This work discusses issues related to the impact of urbanization on the microphysical processes of precipitating systems associated with synoptic, mesoscale, and local scale systems. Among the issues addressed is the ...This work discusses issues related to the impact of urbanization on the microphysical processes of precipitating systems associated with synoptic, mesoscale, and local scale systems. Among the issues addressed is the impact of urban heat <span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">island (UHI) in S<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#F7F7F7;">ã</span></span></span></span>o Paulo city center and urban densification (UD) in the</span><span> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Metropolitan Area of S<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#F7F7F7;">ã</span></span></span></span>o Paulo (MASP) on the microphysical, dynamic, and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> thermodynamic properties and distribution of precipitation and heavier rainfall from sea-breeze (SB) e cold-front (CF) combined during their space-time evolutions. For this purpose, it used four components: classification of hydrometeors with fuzzy logic, calculation of the raindrop diameters, an estimate of liquid water mass and ice mass from polarimetric-variables measured with dual-pola- rization X-band meteorological radar. The results indicated that urban densification (UD) and heat island (UHI) of the S<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#F7F7F7;">ã</span></span></span></span>o Paulo city center impact the formation of precipitation, liquid water mass, and ice mass, depth, and duration of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a thunderstorm. It was also observed the asymmetric configuration of the th</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">understorm is induced by the strong convergence in the S<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#F7F7F7;">ã</span></span></span></span>o Paulo city center, and this strong convergence is induced by the intense heat island (UHI) in the S<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#F7F7F7;">ã</span></span></span></span>o Paulo city center. Was also observed that this event that is formed in the Metropolitan Area of S<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#F7F7F7;">ã</span></span></span>o Paulo (MASP) depends on microphysical processes of mixed-phase of the cloud (water and ice) above the 0<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span></span>C isotherm for the production of intense rain and cold pool at the surface. These important microphysical processes within long-lasting secondary convective cells over the S<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#F7F7F7;">ã</span></span></span></span>o Paulo city center should be taken into account on convective parameterization schemes as well as the associated cold pool dynamics.</span></span></span></span>展开更多
Nano Research volume 13,pages1686–1692(2020)Cite this article 210 Accesses 1 Citations Metrics details Abstract Fiber-shaped supercapacitors(FSCs),owing to their high-power density and feasibility to be integrated in...Nano Research volume 13,pages1686–1692(2020)Cite this article 210 Accesses 1 Citations Metrics details Abstract Fiber-shaped supercapacitors(FSCs),owing to their high-power density and feasibility to be integrated into woven clothes,have drawn tremendous attentions as a key device for flexible energy storage.However,how to store more energy while withstanding various types of mechanical deformation is still a challenge for FSCs.Here,based on a magnetron sputtering method,different pseudocapacitive materials are conformally coated on self-supported carbon nanotube aligned films.This fabrication approach enables a stretchable,asymmetric,coaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitors with high performance.The asymmetric electrode configuration that consists of CNT@NiO@MnOx cathode and CNT@Fe2O3 anode successfully extends the FSC’s electrochemical window to 1.8 V in an aqueous electrolyte.As a result,a high specific capacitance of 10.4 F·cm^−3 is achieved at a current density of 30 mA·cm^−3 corresponding to a high energy density of 4.7 mWh·cm^−3.The mechanical stability of the stretchable FSC is demonstrated with a sustainable performance under strains up to 75%and a capacitance retention of 95%after 2,000 cycles under 75%strain.展开更多
文摘This work discusses issues related to the impact of urbanization on the microphysical processes of precipitating systems associated with synoptic, mesoscale, and local scale systems. Among the issues addressed is the impact of urban heat <span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">island (UHI) in S<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#F7F7F7;">ã</span></span></span></span>o Paulo city center and urban densification (UD) in the</span><span> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Metropolitan Area of S<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#F7F7F7;">ã</span></span></span></span>o Paulo (MASP) on the microphysical, dynamic, and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> thermodynamic properties and distribution of precipitation and heavier rainfall from sea-breeze (SB) e cold-front (CF) combined during their space-time evolutions. For this purpose, it used four components: classification of hydrometeors with fuzzy logic, calculation of the raindrop diameters, an estimate of liquid water mass and ice mass from polarimetric-variables measured with dual-pola- rization X-band meteorological radar. The results indicated that urban densification (UD) and heat island (UHI) of the S<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#F7F7F7;">ã</span></span></span></span>o Paulo city center impact the formation of precipitation, liquid water mass, and ice mass, depth, and duration of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a thunderstorm. It was also observed the asymmetric configuration of the th</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">understorm is induced by the strong convergence in the S<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#F7F7F7;">ã</span></span></span></span>o Paulo city center, and this strong convergence is induced by the intense heat island (UHI) in the S<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#F7F7F7;">ã</span></span></span></span>o Paulo city center. Was also observed that this event that is formed in the Metropolitan Area of S<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#F7F7F7;">ã</span></span></span>o Paulo (MASP) depends on microphysical processes of mixed-phase of the cloud (water and ice) above the 0<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"="">°</span></span>C isotherm for the production of intense rain and cold pool at the surface. These important microphysical processes within long-lasting secondary convective cells over the S<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, " font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#f7f7f7;"=""><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#F7F7F7;">ã</span></span></span></span>o Paulo city center should be taken into account on convective parameterization schemes as well as the associated cold pool dynamics.</span></span></span></span>
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFB0100100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21433013,U1832218,and 21975140).
文摘Nano Research volume 13,pages1686–1692(2020)Cite this article 210 Accesses 1 Citations Metrics details Abstract Fiber-shaped supercapacitors(FSCs),owing to their high-power density and feasibility to be integrated into woven clothes,have drawn tremendous attentions as a key device for flexible energy storage.However,how to store more energy while withstanding various types of mechanical deformation is still a challenge for FSCs.Here,based on a magnetron sputtering method,different pseudocapacitive materials are conformally coated on self-supported carbon nanotube aligned films.This fabrication approach enables a stretchable,asymmetric,coaxial fiber-shaped supercapacitors with high performance.The asymmetric electrode configuration that consists of CNT@NiO@MnOx cathode and CNT@Fe2O3 anode successfully extends the FSC’s electrochemical window to 1.8 V in an aqueous electrolyte.As a result,a high specific capacitance of 10.4 F·cm^−3 is achieved at a current density of 30 mA·cm^−3 corresponding to a high energy density of 4.7 mWh·cm^−3.The mechanical stability of the stretchable FSC is demonstrated with a sustainable performance under strains up to 75%and a capacitance retention of 95%after 2,000 cycles under 75%strain.
