Humans have always engaged with their surroundings and the ecology in which they live.However,during the industrial age,this contact has been more intense and has had a substantial impact on environment and ecosystems...Humans have always engaged with their surroundings and the ecology in which they live.However,during the industrial age,this contact has been more intense and has had a substantial impact on environment and ecosystems.For example,overexploitation of natural resources,mining,pollution,and deforestation are all elements that negatively affect biodiversity and natural resources.Few studies have been conducted to evaluate the damage caused,despite the significant uncontrolled pressure from human activity.However,maintaining its environment is essential to the survival of coastal fishing.Goal:This study’s goal was to evaluate how human activity affected Tabounsou’s coastal ecology in order to suggest remedial actions for sustainable management.The following was the methodological approach used:executive consultation and archival analysis;stakeholder survey(locals,farmers,salt producers,fishers,and loggers);inventory of species;anthropogenic activity inventory;evaluation of how human activity affects aquatic life in the research region;suggestion and action for sustainable management;Outcome:Executive consultation indicated that the main issues are:construction projects that reduce the estuary’s surface area;agricultural practices such as woodcutting and salt farming;the rise in resource exploitation;noncompliance with fisheries laws;and the catching of young fish.Eighty-three percent of fisherman ditch their nets on the coast after using them,but only seventeen percent burn them.With a 75%frequency rate,the same survey indicates that most fisherman fish around the coast.In the Tabounsou area,according to loggers’survey,68%of the wood cut is Rhizophora,24%is Avicennia,and 8%is Laguncularia.Three fish stocks,representing nine families and nine species,were identified by the species inventory.At 18%and 15%,respectively,the actors most frequently capture the species Pseudotolithus elongatus and Arius parkii.According to a poll of 30 farmers,90%of them apply fertilizer to their soil,while only 10%do not.During the dry season,salt is grown.According to two actors,Bougna Toro Toro produces 100 kg of salt per day,followed by Khoumawadé,which produces 80 kg,and Toumbibougni,which produces 70 kg.展开更多
The fight against insalubrity in large urban and peri-urban agglomerations is a major challenge in developing countries. This problem is compounded by that of sustainable waste management mechanisms. Indeed, the curre...The fight against insalubrity in large urban and peri-urban agglomerations is a major challenge in developing countries. This problem is compounded by that of sustainable waste management mechanisms. Indeed, the current waste collection system in Guinea has proved inadequate, as moving garbage from point “A” to point “B” is tantamount to “moving the problem”. The aim of this experimental work is to demonstrate the cost-effectiveness and benefits of sustainable waste management. As part of this drive to valorize biodegradable waste, the Waste Management Research Center has undertaken a series of activities ranging from composting organic waste to testing compost on certain crop varieties. An experimental field of 8024 m2 was laid out and treated with 1500 Kg of fine compost in doses ranging from 2.5 to 5 T/ha. Two crop varieties, eggplant and chili, were tested. Compost application increased production yields: 15 to 21 tonnes of eggplant and 10.4 to 11.1 tonnes of chili per hectare. Growth rates compared with usual yields varied from 50% to 64% and from 11% to 17% for eggplant and chili, respectively. This study resulted in an optimum compost dose of 2.5 T/ha for this phase.展开更多
1. Introduction In the past 100 years, earth＇s changing climate has resulted in widespread and significant impacts, with the strongest and most comprehensive evidence of climate change being seen in natural systems. ...1. Introduction In the past 100 years, earth＇s changing climate has resulted in widespread and significant impacts, with the strongest and most comprehensive evidence of climate change being seen in natural systems. Some impacts on human systems have also been observed, including impacts on water resources and hydrological systems, species shifting and migration, and negative impacts on crop yields. The most noticeable impacts are believed to result from extreme climate-related events such as those that have recently occurred, including heat waves, droughts, floods, tropical cyclones, and wildfires.展开更多
Sustainable management of scenic and recreational forest based on the integration of forest landscape beauty and recreational functions is the foundation of forest tourism. Adhering to the principles of structural opt...Sustainable management of scenic and recreational forest based on the integration of forest landscape beauty and recreational functions is the foundation of forest tourism. Adhering to the principles of structural optimization, healthy and vital, beautiful landscape, sound function, and comprehensive benefi t, the hotspot and core task in the current construction of scenic and recreational forest is to conserve, transform and improve forest landscape. The ThousandIsland Lake National Forest Park is endowed with peculiar island scenery, it is necessary to construct a stable threedimensional comprehensive protection system covering "mountain, land and lake", enhance the ecological environment conservation of the lake as well as the lakefront wetland, promote the ecological restoration and coloring construction of forest, protect integrality and diversity of the biosystem, and construct ecological urban-rural system using regional scenic spot concept, so as to build the lake into a model of the sustainable operation of scenic and recreational forest.展开更多
