendency is observed during the wet season because of the combined effect of heat conduction and latent heat.The variations of soil volumetric water content are closely related to the timely interaction between the soil and atmosphere,in addition to the hydrothermal properties of soil.Moreover,the outcomes of this work improve the understanding of the heat and water dynamics under the effect of climatic conditions and clay content,and provide further insights into the potential water protection in arid and semi-arid regions in the future.展开更多
Lost foam casting(LFC) process is a special casting method in which polymeric foam patterns with refractory coatings are utilized as a mould component. In this work, four types of foam: expandable polyethylene(EPE), e...Lost foam casting(LFC) process is a special casting method in which polymeric foam patterns with refractory coatings are utilized as a mould component. In this work, four types of foam: expandable polyethylene(EPE), expandable polypropylene(EPP) and expandable polystyrene(EPS) foams with two different densities were employed as pattern materials. LFC and conventional green sand mould casting methods were used to cast a low carbon steel, A216 Grade WCB. Both casting processes were carried out at 1,580 °C. Chemical analysis results showed that the carbon contamination level was high and was influenced by pattern type. Metallographic investigations revealed a significant increase in the percentage of pearlite phase in all LFC samples. Densities of manufactured samples were calculated in order to evaluate porosity of the products. It was determined that the densities of the LFC samples were lower than the green sand mould cast reference sample(RS). Vickers hardness tests were also carried out and increments in hardness values with increased carbon content was observed.展开更多
Crocidolite was found to be ubiquitous in a county in southwestern China. It had been widely used in the making of road pavement, stoves, wall paint, etc. The environmental levels of the asbestos fibers were determine...Crocidolite was found to be ubiquitous in a county in southwestern China. It had been widely used in the making of road pavement, stoves, wall paint, etc. The environmental levels of the asbestos fibers were determined. Of the 2175 local residents examined. 16 had asbestosis and 232 had pleural plaques. These clinical manifestations were noted mainly in patients over 50 years of age. (c)1990 Academic Press. Inc.展开更多
The influence of taper contamination on the static and dynamic characteristics of a slider is studiedin detail. Two models of taper contamination, including the effect of skew angle and the number of the railwith tape...The influence of taper contamination on the static and dynamic characteristics of a slider is studiedin detail. Two models of taper contamination, including the effect of skew angle and the number of the railwith taper contamination as well as the amount of contaminator on the taper,are investigated respectively. Anequivalent scheme is applied to evaluate the frequency responses with different flying attitudes in three de-grees of freedom. Ca1culations show that whether model is considered and how many tapers are contaminated,the static and dynamic characteristics of the slider change little in a very large contamination scale,but oncethe amount of contaminator exceeds some limit,the flying attitude of the slider is degraded catastrophically,which is easy to cause the slider crash. The skew angle,when it is large enough,may ameliorate or deterioratethe flying characteristics of the slider depending on the slider attitude when the transverse air flow passesthrough it.展开更多
This paper investigated the comparative analysis of groundwater contamination in Third Cemetery and Costain Dumpsite in Benin Metropolis, South South of Nigeria, using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Physi...This paper investigated the comparative analysis of groundwater contamination in Third Cemetery and Costain Dumpsite in Benin Metropolis, South South of Nigeria, using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Physicochemical analysis of water. The implications of land utilization for burial of dead human bodies in the form of cemeteries, many cases associated with coffin and caskets used for interment of remains and the location of refuse dump have received no consideration in Nigeria. Interment of bodies in cemeteries and dumping of refuse in dumpsites remain widespread practice and the only alternative endpoint to dead bodies and disposal of wastes in Nigeria. In Nigeria, this practice had not been perceived as having a significant potential contaminant effect in the environment and especially the groundwater component as search of literature attracted no such study to the country. In Benin City and Nigeria in general, the major cemeteries and dumpsites are located close to human residential areas and virtually all the populace within this locality depends on groundwater as the primary water source for various domestic purposes. Res2Dinv was employed in both sites as the geophysical method. The investigation of cemeteries is always difficult and challenging task in geoforensic prospective. Most researchers assess the impact of interment on the environment by comparing study results from cemeteries with data from reference sites. This study is based on this premise. The 2-D Geological Models showed that both Third Cemetery and Costain Dumpsite contained leachate plumes of various degrees as indicated by the low resistivity values, which infiltrated into the groundwater. The values of Water Quality Index (WQI) of groundwater samples in Third Cemetery and Costain Dumpsite were found to be 13.40 and 21.58 respectively which indicated that the quality of water at both Third Cemetery and Costain Dumpsite were good for drinking and other domestic purposes though with some degrees of contamination.展开更多
