Brain plasticity, including anatomical changes and functional reorganization, is the physiological basis of functional recovery after spinal cord injury（SCI）. The correlation between brain anatomical changes and fun...Brain plasticity, including anatomical changes and functional reorganization, is the physiological basis of functional recovery after spinal cord injury（SCI）. The correlation between brain anatomical changes and functional reorganization after SCI is unclear. This study aimed to explore whether alterations of cortical structure and network function are concomitant in sensorimotor areas after incomplete SCI. Eighteen patients with incomplete SCI（mean age 40.94 ± 14.10 years old; male：female, 7：11） and 18 healthy subjects（37.33 ± 11.79 years old; male：female, 7：11） were studied by resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Gray matter volume（GMV） and functional connectivity were used to evaluate cortical structure and network function, respectively. There was no significant alteration of GMV in sensorimotor areas in patients with incomplete SCI compared with healthy subjects. Intra-hemispheric functional connectivity between left primary somatosensory cortex（BA1） and left primary motor cortex（BA4）, and left BA1 and left somatosensory association cortex（BA5） was decreased, as well as inter-hemispheric functional connectivity between left BA1 and right BA4, left BA1 and right BA5, and left BA4 and right BA5 in patients with SCI. Functional connectivity between both BA4 areas was also decreased. The decreased functional connectivity between the left BA1 and the right BA4 positively correlated with American Spinal Injury Association sensory score in SCI patients. The results indicate that alterations of cortical anatomical structure and network functional connectivity in sensorimotor areas were non-concomitant in patients with incomplete SCI, indicating the network functional changes in sensorimotor areas may not be dependent on anatomic structure. The strength of functional connectivity within sensorimotor areas could serve as a potential imaging biomarker for assessment and prediction of sensory function in patients with incomplete SCI. This trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry（registration number： Chi CTR-ROC-17013566）.展开更多
目的采用低频振幅(amplitude of low frequency fluctuation,ALFF)与功能连接(functional connectivity,FC)相结合的方法,研究原发性甲状腺功能亢进患者静息状态下脑功能改变。材料与方法 12名未经治疗的甲亢患者为病例组,12名自愿接受...目的采用低频振幅(amplitude of low frequency fluctuation,ALFF)与功能连接(functional connectivity,FC)相结合的方法,研究原发性甲状腺功能亢进患者静息状态下脑功能改变。材料与方法 12名未经治疗的甲亢患者为病例组,12名自愿接受扫描的健康人(年龄、性别无显著性差异)为对照组。采集所有被试静息态f MRI数据,采用REST及DPARSF软件分析原始数据,得出全脑ALFF,利用双样本t检验的方法比较病例组和对照组ALFF的变化,并以两组间ALFF值有显著性差异的脑区为感兴趣区(regions of interest,ROI)校正后行FC分析。结果与对照组相比,甲亢患者在双侧尾状核及双侧丘脑ALFF值降低(P<0.001)。以上脑区的ALFF值均未发现与T3、T4有显著相关性(P>0.05)。FC分析显示,左侧丘脑与双侧感觉运动区(包括中央前回、中央后回)FC增强(P<0.001);右侧丘脑与右侧中央前回及中央后回连接增强(P<0.001)。结论甲亢患者双侧丘脑的局部活动及其与大脑感觉运动网络的FC模式存在异常,增强的FC可能与代谢损伤所导致运动机能受损而使甲状腺功能异常患者有更强的功能需求有关。展开更多
Background With bipolar disorder(BD)having a lifetime prevalence of 4.4%and a significant portion of patients being chronically burdened by symptoms,there has been an increased focus on uncovering new targets for inte...Background With bipolar disorder(BD)having a lifetime prevalence of 4.4%and a significant portion of patients being chronically burdened by symptoms,there has been an increased focus on uncovering new targets for intervention in BD.One area that has shown early promise is the mitochondrial hypothesis.However,at the time of publication no studies have utilized positron emission tomography(PET)imaging to assess mitochondrial function in the setting of BD.Case Presentation Our participant is a 58 year-old male with a past medical history notable for alcohol use disorder and BD(unspecified type)who underwent PET imaging with the mitochondrial complex I PET ligand^(18)F-BCPP-EF.The resulting images demonstrated significant overlap between areas of dysfunction identified with the^(18)F-BCPP-EF PET ligand and prior functional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)techniques in the setting of BD.That overlap was seen in both affective and cognitive circuits,with mitochondrial dysfunction in the fronto-limbic,ventral affective,and dorsal cognitive circuits showing particularly significant differences.Conclusions Despite mounting evidence implicating mitochondria in BD,this study represents the first PET imaging study to investigate this mechanistic connection.There were key limitations in the form of comorbid alcohol use disorder,limited statistical power inherent to a case study,no sex matched controls,and the absence of a comprehensive psychiatric history.However,even with these limitations in mind,the significant overlap between dysfunction previously demonstrated on functional MRI and this imaging provides compelling preliminary evidence that strengthens the mechanistic link between mitochondrial dysfunction and BD.展开更多
