<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> An open fracture is an injury in which the fracture site and/or hematom...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> An open fracture is an injury in which the fracture site and/or hematoma communicates with the external environment. It is associated with significant morbidity and disability and is a challenge to the surgical team. The lower extremities are the most often exposed to traumatic injuries compared to other anatomical parts of the body. Patterns of open fractures differ with different mechanisms of injury and the segment of the long bone affected. The correct and timely management of open fractures is beneficial to the patients and lead</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to a more favorable outcome. This study aimed at describing the pattern of open fractures of long bones of the lower limb treated in 3 major hospitals of the south west region, Cameroon. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methodology: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This was a hospital-based retrospective review of files of patients with open fractures of long bones of the lower limb managed at the surgical units of three secondary health facilities in the South-West region of Cameroon from the 1</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">st</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of January 2015 to the 31</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">st</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of December 2019. The socio-demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, treatment modalities, and outcomes were recorded. The data was stored and analyzed using Epi info version 7.0 and SPSS version 23.0 respectively. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A total of 195 files of patients aged 8 to 80 years were studied. The main age group affected was between 20</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">40 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">years. There were 147 (75.4%) males and 48 (24.6%) females giving a sex-ratio</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of 3.1:1. The most common cause was road traffic crashes 142 (72.8%). In 98 cases (50.3%)</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the left side was more involved. The tibia was the most common long bone affected in 75 (38.5%) cases. Comminuted fracture was the most common fracture pattern encountered in 126 cases (64.6%). A total of 76 (39%) fractures were graded Gustilo-Anderson IIIA. External fixator was used in 112 cases (57.1%) and internal fixator in 86 cases (42.9%). We recorded 127 (65.1%) cases of wound infection and 143 (73.3%) cases of limb shortening as the most common complications. Other complications include</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">20 cases (17.1%) of mal-union, 27 cases (22.5%) of delayed union, 18 cases (15.1%) of non-union and 50 cases (38.5%) chronic osteomyelitis. We recorded a mortality of 2.1%. Gustilo IIIB and IIIC were associated to chronic osteomyelitis (P</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">=</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.02). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Open fractures of long bones of the lower limb affect the active age group of the population and road traffic crashes</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">are the most common causes. It tends to affect the left side and the tibia being the most fractured long bone. A reasonable proportion of these fractures subsequently get infected. Comminuted fracture is the common fracture pattern.</span>展开更多
Lower limb injures are frequently observed in passenger car traffic accidents.Previous studies of the injuries focus on long bone fractures by using either cadaver component tests or simulations of the long bone kinem...Lower limb injures are frequently observed in passenger car traffic accidents.Previous studies of the injuries focus on long bone fractures by using either cadaver component tests or simulations of the long bone kinematics,which lack in-depth study on the fractures in stress analysis.This paper aims to investigate lower limb impact biomechanics in real-world car to pedestrian accidents and to predict fractures of long bones in term of stress parameter for femur,tibia,and fibula.For the above purposes,a 3D finite element(FE) model of human body lower limb(HBM-LL) is developed based on human anatomy.The model consists of the pelvis,femur,tibia,fibula,patella,foot bones,primary tendons,knee joint