In recent years,the utilization of 3D printing technology in micro and nano device manufacturing has garneredsignificant attention.Advancements in 3D printing have enabled achieving sub-micron level precision.Unlikeco...In recent years,the utilization of 3D printing technology in micro and nano device manufacturing has garneredsignificant attention.Advancements in 3D printing have enabled achieving sub-micron level precision.Unlikeconventional micro-machining techniques,3D printing offers versatility in material selection,such as polymers.3Dprinting technology has been gradually applied to the general field of microelectronic devices such as sensors,actuators and flexible electronics due to its adaptability and efficacy in microgeometric design and manufacturingprocesses.Furthermore,3D printing technology has also been instrumental in the fabrication of microfluidic devices,both through direct and indirect processes.This paper provides an overview of the evolving landscape of 3D printingtechnology,delineating the essential materials and processes involved in fabricating microelectronic and microfluidicdevices in recent times.Additionally,it synthesizes the diverse applications of these technologies across differentdomains.展开更多
Various hydrogels have been explored to create minimally invasive microneedles(MNs)to extract interstitial fluid(ISF).However,current methods are time-consuming and typically require 10–15 min to extract 3–5 mg of I...Various hydrogels have been explored to create minimally invasive microneedles(MNs)to extract interstitial fluid(ISF).However,current methods are time-consuming and typically require 10–15 min to extract 3–5 mg of ISF.This study introduces two spiral-shaped swellable MN arrays:one made of gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA),and the other incorporating a combination of PVA,polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP),and hyaluronic acid(HA)for fast ISF extraction.These MN arrays demonstrated a rapid swelling ratio of 560±79.6%and 370±34.1%in artificial ISF within 10 min,respectively.Additionally,this study proposes a novel method that combines MNs with a custom-designed Arduino-based applicator vibrating at frequency ranges(50–100 Hz)to improve skin penetration efficiency,thereby enhancing the uptake of ISF in ex vivo.This dynamic combination enables GelMA/PVA MNs to rapidly uptake 6.41±1.01 mg of ISF in just 5 min,while PVA/PVP/HA MNs extract 5.38±0.77 mg of ISF within the same timeframe.To validate the capability of the MNs to recover glucose as the target biomarker,a mild heating procedure is used,followed by determining glucose concentration using a D-glucose content assay kit.The efficient extraction of ISF and glucose detection capabilities of the spiral MNs suggest their potential for rapid and minimally invasive biomarker sensing.展开更多
Timely monitoring of anesthesia status during surgery is important to prevent an overdose of isoflurane anesthesia.Therefore,in-depth studies of the neural mechanisms of anesthetics are warranted.Hippocampal CA1 plays...Timely monitoring of anesthesia status during surgery is important to prevent an overdose of isoflurane anesthesia.Therefore,in-depth studies of the neural mechanisms of anesthetics are warranted.Hippocampal CA1 plays an important role during anesthesia.Currently,a high spatiotemporal resolution microdevice technology for the accurate detection of deep brain nuclei is lacking.In this research,four-shank 32-channel implantable microelectrode arrays(MEAs)were developed for the real-time recording of single-cell level neural information in rat hippocampal CA1.Platinum nanoparticles were modified onto the microelectrodes to substantially enhance the electrical properties of the microelectrode arrays.The modified MEAs exhibited low impedance(11.5±1 kΩ)and small phase delay(-18.5°±2.54°),which enabled the MEAs to record single-cell level neural information with a high signal-to-noise ratio.The MEAs were implanted into the CA1 nuclei of the anesthetized rats,and the electrophysiological signals were recorded under different degrees of anesthesia mediated by low-dose concentrations of isoflurane.The recorded signals were analyzed in depth.Isoflurane caused an inhibition of spike firing rate in hippocampal CA1 neurons,while inducing low-frequency oscillations in CA1,thus enhancing the low-frequency power of local field potentials.In this manner,the spike firing rate and the power of local field potentials in CA1 could characterize the degree of isoflurane anesthesia.The present study provides a technical tool to study the neural mechanisms of isoflurane anesthesia and a research method for monitoring the depth of isoflurane anesthesia in clinical practice.展开更多
