Geological strength index(GSI)has been widely used as an input parameter in predicting the strength and deformation properties of rock masses.This study derived a series of equations to satisfy the original GSI lines ...Geological strength index(GSI)has been widely used as an input parameter in predicting the strength and deformation properties of rock masses.This study derived a series of equations to satisfy the original GSI lines on the basic GSI chart.Two axes ranging from 0 to 100 were employed for surface conditions of the discontinuities and the structure of rock mass,which are independent of the input parameters.The derived equations can analyze GSI values ranging from 0 to 100 within±5%error.The engineering dimensions(EDs)such as the slope height,tunnel width,and foundation width were used together with representative elementary volume(REV)in jointed rock mass to define scale factor(sf)from 0.2 to 1 in evaluating the rock mass structure including joint pattern.The transformation of GSI into a scaledependent parameter based on engineering scale addresses a crucial requirement in various engineering applications.The improvements proposed in this study were applied to a real slope which was close to the time of failure.The results of stability assessments show that the new proposals have sufficient capability to define rock mass quality considering EDs.展开更多
In the post-pandemic era,the global economic and security landscapes are fraught with complexities and uncertainties.Among them,four risk flashpoints merit attention:Certain countries are raising interest rates to sub...In the post-pandemic era,the global economic and security landscapes are fraught with complexities and uncertainties.Among them,four risk flashpoints merit attention:Certain countries are raising interest rates to subdue inflation,despite their already high levels of debt;the bulk commodities market is experiencing volatility,leading to global turbulence and change;trade protectionism is at the forefront of major-power rivalry in political and economic spheres;and regional security crises are compounding international tensions.Behind those flashpoints are contradictions that obstruct world peace and progress,including development imbalances,governance gaps,and structural tensions in global security.In the face of uncertainties,it is crucial for China to seize strategic opportunities and transform crises into favorable situations.China has launched the Global Development Initiative(GDI)and the Global Security Initiative(GSI)to contribute to global prosperity and security.The two initiatives demonstrate China’s commitment to addressing global deficits in peace,development,security,and governance.展开更多
为了探索全球定位卫星观测系统无线电掩星技术(Global Positioning System/Radio Occulta-tion,简称GPSRO)在业务数值预报模式中的应用效果,以美国NCEP(National Centers for Environ-mental Prediction)业务同化系统为平台,对有/无COSM...为了探索全球定位卫星观测系统无线电掩星技术(Global Positioning System/Radio Occulta-tion,简称GPSRO)在业务数值预报模式中的应用效果,以美国NCEP(National Centers for Environ-mental Prediction)业务同化系统为平台,对有/无COSMIC(Constellation Observing System for Meteor-ology,Ionosphere and Climate)GPS无线电掩星观测资料进行了一次降水过程的详细的同化对比试验。试验中GPSRO观测算子主要采用了相对简单但计算省时的局地(Local)同化技术。该个例试验表明:COSMICGPS掩星观测对分析影响较大的地区是常规观测资料较稀缺地区(如洋面),因此在这些地区GPSRO资料可以被看作是对常规观测很好的补充。同时还注意到COSMIC GPS RO资料在对流层下层对湿度场分析和预报的影响显著,在对流层中上层对风场分析也产生正面影响。这证实GPS RO资料在业务数值天气预报中应用的有效性,为我国数值预报未来开展业务GPS掩星观测资料同化提供了有益的科学参考依据。展开更多
文摘Geological strength index(GSI)has been widely used as an input parameter in predicting the strength and deformation properties of rock masses.This study derived a series of equations to satisfy the original GSI lines on the basic GSI chart.Two axes ranging from 0 to 100 were employed for surface conditions of the discontinuities and the structure of rock mass,which are independent of the input parameters.The derived equations can analyze GSI values ranging from 0 to 100 within±5%error.The engineering dimensions(EDs)such as the slope height,tunnel width,and foundation width were used together with representative elementary volume(REV)in jointed rock mass to define scale factor(sf)from 0.2 to 1 in evaluating the rock mass structure including joint pattern.The transformation of GSI into a scaledependent parameter based on engineering scale addresses a crucial requirement in various engineering applications.The improvements proposed in this study were applied to a real slope which was close to the time of failure.The results of stability assessments show that the new proposals have sufficient capability to define rock mass quality considering EDs.
基金supported by the key project of the National Social Science Fund of China(NSSFC):“Study on China-Russia Strategic Partnership for the New Era”(Grant No.20AGJ012).
文摘In the post-pandemic era,the global economic and security landscapes are fraught with complexities and uncertainties.Among them,four risk flashpoints merit attention:Certain countries are raising interest rates to subdue inflation,despite their already high levels of debt;the bulk commodities market is experiencing volatility,leading to global turbulence and change;trade protectionism is at the forefront of major-power rivalry in political and economic spheres;and regional security crises are compounding international tensions.Behind those flashpoints are contradictions that obstruct world peace and progress,including development imbalances,governance gaps,and structural tensions in global security.In the face of uncertainties,it is crucial for China to seize strategic opportunities and transform crises into favorable situations.China has launched the Global Development Initiative(GDI)and the Global Security Initiative(GSI)to contribute to global prosperity and security.The two initiatives demonstrate China’s commitment to addressing global deficits in peace,development,security,and governance.
文摘为了探索全球定位卫星观测系统无线电掩星技术(Global Positioning System/Radio Occulta-tion,简称GPSRO)在业务数值预报模式中的应用效果,以美国NCEP(National Centers for Environ-mental Prediction)业务同化系统为平台,对有/无COSMIC(Constellation Observing System for Meteor-ology,Ionosphere and Climate)GPS无线电掩星观测资料进行了一次降水过程的详细的同化对比试验。试验中GPSRO观测算子主要采用了相对简单但计算省时的局地(Local)同化技术。该个例试验表明:COSMICGPS掩星观测对分析影响较大的地区是常规观测资料较稀缺地区(如洋面),因此在这些地区GPSRO资料可以被看作是对常规观测很好的补充。同时还注意到COSMIC GPS RO资料在对流层下层对湿度场分析和预报的影响显著,在对流层中上层对风场分析也产生正面影响。这证实GPS RO资料在业务数值天气预报中应用的有效性,为我国数值预报未来开展业务GPS掩星观测资料同化提供了有益的科学参考依据。