Bulgarian cultural heritage is the most important part of the national wealth and a major factor in the accreditation of the Bulgarian cultural identity. Preservation of cultural and historical heritage valuables of o...Bulgarian cultural heritage is the most important part of the national wealth and a major factor in the accreditation of the Bulgarian cultural identity. Preservation of cultural and historical heritage valuables of one nation determines its development and presents an integrated project for their use in accordance with the contemporary needs of the society. Sustainable management and adaptation of Bulgarian cultural and historical heritage buildings are a guarantee for preservation of their value, including social, economical, political, scientific, aesthetic, philosophical, spiritual, architectural, structural, archeological and sentimental aspects of this value. Regarding to this, structural preservation presents a priority of the sustainable management of Bulgarian cultural and historical heritage buildings. For that type of buildings, the traditional methods for structural strengthening are not applicable and the development of individual rehabilitation programs is required. They must always reflect the specific conditions and building＇s importance. The existing technical regulations in Bulgaria are presented and general recommendations for their applications and future development are done. Regarding to the Bulgarian current law and governing regulations, the implementation plan for the conservation and management is presented in this paper. Based on the analysis of the principles of the sustainable management and especially of the structural preservation, some general conclusions are made.展开更多
Blockchain is a distributed database that is shared among the nodes of a computer network.Blocks have certain storage capacity and,when filled,they are closed,and linked to the previously filled block,forming a chain....Blockchain is a distributed database that is shared among the nodes of a computer network.Blocks have certain storage capacity and,when filled,they are closed,and linked to the previously filled block,forming a chain.Blockchains are typically managed by a peer-to-peer method where nodes collectively adhere to a consensus algorithm protocol to add and validate new transaction blocks.The author makes a review of Blockchain applications in different areas,considerable challenges,her own experience with Blockchain in Smart Grid and other researchers`contributions.The paper presents the first stage of project“Smart Grid for Sustainable Management of Environmental Resources Usage”-describing Managed Objects classes for selected functional areas of Blockchain life cycle:Configuration,Security,and Performance.The author uses the life cycle of telecommunication networks as a reference.The models are designed for user interface developers,university professors,and students.展开更多
This study examines sustainable waste management practices from the household perspective in Nkongsamba, Cameroon, highlighting challenges and opportunities within urban settings. The research is guided by three prima...This study examines sustainable waste management practices from the household perspective in Nkongsamba, Cameroon, highlighting challenges and opportunities within urban settings. The research is guided by three primary objectives: 1) to assess the current waste management practices among households;2) to identify the barriers to effective waste disposal and recycling;and 3) to explore community perceptions regarding municipal waste management services. Employing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires administered to 155 households and complemented by field observations. Qualitative insights were gathered from interviews with municipal leaders, quarter heads, and waste recycling agents. This dual approach allowed for a comprehensive understanding of waste management behaviors and stakeholder perspectives. The findings reveal that while many households engage in basic waste separation, significant barriers persist, including inadequate municipal services, lack of awareness about recycling benefits, and insufficient infrastructure. Additionally, community perceptions indicate a general distrust in municipal waste management effectiveness, leading to alternative disposal methods. Based on these findings, the study recommends enhancing public awareness campaigns about proper waste management practices and the benefits of recycling. Furthermore, investment in waste management infrastructure and improved service delivery from local authorities is crucial. Engaging communities in the development of waste management policies will also foster trust and cooperation, ultimately contributing to more sustainable waste management practices across Nkongsamba and other cities in Cameroon.展开更多
Finding sustainable energy resources is essential to face the increasing energy demand.Trees are an important part of ancient architecture but are becoming rare in urban areas.Trees can control and tune the pedestrian...Finding sustainable energy resources is essential to face the increasing energy demand.Trees are an important part of ancient architecture but are becoming rare in urban areas.Trees can control and tune the pedestrian-level wind velocity and thermal condition.In this study,a numerical investigation is employed to assess the role of trees planted in the windward direction of the building complex on the thermal and pedestrian wind velocity conditions around/inside a pre-education building located in the center of the complex.Compared to the previous studies(which considered only outside buildings),this work considers the effects of trees on microclimate change both inside/outside buildings.Effects of different parameters including the leaf area density and number of trees,number of rows,far-field velocity magnitude,and thermal condition around the main building are assessed.The results show that the flow velocity in the spacing between the first-row buildings is reduced by 30%-40% when the one-row trees with 2 m height are planted 15 m farther than the buildings.Furthermore,two rows of trees are more effective in higher velocities and reduce the maximum velocity by about 50%.The investigation shows that trees also could reduce the temperature by about 1℃around the building.展开更多
This study uses logistic and Poisson regression models to examine the factors influencing the adoption of sustain-able land management(SLM)practices in Mali using two rounds of the nationally representative survey Enq...This study uses logistic and Poisson regression models to examine the factors influencing the adoption of sustain-able land management(SLM)practices in Mali using two rounds of the nationally representative survey Enquête Agricole de Conjoncture Intégrée aux Conditions de Vie des Ménages.The SLMs considered include the applica-tion of organic fertilizers,the application of inorganic fertilizers,the use of improved seeds,and the practice of intercropping.On average the application of organic fertilizers(39.2%),and inorganic fertilizers(28.7%)are the most frequent SLM practices among Malian farmers,and between 2014 and 2017,we observe a decline in the practice of intercropping.The regression results show that farmers’adoption of different SLMs is significantly associated with biophysical factors(average temperature,climate type,plot size,plot shape,and location),de-mographic factors(age,gender,education,household size),and socioeconomic factors(number of cultivated plots,livelihood diversification,type of crop grown,market access,credit access,economic shocks,and social capital).Our findings suggest that policymakers and agricultural development agencies in Mali need to adopt a multidimensional policy framework to unlock the untapped potential of SLM practices in promoting sustainable agriculture and food security.展开更多