Micro aerial vehicles(MAVs)have flexibility and maneuverability,which can offer vast potential for applications in both civilian and military domains.Compared to Fixed-wing/Rotor-wing MAVs,Flapping Wing Micro Robots(F...Micro aerial vehicles(MAVs)have flexibility and maneuverability,which can offer vast potential for applications in both civilian and military domains.Compared to Fixed-wing/Rotor-wing MAVs,Flapping Wing Micro Robots(FWMRs)have garnered widespread attention among scientists due to their superior miniaturized aerodynamic theory,reduced noise,and enhanced resistance to disturbances in complex and diverse environments.Flying insects,it not only has remarkable flapping flight ability(wings),but also takeoff and landing habitat ability(legs).If the various functions of flying insects can be imitated,efficient biomimetic FWMRs can be produced.This paper provides a review of the flight kinematics,aerodynamics,and wing structural parameters of insects.Then,the traditional wings and folding wings of insect-inspired FWMRs were compared.The research progress in takeoff and landing of FWMRs was also summarized,and the future developments and challenges for insect-inspired FWMRs were discussed.展开更多
Due to the stimulated emission amplification,lasers with excellent characteristics,including the high energy density,ultra-narrow spectral linewidth,and high directionality,are extremely favorable for sensing,detectio...Due to the stimulated emission amplification,lasers with excellent characteristics,including the high energy density,ultra-narrow spectral linewidth,and high directionality,are extremely favorable for sensing,detection,and imaging.Bringing these merits into the micro/nano scale,micro/nano lasers with miniaturized device sizes further enable outstanding spatial and temporal confinement,greatly boosting the light-matter interaction and bridging the size mismatch between light and biomolecules.Thanks to these advantages,micro/nano lasers have drawn widespread attention and opened new opportunities for a variety of biomedical and biochemical applications.In this paper,we review recent developments in biomolecular sensing and cellular analysis based on micro/nano lasers.We first describe the fundamental building blocks of micro/nano lasers,with discussions on gain material considerations,cavity structures,and pumping.We then review recent applications using micro/nano lasers as biosensors and bioprobes,including biomolecule(mainly proteins and DNAs)sensing,wavelength-multiplexed cell labeling/tracking/probing,and high-resolution cellular/tissue bioimaging.Finally,an outlook of the challenges and potential developments of micro/nano lasers for biological sensing and clinical applications is provided.展开更多
To enhance energy interaction among low-voltage stations(LVSs)and reduce the line loss of the distribution network,a novel operation mode of the micro-pumped storage system(mPSS)has been proposed based on the common r...To enhance energy interaction among low-voltage stations(LVSs)and reduce the line loss of the distribution network,a novel operation mode of the micro-pumped storage system(mPSS)has been proposed based on the common reservoir.First,some operation modes of mPSS are analyzed,which include the separated reservoir mode(SRM)and common reservoir mode(CRM).Then,based on the SRM,and CRM,an energy mutual assistance control model between LVSs has been built to optimize energy loss.Finally,in the simulation,compared to the model without pumped storage in the LVS,the SRMand CLRMcan decrease the total energy loss by 294.377 and 432.578 kWh,respectively.The configuration of mPSS can improve the utilization rate of the new energy source generation system,and relieve the pressure of transformer capacity in the LVS.Compared with the SRM,the proposed CRM has reduced the total energy loss by 138.201 kWh,increased the new energy consumption by 161.642 kWh,and decreased the line loss by 7.271 kWh.With the efficiency of the mPSS improving,the total energy loss reduction of CRM will be 3.5 times that of SRM.Further,the CRMcan significantly reduce the reservoir capacity construction of mPSS and ismore suitable for scenarios where the capacity configuration of mPSS is limited.展开更多
