Amidst Dhaka city’s rapidly growing urban fabric, Dhanmondi Lake is one of the few remaining natural features that directly impacts the area’s microclimate, which is especially relevant to combating the increasing u...Amidst Dhaka city’s rapidly growing urban fabric, Dhanmondi Lake is one of the few remaining natural features that directly impacts the area’s microclimate, which is especially relevant to combating the increasing urban heat island phenomenon. This research investigates the lake’s diurnal and spatial impact on local temperature and humidity variations between greenspaces and concrete landscapes. Data from 14 monitoring points, collected over two months (March-April 2024), were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, median, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson’s correlation coefficient), alongside spatial analysis through Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) to visualize microclimate patterns. The results demonstrate that during the daytime, temperatures are higher in concrete areas and lower near the lake, with a strong positive correlation between distance from the lake and temperature across the lake (r = 0.933, p = 0.002). Conversely, at night, temperature decreases as the distance from the lake increases, with a strong negative correlation between them (r = −0.983, p = 0.000). The recorded nighttime temperature was relatively stable with a small variation (mean = 28.47˚C, SD = 0.21˚C) across the lake, suggesting the lake’s ability to retain heat at night. In contrast, the average temperature in the areas near the lake was relatively more stable (mean = 28.59˚C, SD = 0.06˚C). Humidity consistently showed a strong negative correlation with distance from the lake both day (r = −0.993, p = 0.000) and night (r = −0.977, p = 0.000), with higher humidity levels near the lake and lower concrete areas. These findings emphasize that distance from the lake and greenspace is a key factor influencing microclimate. The results lead to policy recommendations highlighting integrating natural elements into urban planning to mitigate urban heat island (UHI) effects and enhance thermal comfort.展开更多
Climate change severely challenges our ecosystem and society,affecting urban residents’socioeconomic activities.Thus,assessing severe weather risk is crucial for evaluating urban sustainability;understanding trends,c...Climate change severely challenges our ecosystem and society,affecting urban residents’socioeconomic activities.Thus,assessing severe weather risk is crucial for evaluating urban sustainability;understanding trends,causes,and impacts on socioeconomic development;and supporting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)13.Using meteorological data from 1980 to 2020,we investigate five disaster-causing severe weather events in China and construct a comprehensive index of extreme climate risk(CIECR)at the county,city,province,and national levels.The CIECR can identify high-risk regions and primary severe weather events and provide early warnings.We empirically test the impact of extreme climate risks on agricultural production,industrial structure,and labor employment.The results show high risks in Xinjiang,northern Inner Mongolia,and southern regions,with high temperatures,low temperatures,and high winds as the leading risks.At the national level,the extreme climate risk fluctuates,indicating climate warming.While risks reduce agricultural production and employment,they promote modern agriculture,industrial production,and urbanization.The novelty of the study lies in its development of the county-level CIECR,which can capture heterogeneity characteristics and provide microdata support for urban climate change research and efforts toward SDG 13.This study aids in mitigating climate risks;responding to climate change;and comprehensively analyzing the causes,trends,and impacts of extreme climate risks.展开更多
Purpose:The metropolitan cities of Johannesburg,Ekurhuleni and Tshwane play an important role in the economy of the Gauteng province in South Africa.The region constitutes to 22.4 percent of the total population of So...Purpose:The metropolitan cities of Johannesburg,Ekurhuleni and Tshwane play an important role in the economy of the Gauteng province in South Africa.The region constitutes to 22.4 percent of the total population of South Africa and has a strong presence and contributes in areas of manufacturing sector,financial and business services,retail and wholesale trade,etc.The rapid urban population,increase in the informal settlements and socio-economic opportunities has resulted in considerable urban sprawl in and around the urban fringe areas of these metropolitan cities.The urban fringe areas of these metros often come under the influence of rapid urbanization process and pressures.Coupled with the economical and potential land dynamics and lack of priority of spatial development guidelines,these areas attract rapid and haphazard development from communities and developers.Research Design/Methodology:This research is based on a qualitative approach through a comprehensive literature review that included content analysis of key documents on housing sector such as IDPs(Integrated Development Plans),Municipal Annual Reports,Growth Development Strategies,and among other sectoral documents on housing sector.Some of the key priority issues considered in the housing sector included:eradication of housing backlogs,spatial restructuring of housing,provision of choice in terms of location,tenure and housing typology.Findings:The current paper discusses the approaches of metropolitan housing development processes in three metropolitan cities of South Africa from Gauteng region,namely:Johannesburg,Ekurhuleni and Tshwane.The paper discusses the existing housing sectoral scenario along with the fringe areas in three cities with focus on:formal and informal settlements,housing segregation and the backlogs,current institutional arrangements,role of public private participation,and scope for alternate mechanisms.The paper concludes in discussion on sustainable development options for housing development in urban fringe areas.展开更多