This study, which took place around the Boumba-Bek National Park (BBNP) in Cameroon, was based on identifying and characterizing stakeholders in forest resources management, as well as determining the relationships be...This study, which took place around the Boumba-Bek National Park (BBNP) in Cameroon, was based on identifying and characterizing stakeholders in forest resources management, as well as determining the relationships between them, with the goal of encouraging collaborative forest resources management. Purposive sampling was adopted, in which focus group discussions, key informant interviews, semi-structured interviews, and snowball sampling were used for data collection. Focus group discussions were conducted with a total of 20 local associations involved in forest and wildlife management, Bantu traditional councils and the Baka community. Key informant interviews were conducted with local and international NGOs, forest exploitation and Sport hunting (Safari) enterprises and local public administrations that had working rapports with village communities around the BBNP. Information was generally sought on the role of stakeholders in forest management, in terms of use, protection, policy enforcement, challenges encountered in their activities and their relationships with other stakeholders. Actor linkage matrix was used to establish the relationships between different stakeholders. The identified stakeholder groups included the local community, State, international and local NGOs, economic operators (forest exploitation and sport hunting enterprises), and also the rules guiding their activities. Conflicts were rife between the community and the other stakeholders with regard to resource accessibility and use, whereas intra-community conflicts mostly resulted from cases of corruption and embezzlement linked to benefits sharing. Cases of collaboration among all the stakeholders were mostly related to anti-poaching patrols and setting of forest concession limits. There is a need to bring all stakeholders on the same platform, such as in a consultation workshop, to get their perceptions on building trust, conflict resolution and genuine collaboration in resources management.展开更多
China is one of the largest countries in the world in terms of planted forests area. Planted forests play an important role in soil and water conservation, food source, timber supply and energy security, but there are...China is one of the largest countries in the world in terms of planted forests area. Planted forests play an important role in soil and water conservation, food source, timber supply and energy security, but there are still many problems waiting for immediate resolution. Based on the current development status of planted forest in China, the paper made an comprehensive analysis for the positive impact and existing problems with regard to planted forests, and then came up with policy recommendations for promoting sustainable management of planted forests, mainly including: 1) to accelerate planted forests development and improve the quality; 2) to strengthen the protection and management, and quicken the development of planted forests; 3) to enhance the scientific planning for planted forests; 4) to reinforce the management for forests harvesting so as to promote the reasonable utilization of planted forests; 5) to perfect the management system for planted forest resources and improve the managerial capacity; 6) to complete related laws and regulations and improve the policy guarantee system; 7) to reinforce the forest tenure reform and establish a sound planted forest land transference system. Finally, the paper presented the future action framework for guiding the sustainable management of planted forests in China.展开更多
In the coastal catchments of Shandong Province the water scarcity is aggravated due to saltwater intrusion, reducing the usability of water resources available. Such a situation calls for sustainable integrated water ...In the coastal catchments of Shandong Province the water scarcity is aggravated due to saltwater intrusion, reducing the usability of water resources available. Such a situation calls for sustainable integrated water resources management (IWRM). The idea for the objectives and implementation of the IWRM are explained in this paper. The general objective of the planned project disscussed in the present study is to bring together German traditional expertise in water resources management and newer developments in the context of the European Water Framework Directive; the research efforts aim to relieve the desperate water scarcity situation in the costal area of Shandong Province.展开更多
The objective of this study entails the review and assessment of the relevance of existing and draft policies and legislation that affects the Non-timber Forest Products （NTFP） sector in Swaziland. A hierarchical me...The objective of this study entails the review and assessment of the relevance of existing and draft policies and legislation that affects the Non-timber Forest Products （NTFP） sector in Swaziland. A hierarchical method of policy and legislation review and analysis was devised for this study. Findings indicated that most national policies and legislation are outdated and old-fashioned, with gaps and overlaps, and there is lack of collaboration between institutions implementing these. The present national forest policy does not adequately guide the development of NTFPs. As a consequence, whilst international policies and legislation capture an excellent spectrum of elements and issues on NTFPs they still remain difficult to implement. However, national level criteria and indicators have issues and elements that are relevant to the sustainable use of NTFPs. It was recommended that national strategies, action plans, policies and legislation be reviewed and updated. The study shows that there are no existing institutional networks or formal collaboration between the institutions involved in the implementation of local, national, regional, and international policies and legislation that affect NTFPs. Government, private sector, Non-Governmental Organizations （NGO＇s）, communities, individuals, and all concerned agencies should jointly develop and implement policies and legislation to provide secure access and benefits to people whose livelihood depends on/is supplemented by NTFPs and further foster networking and collaboration. The immediate adoption and implementation of the 11 policy recommendations on the sustainable management of Non-timber Forest Resources compiled by the Secretariat of the Convention on Biodiversity （CBD） from the Convention on Biological Diversity is highly recommended. It is worthwhile to note that while some of the 11 recommendations were directly inherited from certain articles of the CBD some are general recommendations.展开更多