The present study is conducted in the scenario of the tannery waste hazards in Kasur district of Pakistan where the tannery industry is considered as major cause of groundwater quality deterioration, Area focused in t...The present study is conducted in the scenario of the tannery waste hazards in Kasur district of Pakistan where the tannery industry is considered as major cause of groundwater quality deterioration, Area focused in this research constitutes the surroundings of the effluent carrying drains near tannery units. This study includes soil explorations, groundwater monitoring and wastewater analysis in the research area so as to find out the contamination extent of chromium in subsurface. Initial groundwater monitoring exhibited chromium concentrations as high as 90 mg/L in the tannery area. Even groundwater sampling from monitoring wells installed in the adjacent areas of effluent carrying drains, showed concentrations up to 10.4 mg/L. Wastewater analysis of all the drains in the research area has evidenced potential risk of contaminant seepage into soil and groundwater as level of chromium in wastewater samples has reported to be immensely high and varies from 68 mg/L to 2,152 mg/L. However the 30 soil samples collected from two soil bores did not show any significant results as the maximum values obtained for hexavalent chromium for leaching and retained in soil are 0.02 mg/L and 8.1 mg/kg, respectively. These low concentrations of soil samples suggest that the soil contamination may not be a main environmental issue in the areas adjacent to the effluent carrying drains, The research concludes as possibility of direct interference of the tannery wastewater with groundwater through damaged structures and sewers.展开更多
Bordetella bronchiseptica(Bb)is recognized as a leading cause of respiratory diseases in dogs and cats.However,epidemiological data on Bb in dogs and cats in China are still limited,and there is no commercially availa...Bordetella bronchiseptica(Bb)is recognized as a leading cause of respiratory diseases in dogs and cats.However,epidemiological data on Bb in dogs and cats in China are still limited,and there is no commercially available vaccine.Live vaccines containing Bb that are widely used abroad are generally efective but can establish latency and potentially reactivate to cause illness in some immunodefcient vaccinated recipients,raising safety concerns.In this study,34 canine-derived and two feline-derived Bb strains were isolated from 1809 canine and 113 feline nasopharyngeal swab samples collected from eight provinces in China from 2021 to 2023.The PCR results showed that the percentage of positive Bb was 22.94%(441/1922),and more than 90%of the Bb isolates had four virulence factor-encoding genes(VFGs),namely,fhaB,prn,betA and dnt.All the isolated strains displayed a multidrug-resistant phenotype.The virulence of 10 Bb strains isolated from dogs with respiratory symptoms was tested in mice,and we found that eight isolates were highly virulent.Furthermore,the eight Bb isolates with high virulence were inactivated and intramuscularly injected into mice,and three Bb strains(WH1218,WH1203 and WH1224)with the best protective efcacy were selected.Dogs immunized with these three strains exhibited strong protection against challenge with the Bb feld strain WH1218.Ultimately,the WH1218 strain with the greatest protection in dogs was selected as the vaccine candidate.Dogs and cats that received a vaccine containing 109 CFU of the inactivated WH1218 strain showed complete protection against challenge with the Bb feld strain WH1218.This study revealed that Bb is an important pathogen that causes respiratory diseases in domestic dogs and cats in China,and all the isolates exhibited multidrug resistance.The present work contributes to the current understanding of the prevalence,antimicrobial resistance,and virulence genes of Bb in domestic dogs and cats.Additionally,our results suggest that the WH1218 strain is a promising candidate safe and efcacious inactivated Bb vaccine.展开更多
Chemical solvents instead of pure water being as hydraulic fracturing fluid could effectively increase permeability and improve clean methane extraction efficiency.However,pore-fracture variation features of lean coal...Chemical solvents instead of pure water being as hydraulic fracturing fluid could effectively increase permeability and improve clean methane extraction efficiency.However,pore-fracture variation features of lean coal synergistically affected by solvents have not been fully understood.Ultrasonic testing,nuclear magnetic resonance analysis,liquid phase mass spectrometry was adopted to comprehensively analyze pore-fracture change characteristics of lean coal treated by combined solvent(NMP and CS_(2)).Meanwhile,quantitative characterization of above changing properties was conducted using geometric fractal theory.Relationship model between permeability,fractal dimension and porosity were established.Results indicate that the end face fractures of coal are well developed after CS2and combined solvent treatments,of which,end face box-counting fractal dimensions range from 1.1227 to 1.4767.Maximum decreases in ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocity of coal affected by NMP,CS_(2)and combined solvent are 2.700%,20.521%,22.454%,respectively.Solvent treatments could lead to increasing amount of both mesopores and macropores.Decrease ratio of fractal dimension Dsis 0.259%–2.159%,while permeability increases ratio of NMR ranges from 0.1904 to 6.4486.Meanwhile,combined solvent could dissolve coal polar and non-polar small molecules and expand flow space.Results could provide reference for solvent selection and parameter optimization of permeability-enhancement technology.展开更多
