Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.is an important industrial crop with a high medicinal value,whose capitulum consists of ray and disc florets containing numerous bioactive components,such as flavonoids and phenolic acid...Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.is an important industrial crop with a high medicinal value,whose capitulum consists of ray and disc florets containing numerous bioactive components,such as flavonoids and phenolic acids.However,the distribution and accumulations of the bioactive metabolites in florets of Chrysanthemum morifolium were unclear.Herein,the ray and disc florets of Chrysanthemum morifolium were separated for comparing the bioactive metabolites.The contents of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities were significantly different between the two florets.The metabolomic analysis identified 203 and 241 differential metabolites between ray and disc florets at two flowering stages.The derivatives of quercetin,isorhamnetin,tricin,and caffeoylquinic acid were enriched in the disc florets,while apigenin,kaempferol,acacetin,and their glycosides mainly accumulated in the ray florets.Besides,the results of transcriptome and qRT-PCR suggested that the F3H,F3'H,and FLS genes highly expressed in disc florets,while the FNS gene was well expressed in ray florets,which explained the different distribution of phenolic compounds between ray and disc florets.Furthermore,the expression of CmCYC2 genes was found to be significantly related to the distribution of flavones by correlation analysis.It was proved by the luciferase reporter assay that CmCYC2a and CmCYC2d factors could bind and activate the CmFNS promoter to regulate the flavones biosynthesis in ray florets.These results revealed the significant difference of metabolite contents and gene expression profile between ray and disc floret in Chrysanthemum morifolium and demonstrated that the quality of Chrysanthemum morifolium‘Hangju'was closely relevant to its flower morphology.展开更多
[Objective] The purpose was to study the effects of different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi strains（AMF）on the mineral nutrition and antioxidant enzymes of Chrysanthemum morifolium.[Method] The pot experiment was con...[Objective] The purpose was to study the effects of different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi strains（AMF）on the mineral nutrition and antioxidant enzymes of Chrysanthemum morifolium.[Method] The pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse,C.morifolium ＇Jinba＇ was inoculated with five kinds of AMF,N,P,K,malondial dehyde（MDA）content,as well as the superoxide dismutase（SOD）,peroxidase（POD） and catalase（CAT） activity in roots,leaves and petals of C.morifolium were measured at seedling and flowering stages.[Result] The G.i,G.e and G.m treatments could promote mineral nutrient absorption,increase N,P,K content in roots,leaves and petals of C.morifolium compared with the control without inoculation.The G.d、G.e and G.m treatments could significantly reduce MDA content in roots and petals,thus alleviating membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation.The G.i treatments could also improve the SOD,POD and CAT activities of C.morifolium,thereby increasing the capability of scavenging oxygen free radicals.[Conclusion] According to the comprehensive analysis,G.i was screened out as the best strain to improve mineral nutrition and antioxidant enzyme activities of C.morifolium.展开更多
Two new flavonoid glycosides were isolated from the flowering heads of Chrysanthemum morifolium. Their structures were determined to be luteolin 4＇-methoxy-7- O-（6＂-O-acetyl）-β-D-glucopyranoside （1） and acaceti...Two new flavonoid glycosides were isolated from the flowering heads of Chrysanthemum morifolium. Their structures were determined to be luteolin 4＇-methoxy-7- O-（6＂-O-acetyl）-β-D-glucopyranoside （1） and acacetin 7-O-（3＂-O-acetyl）-β-D-glucopyranoside （2） by means of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic analysis, including 2D NMR technique.展开更多
A novel computational system was used to decipher the targets and mechanisms of Chrysanthemum morifolium against hepatocellular carcinoma.The putative target profile of Chrysanthemum morifolium against hepatocellular ...A novel computational system was used to decipher the targets and mechanisms of Chrysanthemum morifolium against hepatocellular carcinoma.The putative target profile of Chrysanthemum morifolium against hepatocellular carcinoma was identified from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology and DrugBank.Next,identification of the protein-protein interaction network of Chrysanthemum morifolium against hepatocellular carcinoma targets,and the identification of differentially expressed genes in hepatocellular carcinoma,relied on data from the NCBI database.Finally,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology were used to analyze the common targets.Forty-eight active compounds in Chrysanthemum morifolium were identified by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology and DrugBank,and 71 differentially expressed genes were identified in the GEO database.Further,10 core target proteins were selected,including CYP1A1,ADRB2,ADRA1B,PGR,MAOB,SLC6A4,GABRA1,MAOA,NOS3 and PTGS2.These target genes were also found to be associated with pathways involved in adrenergic receptor activity and catecholamine binding.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to explore the virus elimination technique of Chrysanthemum morifolium′Shenma′.