High-quality development is the primary task of comprehensively building a socialist,modern country,as well as the primary task of building urban agglomerations in China.Based on the five development concepts,this pap...High-quality development is the primary task of comprehensively building a socialist,modern country,as well as the primary task of building urban agglomerations in China.Based on the five development concepts,this paper used the entropy method to measure the High Quality Development Index(HQDI)of the five major urban agglomerations.The results showed that the HQDI of the five major urban agglomerations shows a fluctuating upward trend.First,using the Dagum Gini coefficient to explore the sources of HQDI development differences in urban agglomerations,we found that the main source of HQDI differences in urban agglomerations was inter-regional differences,while intra-regional differences were not important.Second,kernel density estimation was used to test the dynamic evolution trend of HQDI within urban agglomerations.There was a polarisation phenomenon in the HQDI of urban agglomerations,such as the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration and the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration.But overall,the degree of imbalance had decreased.Third,using geographic detectors to examine the driving factors of HQDI in urban agglomerations,we found that the main driving forces for improving HQDI in urban agglomerations were economic growth,artificial intelligence technology and fiscal decentralisation.All the interaction factors had greater explanatory power for the spatial differentiation of HQDI,which can be divided into two types:two-factor improvement and non-linear improvement.This study is conducive to improving and enriching the theoretical system for evaluating the high quality development of urban agglomerations,and provides policy references for promoting the high quality development of urban agglomerations.展开更多
In response to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and China’s“Dual Carbon”Goals(DCGs means the goals of“Carbon Peak and carbon neutrality”),this paper from the perspective of the construction of Ch...In response to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and China’s“Dual Carbon”Goals(DCGs means the goals of“Carbon Peak and carbon neutrality”),this paper from the perspective of the construction of China’s Innovation Demonstration Zones for Sustainable Development Agenda(IDZSDAs),combines carbon emission-related metrics to construct a comprehensive assessment system for Urban Sustainable Development Capacity(USDC).After obtaining USDC assessment results through the assessment system,an approach combining Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator(LASSO)regression and Random Forest(RF)based on machine learning is proposed for identifying influencing factors and characterizing key issues.Combining Coupling Coordination Degree(CCD)analysis,the study further summarizes the systemic patterns and future directions of urban sustainable development.A case study on the IDZSDAs from 2015 to 2022 reveals that:(1)the combined identification method based on machine learning and CCD models effectively quantifies influencing factors and key issues in the urban sustainable development process;(2)the correspondence between influencing factors and key subsystems identified by the LASSO-RF combination model is generally consistent with the development situations in various cities;and(3)the machine learning-based combined recognition method is scalable and dynamic.It enables decision-makers to accurately identify influencing factors and characterize key issues based on actual urban development needs.展开更多
This paper discusses collaborative planning principles as a means to improve water supply systems in the case of Delhi,India,through primary and secondary data analysis.The theory of collaborative planning is a well-e...This paper discusses collaborative planning principles as a means to improve water supply systems in the case of Delhi,India,through primary and secondary data analysis.The theory of collaborative planning is a well-established concept applied to obtain effective policies in planning through the collaboration of actors in a shared space.We use this framework to discuss strengths,weaknesses,and scope for collaboration in the current urban development plan formulation process of the city.Some of the principles of collaborative planning we use include communication,collective decision-making processes,and network power in a shared institutional environment.Ourfindings indicate a lack of considera-tion of water policies in the urban development plans.This underlines a major gap in the current process of plan formulation and provides evidence that the absence of collaboration between institutions in both sectors contributes to poor water supply for the population in Delhi.At the same time,it emphasizes the importance of collaborative practices between urban development and water institutions for better planning of water service provision in Indian cities.展开更多
With the advent of the new concept of an“urban park”and the new paradigm of urban development,Chongqing Municipality has actively embraced this vision,integrating it with the city’s unique geographical and demograp...With the advent of the new concept of an“urban park”and the new paradigm of urban development,Chongqing Municipality has actively embraced this vision,integrating it with the city’s unique geographical and demographic conditions.The city has prioritized urban park construction as a key project for public welfare,aiming to address issues such as uneven geographical distribution,limited functionality,and mismatched supply and demand.This initiative seeks to optimize urban parks as vital public resources while protecting the ecological environment.Adhering to principles of functional priority,safety and comfort,shared development,and distinctive features,Chongqing has incorporated parks and other green open spaces into its basic urban planning.This approach aims to create beautiful,comfortable and age-friendly shared urban spaces.This study,grounded in the urban park development concept and the characteristics of a mountainous,multi-center city,constructs a model to measure urban park satisfaction in Chongqing’s main urban area.The model considers supply-demand matching and resident satisfaction.It aims to systematically review relevant policies,plans,and cutting-edge theories,analyze the urban park development in Chongqing,understand residents’needs,and address issues related to supply-demand matching,multifunctionality,and quality construction.The findings provide insights into the development and conservation of urban parks in Chongqing and beyond,aiming to continually meet the public’s growing desire for a better quality of life and support high-quality development.展开更多