Background The lack of clearly defined neuromodulation targets has contributed to the inconsistent results of real-time fMRI-based neurofeedback(rt-fMRI-NF)for the treatment of chronic pain.Functional neurosurgery(fun...Background The lack of clearly defined neuromodulation targets has contributed to the inconsistent results of real-time fMRI-based neurofeedback(rt-fMRI-NF)for the treatment of chronic pain.Functional neurosurgery(funcSurg)approaches have shown more consistent effects in reducing pain in patients with severe chronic pain.Objective This study aims to redefine rt-fMRI-NF targets for chronic pain management informed by funcSurg studies.Methods Based on independent systematic reviews,we identified the neuromodulation targets of the rt-fMRI-NF(in acute and chronic pain)and funcSurg(in chronic pain)studies.We then characterized the underlying functional networks using a subsample of the 7 T resting-state fMRI dataset from the Human Connectome Project.Principal component analyses(PCA)were used to identify dominant patterns(accounting for a cumulative explained variance>80%)within the obtained functional maps,and the overlap between these PCA maps and canonical intrinsic brain networks(default,salience,and sensorimotor)was calculated using a null map approach.Results The anatomical targets used in rt-fMRI-NF and funcSurg approaches are largely distinct,with the middle cingulate cortex as a common target.Within the investigated canonical rs-fMRI networks,these approaches exhibit both divergent and overlapping functional connectivity patterns.Specifically,rt-fMRI-NF approaches primarily target the default mode network(P value range 0.001–0.002)and the salience network(P=0.002),whereas funcSurg approaches predominantly target the salience network(P=0.001)and the sensorimotor network(P value range 0.001–0.023).Conclusion Key hubs of the salience and sensorimotor networks may represent promising targets for the therapeutic application of rt-fMRI-NF in chronic pain.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program,No.2014081266,20131089382the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.61171002,60372023
文摘Brain plasticity, including anatomical changes and functional reorganization, is the physiological basis of functional recovery after spinal cord injury（SCI）. The correlation between brain anatomical changes and functional reorganization after SCI is unclear. This study aimed to explore whether alterations of cortical structure and network function are concomitant in sensorimotor areas after incomplete SCI. Eighteen patients with incomplete SCI（mean age 40.94 ± 14.10 years old; male：female, 7：11） and 18 healthy subjects（37.33 ± 11.79 years old; male：female, 7：11） were studied by resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Gray matter volume（GMV） and functional connectivity were used to evaluate cortical structure and network function, respectively. There was no significant alteration of GMV in sensorimotor areas in patients with incomplete SCI compared with healthy subjects. Intra-hemispheric functional connectivity between left primary somatosensory cortex（BA1） and left primary motor cortex（BA4）, and left BA1 and left somatosensory association cortex（BA5） was decreased, as well as inter-hemispheric functional connectivity between left BA1 and right BA4, left BA1 and right BA5, and left BA4 and right BA5 in patients with SCI. Functional connectivity between both BA4 areas was also decreased. The decreased functional connectivity between the left BA1 and the right BA4 positively correlated with American Spinal Injury Association sensory score in SCI patients. The results indicate that alterations of cortical anatomical structure and network functional connectivity in sensorimotor areas were non-concomitant in patients with incomplete SCI, indicating the network functional changes in sensorimotor areas may not be dependent on anatomic structure. The strength of functional connectivity within sensorimotor areas could serve as a potential imaging biomarker for assessment and prediction of sensory function in patients with incomplete SCI. This trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry（registration number： Chi CTR-ROC-17013566）.