In this study,the design and development of a sensor made of low-cost parts to monitor inclination and acceleration are presented.Αmicro electro-mechanical systems,micro electro mechanical systems,sensor was housed i...In this study,the design and development of a sensor made of low-cost parts to monitor inclination and acceleration are presented.Αmicro electro-mechanical systems,micro electro mechanical systems,sensor was housed in a robust enclosure and interfaced with a Raspberry Pi microcomputer with Internet connectivity into a proposed tilt and acceleration monitoring node.Online capabilities accessible by mobile phone such as real-time graph,early warning notification,and database logging were implemented using Python programming.The sensor response was calibrated for inherent bias and errors,and then tested thoroughly in the laboratory under static and dynamic loading conditions beside high-quality transducers.Satisfactory accuracy was achieved in real time using the Complementary Filter method,and it was further improved in LabVIEW using Kalman Filters with parameter tuning.A sensor interface with LabVIEW and a 600 MHz CPU microcontroller allowed real-time implementation of highspeed embedded filters,further optimizing sensor results.Kalman and embedded filtering results show agreement for the sensor,followed closely by the lowcomplexity complementary filter applied in real time.The sensor's dynamic response was also verified by shaking table tests,simulating past recorded seismic excitations or artificial vibrations,indicating negligible effect of external acceleration on measured tilt;sensor measurements were benchmarked using highquality tilt and acceleration measuring transducers.A preliminary field evaluation shows robustness of the sensor to harsh weather conditions.展开更多
A robust Adaptive Discrete-time Sliding Mode Controller (ADSMC) is formulated, and is applied to control the pitch motion of a simulated Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicle (FWMAV). There is great potential for FWMAVs to ...A robust Adaptive Discrete-time Sliding Mode Controller (ADSMC) is formulated, and is applied to control the pitch motion of a simulated Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicle (FWMAV). There is great potential for FWMAVs to be used as aerial tools to assist with gathering data and surveying environments. Thanks to modern manufacturing and technology, along with an increased comprehension behind the aerodynamics of wing flaps, these vehicles are now a reality, though not without limitations. Given their diminutive size, FWMAVs are susceptible to real-world disturbances, such as wind gusts, and are sensitive to particular variations in their build quality. While external forces such as wind gusts can be reasonably bounded, the unknown variations in the state may be difficult to characterize or bound without affecting performance. To address these problems, an ADSMC is developed. First, the FWMAV model is converted from continuous-time to discrete-time. Second, an ADSMC for the newly discretized FWMAV model is developed. Using this controller, the trajectory tracking performance of the FWMAV is assessed against a traditional discrete sliding mode controller, and is found to have a decreased chattering frequency and decreased control effort for the same task. Therefore, the ADSMC is assessed as the superior controller, despite being completely unaware of the model parameters or wind gust.展开更多
Exceptional points(EPs)have been extensively explored in mechanical,acoustic,plasmonic,and photonic systems.However,little is known about the role of EPs in tailoring the dynamic tunability of optical devices.A specif...Exceptional points(EPs)have been extensively explored in mechanical,acoustic,plasmonic,and photonic systems.However,little is known about the role of EPs in tailoring the dynamic tunability of optical devices.A specific type of EPs known as chiral EPs has recently attracted much attention for controlling the flow of light and for building sensors with better responsivity.A recently demonstrated route to chiral EPs via lithographically defined symmetric Mie scatterers on the rim of resonators has not only provided the much-needed mechanical stability for studying chiral EPs,but also helped reduce losses originating from nanofabrication imperfections,facilitating the in-situ study of chiral EPs and their contribution to the dynamics and tunability of resonators.Here,we use asymmetric Mie scatterers to break the rotational symmetry of a microresonator,to demonstrate deterministic thermal tuning across a chiral EP,and to demonstrate EP-mediated chiral optical nonlinear response and efficient electro-optic tuning.Our results indicate asymmetric electro-optic modulation with up to 17 dB contrast at GHz and CMOS-compatible voltage levels.Such wafer-scale nano-manufacturing of chiral electro-optic modulators and the chiral EP-tailored tunning may facilitate new micro-resonator functionalities in quantum information processing,electromagnetic wave control,and optical interconnects.展开更多