The World Health Organization states that foodborne diseases are a worldwide public health issue. Although street foods can provide nutritious and affordable ready-to-eat meals for city dwellers, their health risks ca...The World Health Organization states that foodborne diseases are a worldwide public health issue. Although street foods can provide nutritious and affordable ready-to-eat meals for city dwellers, their health risks can outweigh the benefits. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Bamako district, focusing on street food vendors near schools, universities, extensive markets, administrative centers, and major roads. We aimed to sample fifty (50) sellers per municipality, making 300 sellers for the Bamako district. We developed a survey sheet to collect data, and six teams rotated between the municipalities each month. Before starting the collection, the teams were provided administrative papers approved by the municipal authority. The survey revealed three types of sales sites: fixed (65%), semi-fixed (30%), and mobile (4.40%). The proportion of sellers was 26.8%, 23.2%, 19.7%, and 4.2% in municipalities III, IV, and I. In municipalities I, II, III, IV, and VI, respectively, 92%, 95.70%, 93%, 87.2%, and 100% of the sellers were female. The age distribution of sellers was 65.63%, 46.81%, 40.82%, 38.30%, 36.17%, 36%, and 32% in the 25-34 and 35 - 44 age groups. Illiteracy rates were 59.20%, 61.70%, 55.30%, 75%, and 56% in municipalities I, II, III, IV, and VI, respectively. The study identified two categories of sellers: 48.3% in type 1 and 51.7% in type 2. The first category comprised 154 sellers, and the second 165 sellers. The survey found that 66.00%, 56.00%, 48.90%, 44.90%, 38.30%, and 34.40% of municipal V, VI, III, I, II, and IV sales sites were open-air. In municipality I, 63.30% of the sites were under hangars, while in municipalities II and IV, the corresponding percentages were 51.10% and 59.40%, respectively. Moreover, 46.00%, 31.90%, 31.30%, 30.60%, and 27.70% of the sites in municipalities VI, II, IV, I, and III were located next to gutters. In conclusion, this study identified several factors that could compromise the quality of street foods sold in the six municipalities of Bamako.展开更多
High-speed sliding often leads to catastrophic landslides,many of which,in the initial sliding phase before disintegration,experience a friction-induced thermal pressurization effect in the bottom shear band,accelerat...High-speed sliding often leads to catastrophic landslides,many of which,in the initial sliding phase before disintegration,experience a friction-induced thermal pressurization effect in the bottom shear band,accelerating the movement of the overlying sliding mass.To quantitatively investigate this complex multiphysical phenomenon,we established a set of equations that describe the variations in temperature and excess pore pressure within the shear band,as well as the conservation of momentum equation for the overlying sliding mass.With a simplified landslide model,we investigated the variations of temperature and excess pore pressure within the shear band and their impacts on the velocity of the overlying sliding mass.On this basis,we studied the impact of seven key parameters on the maximum temperature and excess pore pressure in the shear band,as well as the impact on the velocity of the overlying sliding mass.The simulation results of the standard model show that the temperature and excess pore pressure in the shear band are significantly higher than those in the adjacent areas,and reach the maximum values in the center.Within a few seconds after the start,the maximum excess pore pressure in the shear zone is close to the initial stress,and the shear strength loss rate exceeds 90%.The thermal pressurization mechanism significantly increases the velocity of the overlying sliding mass.The results of parameter sensitivity analysis show that the thermal expansion coefficient has the most significant impact on the temperature and excess pore pressure in the shear band,and the sliding surface dip angle has the most significant impact on the velocity of the overlying sliding mass.The results of this study are of great significance for clarifying the mechanism of thermal pressurization-induced high-speed sliding.展开更多
The boundary condition is a crucial factor affecting the permeability variation due to suffusion.An experimental investigation on the permeability of gap-graded soil due to horizontal suffusion considering the boundar...The boundary condition is a crucial factor affecting the permeability variation due to suffusion.An experimental investigation on the permeability of gap-graded soil due to horizontal suffusion considering the boundary effect is conducted,where the hydraulic head difference(DH)varies,and the boundary includes non-loss and soil-loss conditions.Soil samples are filled into seven soil storerooms connected in turn.After evaluation,the variation in content of fine sand(ΔR_(f))and the hydraulic conductivity of soils in each storeroom(C_(i))are analyzed.In the non-loss test,the soil sample filling area is divided into runoff,transited,and accumulated areas according to the negative or positive ΔR_(f) values.ΔR_(f) increases from negative to positive along the seepage path,and Ci decreases from runoff area to transited area and then rebounds in accumulated area.In the soil-loss test,all soil sample filling areas belong to the runoff area,where the gentle-loss,strengthened-loss,and alleviated-loss parts are further divided.ΔR_(f) decreases from the gentle-loss part to the strengthened-loss part and then rebounds in the alleviated-loss part,and C_(i) increases and then decreases along the seepage path.The relationship between ΔR_(f) and Ci is different with the boundary condition.Ci exponentially decreases with ΔR_(f) in the non-loss test and increases with ΔR_(f) generally in the soil-loss test.展开更多