The increasing need to manage natural resources sustainably, driven by population growth, requires the simultaneous use of Participatory Techniques (PT) and landscape planning for structured decision-making. We conduc...The increasing need to manage natural resources sustainably, driven by population growth, requires the simultaneous use of Participatory Techniques (PT) and landscape planning for structured decision-making. We conducted a bibliometric and systematic review to provide an overview of PT usage, identifying evolution in scientific production. We considered the number of publications and citations, prominent journals, and highly cited articles on scientific papers published in the Web of Science database between 1993 and 2023. A total of 415 articles related to PT were identified. After content evaluation, 19 critical articles were selected that underpin the growing combined use of models and indices with PT, enhancing the robustness and credibility of decision-making processes.展开更多
This paper established sustainable land resources evaluating indicators fit for hilly area in Sichuan Basin, Southwest of China, and evaluated the case of sustainable land management of Lezhi County from 1990 to 2001....This paper established sustainable land resources evaluating indicators fit for hilly area in Sichuan Basin, Southwest of China, and evaluated the case of sustainable land management of Lezhi County from 1990 to 2001. The result showed that the land resource sustainable utilization ability in Lezhi County is belong to Second level （better sustainable）. Secondly, this paper diagnosed some years obstacles of sustainable land management of Lezhi County from base period to goal period and compared the obstacles factors in the indicators system. There were 16 indexes orderly become major affect factor to land sustainable utilization of Lezhi county in indicator system, of which there are 8 obstacles indexes exist both in 1990 and 2001. The value of obstacles degree of five indicators exceeded 5 in 1990, but in 2001, only two indicators＇ values were more than 5.展开更多
We used a goal programming technique to determine the optimal harvest volume for the Iranian Caspian forest. We collected data including volume, growth, wood price at forest roadside, and variable harvesting costs. Th...We used a goal programming technique to determine the optimal harvest volume for the Iranian Caspian forest. We collected data including volume, growth, wood price at forest roadside, and variable harvesting costs. The allometric method was used to quantify seques- trated carbon. Regression analysis was used to derive growth models. Expected mean price was estimated using wood price and variable harvesting costs. Questionnaire was used to determine the constraints and the equation coefficients of the goal programming model. The optimal volume was determined using the goal programming method according to multipurpose forest management. LINGO software was used for analysis. Results indicated that the optimum volumes of species were 250.25 m3.ha-1 for beech, 59 m3.ha-1 for hornbeam, 73 m3.ha-1 for oak, 41 m3.ha-1 for alder, and 32 m3.ha-1 for other species. The total optimum volume is 455.25 m3.ha-1.展开更多
Beijing, the capital city of China, has suffered from acute water shortage, with only 300 m3/a of water resources available per capita. In addition, Beijing has experienced a prolonged period of consecutive droughts f...Beijing, the capital city of China, has suffered from acute water shortage, with only 300 m3/a of water resources available per capita. In addition, Beijing has experienced a prolonged period of consecutive droughts from 1999 to 2010. Water crisis has constrained the socio-economic development of Beijing. Meanwhile, the national "South-to-North Water Transfer"（STNWT） project, which is expected to provide some relief to the water crisis in Beijing, is still under development. In order to ensure the security of water supply in Beijing before the completion of the STNWT project, several measures have been implemented to cope with droughts, including pumping groundwater from emergency well fields,water saving, recycling of water, rain and flood water harvesting, and the diversion of water from neighboring rivers and groundwater basins. Groundwater from four emergency well fields contributes the most to the public and domestic water supplies in Beijing, supplying a total volume of 1.8×10;m;.The water crisis is supposed to be mitigated by the completion of the STNWT project. After the completion of this project, more sustainable management of water resources will be implemented,including the use of aquifers as groundwater reservoirs and conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater resources.展开更多
Environmental education （EE） is a vital dimension of modern day acumen that portends a great promise in solving the myriad environmental resource management challenges at global, regional and local levels. A study w...Environmental education （EE） is a vital dimension of modern day acumen that portends a great promise in solving the myriad environmental resource management challenges at global, regional and local levels. A study was carried out in 18 locations in the Nandi North, Nandi South and Nandi Hills districts of Kenya, which cover the Nandi Hills and Nandi Forests in Nandi County, major water catchments for Lake Victoria. A mixed methodological approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative data obtained from focus group discussions, key informant interviews, household survey and observations was embraced in data collection and analysis. The study reveals that there are several strategies that have been adopted by the local population and institutions involved in the management of the Nandi Hills Forests （NHFs） and that these strategies have contributed to an improvement in the perceptions of the local population in terms of the importance of environmental management of the forests. This paper highlights EE as a vehicle for ensur- ing a sustainable management of the Nandi Hills Forests. As such, it illuminates the great potential that lies in sustainably managing the NHFs by integrating formal and informal EE approaches. It further points out the functional gaps in the management of NHFs and proposes best-practices that could be adopted and/or domesticated in NHFs management regimes.展开更多