Bionic micro/nanomotor systems,which combine biomimetic design with the motion performance,have shown great potential in many fields.However,so far,it remains a challenge to design and fabricate biomimetic micro/nanom...Bionic micro/nanomotor systems,which combine biomimetic design with the motion performance,have shown great potential in many fields.However,so far,it remains a challenge to design and fabricate biomimetic micro/nanomotors with high flexibility to perform complex tasks in complicated and changeable environments.In this work,inspired by the suckerfishes(vip)-shark(host)motion behavior,we designed and prepared a kind of intelligent two-stage micro@nanomotor with weak acid-triggered release of nanomotor.When the suckerfishes,who clinged to the surface of large fish or the bottom of boat and marched with them,reached bait-rich waters,they detached from the host to engage in foraging behavior.Inspired by the suckerfishes-shark system and the coordinated bond interaction,a large amount of Janus Au-Pt nanomotors with hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))-driven capacity,analogous to suckerfishes,were attached onto immovable yolk-shell structured polydopamine-mesoporous silica(PDA-MS)micromotor as the host to create two-stage PDA-MS@Au-Pt micro@nanomotor.PDA-MS@Au-Pt micro@nanomotor moved directionally by self-thermophoresis under the propulsion of near infrared ray(NIR)light with low power density.When the PDA-MS@Au-Pt entered into the weak acidic environment formed by a low concentration of H_(2)O_(2),most small Au-Pt nanomotors were detached from the surface of PDA-MS due to the weak acidic sensitivity of the coordinated bond,and then performed self-diffusiophoresis in the environment containing a low concentration of H_(2)O_(2) as a chemical fuel.This bionic intelligent system,which consists of a large-sized micromotor and lots of small-sized nanomotors,should provide a new insight for active two-stage cargo delivery.展开更多
文摘In recent years,the utilization of 3D printing technology in micro and nano device manufacturing has garneredsignificant attention.Advancements in 3D printing have enabled achieving sub-micron level precision.Unlikeconventional micro-machining techniques,3D printing offers versatility in material selection,such as polymers.3Dprinting technology has been gradually applied to the general field of microelectronic devices such as sensors,actuators and flexible electronics due to its adaptability and efficacy in microgeometric design and manufacturingprocesses.Furthermore,3D printing technology has also been instrumental in the fabrication of microfluidic devices,both through direct and indirect processes.This paper provides an overview of the evolving landscape of 3D printingtechnology,delineating the essential materials and processes involved in fabricating microelectronic and microfluidicdevices in recent times.Additionally,it synthesizes the diverse applications of these technologies across differentdomains.
文摘Various hydrogels have been explored to create minimally invasive microneedles(MNs)to extract interstitial fluid(ISF).However,current methods are time-consuming and typically require 10–15 min to extract 3–5 mg of ISF.This study introduces two spiral-shaped swellable MN arrays:one made of gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA),and the other incorporating a combination of PVA,polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP),and hyaluronic acid(HA)for fast ISF extraction.These MN arrays demonstrated a rapid swelling ratio of 560±79.6%and 370±34.1%in artificial ISF within 10 min,respectively.Additionally,this study proposes a novel method that combines MNs with a custom-designed Arduino-based applicator vibrating at frequency ranges(50–100 Hz)to improve skin penetration efficiency,thereby enhancing the uptake of ISF in ex vivo.This dynamic combination enables GelMA/PVA MNs to rapidly uptake 6.41±1.01 mg of ISF in just 5 min,while PVA/PVP/HA MNs extract 5.38±0.77 mg of ISF within the same timeframe.To validate the capability of the MNs to recover glucose as the target biomarker,a mild heating procedure is used,followed by determining glucose concentration using a D-glucose content assay kit.The efficient extraction of ISF and glucose detection capabilities of the spiral MNs suggest their potential for rapid and minimally invasive biomarker sensing.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2293731,61960206012,62121003,62171434,61971400,61975206,and 61973292)the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(GJJSTD20210004)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFC2402501,2022YFB3205602)Major Program of Scientific and Technical Innovation 2030(2021ZD0201603).