[Method]With C.morifolium ′Shenma′as the test materials,the virus elimination effects of shoot-tip treatment,...[Objective]The paper was to explore the virus elimination technique of Chrysanthemum morifolium′Shenma′.[Method]With C.morifolium ′Shenma′as the test materials,the virus elimination effects of shoot-tip treatment,shoot-tip with virazole treatment and shoot-tip with heat treatment were used to study the effect of virus elimination in the paper.The shoot-tips with the lengths of 0.2-0.3,0.4-0.5,0.6-0.8 and 0.9-1.0 mm were cultured by the shoot-tip treatment.A randomized complete blocks design was conducted to screen the best shoot-tip length and virazole concentration by shoot-tip with virazole treatment.The test-tube seedling were cultured by the method of variable temperature at day and night and stepwise temperature rising.ELISA test was used to identify the elimination efficiencies.[Result]The shoot-tip with the length of 0.4-0.5 mm was the best in shoot-tip treatment;the combination of shoot-tip length of 0.4-0.5mm and virazole mass concentration of 10 mg/L was the best in shoot-tip with virazole treatment;the shoot-tip with the length of 0.4-0.5 mm stripped after heat treatment for 45d was the best in shoot-tip with heat treatment.[Conclusion]The study provides an effective way for virus elimination in C. morifolium′Shenma′.展开更多
Chrysanthemum morifolium,an ornamental crop with diverse forms of inflorescence,is a good model for studying flower development in Asteraceae.However,the genetic background is complex and the mechanisms of regulating ...Chrysanthemum morifolium,an ornamental crop with diverse forms of inflorescence,is a good model for studying flower development in Asteraceae.However,the genetic background is complex and the mechanisms of regulating flower development are still unclear.Here,we identified two natural mutant lines of chrysanthemum and named them M1 and M2 according to the severity of the phenotype.Both lines showed defects in petal identity,and the petals of the M1 line had a mild phenotype:partially loss of petal identity and conversion of petals into green,leaf-like organs.The M2 line had severe phenotypes:in addition to severe petal defects,secondary inflorescences were produced in the capitulum to replace the normal ray and disc florets,which indicated a transformation of a flower meristem into an inflorescence meristem.Transcriptome sequencing of WT and M2 inflorescences was performed and found altered expression of floral organ development A,B and E class genes,where B and E class genes were significantly down-regulated.qRT-PCR analysis in both M1 and M2 lines revealed that the expression of three chrysanthemum class B genes CmAP3.1,CmAP3.2 and CmPI,was negatively correlated with phenotypic severity.This suggests that class B genes in chrysanthemum not only have conserved functions in determining petal identity but also were involved in the determinacy of the flower meristem.This study provides insights into the functions of class B genes in flower development,and is informative for dissecting the molecular mechanisms of flower development in chrysanthemum.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to provide a theoretical basis for the extraction and comprehensive utilization of functional active components of Chrysanthemum morifolium polyphenols.[Methods]With C.morifolium a...[Objectives]This study was conducted to provide a theoretical basis for the extraction and comprehensive utilization of functional active components of Chrysanthemum morifolium polyphenols.[Methods]With C.morifolium as a raw material,polyphenols were extracted by water extraction.The extraction process of polyphenols were optimized by single factor tests on solid-liquid ratio,extracting time and times.Old rice wine selected as the base wine was added with C.morifolium polyphenol extract,honey,citric acid and other auxiliary materials to prepare a kind of chrysanthemum old rice wine.Through sensory analysis combined with fuzzy mathematics comprehensive evaluation method,the optimal formula of chrysanthemum old rice wine was determined,and the corresponding physicochemical indicators of the obtained chrysanthemum old rice wine were tested.[Results]The optimal soaking process for C.morifolium was as follows:extraction time of 20 min,a solid-liquid ratio of C.morifolium to warm water at 1:40,extraction times of 3 times.The physical and chemical indicators of the chrysanthemum wine obtained from the above optimal formula were as follows:sugar content 5%,ethanol content 11%,and pH value 4.04.The chrysanthemum old rice wine obtained was clear and transparent,and the fragrance of chrysanthemum was coordinated with the mellow aroma of rice wine.The taste was refreshing and suitable for the vast majority of people to drink.[Conclusions]The new type of chrysanthemum old rice wine combines the polyphenolic active substances in C.morifolium with the low ethanol content of old rice wine,which not only improves the utilization rate of C.morifolium,but also strengthens the health function of old rice wine products,improves the quality of old rice wine,and promotes the healthy and rapid development of the old rice wine industry.展开更多