capsule,meniscus,and ligaments.The FE model is validated by comparing the results from a lateral impact between simulations and tests with cadaver lower limb specimens.Two real-world accidents are selected from an in-depth accident database with detailed information about the accident scene,car impact speed,damage to the car,and pedestrian injuries.Multi-body system(MBS) models are used to reconstruct the kinematics of the pedestrians in the two accidents and the impact conditions are calculated for initial impact velocity and orientations of the car and pedestrian during the collision.The FE model is used to perform injury reconstructions and predict the fractures by using physical parameters,such as von Mises stress of long bones.The calculated failure level of the long bones is correlated with the injury outcomes observed from the two accident cases.The reconstruction result shows that the HBM-LL FE model has acceptable biofidelity and can be applied to predict the risk of long bone fractures.This study provides an efficient methodology to investigate the long bone fracture suffered from vehicle traffic collisions.展开更多
目的:观察损伤控制骨科(damage control orthopaedic,DCO)策略对下肢长骨干骨折伴发脂肪栓塞综合征(fat embolism syndrome,FES)的干预效果。方法:回顾性分析2015年1月至2021年5月收治的163例下肢长骨干骨折伴发FES患者临床资料,以2018...目的:观察损伤控制骨科(damage control orthopaedic,DCO)策略对下肢长骨干骨折伴发脂肪栓塞综合征(fat embolism syndrome,FES)的干预效果。方法:回顾性分析2015年1月至2021年5月收治的163例下肢长骨干骨折伴发FES患者临床资料,以2018年1月实施DCO策略为时间点分为两组,2015年1月至2017年12月收治92例为对照组,2018年1月至2021年5月收治71例为干预组。观察并比较两组患者院内死亡率、动脉血氧饱和度(arterial oxygen saturation,SaO2)、动脉血氧分压(arterial partial pressure of oxygen,PaO2)和氧合指数(oxygenation index,OI)、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)、血小板计数(platelet count,PLT)、髋关节Harris评分、美国特种外科医院膝关节评分(Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score,HSS)评分、美国骨科足与踝关节协会(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)评分、临床疗效及并发症。结果:163例患者获随访,时间12~18(16.91±1.22)个月。干预组院内死亡率为2.82%(2/71),对照组院内死亡率为16.30%(15/92),两组差异有统计意义(χ^(2)=6.455,P<0.05);两组干预后SaO2、PaO2和OI均较干预前升高(P<0.05),且两组干预后SaO2、PaO2和OI比较差异有统计意义(P<0.05)。两组干预后Hb、PLT均较干预前升高(P<0.001),且两组干预后Hb、PLT比较差异有统计意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗3个月后髋关节Harris评分、膝关节HSS评分、踝关节AOFAS评分均优于治疗前(P<0.05)。干预组临床总有效率高于对照组(χ^(2)=4.194,P<0.05)。干预组并发症总发生低于对照组(χ^(2)=4.747,P<0.05)。结论:DCO策略有助于降低下肢长骨干骨折伴发FES患者院内死亡率,有利于消除FES症状和平稳生命体征,可为Ⅱ期确定性手术争取时间优势,临床干预效果显著,值得推广应用。展开更多
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> An open fracture is an injury in which the fracture site and/or hematoma communicates with the external environment. It is associated with significant morbidity and disability and is a challenge to the surgical team. The lower extremities are the most often exposed to traumatic injuries compared to other anatomical parts of the body. Patterns of open fractures differ with different mechanisms of injury and the segment of the long bone affected. The correct and timely management of open fractures is beneficial to the patients and lead</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to a more favorable outcome. This study aimed at describing the pattern of open fractures of long bones of the lower limb treated in 3 major hospitals of the south west region, Cameroon. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methodology: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This was a hospital-based retrospective review of files of patients with open fractures of long bones of the lower limb managed at the surgical units of three secondary health facilities in the South-West region of Cameroon from the 1</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">st</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of January 2015 to the 31</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">st</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of December 2019. The socio-demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, treatment modalities, and outcomes were recorded. The data was stored and analyzed using Epi info version 7.0 and SPSS version 23.0 respectively. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A total of 195 files of patients aged 8 to 80 years were studied. The main age group affected was between 20</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">40 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">years. There were 147 (75.4%) males and 48 (24.6%) females giving a sex-ratio</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of 3.1:1. The most common cause was road traffic crashes 142 (72.8%). In 98 cases (50.3%)</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the left side was more involved. The tibia was the most common long bone affected in 75 (38.5%) cases. Comminuted fracture was the most common fracture pattern encountered in 126 cases (64.6%). A total of 76 (39%) fractures were graded Gustilo-Anderson IIIA. External fixator was used in 112 cases (57.1%) and internal fixator in 86 cases (42.9%). We recorded 127 (65.1%) cases of wound infection and 143 (73.3%) cases of limb shortening as the most common complications. Other complications include</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">20 cases (17.1%) of mal-union, 27 cases (22.5%) of delayed union, 18 cases (15.1%) of non-union and 50 cases (38.5%) chronic osteomyelitis. We recorded a mortality of 2.1%. Gustilo IIIB and IIIC were associated to chronic osteomyelitis (P</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">=</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.02). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Open fractures of long bones of the lower limb affect the active age group of the population and road traffic crashes</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">are the most common causes. It tends to affect the left side and the tibia being the most fractured long bone. A reasonable proportion of these fractures subsequently get infected. Comminuted fracture is the common fracture pattern.</span>
基金supported by National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program,Grant No. 2006AA110101)"111 Program" of Ministry of Education and State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs of China (Grant No. 111-2-11)+1 种基金General Motors Research and Development Center (Grant No. RD-209)Project of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body,Hunan University,China (Grant No. 60870004)
文摘Lower limb injures are frequently observed in passenger car traffic accidents.Previous studies of the injuries focus on long bone fractures by using either cadaver component tests or simulations of the long bone kinematics,which lack in-depth study on the fractures in stress analysis.This paper aims to investigate lower limb impact biomechanics in real-world car to pedestrian accidents and to predict fractures of long bones in term of stress parameter for femur,tibia,and fibula.For the above purposes,a 3D finite element(FE) model of human body lower limb(HBM-LL) is developed based on human anatomy.The model consists of the pelvis,femur,tibia,fibula,patella,foot bones,primary tendons,knee joint capsule,meniscus,and ligaments.The FE model is validated by comparing the results from a lateral impact between simulations and tests with cadaver lower limb specimens.Two real-world accidents are selected from an in-depth accident database with detailed information about the accident scene,car impact speed,damage to the car,and pedestrian injuries.Multi-body system(MBS) models are used to reconstruct the kinematics of the pedestrians in the two accidents and the impact conditions are calculated for initial impact velocity and orientations of the car and pedestrian during the collision.The FE model is used to perform injury reconstructions and predict the fractures by using physical parameters,such as von Mises stress of long bones.The calculated failure level of the long bones is correlated with the injury outcomes observed from the two accident cases.The reconstruction result shows that the HBM-LL FE model has acceptable biofidelity and can be applied to predict the risk of long bone fractures.This study provides an efficient methodology to investigate the long bone fracture suffered from vehicle traffic collisions.
文摘目的:观察损伤控制骨科(damage control orthopaedic,DCO)策略对下肢长骨干骨折伴发脂肪栓塞综合征(fat embolism syndrome,FES)的干预效果。方法:回顾性分析2015年1月至2021年5月收治的163例下肢长骨干骨折伴发FES患者临床资料,以2018年1月实施DCO策略为时间点分为两组,2015年1月至2017年12月收治92例为对照组,2018年1月至2021年5月收治71例为干预组。观察并比较两组患者院内死亡率、动脉血氧饱和度(arterial oxygen saturation,SaO2)、动脉血氧分压(arterial partial pressure of oxygen,PaO2)和氧合指数(oxygenation index,OI)、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)、血小板计数(platelet count,PLT)、髋关节Harris评分、美国特种外科医院膝关节评分(Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score,HSS)评分、美国骨科足与踝关节协会(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)评分、临床疗效及并发症。结果:163例患者获随访,时间12~18(16.91±1.22)个月。干预组院内死亡率为2.82%(2/71),对照组院内死亡率为16.30%(15/92),两组差异有统计意义(χ^(2)=6.455,P<0.05);两组干预后SaO2、PaO2和OI均较干预前升高(P<0.05),且两组干预后SaO2、PaO2和OI比较差异有统计意义(P<0.05)。两组干预后Hb、PLT均较干预前升高(P<0.001),且两组干预后Hb、PLT比较差异有统计意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗3个月后髋关节Harris评分、膝关节HSS评分、踝关节AOFAS评分均优于治疗前(P<0.05)。干预组临床总有效率高于对照组(χ^(2)=4.194,P<0.05)。干预组并发症总发生低于对照组(χ^(2)=4.747,P<0.05)。结论:DCO策略有助于降低下肢长骨干骨折伴发FES患者院内死亡率,有利于消除FES症状和平稳生命体征,可为Ⅱ期确定性手术争取时间优势,临床干预效果显著,值得推广应用。