Emerging contaminants (ECs) are widely present in aquatic environments, posing potential risks to both ecosystems and human health. Theultrasound-assisted persulfate oxidation process has attracted considerable attent...Emerging contaminants (ECs) are widely present in aquatic environments, posing potential risks to both ecosystems and human health. Theultrasound-assisted persulfate oxidation process has attracted considerable attention in the degradation of ECs due to its ability to generate bothsulfate radicals and cavitation effects, enhancing degradation effects. In this paper, the principle of ultrasonic synergistic Fenton-like oxidationsystem for degrading organic pollutants was reviewed, divided into homogeneous system, non-homogeneous system, and single-atom system toexplore the synergistic effect of ultrasound-enhanced persulfate technology in three aspects, and the effects of environmental factors such asultrasonic frequency and power, system pH, temperature, and initial oxidant concentration on the system's decontamination performance werediscussed. Finally, future research on ultrasonically activated persulfate technology is summarized and prospected.展开更多
基金funded by the Institutional Research Fund from Sichuan University(No.2020SCUNL211)。
文摘To prolong the service life of optics,the feasibility of in situ cleaning of the multilayer mirror(MLM)of tin and its oxidized contamination was investigated using hydrogen plasma at different power levels.Granular tin-based contamination consisting of micro-and macroparticles was deposited on silicon via physical vapor deposition(PVD).The electrodedriven hydrogen plasma at different power levels was systematically diagnosed using a Langmuir probe and a retarding field ion energy analyzer(RFEA).Moreover,the magnitude of the self-biasing voltage was measured at different power levels,and the peak ion energy was corrected for the difference between the RFEA measurements and the self-biasing voltage(E_(RFEA)-eV_(self)).XPS analysis of O 1s and Sn 3d peaks demonstrated the chemical reduction process after 1 W cleaning.Analysis of surface and cross-section morphology revealed that holes emerged on the upper part of the macroparticles while its bottom remained smooth.Hills and folds appeared on the upper part of the microparticles,confirming the top-down cleaning mode with hydrogen plasma.This study provides an in situ electrode-driven hydrogen plasma etching process for tin-based contamination and will provide meaningful guidance for understanding the chemical mechanism of reduction and etching.
文摘Background: In recent years, Burkina Faso has faced increasing insecurity and terrorist attacks. The police, gendarmerie, and justice services are very often in demand to carry out criminal investigations, which are slowed down or incomplete due to the absence of DNA analysis on biological samples from crime scenes and on apprehended suspects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of DNA analysis to the resolution of criminal cases in Burkina Faso. Methodology: This study was carried out from June 2019 to July 2020. Three (03) crimes were investigated, and DNA analysis was performed on biological samples from the crime scene, suspects, and victims using the AmpFlSTR® identifiler® Direct kit on the ABI 3130 Genetic Analyzer. Results: In the explosion case, the alleles found in the victim were the same as those identified in the blood trace from the crime scene. In the armed robbery case, there was a perfect match between the DNA profile of the blood trail and that of suspect 2 for all 15 STRs analyzed. In the murder case, the DNA profile of the murdered man’s son and the DNA profile of the biological trace were identical. Conclusion: The DNA analyses carried out in criminal cases have identified the perpetrators of the crimes. Their guilt or innocence will be confirmed by the investigators during the interrogations and hearings.
文摘Gassy soils are distributed in relatively shallow layers the Quaternary deposit in Hangzhou Bay area. The shallow gassy soils significantly affect the construction of underground projects. Proper characterization of spatial distribution of shallow gassy soils is indispensable prior to construction of underground projects in the area. Due to the costly conditions required in the site investigation for gassy soils, only a limited number of gas pressure data can be obtained in engineering practice, which leads to the uncertainty in characterizing spatial distribution of gassy soils. Determining the number of boreholes for investigating gassy soils and their corresponding locations is pivotal to reducing construction risk induced by gassy soils. However, this primarily relies on the engineering experience in the current site investigation practice. This study develops a probabilistic site investigation optimization method for planning investigation schemes (including the number and locations of boreholes) of gassy soils based on the conditional random field and Monte Carlo simulation. The proposed method aims to provide an optimal investigation scheme before the site investigation based on prior knowledge. Finally, the proposed approach is illustrated using a case study.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(32302233,32472466)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang(LZ24C200004)+6 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2022C02049)the Key Research and Development Program of Ningbo(2022Z178)the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(20244027)the WalMart Foundation(UA2020-152,UA2021-247)the State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products(2021DG700024-KF202517)the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Project(2024SNJF044)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhuji(2022J10).