The environmental impact issues,such as global warming and expansion of the urban zone,seem more serious and have become the biggest defining challenges of the 21st century.Climate change can lead to water shortages,d...The environmental impact issues,such as global warming and expansion of the urban zone,seem more serious and have become the biggest defining challenges of the 21st century.Climate change can lead to water shortages,desertification,land degradation,air pollution,rising sea levels,accelerated deforestation,and exacerbated economic pressures.Global urban growth greatly impacts changes in sociability,humanity,and the environment of the Earth.The human presence,especially in cities,seriously affects resource use and waste disposal,and they are consuming natural resources faster than the planet can sustain during urbanization,changing how people live.China,with a population of 1.3 billion,has seen tens of millions of people living in the countryside migrate to cities,especially megacities,since the 1980s.As a result of its decision to industrialize and urbanize to boost the economy,China has become the world’s second-largest consumer of energy.In recent years,China’s government has quickly recognized the lessons of“limits to growth”and has taken action by initiating the construction process in Dongtan,Shanghai,China.They are making efforts to build urban-rural integration communities to promote sustainable development.Based on a literature review focusing on Dongtan,research questions are raised according to the research objective:(1)What are the challenges of sustainable development in urban-rural integration?(2)What practices has Dongtan implemented for sustainable development,or how is sustainable development being applied to Dongtan?(3)What are the social,political,environmental,and economic concerns regarding the sustainable development of Dongtan?The sustainable urban-rural integration concerns the ecological,economic,environmental,and psychological aspects of urban-rural integration design and management.The overall objective is to promote sustainable development in economic,social,ecological,and spatial dimensions.It will be a liveable,complete community that makes economic,environmental,and social sense locally while also contributing to national and global sustainable development.It will serve as a compelling model for how to build sustainable urban-rural integration worldwide.展开更多
With the rapid development of our country’s economy,education has gradually become the focus of social attention.The problem of unbalanced distribution of urban and rural educational resources has become increasingly...With the rapid development of our country’s economy,education has gradually become the focus of social attention.The problem of unbalanced distribution of urban and rural educational resources has become increasingly prominent,urban educational resources are relatively rich,while rural educational resources are relatively scarce,and the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education has become an urgent task.This paper mainly investigates and studies the distribution of urban and rural educational resources,discusses the unbalanced distribution of urban and rural educational resources and analyzes the reasons,and puts forward a series of corresponding solutions to promote the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education.展开更多
This paper presents the results of a series of studies on the influence of curing conditions on the strength development of high strength concrete. The 1-, 3-, 7-, 14- and 28-day strengths of four different mixes of G...This paper presents the results of a series of studies on the influence of curing conditions on the strength development of high strength concrete. The 1-, 3-, 7-, 14- and 28-day strengths of four different mixes of Grade 75 similar to 80 concrete, with or without pulverized fuel ash and/or condensed silica fume, under five different curing regimes were investigated. It is revealed that the curing conditions have significant influence on both the short term and long term strength development of the concrete and that concrete mixes of the same grade but containing different mineral admixtures show distinct favour for a curing regime. These results will be helpful for evaluating suitable curing methods for high strength concrete with different mix proportions.展开更多
HVFA （high-volume fly ash） concrete could be a sustainable way for by-product utilization to conserve natural resources and protect environment. HVFA concrete can play the role of a high-performance material that ma...HVFA （high-volume fly ash） concrete could be a sustainable way for by-product utilization to conserve natural resources and protect environment. HVFA concrete can play the role of a high-performance material that may be comparable to the conventional Portland cement concrete. The results of the research programme concerning the relationships between the composition of concrete （w/b ratio, fly ash content and type of cement） and their physical and mechanical properties are presented and discussed in the paper. It is found that the introduction of high-volume fly ash into concrete has caused a decrease in compressive strength at the early age of storage. The significant increase in strength was observed between 28 days and 90 days of curing. The high-volume fly ash concretes were characterized with lower water absorbability and sorptivity than control concrete.展开更多
It was announced recently that important progress had been made on the development of the LM-7 launch vehicle. Assembly welding of the booster oxidizer tank for propulsion system test-firing, the first structural prod...It was announced recently that important progress had been made on the development of the LM-7 launch vehicle. Assembly welding of the booster oxidizer tank for propulsion system test-firing, the first structural product of LM-7, has been performed at Capital Aerospace Machinery Corporation, CALT. The 2.25m diameter oxidizer tank is only 0.17cm in thinness in the thinnest area and is nearly 13m in length increased from the current 4.5m, which is the展开更多