文摘Timely monitoring of anesthesia status during surgery is important to prevent an overdose of isoflurane anesthesia.Therefore,in-depth studies of the neural mechanisms of anesthetics are warranted.Hippocampal CA1 plays an important role during anesthesia.Currently,a high spatiotemporal resolution microdevice technology for the accurate detection of deep brain nuclei is lacking.In this research,four-shank 32-channel implantable microelectrode arrays(MEAs)were developed for the real-time recording of single-cell level neural information in rat hippocampal CA1.Platinum nanoparticles were modified onto the microelectrodes to substantially enhance the electrical properties of the microelectrode arrays.The modified MEAs exhibited low impedance(11.5±1 kΩ)and small phase delay(-18.5°±2.54°),which enabled the MEAs to record single-cell level neural information with a high signal-to-noise ratio.The MEAs were implanted into the CA1 nuclei of the anesthetized rats,and the electrophysiological signals were recorded under different degrees of anesthesia mediated by low-dose concentrations of isoflurane.The recorded signals were analyzed in depth.Isoflurane caused an inhibition of spike firing rate in hippocampal CA1 neurons,while inducing low-frequency oscillations in CA1,thus enhancing the low-frequency power of local field potentials.In this manner,the spike firing rate and the power of local field potentials in CA1 could characterize the degree of isoflurane anesthesia.The present study provides a technical tool to study the neural mechanisms of isoflurane anesthesia and a research method for monitoring the depth of isoflurane anesthesia in clinical practice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 52305321 and 62273246)The Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20230496)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(2023M732536 and 2024T170630)Jiangsu Province Excellence Postdoctoral Program(2023ZB218)The National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB4702202)The Jiangsu Provincial Key Technology R&D Program(BE2021009-02).
文摘Micro aerial vehicles(MAVs)have flexibility and maneuverability,which can offer vast potential for applications in both civilian and military domains.Compared to Fixed-wing/Rotor-wing MAVs,Flapping Wing Micro Robots(FWMRs)have garnered widespread attention among scientists due to their superior miniaturized aerodynamic theory,reduced noise,and enhanced resistance to disturbances in complex and diverse environments.Flying insects,it not only has remarkable flapping flight ability(wings),but also takeoff and landing habitat ability(legs).If the various functions of flying insects can be imitated,efficient biomimetic FWMRs can be produced.This paper provides a review of the flight kinematics,aerodynamics,and wing structural parameters of insects.Then,the traditional wings and folding wings of insect-inspired FWMRs were compared.The research progress in takeoff and landing of FWMRs was also summarized,and the future developments and challenges for insect-inspired FWMRs were discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62005031 and 62005032)National Foreign Experts Program(No.DL2023165003L)Innovation Support Plan for Returned Overseas Scholars(No.cx2021058)to Xiaoqin WU and Yipei WANG,and the Richard A.Auhll Endowed Professorship to Xudong FAN.
文摘Due to the stimulated emission amplification,lasers with excellent characteristics,including the high energy density,ultra-narrow spectral linewidth,and high directionality,are extremely favorable for sensing,detection,and imaging.Bringing these merits into the micro/nano scale,micro/nano lasers with miniaturized device sizes further enable outstanding spatial and temporal confinement,greatly boosting the light-matter interaction and bridging the size mismatch between light and biomolecules.Thanks to these advantages,micro/nano lasers have drawn widespread attention and opened new opportunities for a variety of biomedical and biochemical applications.In this paper,we review recent developments in biomolecular sensing and cellular analysis based on micro/nano lasers.We first describe the fundamental building blocks of micro/nano lasers,with discussions on gain material considerations,cavity structures,and pumping.We then review recent applications using micro/nano lasers as biosensors and bioprobes,including biomolecule(mainly proteins and DNAs)sensing,wavelength-multiplexed cell labeling/tracking/probing,and high-resolution cellular/tissue bioimaging.Finally,an outlook of the challenges and potential developments of micro/nano lasers for biological sensing and clinical applications is provided.