文摘The contamination of pork during breeding can negatively impact both food quality and safety.Sodium dichloroiso-cyanurate(NaDCC),a chlorine-containing disinfectant,is widely used in animal environments.In this study,16S rRNA sequencing was used to determine the bacterial communities in a pork farm.We also assessed the effectiveness of NaDCC disinfection by analyzing microbial diversity.The results revealed that the predominant genera in pork skin samples and environmental samples were Staphylococcus and Acinetobacter,respectively.Escherichia coli and Strep-tococcus equinus were present in all the samples,suggesting that NaDCC is not fully effective in preventing zoonotic pathogen contamination.The Chao1 and Shannon indices for sow skins increased after disinfection.No significant differences were observed in the microbiological composition of sow barn samples before and after disinfection(p>0.1).Additionally,bacterial abundance in sow skin was strongly correlated with abundance on pen floors(r=0.906,p<0.05),indicating potential cross-contamination between these sample types.Conversely,the bacterial abun-dance in the floor samples was weakly correlated with that in the other samples,suggesting that NaDCC is effective as a decontaminant.This study provides valuable insights into microbial contamination on pork farms and under-scores the importance of proper disinfection practices.This study also offers scientific recommendations for improv-ing disinfection protocols.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12064034 and 11562017)the Leading Talents Program of Science and Technology Innovation in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China(Grant No.2020GKLRLX08)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China(Grant No.2024AAC05040)。
文摘Atmospheric particle adsorption on insulator surfaces,coupled with humid environments,significantly affects contamination flashover,necessitating a clear understanding of the electric field distribution on insulator surfaces with adsorbed particles.This is crucial for accurately assessing insulator safety and informing critical decision-making.Although previous research has demonstrated that particle arrangement significantly influences the electric field distribution around transmission lines,an in-depth analysis of its effects on insulator surfaces remains lacking.To address this gap,this study establishes a composite insulator model to examine how three types of spherical contamination layers affect the electric field distribution on insulator surfaces under varying environmental conditions.The results reveal that in dry environments,the electric field strength at the apex of single-particle contamination layers increases with the particle size and relative permittivity.For the double-particle contamination layers,the electric field intensity on the insulator surface decreases as the particle spacing increases,and larger particles are more likely to attract smaller charged particles.For triple-particle contamination layers arranged in a triangular pattern,the maximum surface field strength is nearly double that of the chain-arranged particles.Furthermore,within the chain-arranged triple-particle contamination layers,a large-small-large size arrangement has a more pronounced impact on the surface electric field than a small-large-small size arrangement.In humid environments,the surface electric field strength of insulators decreases with increasing contamination levels.These findings are of significant theoretical and practical importance for ensuring the safe operation of power systems.
文摘In vitro fertilization(IVF)is one of the most used assisted reproductive technology(ART)techniques today.However,the success of IVF procedures heavily relies on maintaining a sterile environment in laboratories.This narrative review examines the effects of microbiological contamination in IVF laboratories,exploring its sources,impacts on IVF outcomes,and preventive measures.We conducted a complete literature search using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar,focusing on studies published within the last fifteen years.Our findings highlight that microbiological contamination can significantly impair embryo quality,reduce implantation and pregnancy rates,and increase the risk of miscarriage and infection.The review also discusses current best practices for contamination prevention and identifies areas for future research.This work emphasizes the critical importance of stringent sterility protocols in IVF laboratories and calls for continued vigilance and innovation in maintaining optimal conditions for assisted reproduction.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81960284Science and Technology Support Program of Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province,No.Qian Ke He Zhi Cheng[2022]Yi Ban 183.
文摘BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a growing public health concern,particularly in regions with diverse ethnic populations.Understanding the incidence and risk factors of GDM is crucial for early prevention and management,especially in underrepresented areas like Guizhou Province,China,where geographic and ethnic diversity may influence the disease’s prevalence and risk profiles.AIM To investigate the incidence of GDM and identify its associated risk and protective factors among different ethnic groups in Guizhou Province,providing essential data for early prevention strategies.METHODS A multi-center retrospective study was conducted,dividing participants into GDM and non-GDM groups according to standardized diagnostic criteria.Data were collected from 103629 deliveries across 40 hospitals in Guizhou.Various demographic,clinical,and laboratory parameters were analyzed using logistic regression to identify risk and protective factors for GDM.RESULTS Among the 103629 deliveries,18957 cases of GDM were identified,with an incidence of approximately 18.3%.The risk of GDM was higher in the Han ethnic group compared to minority ethnic groups.The Dong ethnic group had the lowest incidence among the minorities.Key risk factors identified included older age(especially>35 years),higher pre-pregnancy body mass index(BMI),light physical activity,gravidity,family history of diabetes,hemoglobin,aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,and direct bilirubin.Protective factors included higher education level,total protein,and albumin.There were also differences based on blood type,with type A associated with higher risk.CONCLUSION The incidence rate in Guizhou is 18.3%.Older age(especially>35 years),Han ethnicity,lower education level,higher pre-pregnancy BMI,light physical activity,and higher gravidity are the main risk factors for GDM.Laboratory findings indicate that higher hemoglobin,higher liver function parameters(alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,and direct bilirubin),and lower total protein and albumin are associated with a higher risk of GDM.Blood type A has a higher risk of GDM compared to blood types AB and O.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42207171).