Urban sustainable development is under influence of social, economic and environmental factors. Xinjiang is in a new cross-domain development stage, and the research on urban sustainable development in Xinjiang wil be...Urban sustainable development is under influence of social, economic and environmental factors. Xinjiang is in a new cross-domain development stage, and the research on urban sustainable development in Xinjiang wil be an important contribu-tion to sustainable development in western China. In this paper, with the district of Urumqi city as the study area, environmental indicators in 2011 economic society were col ected to establish an index system of factors affecting the sustainable de-velopment, and to make analysis and comprehensive evaluation on the influence factors, proposing suggestions and countermeasures of sustainable development in districts or counties in Urumqi County as per quantitative and qualitative analysis methods.展开更多
This paper summarized the theory and research progress of urban wetland park and elaborated development status of urban wetland park construction at home and abroad,analyzed the existing problems of domestic urban wet...This paper summarized the theory and research progress of urban wetland park and elaborated development status of urban wetland park construction at home and abroad,analyzed the existing problems of domestic urban wetland park.In 1970s,some developed countries began to focus on restoration and construction of ecological environment in wetland and restoration work of habitats,with the sustainable development as the goal,a complete theoretical system was formed initially.But domestic theory research of wetland was relatively weak,and wetland restoration and wetland protection policies,etc.are relatively backward.This paper elaborated current situation of construction and development of urban wetland park,analyzed the existing problems of domestic urban wetland park,which mainly showed in the following aspects:blindly following suit without full scientific verification,unreasonable selecting of lands,unreasonable management system,inadequate policy and regulations,and lack of a huge human resources and mature technologies.This paper also put forward several guidance recommendations for existed problems of domestic urban wetlands from the ecological point of view,including giving primary importance to the protection of ecological environment of water in urban wetland park,and treating fouling species correctly.展开更多
By analyzing the urbanization of rural areas in Heilongjiang Province,the authors pointed out the existing problems:insufficient motive power of its subjects,low construction level,less prominent functional features o...By analyzing the urbanization of rural areas in Heilongjiang Province,the authors pointed out the existing problems:insufficient motive power of its subjects,low construction level,less prominent functional features of townlets,low scale merits,low efficiency of resource distribution and so on.According to the classification of its townlets,the following 4 modes were given for the rural urbanization of Heilongjiang:A.Motivated by Ecological Construction.It is to solve population problems through ecological migrants,enhance infrastructure construction of townlets,strengthen their capacity of concentrating and absorbing resources;B.Motivated by featured agriculture.It is to develop featured industries on the basis of featured resources with market as the orientation,create a favorable exterior development environment for featured agriculture with the help of government;C.Based on Competitive Tourist Products.It is to coordinate the development of tourism and townlets through scientific planning,design competitive tourism projects and build famous tourism towns;D.Driven by Trade and Processing Industry.It is to promote the capacity of these towns in developing foreign trade,improve policy environment and trade facilities.All these 4 modes are proposed on the basis of actual conditions to give more choices for the characteristic urbanization of its rural areas.展开更多
The paper had introduced researches on urban forest park and analyzed its particularity.In terms of elimination of externality during development and tourism consumption process of urban forest park,real estate agent ...The paper had introduced researches on urban forest park and analyzed its particularity.In terms of elimination of externality during development and tourism consumption process of urban forest park,real estate agent had been introduced and two assumptions had been proposed to eliminate externality.As for elimination of externality during development of urban forest park,right to use planning land for urban forest park and surrounding land for real estate development would be sold to estate agent who would develop urban forest park and commodity house;the management of forest urban park would be undertaken by tourism development companies for which estate agent would make compensation.As for elimination of externality during tourism consumption process,it would control with policies and laws,or establish ticket system.As the study hadn't been conducted on policies about urban land and real estate,the feasibility of the first assumption needed to be further studied by environmental economists.展开更多
Targeting modernization, we should keep to the Chinese-style path of car- rying out industrialization in a new way and advancing IT application, urbanization, and agricultural modernization. In the research, the scien...Targeting modernization, we should keep to the Chinese-style path of car- rying out industrialization in a new way and advancing IT application, urbanization, and agricultural modernization. In the research, the scientific concepts of IT applica- tion, urbanization, agricultural modernization and industrialization were illustrated and the interrelations were analyzed, with measures on harmonized development pro- posed based on existing problems.展开更多