The objective of this paper was to determine the factors that influence farmers＇ decision to use two categories of sustainable land management （SLM） practices as adaptation strategy to climate change in the North-W...The objective of this paper was to determine the factors that influence farmers＇ decision to use two categories of sustainable land management （SLM） practices as adaptation strategy to climate change in the North-West Ethiopia. It was based on analysis of data collected from 734 farm household heads and employed probit regression model to analyze the determinants of adaptation to climate change through SLM measures. Based on the model result, factors, like perception of climate change, exposure to adaptation techniques, education, perception of land degradation, slope, land prone to degradation, number of parcels, crop enterprise income, land size, farm distance, economically active family size and agro-ecology are found important in determining farmers＇ decision to use structural land management practices. Likewise, perception of climate change, exposure to adaptation, farming experience, slope, crop enterprise income, land prone to degradation and agro-ecology are found important in affecting farmers＇ decision to use non-structural land management practices as adaptation measure. Therefore, in line with the findings of the analysis, any intervention that promotes use of land management practices as adaptation strategy should take into account agro-ecology specific factors that are relevant to the nature of the land management practices. Moreover, since scaling up of SLM practices as adaptation strategy is resource intensive, it requires both public and non-public investment for providing technological support and raising awareness. Failure to do so would adversely affect crop productivity and exacerbate food insecurity problems at farm household level.展开更多
文摘Humans have always engaged with their surroundings and the ecology in which they live.However,during the industrial age,this contact has been more intense and has had a substantial impact on environment and ecosystems.For example,overexploitation of natural resources,mining,pollution,and deforestation are all elements that negatively affect biodiversity and natural resources.Few studies have been conducted to evaluate the damage caused,despite the significant uncontrolled pressure from human activity.However,maintaining its environment is essential to the survival of coastal fishing.Goal:This study’s goal was to evaluate how human activity affected Tabounsou’s coastal ecology in order to suggest remedial actions for sustainable management.The following was the methodological approach used:executive consultation and archival analysis;stakeholder survey(locals,farmers,salt producers,fishers,and loggers);inventory of species;anthropogenic activity inventory;evaluation of how human activity affects aquatic life in the research region;suggestion and action for sustainable management;Outcome:Executive consultation indicated that the main issues are:construction projects that reduce the estuary’s surface area;agricultural practices such as woodcutting and salt farming;the rise in resource exploitation;noncompliance with fisheries laws;and the catching of young fish.Eighty-three percent of fisherman ditch their nets on the coast after using them,but only seventeen percent burn them.With a 75%frequency rate,the same survey indicates that most fisherman fish around the coast.In the Tabounsou area,according to loggers’survey,68%of the wood cut is Rhizophora,24%is Avicennia,and 8%is Laguncularia.Three fish stocks,representing nine families and nine species,were identified by the species inventory.At 18%and 15%,respectively,the actors most frequently capture the species Pseudotolithus elongatus and Arius parkii.According to a poll of 30 farmers,90%of them apply fertilizer to their soil,while only 10%do not.During the dry season,salt is grown.According to two actors,Bougna Toro Toro produces 100 kg of salt per day,followed by Khoumawadé,which produces 80 kg,and Toumbibougni,which produces 70 kg.
文摘The fight against insalubrity in large urban and peri-urban agglomerations is a major challenge in developing countries. This problem is compounded by that of sustainable waste management mechanisms. Indeed, the current waste collection system in Guinea has proved inadequate, as moving garbage from point “A” to point “B” is tantamount to “moving the problem”. The aim of this experimental work is to demonstrate the cost-effectiveness and benefits of sustainable waste management. As part of this drive to valorize biodegradable waste, the Waste Management Research Center has undertaken a series of activities ranging from composting organic waste to testing compost on certain crop varieties. An experimental field of 8024 m2 was laid out and treated with 1500 Kg of fine compost in doses ranging from 2.5 to 5 T/ha. Two crop varieties, eggplant and chili, were tested. Compost application increased production yields: 15 to 21 tonnes of eggplant and 10.4 to 11.1 tonnes of chili per hectare. Growth rates compared with usual yields varied from 50% to 64% and from 11% to 17% for eggplant and chili, respectively. This study resulted in an optimum compost dose of 2.5 T/ha for this phase.
文摘1. Introduction In the past 100 years, earth＇s changing climate has resulted in widespread and significant impacts, with the strongest and most comprehensive evidence of climate change being seen in natural systems. Some impacts on human systems have also been observed, including impacts on water resources and hydrological systems, species shifting and migration, and negative impacts on crop yields. The most noticeable impacts are believed to result from extreme climate-related events such as those that have recently occurred, including heat waves, droughts, floods, tropical cyclones, and wildfires.