文摘Understanding water dynamics under the effect of climatic conditions is important to improve water sustainability over the medium-and long-term.Clay content can affect soil hydrothermal properties,and hence modify water and heat exchange between soil and atmosphere,e.g.evapotranspiration and infiltration.This work aims to develop a numerical approach to explore the influence of clay content on soil hydrothermal response to the timely climatic conditions in the Lake Chad region,Sahel Region of west-central Africa.The meteorological information at the studied points,i.e.points A and B with a clay content of 8.3%and 25%,during the year 2008 is collected from ERA5-Land hourly data.The numerical results allow for understanding the effect of clay content on the hydrothermal response of the surface soil layer.Specifically,the soil surface temperature under point A is lower than that under point B during the dry season due to the dominant effect of heat conduction.However,the converse tendency is observed during the wet season because of the combined effect of heat conduction and latent heat.The variations of soil volumetric water content are closely related to the timely interaction between the soil and atmosphere,in addition to the hydrothermal properties of soil.Moreover,the outcomes of this work improve the understanding of the heat and water dynamics under the effect of climatic conditions and clay content,and provide further insights into the potential water protection in arid and semi-arid regions in the future.
文摘Lost foam casting(LFC) process is a special casting method in which polymeric foam patterns with refractory coatings are utilized as a mould component. In this work, four types of foam: expandable polyethylene(EPE), expandable polypropylene(EPP) and expandable polystyrene(EPS) foams with two different densities were employed as pattern materials. LFC and conventional green sand mould casting methods were used to cast a low carbon steel, A216 Grade WCB. Both casting processes were carried out at 1,580 °C. Chemical analysis results showed that the carbon contamination level was high and was influenced by pattern type. Metallographic investigations revealed a significant increase in the percentage of pearlite phase in all LFC samples. Densities of manufactured samples were calculated in order to evaluate porosity of the products. It was determined that the densities of the LFC samples were lower than the green sand mould cast reference sample(RS). Vickers hardness tests were also carried out and increments in hardness values with increased carbon content was observed.
文摘Crocidolite was found to be ubiquitous in a county in southwestern China. It had been widely used in the making of road pavement, stoves, wall paint, etc. The environmental levels of the asbestos fibers were determined. Of the 2175 local residents examined. 16 had asbestosis and 232 had pleural plaques. These clinical manifestations were noted mainly in patients over 50 years of age. (c)1990 Academic Press. Inc.
文摘The influence of taper contamination on the static and dynamic characteristics of a slider is studiedin detail. Two models of taper contamination, including the effect of skew angle and the number of the railwith taper contamination as well as the amount of contaminator on the taper,are investigated respectively. Anequivalent scheme is applied to evaluate the frequency responses with different flying attitudes in three de-grees of freedom. Ca1culations show that whether model is considered and how many tapers are contaminated,the static and dynamic characteristics of the slider change little in a very large contamination scale,but oncethe amount of contaminator exceeds some limit,the flying attitude of the slider is degraded catastrophically,which is easy to cause the slider crash. The skew angle,when it is large enough,may ameliorate or deterioratethe flying characteristics of the slider depending on the slider attitude when the transverse air flow passesthrough it.
文摘This paper investigated the comparative analysis of groundwater contamination in Third Cemetery and Costain Dumpsite in Benin Metropolis, South South of Nigeria, using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Physicochemical analysis of water. The implications of land utilization for burial of dead human bodies in the form of cemeteries, many cases associated with coffin and caskets used for interment of remains and the location of refuse dump have received no consideration in Nigeria. Interment of bodies in cemeteries and dumping of refuse in dumpsites remain widespread practice and the only alternative endpoint to dead bodies and disposal of wastes in Nigeria. In Nigeria, this practice had not been perceived as having a significant potential contaminant effect in the environment and especially the groundwater component as search of literature attracted no such study to the country. In Benin City and Nigeria in general, the major cemeteries and dumpsites are located close to human residential areas and virtually all the populace within this locality depends on groundwater as the primary water source for various domestic purposes. Res2Dinv was employed in both sites as the geophysical method. The investigation of cemeteries is always difficult and challenging task in geoforensic prospective. Most researchers assess the impact of interment on the environment by comparing study results from cemeteries with data from reference sites. This study is based on this premise. The 2-D Geological Models showed that both Third Cemetery and Costain Dumpsite contained leachate plumes of various degrees as indicated by the low resistivity values, which infiltrated into the groundwater. The values of Water Quality Index (WQI) of groundwater samples in Third Cemetery and Costain Dumpsite were found to be 13.40 and 21.58 respectively which indicated that the quality of water at both Third Cemetery and Costain Dumpsite were good for drinking and other domestic purposes though with some degrees of contamination.