In the perspective of natural geological climate and social economic situation of Chengdu City,the paper had analyzed the tendency of integration of urban-rural development in Chengdu,and proposed strategy to construc...In the perspective of natural geological climate and social economic situation of Chengdu City,the paper had analyzed the tendency of integration of urban-rural development in Chengdu,and proposed strategy to construct world modern garden city.It had illustrated basic conditions to construct world modern garden city in Chengdu at current period,and it was considered that good timing,geographical convenience and good human relations were involved in this strategy.In order to satisfy the six traits of word modern garden city,it had proposed short-term,mid-term and long-term targets;and focused on industrial development,enriching and benefiting the people,opening up to the outside world and institutional innovation.It also suggested weakening original economic geological pattern of Chengdu,so as to form complete urban system of sharing homogeneity of market construction,policy allocation,basic facilities,and social security system,seek for general welfare and diverse cooperation,and finally construct world modern garden city with good living environment,excellent investment environment,fine cultural atmosphere,high functional level,and strong comprehensive competitiveness.展开更多
Urbanization development quality(UDQ) of urban agglomeration(UA) is one of the important indexes to evaluate if the UA urbanization speed is reasonable,if the population urbanization process is sound,if the economic u...Urbanization development quality(UDQ) of urban agglomeration(UA) is one of the important indexes to evaluate if the UA urbanization speed is reasonable,if the population urbanization process is sound,if the economic urbanization process is efficient,if the social urbanization process is harmonious and fair,which is generally composed of three parts,including economic urbanization development quality,social urbanization development quality and spa-tial urbanization security quality.With the research of evolution rules of UDQ,through the analysis on the interactive coordination relation between UDQ and urbanization level,the paper proposes three dimensional index ball and stan-dard value of comprehensive measures of UDQ,which is composed of three categories of indexes.By introducing At-kinson model,this paper constructs the sub-element measure model and segmental measure model of UDQ,and fur-ther makes an overall evaluation on the characteristic of UDQ of UAs in China.Results show that:1) UDQ of UAs lied at optimization and upgrading phase during 1995-2008 and the quality was low.Population urbanization level did not reflect the UDQ of UAs;2) the improving speed of the spatial urbanization security quality was higher than the so-cial urbanization development quality,and the improving speed of economic urbanization development quality was the lowest;3) the coordination between UDQ and urbanization level was not so good;4) there was a weak correlation re-lation between UDQ and UA scale,and it was not true that the bigger the UA was,the better the UDQ was.展开更多
文摘Amidst Dhaka city’s rapidly growing urban fabric, Dhanmondi Lake is one of the few remaining natural features that directly impacts the area’s microclimate, which is especially relevant to combating the increasing urban heat island phenomenon. This research investigates the lake’s diurnal and spatial impact on local temperature and humidity variations between greenspaces and concrete landscapes. Data from 14 monitoring points, collected over two months (March-April 2024), were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, median, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson’s correlation coefficient), alongside spatial analysis through Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) to visualize microclimate patterns. The results demonstrate that during the daytime, temperatures are higher in concrete areas and lower near the lake, with a strong positive correlation between distance from the lake and temperature across the lake (r = 0.933, p = 0.002). Conversely, at night, temperature decreases as the distance from the lake increases, with a strong negative correlation between them (r = −0.983, p = 0.000). The recorded nighttime temperature was relatively stable with a small variation (mean = 28.47˚C, SD = 0.21˚C) across the lake, suggesting the lake’s ability to retain heat at night. In contrast, the average temperature in the areas near the lake was relatively more stable (mean = 28.59˚C, SD = 0.06˚C). Humidity consistently showed a strong negative correlation with distance from the lake both day (r = −0.993, p = 0.000) and night (r = −0.977, p = 0.000), with higher humidity levels near the lake and lower concrete areas. These findings emphasize that distance from the lake and greenspace is a key factor influencing microclimate. The results lead to policy recommendations highlighting integrating natural elements into urban planning to mitigate urban heat island (UHI) effects and enhance thermal comfort.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under the theme“Construction of a data representation framework for sustainable development indicators”[Grant No.2022YFC3802903-01]the National Natural Science Foundation of China“An economic theory based on the new production function in carbon neutrality”[Grant No.72250064]the National Natural Science Foundation of China“Macroeconomics”[Grant No.72122011].
文摘Climate change severely challenges our ecosystem and society,affecting urban residents’socioeconomic activities.Thus,assessing severe weather risk is crucial for evaluating urban sustainability;understanding trends,causes,and impacts on socioeconomic development;and supporting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)13.Using meteorological data from 1980 to 2020,we investigate five disaster-causing severe weather events in China and construct a comprehensive index of extreme climate risk(CIECR)at the county,city,province,and national levels.The CIECR can identify high-risk regions and primary severe weather events and provide early warnings.We empirically test the impact of extreme climate risks on agricultural production,industrial structure,and labor employment.The results show high risks in Xinjiang,northern Inner Mongolia,and southern regions,with high temperatures,low temperatures,and high winds as the leading risks.At the national level,the extreme climate risk fluctuates,indicating climate warming.While risks reduce agricultural production and employment,they promote modern agriculture,industrial production,and urbanization.The novelty of the study lies in its development of the county-level CIECR,which can capture heterogeneity characteristics and provide microdata support for urban climate change research and efforts toward SDG 13.This study aids in mitigating climate risks;responding to climate change;and comprehensively analyzing the causes,trends,and impacts of extreme climate risks.