基金sponsored by the State Grid Corporation of China Technology Project(Research on Key Technologies and Equipment Development of Micro Pumped Storage for Distributed New Energy Consumption in Distribution Networks,5400-202324196A-1-1-ZN).
文摘To enhance energy interaction among low-voltage stations(LVSs)and reduce the line loss of the distribution network,a novel operation mode of the micro-pumped storage system(mPSS)has been proposed based on the common reservoir.First,some operation modes of mPSS are analyzed,which include the separated reservoir mode(SRM)and common reservoir mode(CRM).Then,based on the SRM,and CRM,an energy mutual assistance control model between LVSs has been built to optimize energy loss.Finally,in the simulation,compared to the model without pumped storage in the LVS,the SRMand CLRMcan decrease the total energy loss by 294.377 and 432.578 kWh,respectively.The configuration of mPSS can improve the utilization rate of the new energy source generation system,and relieve the pressure of transformer capacity in the LVS.Compared with the SRM,the proposed CRM has reduced the total energy loss by 138.201 kWh,increased the new energy consumption by 161.642 kWh,and decreased the line loss by 7.271 kWh.With the efficiency of the mPSS improving,the total energy loss reduction of CRM will be 3.5 times that of SRM.Further,the CRMcan significantly reduce the reservoir capacity construction of mPSS and ismore suitable for scenarios where the capacity configuration of mPSS is limited.
基金Research Committee,National Technical University of Athens。
文摘In this study,the design and development of a sensor made of low-cost parts to monitor inclination and acceleration are presented.Αmicro electro-mechanical systems,micro electro mechanical systems,sensor was housed in a robust enclosure and interfaced with a Raspberry Pi microcomputer with Internet connectivity into a proposed tilt and acceleration monitoring node.Online capabilities accessible by mobile phone such as real-time graph,early warning notification,and database logging were implemented using Python programming.The sensor response was calibrated for inherent bias and errors,and then tested thoroughly in the laboratory under static and dynamic loading conditions beside high-quality transducers.Satisfactory accuracy was achieved in real time using the Complementary Filter method,and it was further improved in LabVIEW using Kalman Filters with parameter tuning.A sensor interface with LabVIEW and a 600 MHz CPU microcontroller allowed real-time implementation of highspeed embedded filters,further optimizing sensor results.Kalman and embedded filtering results show agreement for the sensor,followed closely by the lowcomplexity complementary filter applied in real time.The sensor's dynamic response was also verified by shaking table tests,simulating past recorded seismic excitations or artificial vibrations,indicating negligible effect of external acceleration on measured tilt;sensor measurements were benchmarked using highquality tilt and acceleration measuring transducers.A preliminary field evaluation shows robustness of the sensor to harsh weather conditions.
文摘A robust Adaptive Discrete-time Sliding Mode Controller (ADSMC) is formulated, and is applied to control the pitch motion of a simulated Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicle (FWMAV). There is great potential for FWMAVs to be used as aerial tools to assist with gathering data and surveying environments. Thanks to modern manufacturing and technology, along with an increased comprehension behind the aerodynamics of wing flaps, these vehicles are now a reality, though not without limitations. Given their diminutive size, FWMAVs are susceptible to real-world disturbances, such as wind gusts, and are sensitive to particular variations in their build quality. While external forces such as wind gusts can be reasonably bounded, the unknown variations in the state may be difficult to characterize or bound without affecting performance. To address these problems, an ADSMC is developed. First, the FWMAV model is converted from continuous-time to discrete-time. Second, an ADSMC for the newly discretized FWMAV model is developed. Using this controller, the trajectory tracking performance of the FWMAV is assessed against a traditional discrete sliding mode controller, and is found to have a decreased chattering frequency and decreased control effort for the same task. Therefore, the ADSMC is assessed as the superior controller, despite being completely unaware of the model parameters or wind gust.
