Dichotomous choice elicitation technique of contingent valuation method is broadly used in the research fields of environmental resource and recreational activity management. The binary choice type of questions are ge...Dichotomous choice elicitation technique of contingent valuation method is broadly used in the research fields of environmental resource and recreational activity management. The binary choice type of questions are generally analyzed by using Logit or Probit probability distribution models in which a common analysis procedure is to apply MLE for estimating variable parameters before calculating the respondents’ willingness to pay. In this paper, a MCMC Gibbs sampling Probit model is adopted to maintain the three advantages it has in dealing with heteroscedasticity, high dimension numerical integral and sample size restriction problems. The results revealed that the MCMC model and MLE Probit model are strikingly consistent, which suggests that the former is much simple and reliable estimation method. At the same time, the empirically based existence value estimation of coastal beach quality improvement in Dalian, China is RMB?168 per person.展开更多
Coastal ecosystems are plagued by high levels of microplastic pollution.Conducting baseline surveys is crucial to comprehend the distribution and influencing factors of this pollution.The present study investigates th...Coastal ecosystems are plagued by high levels of microplastic pollution.Conducting baseline surveys is crucial to comprehend the distribution and influencing factors of this pollution.The present study investigates the spatiotemporal variation and diversity of microplastic on the coastal beaches in Xiamen City,China,considering the combined effects of seasons,human activities,and physicochemical properties of sediments.It is detected that the abundance of microplastics in Xiamen beaches was 0.271±0.01 items/g.The abundance of microplastics in dry season was significantly higher than in rainy season.In terms of spatial variation,the beaches that attracted a larger number of tourists exhibited significantly higher microplastic abundance.The temporal pattern of microplastic distribution on different beaches varied greatly due to region-specific human activities(e.g.,mangrove restoration project)and sedimentary properties(e.g.,bulk density).When the assemblage of microplastics in the coastal area was viewed as a biological community,the Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou's index were higher in rainy season and in the beaches with high intensity of tourist activities,which suggests that the human activities and the surface runoff may contribute to the diversity of microplastics on coastal beaches.Future investigations are encouraged to combine controlled experiments and long-term monitoring at multiple scales to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and factors associated with microplastic pollution in coastal zone.展开更多
A numerical model of shoreline change of sand beaches based on long-term field wave data is proposed, the explicit and implicit finite difference forms of the model are described, and an application of the model is pr...A numerical model of shoreline change of sand beaches based on long-term field wave data is proposed, the explicit and implicit finite difference forms of the model are described, and an application of the model is presented. Results of the application indicate that the model is sensitive to the order of the input wave data, and that the effects of long-term wave series and the effects of the mean annual wave conditions on the model are different. Instead of a single wave condition, the wave series will make the calibration and the verification of the model more practical and the results of the model more reasonable.展开更多
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)form a near-ubiquitous mutualistic association with roots to help plants withstand harsh environments,and play a key role in the establishment of coastal beach plant communities.Yet li...Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)form a near-ubiquitous mutualistic association with roots to help plants withstand harsh environments,and play a key role in the establishment of coastal beach plant communities.Yet little is known about the structure and composition of AMF communities on coastal beaches of eastern China.In this study,we investigated the occurrence,community composition and diversity of AMF associated with common wild plants on a coastal beach of North Jiangsu,China.Almost all of the local wild species were colonized by AMF except for Chenopodium album L.Thirty-seven AMF species were isolated from the rhizosphere belonging to 12 genera in seven families.Glomus was the dominant genus and Funneliformis mosseae the dominant species.The colonization,spore composition and diversity of AMF were strongly related to edaphic factors.Sodium(Na^(+))ions in the soil significantly and negatively affected the colonization rate by AMF and both soil Na^(+)levels and pH had a significant negative effect on AMF spore density and evenness.However,there was a significant positive correlation between species richness and total organic carbon.The results provide insights into soil factors affecting native AMF communities in coastal beach habitats which could benefit vegetation recovery and soil reclamation efforts.展开更多