文摘Purpose:The metropolitan cities of Johannesburg,Ekurhuleni and Tshwane play an important role in the economy of the Gauteng province in South Africa.The region constitutes to 22.4 percent of the total population of South Africa and has a strong presence and contributes in areas of manufacturing sector,financial and business services,retail and wholesale trade,etc.The rapid urban population,increase in the informal settlements and socio-economic opportunities has resulted in considerable urban sprawl in and around the urban fringe areas of these metropolitan cities.The urban fringe areas of these metros often come under the influence of rapid urbanization process and pressures.Coupled with the economical and potential land dynamics and lack of priority of spatial development guidelines,these areas attract rapid and haphazard development from communities and developers.Research Design/Methodology:This research is based on a qualitative approach through a comprehensive literature review that included content analysis of key documents on housing sector such as IDPs(Integrated Development Plans),Municipal Annual Reports,Growth Development Strategies,and among other sectoral documents on housing sector.Some of the key priority issues considered in the housing sector included:eradication of housing backlogs,spatial restructuring of housing,provision of choice in terms of location,tenure and housing typology.Findings:The current paper discusses the approaches of metropolitan housing development processes in three metropolitan cities of South Africa from Gauteng region,namely:Johannesburg,Ekurhuleni and Tshwane.The paper discusses the existing housing sectoral scenario along with the fringe areas in three cities with focus on:formal and informal settlements,housing segregation and the backlogs,current institutional arrangements,role of public private participation,and scope for alternate mechanisms.The paper concludes in discussion on sustainable development options for housing development in urban fringe areas.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72373094,72303149)Scientific Research Start-up Funds of Guangdong Ocean University(No.060302082319)。
文摘High-quality development is the primary task of comprehensively building a socialist,modern country,as well as the primary task of building urban agglomerations in China.Based on the five development concepts,this paper used the entropy method to measure the High Quality Development Index(HQDI)of the five major urban agglomerations.The results showed that the HQDI of the five major urban agglomerations shows a fluctuating upward trend.First,using the Dagum Gini coefficient to explore the sources of HQDI development differences in urban agglomerations,we found that the main source of HQDI differences in urban agglomerations was inter-regional differences,while intra-regional differences were not important.Second,kernel density estimation was used to test the dynamic evolution trend of HQDI within urban agglomerations.There was a polarisation phenomenon in the HQDI of urban agglomerations,such as the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration and the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration.But overall,the degree of imbalance had decreased.Third,using geographic detectors to examine the driving factors of HQDI in urban agglomerations,we found that the main driving forces for improving HQDI in urban agglomerations were economic growth,artificial intelligence technology and fiscal decentralisation.All the interaction factors had greater explanatory power for the spatial differentiation of HQDI,which can be divided into two types:two-factor improvement and non-linear improvement.This study is conducive to improving and enriching the theoretical system for evaluating the high quality development of urban agglomerations,and provides policy references for promoting the high quality development of urban agglomerations.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under the sub-theme“Research on the Path of Enhancing the Sustainable Development Capacity of Cities and Towns under the Carbon Neutral Goal”[Grant No.2022YFC3802902-04].
文摘In response to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and China’s“Dual Carbon”Goals(DCGs means the goals of“Carbon Peak and carbon neutrality”),this paper from the perspective of the construction of China’s Innovation Demonstration Zones for Sustainable Development Agenda(IDZSDAs),combines carbon emission-related metrics to construct a comprehensive assessment system for Urban Sustainable Development Capacity(USDC).After obtaining USDC assessment results through the assessment system,an approach combining Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator(LASSO)regression and Random Forest(RF)based on machine learning is proposed for identifying influencing factors and characterizing key issues.Combining Coupling Coordination Degree(CCD)analysis,the study further summarizes the systemic patterns and future directions of urban sustainable development.A case study on the IDZSDAs from 2015 to 2022 reveals that:(1)the combined identification method based on machine learning and CCD models effectively quantifies influencing factors and key issues in the urban sustainable development process;(2)the correspondence between influencing factors and key subsystems identified by the LASSO-RF combination model is generally consistent with the development situations in various cities;and(3)the machine learning-based combined recognition method is scalable and dynamic.It enables decision-makers to accurately identify influencing factors and characterize key issues based on actual urban development needs.
文摘This paper discusses collaborative planning principles as a means to improve water supply systems in the case of Delhi,India,through primary and secondary data analysis.The theory of collaborative planning is a well-established concept applied to obtain effective policies in planning through the collaboration of actors in a shared space.We use this framework to discuss strengths,weaknesses,and scope for collaboration in the current urban development plan formulation process of the city.Some of the principles of collaborative planning we use include communication,collective decision-making processes,and network power in a shared institutional environment.Ourfindings indicate a lack of considera-tion of water policies in the urban development plans.This underlines a major gap in the current process of plan formulation and provides evidence that the absence of collaboration between institutions in both sectors contributes to poor water supply for the population in Delhi.At the same time,it emphasizes the importance of collaborative practices between urban development and water institutions for better planning of water service provision in Indian cities.
基金Chongqing Graduate Student Research and Innovation Program“Research on Residents’Satisfaction and Development Countermeasures of Mountainous Urban Parks under the Perspective of‘Urban Park’-Taking the Main District of Chongqing as an Example”(Project No.CYS240803)Master’s Degree Innovation Program“Urban Park”of Chongqing University of Science and Technology“Research on the Development Path of Urban Eco-Park Tourism in the Perspective of‘Urban Park’-Taking the Central Park Community in Chongqing as an Example”(Project No.YKJCX2320908)。
文摘With the advent of the new concept of an“urban park”and the new paradigm of urban development,Chongqing Municipality has actively embraced this vision,integrating it with the city’s unique geographical and demographic conditions.The city has prioritized urban park construction as a key project for public welfare,aiming to address issues such as uneven geographical distribution,limited functionality,and mismatched supply and demand.This initiative seeks to optimize urban parks as vital public resources while protecting the ecological environment.Adhering to principles of functional priority,safety and comfort,shared development,and distinctive features,Chongqing has incorporated parks and other green open spaces into its basic urban planning.This approach aims to create beautiful,comfortable and age-friendly shared urban spaces.This study,grounded in the urban park development concept and the characteristics of a mountainous,multi-center city,constructs a model to measure urban park satisfaction in Chongqing’s main urban area.The model considers supply-demand matching and resident satisfaction.It aims to systematically review relevant policies,plans,and cutting-edge theories,analyze the urban park development in Chongqing,understand residents’needs,and address issues related to supply-demand matching,multifunctionality,and quality construction.The findings provide insights into the development and conservation of urban parks in Chongqing and beyond,aiming to continually meet the public’s growing desire for a better quality of life and support high-quality development.