文摘目的采用低频振幅(amplitude of low frequency fluctuation,ALFF)与功能连接(functional connectivity,FC)相结合的方法,研究原发性甲状腺功能亢进患者静息状态下脑功能改变。材料与方法 12名未经治疗的甲亢患者为病例组,12名自愿接受扫描的健康人(年龄、性别无显著性差异)为对照组。采集所有被试静息态f MRI数据,采用REST及DPARSF软件分析原始数据,得出全脑ALFF,利用双样本t检验的方法比较病例组和对照组ALFF的变化,并以两组间ALFF值有显著性差异的脑区为感兴趣区(regions of interest,ROI)校正后行FC分析。结果与对照组相比,甲亢患者在双侧尾状核及双侧丘脑ALFF值降低(P<0.001)。以上脑区的ALFF值均未发现与T3、T4有显著相关性(P>0.05)。FC分析显示,左侧丘脑与双侧感觉运动区(包括中央前回、中央后回)FC增强(P<0.001);右侧丘脑与右侧中央前回及中央后回连接增强(P<0.001)。结论甲亢患者双侧丘脑的局部活动及其与大脑感觉运动网络的FC模式存在异常,增强的FC可能与代谢损伤所导致运动机能受损而使甲状腺功能异常患者有更强的功能需求有关。
基金supported by the Eisenberg Depression Center Impact Accelerator Grant.
文摘Background With bipolar disorder(BD)having a lifetime prevalence of 4.4%and a significant portion of patients being chronically burdened by symptoms,there has been an increased focus on uncovering new targets for intervention in BD.One area that has shown early promise is the mitochondrial hypothesis.However,at the time of publication no studies have utilized positron emission tomography(PET)imaging to assess mitochondrial function in the setting of BD.Case Presentation Our participant is a 58 year-old male with a past medical history notable for alcohol use disorder and BD(unspecified type)who underwent PET imaging with the mitochondrial complex I PET ligand^(18)F-BCPP-EF.The resulting images demonstrated significant overlap between areas of dysfunction identified with the^(18)F-BCPP-EF PET ligand and prior functional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)techniques in the setting of BD.That overlap was seen in both affective and cognitive circuits,with mitochondrial dysfunction in the fronto-limbic,ventral affective,and dorsal cognitive circuits showing particularly significant differences.Conclusions Despite mounting evidence implicating mitochondria in BD,this study represents the first PET imaging study to investigate this mechanistic connection.There were key limitations in the form of comorbid alcohol use disorder,limited statistical power inherent to a case study,no sex matched controls,and the absence of a comprehensive psychiatric history.However,even with these limitations in mind,the significant overlap between dysfunction previously demonstrated on functional MRI and this imaging provides compelling preliminary evidence that strengthens the mechanistic link between mitochondrial dysfunction and BD.
基金supported by Key R&D project of Science and Technology Department of the Sichuan Province(China),Grant number M112022YFWZ0003。
文摘Background The lack of clearly defined neuromodulation targets has contributed to the inconsistent results of real-time fMRI-based neurofeedback(rt-fMRI-NF)for the treatment of chronic pain.Functional neurosurgery(funcSurg)approaches have shown more consistent effects in reducing pain in patients with severe chronic pain.Objective This study aims to redefine rt-fMRI-NF targets for chronic pain management informed by funcSurg studies.Methods Based on independent systematic reviews,we identified the neuromodulation targets of the rt-fMRI-NF(in acute and chronic pain)and funcSurg(in chronic pain)studies.We then characterized the underlying functional networks using a subsample of the 7 T resting-state fMRI dataset from the Human Connectome Project.Principal component analyses(PCA)were used to identify dominant patterns(accounting for a cumulative explained variance>80%)within the obtained functional maps,and the overlap between these PCA maps and canonical intrinsic brain networks(default,salience,and sensorimotor)was calculated using a null map approach.Results The anatomical targets used in rt-fMRI-NF and funcSurg approaches are largely distinct,with the middle cingulate cortex as a common target.Within the investigated canonical rs-fMRI networks,these approaches exhibit both divergent and overlapping functional connectivity patterns.Specifically,rt-fMRI-NF approaches primarily target the default mode network(P value range 0.001–0.002)and the salience network(P=0.002),whereas funcSurg approaches predominantly target the salience network(P=0.001)and the sensorimotor network(P value range 0.001–0.023).Conclusion Key hubs of the salience and sensorimotor networks may represent promising targets for the therapeutic application of rt-fMRI-NF in chronic pain.