基金Sponsored by Key Soft Science Research Program of Hangzhou City(20150834M12)
文摘Sustainable management of scenic and recreational forest based on the integration of forest landscape beauty and recreational functions is the foundation of forest tourism. Adhering to the principles of structural optimization, healthy and vital, beautiful landscape, sound function, and comprehensive benefi t, the hotspot and core task in the current construction of scenic and recreational forest is to conserve, transform and improve forest landscape. The ThousandIsland Lake National Forest Park is endowed with peculiar island scenery, it is necessary to construct a stable threedimensional comprehensive protection system covering "mountain, land and lake", enhance the ecological environment conservation of the lake as well as the lakefront wetland, promote the ecological restoration and coloring construction of forest, protect integrality and diversity of the biosystem, and construct ecological urban-rural system using regional scenic spot concept, so as to build the lake into a model of the sustainable operation of scenic and recreational forest.
文摘Bulgarian cultural heritage is the most important part of the national wealth and a major factor in the accreditation of the Bulgarian cultural identity. Preservation of cultural and historical heritage valuables of one nation determines its development and presents an integrated project for their use in accordance with the contemporary needs of the society. Sustainable management and adaptation of Bulgarian cultural and historical heritage buildings are a guarantee for preservation of their value, including social, economical, political, scientific, aesthetic, philosophical, spiritual, architectural, structural, archeological and sentimental aspects of this value. Regarding to this, structural preservation presents a priority of the sustainable management of Bulgarian cultural and historical heritage buildings. For that type of buildings, the traditional methods for structural strengthening are not applicable and the development of individual rehabilitation programs is required. They must always reflect the specific conditions and building＇s importance. The existing technical regulations in Bulgaria are presented and general recommendations for their applications and future development are done. Regarding to the Bulgarian current law and governing regulations, the implementation plan for the conservation and management is presented in this paper. Based on the analysis of the principles of the sustainable management and especially of the structural preservation, some general conclusions are made.
文摘Blockchain is a distributed database that is shared among the nodes of a computer network.Blocks have certain storage capacity and,when filled,they are closed,and linked to the previously filled block,forming a chain.Blockchains are typically managed by a peer-to-peer method where nodes collectively adhere to a consensus algorithm protocol to add and validate new transaction blocks.The author makes a review of Blockchain applications in different areas,considerable challenges,her own experience with Blockchain in Smart Grid and other researchers`contributions.The paper presents the first stage of project“Smart Grid for Sustainable Management of Environmental Resources Usage”-describing Managed Objects classes for selected functional areas of Blockchain life cycle:Configuration,Security,and Performance.The author uses the life cycle of telecommunication networks as a reference.The models are designed for user interface developers,university professors,and students.
文摘This study examines sustainable waste management practices from the household perspective in Nkongsamba, Cameroon, highlighting challenges and opportunities within urban settings. The research is guided by three primary objectives: 1) to assess the current waste management practices among households;2) to identify the barriers to effective waste disposal and recycling;and 3) to explore community perceptions regarding municipal waste management services. Employing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires administered to 155 households and complemented by field observations. Qualitative insights were gathered from interviews with municipal leaders, quarter heads, and waste recycling agents. This dual approach allowed for a comprehensive understanding of waste management behaviors and stakeholder perspectives. The findings reveal that while many households engage in basic waste separation, significant barriers persist, including inadequate municipal services, lack of awareness about recycling benefits, and insufficient infrastructure. Additionally, community perceptions indicate a general distrust in municipal waste management effectiveness, leading to alternative disposal methods. Based on these findings, the study recommends enhancing public awareness campaigns about proper waste management practices and the benefits of recycling. Furthermore, investment in waste management infrastructure and improved service delivery from local authorities is crucial. Engaging communities in the development of waste management policies will also foster trust and cooperation, ultimately contributing to more sustainable waste management practices across Nkongsamba and other cities in Cameroon.
文摘Finding sustainable energy resources is essential to face the increasing energy demand.Trees are an important part of ancient architecture but are becoming rare in urban areas.Trees can control and tune the pedestrian-level wind velocity and thermal condition.In this study,a numerical investigation is employed to assess the role of trees planted in the windward direction of the building complex on the thermal and pedestrian wind velocity conditions around/inside a pre-education building located in the center of the complex.Compared to the previous studies(which considered only outside buildings),this work considers the effects of trees on microclimate change both inside/outside buildings.Effects of different parameters including the leaf area density and number of trees,number of rows,far-field velocity magnitude,and thermal condition around the main building are assessed.The results show that the flow velocity in the spacing between the first-row buildings is reduced by 30%-40% when the one-row trees with 2 m height are planted 15 m farther than the buildings.Furthermore,two rows of trees are more effective in higher velocities and reduce the maximum velocity by about 50%.The investigation shows that trees also could reduce the temperature by about 1℃around the building.
文摘This study uses logistic and Poisson regression models to examine the factors influencing the adoption of sustain-able land management(SLM)practices in Mali using two rounds of the nationally representative survey Enquête Agricole de Conjoncture Intégrée aux Conditions de Vie des Ménages.The SLMs considered include the applica-tion of organic fertilizers,the application of inorganic fertilizers,the use of improved seeds,and the practice of intercropping.On average the application of organic fertilizers(39.2%),and inorganic fertilizers(28.7%)are the most frequent SLM practices among Malian farmers,and between 2014 and 2017,we observe a decline in the practice of intercropping.The regression results show that farmers’adoption of different SLMs is significantly associated with biophysical factors(average temperature,climate type,plot size,plot shape,and location),de-mographic factors(age,gender,education,household size),and socioeconomic factors(number of cultivated plots,livelihood diversification,type of crop grown,market access,credit access,economic shocks,and social capital).Our findings suggest that policymakers and agricultural development agencies in Mali need to adopt a multidimensional policy framework to unlock the untapped potential of SLM practices in promoting sustainable agriculture and food security.