文摘The environmental impact issues,such as global warming and expansion of the urban zone,seem more serious and have become the biggest defining challenges of the 21st century.Climate change can lead to water shortages,desertification,land degradation,air pollution,rising sea levels,accelerated deforestation,and exacerbated economic pressures.Global urban growth greatly impacts changes in sociability,humanity,and the environment of the Earth.The human presence,especially in cities,seriously affects resource use and waste disposal,and they are consuming natural resources faster than the planet can sustain during urbanization,changing how people live.China,with a population of 1.3 billion,has seen tens of millions of people living in the countryside migrate to cities,especially megacities,since the 1980s.As a result of its decision to industrialize and urbanize to boost the economy,China has become the world’s second-largest consumer of energy.In recent years,China’s government has quickly recognized the lessons of“limits to growth”and has taken action by initiating the construction process in Dongtan,Shanghai,China.They are making efforts to build urban-rural integration communities to promote sustainable development.Based on a literature review focusing on Dongtan,research questions are raised according to the research objective:(1)What are the challenges of sustainable development in urban-rural integration?(2)What practices has Dongtan implemented for sustainable development,or how is sustainable development being applied to Dongtan?(3)What are the social,political,environmental,and economic concerns regarding the sustainable development of Dongtan?The sustainable urban-rural integration concerns the ecological,economic,environmental,and psychological aspects of urban-rural integration design and management.The overall objective is to promote sustainable development in economic,social,ecological,and spatial dimensions.It will be a liveable,complete community that makes economic,environmental,and social sense locally while also contributing to national and global sustainable development.It will serve as a compelling model for how to build sustainable urban-rural integration worldwide.
文摘With the rapid development of our country’s economy,education has gradually become the focus of social attention.The problem of unbalanced distribution of urban and rural educational resources has become increasingly prominent,urban educational resources are relatively rich,while rural educational resources are relatively scarce,and the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education has become an urgent task.This paper mainly investigates and studies the distribution of urban and rural educational resources,discusses the unbalanced distribution of urban and rural educational resources and analyzes the reasons,and puts forward a series of corresponding solutions to promote the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education.
文摘This paper presents the results of a series of studies on the influence of curing conditions on the strength development of high strength concrete. The 1-, 3-, 7-, 14- and 28-day strengths of four different mixes of Grade 75 similar to 80 concrete, with or without pulverized fuel ash and/or condensed silica fume, under five different curing regimes were investigated. It is revealed that the curing conditions have significant influence on both the short term and long term strength development of the concrete and that concrete mixes of the same grade but containing different mineral admixtures show distinct favour for a curing regime. These results will be helpful for evaluating suitable curing methods for high strength concrete with different mix proportions.
文摘HVFA （high-volume fly ash） concrete could be a sustainable way for by-product utilization to conserve natural resources and protect environment. HVFA concrete can play the role of a high-performance material that may be comparable to the conventional Portland cement concrete. The results of the research programme concerning the relationships between the composition of concrete （w/b ratio, fly ash content and type of cement） and their physical and mechanical properties are presented and discussed in the paper. It is found that the introduction of high-volume fly ash into concrete has caused a decrease in compressive strength at the early age of storage. The significant increase in strength was observed between 28 days and 90 days of curing. The high-volume fly ash concretes were characterized with lower water absorbability and sorptivity than control concrete.
文摘It was announced recently that important progress had been made on the development of the LM-7 launch vehicle. Assembly welding of the booster oxidizer tank for propulsion system test-firing, the first structural product of LM-7, has been performed at Capital Aerospace Machinery Corporation, CALT. The 2.25m diameter oxidizer tank is only 0.17cm in thinness in the thinnest area and is nearly 13m in length increased from the current 4.5m, which is the
文摘Urban sustainable development is under influence of social, economic and environmental factors. Xinjiang is in a new cross-domain development stage, and the research on urban sustainable development in Xinjiang wil be an important contribu-tion to sustainable development in western China. In this paper, with the district of Urumqi city as the study area, environmental indicators in 2011 economic society were col ected to establish an index system of factors affecting the sustainable de-velopment, and to make analysis and comprehensive evaluation on the influence factors, proposing suggestions and countermeasures of sustainable development in districts or counties in Urumqi County as per quantitative and qualitative analysis methods.
基金Supported by Research Project of Jiangxi Provincial Office of Education(GJJ10403)~~
文摘This paper summarized the theory and research progress of urban wetland park and elaborated development status of urban wetland park construction at home and abroad,analyzed the existing problems of domestic urban wetland park.In 1970s,some developed countries began to focus on restoration and construction of ecological environment in wetland and restoration work of habitats,with the sustainable development as the goal,a complete theoretical system was formed initially.But domestic theory research of wetland was relatively weak,and wetland restoration and wetland protection policies,etc.are relatively backward.This paper elaborated current situation of construction and development of urban wetland park,analyzed the existing problems of domestic urban wetland park,which mainly showed in the following aspects:blindly following suit without full scientific verification,unreasonable selecting of lands,unreasonable management system,inadequate policy and regulations,and lack of a huge human resources and mature technologies.This paper also put forward several guidance recommendations for existed problems of domestic urban wetlands from the ecological point of view,including giving primary importance to the protection of ecological environment of water in urban wetland park,and treating fouling species correctly.