文摘The present study is conducted in the scenario of the tannery waste hazards in Kasur district of Pakistan where the tannery industry is considered as major cause of groundwater quality deterioration, Area focused in this research constitutes the surroundings of the effluent carrying drains near tannery units. This study includes soil explorations, groundwater monitoring and wastewater analysis in the research area so as to find out the contamination extent of chromium in subsurface. Initial groundwater monitoring exhibited chromium concentrations as high as 90 mg/L in the tannery area. Even groundwater sampling from monitoring wells installed in the adjacent areas of effluent carrying drains, showed concentrations up to 10.4 mg/L. Wastewater analysis of all the drains in the research area has evidenced potential risk of contaminant seepage into soil and groundwater as level of chromium in wastewater samples has reported to be immensely high and varies from 68 mg/L to 2,152 mg/L. However the 30 soil samples collected from two soil bores did not show any significant results as the maximum values obtained for hexavalent chromium for leaching and retained in soil are 0.02 mg/L and 8.1 mg/kg, respectively. These low concentrations of soil samples suggest that the soil contamination may not be a main environmental issue in the areas adjacent to the effluent carrying drains, The research concludes as possibility of direct interference of the tannery wastewater with groundwater through damaged structures and sewers.
基金the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2020B0301030007).
文摘Bordetella bronchiseptica(Bb)is recognized as a leading cause of respiratory diseases in dogs and cats.However,epidemiological data on Bb in dogs and cats in China are still limited,and there is no commercially available vaccine.Live vaccines containing Bb that are widely used abroad are generally efective but can establish latency and potentially reactivate to cause illness in some immunodefcient vaccinated recipients,raising safety concerns.In this study,34 canine-derived and two feline-derived Bb strains were isolated from 1809 canine and 113 feline nasopharyngeal swab samples collected from eight provinces in China from 2021 to 2023.The PCR results showed that the percentage of positive Bb was 22.94%(441/1922),and more than 90%of the Bb isolates had four virulence factor-encoding genes(VFGs),namely,fhaB,prn,betA and dnt.All the isolated strains displayed a multidrug-resistant phenotype.The virulence of 10 Bb strains isolated from dogs with respiratory symptoms was tested in mice,and we found that eight isolates were highly virulent.Furthermore,the eight Bb isolates with high virulence were inactivated and intramuscularly injected into mice,and three Bb strains(WH1218,WH1203 and WH1224)with the best protective efcacy were selected.Dogs immunized with these three strains exhibited strong protection against challenge with the Bb feld strain WH1218.Ultimately,the WH1218 strain with the greatest protection in dogs was selected as the vaccine candidate.Dogs and cats that received a vaccine containing 109 CFU of the inactivated WH1218 strain showed complete protection against challenge with the Bb feld strain WH1218.This study revealed that Bb is an important pathogen that causes respiratory diseases in domestic dogs and cats in China,and all the isolates exhibited multidrug resistance.The present work contributes to the current understanding of the prevalence,antimicrobial resistance,and virulence genes of Bb in domestic dogs and cats.Additionally,our results suggest that the WH1218 strain is a promising candidate safe and efcacious inactivated Bb vaccine.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52274171)Joint National-Local Engineering Research Centre for Safe and Precise Coal Mining Fund(No.EC2023015)+1 种基金Excellent Youth Project of Universities in Anhui Province(No.2023AH030042)Unveiled List of Bidding Projects of Shanxi Province(No.20201101001)。
文摘Chemical solvents instead of pure water being as hydraulic fracturing fluid could effectively increase permeability and improve clean methane extraction efficiency.However,pore-fracture variation features of lean coal synergistically affected by solvents have not been fully understood.Ultrasonic testing,nuclear magnetic resonance analysis,liquid phase mass spectrometry was adopted to comprehensively analyze pore-fracture change characteristics of lean coal treated by combined solvent(NMP and CS_(2)).Meanwhile,quantitative characterization of above changing properties was conducted using geometric fractal theory.Relationship model between permeability,fractal dimension and porosity were established.Results indicate that the end face fractures of coal are well developed after CS2and combined solvent treatments,of which,end face box-counting fractal dimensions range from 1.1227 to 1.4767.Maximum decreases in ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocity of coal affected by NMP,CS_(2)and combined solvent are 2.700%,20.521%,22.454%,respectively.Solvent treatments could lead to increasing amount of both mesopores and macropores.Decrease ratio of fractal dimension Dsis 0.259%–2.159%,while permeability increases ratio of NMR ranges from 0.1904 to 6.4486.Meanwhile,combined solvent could dissolve coal polar and non-polar small molecules and expand flow space.Results could provide reference for solvent selection and parameter optimization of permeability-enhancement technology.