文摘This study, which took place around the Boumba-Bek National Park (BBNP) in Cameroon, was based on identifying and characterizing stakeholders in forest resources management, as well as determining the relationships between them, with the goal of encouraging collaborative forest resources management. Purposive sampling was adopted, in which focus group discussions, key informant interviews, semi-structured interviews, and snowball sampling were used for data collection. Focus group discussions were conducted with a total of 20 local associations involved in forest and wildlife management, Bantu traditional councils and the Baka community. Key informant interviews were conducted with local and international NGOs, forest exploitation and Sport hunting (Safari) enterprises and local public administrations that had working rapports with village communities around the BBNP. Information was generally sought on the role of stakeholders in forest management, in terms of use, protection, policy enforcement, challenges encountered in their activities and their relationships with other stakeholders. Actor linkage matrix was used to establish the relationships between different stakeholders. The identified stakeholder groups included the local community, State, international and local NGOs, economic operators (forest exploitation and sport hunting enterprises), and also the rules guiding their activities. Conflicts were rife between the community and the other stakeholders with regard to resource accessibility and use, whereas intra-community conflicts mostly resulted from cases of corruption and embezzlement linked to benefits sharing. Cases of collaboration among all the stakeholders were mostly related to anti-poaching patrols and setting of forest concession limits. There is a need to bring all stakeholders on the same platform, such as in a consultation workshop, to get their perceptions on building trust, conflict resolution and genuine collaboration in resources management.
基金funded by FAO National Forest Programme Facility: Developing the National Guidelines on Responsible Management of Planted Forests in China (PR.No.38817)
文摘China is one of the largest countries in the world in terms of planted forests area. Planted forests play an important role in soil and water conservation, food source, timber supply and energy security, but there are still many problems waiting for immediate resolution. Based on the current development status of planted forest in China, the paper made an comprehensive analysis for the positive impact and existing problems with regard to planted forests, and then came up with policy recommendations for promoting sustainable management of planted forests, mainly including: 1) to accelerate planted forests development and improve the quality; 2) to strengthen the protection and management, and quicken the development of planted forests; 3) to enhance the scientific planning for planted forests; 4) to reinforce the management for forests harvesting so as to promote the reasonable utilization of planted forests; 5) to perfect the management system for planted forest resources and improve the managerial capacity; 6) to complete related laws and regulations and improve the policy guarantee system; 7) to reinforce the forest tenure reform and establish a sound planted forest land transference system. Finally, the paper presented the future action framework for guiding the sustainable management of planted forests in China.
文摘In the coastal catchments of Shandong Province the water scarcity is aggravated due to saltwater intrusion, reducing the usability of water resources available. Such a situation calls for sustainable integrated water resources management (IWRM). The idea for the objectives and implementation of the IWRM are explained in this paper. The general objective of the planned project disscussed in the present study is to bring together German traditional expertise in water resources management and newer developments in the context of the European Water Framework Directive; the research efforts aim to relieve the desperate water scarcity situation in the costal area of Shandong Province.
文摘The objective of this study entails the review and assessment of the relevance of existing and draft policies and legislation that affects the Non-timber Forest Products （NTFP） sector in Swaziland. A hierarchical method of policy and legislation review and analysis was devised for this study. Findings indicated that most national policies and legislation are outdated and old-fashioned, with gaps and overlaps, and there is lack of collaboration between institutions implementing these. The present national forest policy does not adequately guide the development of NTFPs. As a consequence, whilst international policies and legislation capture an excellent spectrum of elements and issues on NTFPs they still remain difficult to implement. However, national level criteria and indicators have issues and elements that are relevant to the sustainable use of NTFPs. It was recommended that national strategies, action plans, policies and legislation be reviewed and updated. The study shows that there are no existing institutional networks or formal collaboration between the institutions involved in the implementation of local, national, regional, and international policies and legislation that affect NTFPs. Government, private sector, Non-Governmental Organizations （NGO＇s）, communities, individuals, and all concerned agencies should jointly develop and implement policies and legislation to provide secure access and benefits to people whose livelihood depends on/is supplemented by NTFPs and further foster networking and collaboration. The immediate adoption and implementation of the 11 policy recommendations on the sustainable management of Non-timber Forest Resources compiled by the Secretariat of the Convention on Biodiversity （CBD） from the Convention on Biological Diversity is highly recommended. It is worthwhile to note that while some of the 11 recommendations were directly inherited from certain articles of the CBD some are general recommendations.
文摘The increasing need to manage natural resources sustainably, driven by population growth, requires the simultaneous use of Participatory Techniques (PT) and landscape planning for structured decision-making. We conducted a bibliometric and systematic review to provide an overview of PT usage, identifying evolution in scientific production. We considered the number of publications and citations, prominent journals, and highly cited articles on scientific papers published in the Web of Science database between 1993 and 2023. A total of 415 articles related to PT were identified. After content evaluation, 19 critical articles were selected that underpin the growing combined use of models and indices with PT, enhancing the robustness and credibility of decision-making processes.