Qualitative and quantitative studies on changes of coastal geomorphology and shoreline of Karnataka, India have been carried out using toposheets of Survey of India and satellite imageries (IRS-P6 and IRS-1D). Changes...Qualitative and quantitative studies on changes of coastal geomorphology and shoreline of Karnataka, India have been carried out using toposheets of Survey of India and satellite imageries (IRS-P6 and IRS-1D). Changes during 30 years period are studied at each station. Significant morphological changes in landforms like spit, channel Island, coastal plain, tidal flat, lateritic plain, alluvial plain and sand bar within and adjcent to estuarine river mouths of Kali, Sharavathi, Kollur-Chakkara - Haladi and Udyavara Rivers are observed. The study indicates that gradual erosion is observed at i) Karwar spit along the northern side of the Kali river mouth, ii) the spit at the southern side of the Sharavathi river mouth and iii) at some regions of Kundapur.展开更多
The headland-bay beach is one of the most common coastal types in the world.Its morphology reflects the changes that occurred during long-term evolution of the sandy coast.Several headland-bay beach models have been p...The headland-bay beach is one of the most common coastal types in the world.Its morphology reflects the changes that occurred during long-term evolution of the sandy coast.Several headland-bay beach models have been proposed to simulate the coastline’s configuration in equilibrium.In this paper,a new elliptical model is proposed,described,and applied.On the east coast of Laizhou Bay in Shandong Province from Longkou Port to Diaolongzui,four typical headland-bay beaches have developed,and four headland-bay beach models are used in this paper to simulate the morphology of these beaches to assess the applicability of each model.The simulation results of the elliptical model verify that it is applicable to the study area.In addition,the elliptical model is easy to use.Through simulation and field investigations,we concluded that most of the coastal segments in this area will remain in an erosion state,and the human activity has a significant impact on the shoreline’s evolution.展开更多
In the paper, it is discussed reinforced coastal zones with resort-recreational functions, destructed in terms of anthropogenic pressure of the Black Sea, Georgia. Results of many years’ observations and researches p...In the paper, it is discussed reinforced coastal zones with resort-recreational functions, destructed in terms of anthropogenic pressure of the Black Sea, Georgia. Results of many years’ observations and researches prove low effectiveness of active methods of coastal protection, mostly causing and provoking intensive degradation of the beaches. Article highlights developing and constructing of free and unbounded beaches as an optimal coastal protection approach. Successful example of this approach was developing of coastal zone in 90s, in Gagra (West Georgia), Black Sea. Positive impact of this kind of artificial beach still survives. In the thesis, it is presented an attempt to scientifically prove extrapolation-traduction on the other similar coasts of the recovery of Gagra Zone beach. Based on morphodynamic analysis and comparison, according to the priorities of major features of reinforced coasts, it turned out that coast of three similar objects (Gagra, Ochamchire and Sokhumi) show homogenous aspects. Scientific expediency of providing extrapolation on other similar objects of etalon objects i.e. Gagra Beach recovered by successful coastal protection experiment. Thereby, for the purposes of creating free-artificial beach, choosing of wrecking zone of Ochamchire is based on coastal protection effectiveness and economical principals, including technical-economical effectiveness.展开更多