基金Supported by the Consultation Project for Major Policy Decisions in Social Sciences of Heilongjiang Province(10-A007)Heilongjiang Provincial Youth Program of Social Sciences(2010)"Research onSupporting Policies for Modern Agricultural Development in Hei-longjiang Province"Humanities and Social Sciences Program of the Heilongjiang Provincial Department of Education(11552064)~~
文摘By analyzing the urbanization of rural areas in Heilongjiang Province,the authors pointed out the existing problems:insufficient motive power of its subjects,low construction level,less prominent functional features of townlets,low scale merits,low efficiency of resource distribution and so on.According to the classification of its townlets,the following 4 modes were given for the rural urbanization of Heilongjiang:A.Motivated by Ecological Construction.It is to solve population problems through ecological migrants,enhance infrastructure construction of townlets,strengthen their capacity of concentrating and absorbing resources;B.Motivated by featured agriculture.It is to develop featured industries on the basis of featured resources with market as the orientation,create a favorable exterior development environment for featured agriculture with the help of government;C.Based on Competitive Tourist Products.It is to coordinate the development of tourism and townlets through scientific planning,design competitive tourism projects and build famous tourism towns;D.Driven by Trade and Processing Industry.It is to promote the capacity of these towns in developing foreign trade,improve policy environment and trade facilities.All these 4 modes are proposed on the basis of actual conditions to give more choices for the characteristic urbanization of its rural areas.
文摘The paper had introduced researches on urban forest park and analyzed its particularity.In terms of elimination of externality during development and tourism consumption process of urban forest park,real estate agent had been introduced and two assumptions had been proposed to eliminate externality.As for elimination of externality during development of urban forest park,right to use planning land for urban forest park and surrounding land for real estate development would be sold to estate agent who would develop urban forest park and commodity house;the management of forest urban park would be undertaken by tourism development companies for which estate agent would make compensation.As for elimination of externality during tourism consumption process,it would control with policies and laws,or establish ticket system.As the study hadn't been conducted on policies about urban land and real estate,the feasibility of the first assumption needed to be further studied by environmental economists.
文摘Targeting modernization, we should keep to the Chinese-style path of car- rying out industrialization in a new way and advancing IT application, urbanization, and agricultural modernization. In the research, the scientific concepts of IT applica- tion, urbanization, agricultural modernization and industrialization were illustrated and the interrelations were analyzed, with measures on harmonized development pro- posed based on existing problems.
文摘In the perspective of natural geological climate and social economic situation of Chengdu City,the paper had analyzed the tendency of integration of urban-rural development in Chengdu,and proposed strategy to construct world modern garden city.It had illustrated basic conditions to construct world modern garden city in Chengdu at current period,and it was considered that good timing,geographical convenience and good human relations were involved in this strategy.In order to satisfy the six traits of word modern garden city,it had proposed short-term,mid-term and long-term targets;and focused on industrial development,enriching and benefiting the people,opening up to the outside world and institutional innovation.It also suggested weakening original economic geological pattern of Chengdu,so as to form complete urban system of sharing homogeneity of market construction,policy allocation,basic facilities,and social security system,seek for general welfare and diverse cooperation,and finally construct world modern garden city with good living environment,excellent investment environment,fine cultural atmosphere,high functional level,and strong comprehensive competitiveness.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40971101)Key Direction in Knowledge Innovation Programs of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-321-05)
文摘Urbanization development quality(UDQ) of urban agglomeration(UA) is one of the important indexes to evaluate if the UA urbanization speed is reasonable,if the population urbanization process is sound,if the economic urbanization process is efficient,if the social urbanization process is harmonious and fair,which is generally composed of three parts,including economic urbanization development quality,social urbanization development quality and spa-tial urbanization security quality.With the research of evolution rules of UDQ,through the analysis on the interactive coordination relation between UDQ and urbanization level,the paper proposes three dimensional index ball and stan-dard value of comprehensive measures of UDQ,which is composed of three categories of indexes.By introducing At-kinson model,this paper constructs the sub-element measure model and segmental measure model of UDQ,and fur-ther makes an overall evaluation on the characteristic of UDQ of UAs in China.Results show that:1) UDQ of UAs lied at optimization and upgrading phase during 1995-2008 and the quality was low.Population urbanization level did not reflect the UDQ of UAs;2) the improving speed of the spatial urbanization security quality was higher than the so-cial urbanization development quality,and the improving speed of economic urbanization development quality was the lowest;3) the coordination between UDQ and urbanization level was not so good;4) there was a weak correlation re-lation between UDQ and UA scale,and it was not true that the bigger the UA was,the better the UDQ was.