文摘This paper established sustainable land resources evaluating indicators fit for hilly area in Sichuan Basin, Southwest of China, and evaluated the case of sustainable land management of Lezhi County from 1990 to 2001. The result showed that the land resource sustainable utilization ability in Lezhi County is belong to Second level （better sustainable）. Secondly, this paper diagnosed some years obstacles of sustainable land management of Lezhi County from base period to goal period and compared the obstacles factors in the indicators system. There were 16 indexes orderly become major affect factor to land sustainable utilization of Lezhi county in indicator system, of which there are 8 obstacles indexes exist both in 1990 and 2001. The value of obstacles degree of five indicators exceeded 5 in 1990, but in 2001, only two indicators＇ values were more than 5.
文摘We used a goal programming technique to determine the optimal harvest volume for the Iranian Caspian forest. We collected data including volume, growth, wood price at forest roadside, and variable harvesting costs. The allometric method was used to quantify seques- trated carbon. Regression analysis was used to derive growth models. Expected mean price was estimated using wood price and variable harvesting costs. Questionnaire was used to determine the constraints and the equation coefficients of the goal programming model. The optimal volume was determined using the goal programming method according to multipurpose forest management. LINGO software was used for analysis. Results indicated that the optimum volumes of species were 250.25 m3.ha-1 for beech, 59 m3.ha-1 for hornbeam, 73 m3.ha-1 for oak, 41 m3.ha-1 for alder, and 32 m3.ha-1 for other species. The total optimum volume is 455.25 m3.ha-1.
基金funding by Survey and evaluation of geological and mineral resources project: the Construction and Service of the National Groundwater and Land Subsidence Information System (No.DD2060299)
文摘Beijing, the capital city of China, has suffered from acute water shortage, with only 300 m3/a of water resources available per capita. In addition, Beijing has experienced a prolonged period of consecutive droughts from 1999 to 2010. Water crisis has constrained the socio-economic development of Beijing. Meanwhile, the national "South-to-North Water Transfer"（STNWT） project, which is expected to provide some relief to the water crisis in Beijing, is still under development. In order to ensure the security of water supply in Beijing before the completion of the STNWT project, several measures have been implemented to cope with droughts, including pumping groundwater from emergency well fields,water saving, recycling of water, rain and flood water harvesting, and the diversion of water from neighboring rivers and groundwater basins. Groundwater from four emergency well fields contributes the most to the public and domestic water supplies in Beijing, supplying a total volume of 1.8×10;m;.The water crisis is supposed to be mitigated by the completion of the STNWT project. After the completion of this project, more sustainable management of water resources will be implemented,including the use of aquifers as groundwater reservoirs and conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater resources.
文摘Environmental education （EE） is a vital dimension of modern day acumen that portends a great promise in solving the myriad environmental resource management challenges at global, regional and local levels. A study was carried out in 18 locations in the Nandi North, Nandi South and Nandi Hills districts of Kenya, which cover the Nandi Hills and Nandi Forests in Nandi County, major water catchments for Lake Victoria. A mixed methodological approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative data obtained from focus group discussions, key informant interviews, household survey and observations was embraced in data collection and analysis. The study reveals that there are several strategies that have been adopted by the local population and institutions involved in the management of the Nandi Hills Forests （NHFs） and that these strategies have contributed to an improvement in the perceptions of the local population in terms of the importance of environmental management of the forests. This paper highlights EE as a vehicle for ensur- ing a sustainable management of the Nandi Hills Forests. As such, it illuminates the great potential that lies in sustainably managing the NHFs by integrating formal and informal EE approaches. It further points out the functional gaps in the management of NHFs and proposes best-practices that could be adopted and/or domesticated in NHFs management regimes.
文摘The objective of this paper was to determine the factors that influence farmers＇ decision to use two categories of sustainable land management （SLM） practices as adaptation strategy to climate change in the North-West Ethiopia. It was based on analysis of data collected from 734 farm household heads and employed probit regression model to analyze the determinants of adaptation to climate change through SLM measures. Based on the model result, factors, like perception of climate change, exposure to adaptation techniques, education, perception of land degradation, slope, land prone to degradation, number of parcels, crop enterprise income, land size, farm distance, economically active family size and agro-ecology are found important in determining farmers＇ decision to use structural land management practices. Likewise, perception of climate change, exposure to adaptation, farming experience, slope, crop enterprise income, land prone to degradation and agro-ecology are found important in affecting farmers＇ decision to use non-structural land management practices as adaptation measure. Therefore, in line with the findings of the analysis, any intervention that promotes use of land management practices as adaptation strategy should take into account agro-ecology specific factors that are relevant to the nature of the land management practices. Moreover, since scaling up of SLM practices as adaptation strategy is resource intensive, it requires both public and non-public investment for providing technological support and raising awareness. Failure to do so would adversely affect crop productivity and exacerbate food insecurity problems at farm household level.