Colombo is the capital of Sri Lanka and the only wetland city in South Asia under the Ramsar Convention. Crow Island Beach Park and associated coastal area belong to the Colombo urban coastal wetland ecosystems. Crow ...Colombo is the capital of Sri Lanka and the only wetland city in South Asia under the Ramsar Convention. Crow Island Beach Park and associated coastal area belong to the Colombo urban coastal wetland ecosystems. Crow Island wetland contributes diverse habitats for numerous flora and fauna species. The present study was conducted to assess the status of floral diversity in the Crow Island Beach Park and associated coastal ecosystem during the months of August to October 2021. Study area is divided in to three sites (A, B, C). Line transects method and field observations were used in the study. This coastal wetland consists of mosaic of five major vegetation types: Herbaceous, tree, shrub, creeper, grass and other than that marine algae namely<em> Chaetomorpha antennina</em>, <em>Rhizoclonium africanum</em>, <em>Ulva compressa</em> belonging to chlorophyta (green algae) and <em>Grateloupia</em> <em>lithophila</em> belonging to rhodophyta (red algae) were found in the study area. A total number of 102 flora species belonging to 50 families were recorded from the study area. There were two true mangrove species and 16 mangrove associated species in the study sites. Out of the 102 plant species 46 were recognized and documented as plants with medicinal values. Shannon-Wiener diversity indexes for mangrove and mangrove associated species were recorded as 2.378, 2.304 and 1.676 in site A, B and C respectively. Simpson’s diversity index for mangrove and mangrove associated species was recorded as 0.889, 0.874 and 0.735 respectively in site A, B and C and Jaccard index of similarity between three study sites showed high values ranging from 41% to 69% for mangrove and mangrove associated species.展开更多
为了评价不同藜麦种质资源的耐盐性差异,以123份藜麦种质资源为材料,设置4个盐浓度(100、150、250和350m M)进行苗期盐胁迫处理试验,并鉴定其盐胁迫表型。结果表明,分别有3、20和94份种质能够耐受350、250和150 m M浓度的盐胁迫,所有藜...为了评价不同藜麦种质资源的耐盐性差异,以123份藜麦种质资源为材料,设置4个盐浓度(100、150、250和350m M)进行苗期盐胁迫处理试验,并鉴定其盐胁迫表型。结果表明,分别有3、20和94份种质能够耐受350、250和150 m M浓度的盐胁迫,所有藜麦种质对100 m M盐处理均不敏感。之后选取可耐受350m M盐浓度的3份种质PI 614921、Ames 13726、Ames 13761和另外3个可耐受250 m M盐浓度的现代藜麦品种Pasto、Atlas和Riobamba进行全生育周期盐胁迫处理试验,盐浓度为100、150和250m M,检测盐处理后4周和收获期藜麦的株高、叶绿素含量、根系干重、地上部干重以及最终籽粒产量。结果表明,藜麦植株的各生理指标和盐处理浓度均呈显著负相关;藜麦根系干重受盐胁迫影响最大,籽粒产量所受影响最小。最后选取Pasto、Atlas和Riobamba在电导率为7.0 m S·cm-1的盐土耕地上进行株行距密度分别为5 cm×12.5 cm和5 cm×50 cm的小区试验,收获后检测各小区的产量。3个品种的折算产量最高分别可达2.18、2.48和2.26 t·hm-2,其中Atlas和Pasto适于高密度种植、Riobamba适于低密度种植。综上所述,藜麦是一种普遍耐盐的物种,但是不同种质的耐盐性之间存在较大差异;盐胁迫对于藜麦产量的影响较小,因此盐土环境下种植不会使其经济价值大幅度下降。藜麦良好的耐盐性和较高的经济价值对进一步科学合理地利用盐土资源具有重要意义。展开更多
文摘Dichotomous choice elicitation technique of contingent valuation method is broadly used in the research fields of environmental resource and recreational activity management. The binary choice type of questions are generally analyzed by using Logit or Probit probability distribution models in which a common analysis procedure is to apply MLE for estimating variable parameters before calculating the respondents’ willingness to pay. In this paper, a MCMC Gibbs sampling Probit model is adopted to maintain the three advantages it has in dealing with heteroscedasticity, high dimension numerical integral and sample size restriction problems. The results revealed that the MCMC model and MLE Probit model are strikingly consistent, which suggests that the former is much simple and reliable estimation method. At the same time, the empirically based existence value estimation of coastal beach quality improvement in Dalian, China is RMB?168 per person.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2022J05278)the Marine and Fishery Development Special Fund of Xiamen(No.23YYST064QCB36)。
文摘Coastal ecosystems are plagued by high levels of microplastic pollution.Conducting baseline surveys is crucial to comprehend the distribution and influencing factors of this pollution.The present study investigates the spatiotemporal variation and diversity of microplastic on the coastal beaches in Xiamen City,China,considering the combined effects of seasons,human activities,and physicochemical properties of sediments.It is detected that the abundance of microplastics in Xiamen beaches was 0.271±0.01 items/g.The abundance of microplastics in dry season was significantly higher than in rainy season.In terms of spatial variation,the beaches that attracted a larger number of tourists exhibited significantly higher microplastic abundance.The temporal pattern of microplastic distribution on different beaches varied greatly due to region-specific human activities(e.g.,mangrove restoration project)and sedimentary properties(e.g.,bulk density).When the assemblage of microplastics in the coastal area was viewed as a biological community,the Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou's index were higher in rainy season and in the beaches with high intensity of tourist activities,which suggests that the human activities and the surface runoff may contribute to the diversity of microplastics on coastal beaches.Future investigations are encouraged to combine controlled experiments and long-term monitoring at multiple scales to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and factors associated with microplastic pollution in coastal zone.