基金supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(N660012114034)H.L.acknowledges the scholarship provided by the Republic of Korea Navy(ROK Nawy)+1 种基金The design and fabrication of the micro-heater and chiral MRR are supported by AFOSR(FA9550-18-1-0300)S.K.O.acknowledges the Air Force Offce of Scientific Research(AFOSR)Multi-University Research Initiative(FA9550-21-1-0202)and AFOSR(FA9550-18-1-0235)。
文摘Exceptional points(EPs)have been extensively explored in mechanical,acoustic,plasmonic,and photonic systems.However,little is known about the role of EPs in tailoring the dynamic tunability of optical devices.A specific type of EPs known as chiral EPs has recently attracted much attention for controlling the flow of light and for building sensors with better responsivity.A recently demonstrated route to chiral EPs via lithographically defined symmetric Mie scatterers on the rim of resonators has not only provided the much-needed mechanical stability for studying chiral EPs,but also helped reduce losses originating from nanofabrication imperfections,facilitating the in-situ study of chiral EPs and their contribution to the dynamics and tunability of resonators.Here,we use asymmetric Mie scatterers to break the rotational symmetry of a microresonator,to demonstrate deterministic thermal tuning across a chiral EP,and to demonstrate EP-mediated chiral optical nonlinear response and efficient electro-optic tuning.Our results indicate asymmetric electro-optic modulation with up to 17 dB contrast at GHz and CMOS-compatible voltage levels.Such wafer-scale nano-manufacturing of chiral electro-optic modulators and the chiral EP-tailored tunning may facilitate new micro-resonator functionalities in quantum information processing,electromagnetic wave control,and optical interconnects.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-BR-23-02B)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M731408)+2 种基金Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(No.2023ZB640)Jiangsu Province Capability Improvement Project through Science,technology and Education(Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Discipline,ZDXK202222)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20230731).
文摘Bionic micro/nanomotor systems,which combine biomimetic design with the motion performance,have shown great potential in many fields.However,so far,it remains a challenge to design and fabricate biomimetic micro/nanomotors with high flexibility to perform complex tasks in complicated and changeable environments.In this work,inspired by the suckerfishes(vip)-shark(host)motion behavior,we designed and prepared a kind of intelligent two-stage micro@nanomotor with weak acid-triggered release of nanomotor.When the suckerfishes,who clinged to the surface of large fish or the bottom of boat and marched with them,reached bait-rich waters,they detached from the host to engage in foraging behavior.Inspired by the suckerfishes-shark system and the coordinated bond interaction,a large amount of Janus Au-Pt nanomotors with hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))-driven capacity,analogous to suckerfishes,were attached onto immovable yolk-shell structured polydopamine-mesoporous silica(PDA-MS)micromotor as the host to create two-stage PDA-MS@Au-Pt micro@nanomotor.PDA-MS@Au-Pt micro@nanomotor moved directionally by self-thermophoresis under the propulsion of near infrared ray(NIR)light with low power density.When the PDA-MS@Au-Pt entered into the weak acidic environment formed by a low concentration of H_(2)O_(2),most small Au-Pt nanomotors were detached from the surface of PDA-MS due to the weak acidic sensitivity of the coordinated bond,and then performed self-diffusiophoresis in the environment containing a low concentration of H_(2)O_(2) as a chemical fuel.This bionic intelligent system,which consists of a large-sized micromotor and lots of small-sized nanomotors,should provide a new insight for active two-stage cargo delivery.