文摘The World Health Organization states that foodborne diseases are a worldwide public health issue. Although street foods can provide nutritious and affordable ready-to-eat meals for city dwellers, their health risks can outweigh the benefits. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Bamako district, focusing on street food vendors near schools, universities, extensive markets, administrative centers, and major roads. We aimed to sample fifty (50) sellers per municipality, making 300 sellers for the Bamako district. We developed a survey sheet to collect data, and six teams rotated between the municipalities each month. Before starting the collection, the teams were provided administrative papers approved by the municipal authority. The survey revealed three types of sales sites: fixed (65%), semi-fixed (30%), and mobile (4.40%). The proportion of sellers was 26.8%, 23.2%, 19.7%, and 4.2% in municipalities III, IV, and I. In municipalities I, II, III, IV, and VI, respectively, 92%, 95.70%, 93%, 87.2%, and 100% of the sellers were female. The age distribution of sellers was 65.63%, 46.81%, 40.82%, 38.30%, 36.17%, 36%, and 32% in the 25-34 and 35 - 44 age groups. Illiteracy rates were 59.20%, 61.70%, 55.30%, 75%, and 56% in municipalities I, II, III, IV, and VI, respectively. The study identified two categories of sellers: 48.3% in type 1 and 51.7% in type 2. The first category comprised 154 sellers, and the second 165 sellers. The survey found that 66.00%, 56.00%, 48.90%, 44.90%, 38.30%, and 34.40% of municipal V, VI, III, I, II, and IV sales sites were open-air. In municipality I, 63.30% of the sites were under hangars, while in municipalities II and IV, the corresponding percentages were 51.10% and 59.40%, respectively. Moreover, 46.00%, 31.90%, 31.30%, 30.60%, and 27.70% of the sites in municipalities VI, II, IV, I, and III were located next to gutters. In conclusion, this study identified several factors that could compromise the quality of street foods sold in the six municipalities of Bamako.
基金financed by the State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection(No.SKLGP2023K022)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2022CFA011).
文摘High-speed sliding often leads to catastrophic landslides,many of which,in the initial sliding phase before disintegration,experience a friction-induced thermal pressurization effect in the bottom shear band,accelerating the movement of the overlying sliding mass.To quantitatively investigate this complex multiphysical phenomenon,we established a set of equations that describe the variations in temperature and excess pore pressure within the shear band,as well as the conservation of momentum equation for the overlying sliding mass.With a simplified landslide model,we investigated the variations of temperature and excess pore pressure within the shear band and their impacts on the velocity of the overlying sliding mass.On this basis,we studied the impact of seven key parameters on the maximum temperature and excess pore pressure in the shear band,as well as the impact on the velocity of the overlying sliding mass.The simulation results of the standard model show that the temperature and excess pore pressure in the shear band are significantly higher than those in the adjacent areas,and reach the maximum values in the center.Within a few seconds after the start,the maximum excess pore pressure in the shear zone is close to the initial stress,and the shear strength loss rate exceeds 90%.The thermal pressurization mechanism significantly increases the velocity of the overlying sliding mass.The results of parameter sensitivity analysis show that the thermal expansion coefficient has the most significant impact on the temperature and excess pore pressure in the shear band,and the sliding surface dip angle has the most significant impact on the velocity of the overlying sliding mass.The results of this study are of great significance for clarifying the mechanism of thermal pressurization-induced high-speed sliding.
基金The research work described herein was funded by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41877213).This financial support is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘The boundary condition is a crucial factor affecting the permeability variation due to suffusion.An experimental investigation on the permeability of gap-graded soil due to horizontal suffusion considering the boundary effect is conducted,where the hydraulic head difference(DH)varies,and the boundary includes non-loss and soil-loss conditions.Soil samples are filled into seven soil storerooms connected in turn.After evaluation,the variation in content of fine sand(ΔR_(f))and the hydraulic conductivity of soils in each storeroom(C_(i))are analyzed.In the non-loss test,the soil sample filling area is divided into runoff,transited,and accumulated areas according to the negative or positive ΔR_(f) values.ΔR_(f) increases from negative to positive along the seepage path,and Ci decreases from runoff area to transited area and then rebounds in accumulated area.In the soil-loss test,all soil sample filling areas belong to the runoff area,where the gentle-loss,strengthened-loss,and alleviated-loss parts are further divided.ΔR_(f) decreases from the gentle-loss part to the strengthened-loss part and then rebounds in the alleviated-loss part,and C_(i) increases and then decreases along the seepage path.The relationship between ΔR_(f) and Ci is different with the boundary condition.Ci exponentially decreases with ΔR_(f) in the non-loss test and increases with ΔR_(f) generally in the soil-loss test.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22376065)Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology(No.ESK202104)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(22ZR1418600)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology(No.20DZ2250400)
文摘Emerging contaminants (ECs) are widely present in aquatic environments, posing potential risks to both ecosystems and human health. Theultrasound-assisted persulfate oxidation process has attracted considerable attention in the degradation of ECs due to its ability to generate bothsulfate radicals and cavitation effects, enhancing degradation effects. In this paper, the principle of ultrasonic synergistic Fenton-like oxidationsystem for degrading organic pollutants was reviewed, divided into homogeneous system, non-homogeneous system, and single-atom system toexplore the synergistic effect of ultrasound-enhanced persulfate technology in three aspects, and the effects of environmental factors such asultrasonic frequency and power, system pH, temperature, and initial oxidant concentration on the system's decontamination performance werediscussed. Finally, future research on ultrasonically activated persulfate technology is summarized and prospected.