基金This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A numerical model of shoreline change of sand beaches based on long-term field wave data is proposed, the explicit and implicit finite difference forms of the model are described, and an application of the model is presented. Results of the application indicate that the model is sensitive to the order of the input wave data, and that the effects of long-term wave series and the effects of the mean annual wave conditions on the model are different. Instead of a single wave condition, the wave series will make the calibration and the verification of the model more practical and the results of the model more reasonable.
基金funded by the Agricultural Science and Technology Independent Innovation Fund of Jiangsu Province of China[Grant No.CX(17)004]the National Special Fund for Forestry Scientific Research in the Public Interest(Grant No.201504406)+2 种基金Major Fund for Natural Science of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(Grant No.15KJA220004)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)the Doctorate Fellowship Foundation of Nanjing Forestry University(2169125)。
文摘Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)form a near-ubiquitous mutualistic association with roots to help plants withstand harsh environments,and play a key role in the establishment of coastal beach plant communities.Yet little is known about the structure and composition of AMF communities on coastal beaches of eastern China.In this study,we investigated the occurrence,community composition and diversity of AMF associated with common wild plants on a coastal beach of North Jiangsu,China.Almost all of the local wild species were colonized by AMF except for Chenopodium album L.Thirty-seven AMF species were isolated from the rhizosphere belonging to 12 genera in seven families.Glomus was the dominant genus and Funneliformis mosseae the dominant species.The colonization,spore composition and diversity of AMF were strongly related to edaphic factors.Sodium(Na^(+))ions in the soil significantly and negatively affected the colonization rate by AMF and both soil Na^(+)levels and pH had a significant negative effect on AMF spore density and evenness.However,there was a significant positive correlation between species richness and total organic carbon.The results provide insights into soil factors affecting native AMF communities in coastal beach habitats which could benefit vegetation recovery and soil reclamation efforts.
文摘Qualitative and quantitative studies on changes of coastal geomorphology and shoreline of Karnataka, India have been carried out using toposheets of Survey of India and satellite imageries (IRS-P6 and IRS-1D). Changes during 30 years period are studied at each station. Significant morphological changes in landforms like spit, channel Island, coastal plain, tidal flat, lateritic plain, alluvial plain and sand bar within and adjcent to estuarine river mouths of Kali, Sharavathi, Kollur-Chakkara - Haladi and Udyavara Rivers are observed. The study indicates that gradual erosion is observed at i) Karwar spit along the northern side of the Kali river mouth, ii) the spit at the southern side of the Sharavathi river mouth and iii) at some regions of Kundapur.
基金supported by the Marine Public Benefit Scientific Research Special Fund Project of the State Oceanic Administration (Nos. 200905008 and 201405037)
文摘The headland-bay beach is one of the most common coastal types in the world.Its morphology reflects the changes that occurred during long-term evolution of the sandy coast.Several headland-bay beach models have been proposed to simulate the coastline’s configuration in equilibrium.In this paper,a new elliptical model is proposed,described,and applied.On the east coast of Laizhou Bay in Shandong Province from Longkou Port to Diaolongzui,four typical headland-bay beaches have developed,and four headland-bay beach models are used in this paper to simulate the morphology of these beaches to assess the applicability of each model.The simulation results of the elliptical model verify that it is applicable to the study area.In addition,the elliptical model is easy to use.Through simulation and field investigations,we concluded that most of the coastal segments in this area will remain in an erosion state,and the human activity has a significant impact on the shoreline’s evolution.
文摘In the paper, it is discussed reinforced coastal zones with resort-recreational functions, destructed in terms of anthropogenic pressure of the Black Sea, Georgia. Results of many years’ observations and researches prove low effectiveness of active methods of coastal protection, mostly causing and provoking intensive degradation of the beaches. Article highlights developing and constructing of free and unbounded beaches as an optimal coastal protection approach. Successful example of this approach was developing of coastal zone in 90s, in Gagra (West Georgia), Black Sea. Positive impact of this kind of artificial beach still survives. In the thesis, it is presented an attempt to scientifically prove extrapolation-traduction on the other similar coasts of the recovery of Gagra Zone beach. Based on morphodynamic analysis and comparison, according to the priorities of major features of reinforced coasts, it turned out that coast of three similar objects (Gagra, Ochamchire and Sokhumi) show homogenous aspects. Scientific expediency of providing extrapolation on other similar objects of etalon objects i.e. Gagra Beach recovered by successful coastal protection experiment. Thereby, for the purposes of creating free-artificial beach, choosing of wrecking zone of Ochamchire is based on coastal protection effectiveness and economical principals, including technical-economical effectiveness.
文摘Colombo is the capital of Sri Lanka and the only wetland city in South Asia under the Ramsar Convention. Crow Island Beach Park and associated coastal area belong to the Colombo urban coastal wetland ecosystems. Crow Island wetland contributes diverse habitats for numerous flora and fauna species. The present study was conducted to assess the status of floral diversity in the Crow Island Beach Park and associated coastal ecosystem during the months of August to October 2021. Study area is divided in to three sites (A, B, C). Line transects method and field observations were used in the study. This coastal wetland consists of mosaic of five major vegetation types: Herbaceous, tree, shrub, creeper, grass and other than that marine algae namely<em> Chaetomorpha antennina</em>, <em>Rhizoclonium africanum</em>, <em>Ulva compressa</em> belonging to chlorophyta (green algae) and <em>Grateloupia</em> <em>lithophila</em> belonging to rhodophyta (red algae) were found in the study area. A total number of 102 flora species belonging to 50 families were recorded from the study area. There were two true mangrove species and 16 mangrove associated species in the study sites. Out of the 102 plant species 46 were recognized and documented as plants with medicinal values. Shannon-Wiener diversity indexes for mangrove and mangrove associated species were recorded as 2.378, 2.304 and 1.676 in site A, B and C respectively. Simpson’s diversity index for mangrove and mangrove associated species was recorded as 0.889, 0.874 and 0.735 respectively in site A, B and C and Jaccard index of similarity between three study sites showed high values ranging from 41% to 69% for mangrove and mangrove associated species.
基金江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(14)2044]美国国际发展署Securing Water for Food Award-salt Tolerant Quinoa子项目(UR4443 B)
文摘为了评价不同藜麦种质资源的耐盐性差异,以123份藜麦种质资源为材料,设置4个盐浓度(100、150、250和350m M)进行苗期盐胁迫处理试验,并鉴定其盐胁迫表型。结果表明,分别有3、20和94份种质能够耐受350、250和150 m M浓度的盐胁迫,所有藜麦种质对100 m M盐处理均不敏感。之后选取可耐受350m M盐浓度的3份种质PI 614921、Ames 13726、Ames 13761和另外3个可耐受250 m M盐浓度的现代藜麦品种Pasto、Atlas和Riobamba进行全生育周期盐胁迫处理试验,盐浓度为100、150和250m M,检测盐处理后4周和收获期藜麦的株高、叶绿素含量、根系干重、地上部干重以及最终籽粒产量。结果表明,藜麦植株的各生理指标和盐处理浓度均呈显著负相关;藜麦根系干重受盐胁迫影响最大,籽粒产量所受影响最小。最后选取Pasto、Atlas和Riobamba在电导率为7.0 m S·cm-1的盐土耕地上进行株行距密度分别为5 cm×12.5 cm和5 cm×50 cm的小区试验,收获后检测各小区的产量。3个品种的折算产量最高分别可达2.18、2.48和2.26 t·hm-2,其中Atlas和Pasto适于高密度种植、Riobamba适于低密度种植。综上所述,藜麦是一种普遍耐盐的物种,但是不同种质的耐盐性之间存在较大差异;盐胁迫对于藜麦产量的影响较小,因此盐土环境下种植不会使其经济价值大幅度下降。藜麦良好的耐盐性和较高的经济价值对进一步科学合理地利用盐土资源具有重要意义。