This experiment was conducted in Horticulture Department, School of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Duhok, Iraq in 2010 on Chrysanthemum plants, in order to mitigate the adverse in...This experiment was conducted in Horticulture Department, School of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Duhok, Iraq in 2010 on Chrysanthemum plants, in order to mitigate the adverse influence of salinity by the use of liquorice root extract and study its effect on vegetative growth, chlorophyll content in leaves from chlorophyll and assistant pigment, carbohydrate and starch. Subsequently, the trail consisted of three levels of salinity （0, 4 and 8 ds m^-1） and three concentrations of the liquorice root extract 0, 2.5 and 5 g L^-1. Results showed that salinity （4 ds m^-1） rate caused significant increases in certain vegetative characteristics （branches number, plant height, leaves number and leaf area）, photosynthetic pigments （Chl a, Chl b, total chlorophyll, a-carotene, β-carotene, zeaxanthin, astaxanthin）, fresh shoot weight, fresh root weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, shoot： root ratio, carbohydrate dry weight percentage and starch percentage as compared to untreated check. However, increasing salinity rate to 8 ds m^-1 resulted in substantial reductions in all above mentioned Waits. Treatment with liquorices root extract, in particular, 5 g L^-1 manifested a potent capability in ameliorating the salinity negative effects in terms of vegetative and photosynthetic pigments aspects.展开更多
This paper first introduced Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. and its medicinal value. Then, it studied agricultural intellectual property resources such as geographical indications, trademarks, patents, new plant varie...This paper first introduced Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. and its medicinal value. Then, it studied agricultural intellectual property resources such as geographical indications, trademarks, patents, new plant varieties, biological genetic resources, and traditional knowledge related to C. morifolium . Finally, it summarized poverty-stricken areas ecologically suitable for planting C. morifolium , analyzed the GAP certification of C. morifolium , pollution-free agricultural product certification, green food certification, and organic food certification, and discussed the strategies for C. morifolium intellectual property protection and authenticity protection in the context of TCM development strategy and rural revitalization strategy.展开更多
Chrysanthemum morifolium’Chuju’is a famous medicinal species in traditional Chinese medicine.’Chuju’contains various active ingredients that can be used to treat multiple diseases without toxic side effects.In the...Chrysanthemum morifolium’Chuju’is a famous medicinal species in traditional Chinese medicine.’Chuju’contains various active ingredients that can be used to treat multiple diseases without toxic side effects.In the present study,we combined metabolomics and network pharmacology to further explore the active ingredients in’Chuju’,as well as the target and pharmacological mechanisms of the active ingredients.A visualized network analysis model based on chemistry,pharmacokinetics,and pharmacology was constructed to predict the potential pharmacological mechanism of’Chuju’.A total of 424 metabolites of’Chuju’were identified,of which 21 ingredients had positive pharmacological effects after ADME screening.The network pharmacology revealed that acacetin and beta-sitosterol in’Chuju’could act on GSK3B,MAPK14,ADRA1R,and NOS2 to regulate diabetes mellitus,Alzheimer’s disease,breast cancer,and inflammatory diseases.These results indicated the potential pharmacological effects of the active components in’Chuju’.展开更多
Mannliche Wistar Ratten wurden intravenos mit 700 ×103 Sporozoiten von Plasmodium yoelii infiziert. Den Versuchstieren wurde 2 und 24 Stunden nach der Infektion 700 mg/kg eines Extraktes von Chrysanthemum morifol...Mannliche Wistar Ratten wurden intravenos mit 700 ×103 Sporozoiten von Plasmodium yoelii infiziert. Den Versuchstieren wurde 2 und 24 Stunden nach der Infektion 700 mg/kg eines Extraktes von Chrysanthemum morifolium in die Bauchhohle gespritzt. 40 Stunden nach der Infektion wurden die Tiere getotet und in Leberdunnschnitten wurde die exoerythrozytare Schizogonie bestimmt. Es wurde gefunden, daβ zwar das Eindringen der Sporozoiten in die Leberzellen nicht gehemmt wurde,jedoch die intrazellulare Reifung zu infektiosen Formen der exoerythrozytare Schizogonie deutlich gehemmt war.展开更多
Die Wirkung des Athylazetatextraktes von Chrysanthemum morifolium auf P. falciparum wurde in vitro untersucht. Wahrend sich die Parasitamie bei der Kontrollgruppe bis zu 10. 90% entwickelte, wurde bei dem mit Athylaze...Die Wirkung des Athylazetatextraktes von Chrysanthemum morifolium auf P. falciparum wurde in vitro untersucht. Wahrend sich die Parasitamie bei der Kontrollgruppe bis zu 10. 90% entwickelte, wurde bei dem mit Athylazetatextrakt in einer Konzentration von 100 μg/ml Medium am 5. Tag der Kultur eine signifikante Hemmwirkung auf die Parasiten beobachtet. Die Parasitamie blieb bei 1.00 %.展开更多
FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)is an important factor for integrating flowering signals through the photoperiod pathway,which significantly promotes flowering.Most chrysanthemum varieties are short-day plants,sensitive to the p...FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)is an important factor for integrating flowering signals through the photoperiod pathway,which significantly promotes flowering.Most chrysanthemum varieties are short-day plants,sensitive to the photoperiod,which limits their ornamental and annual production supply.In this study,we aim to analyze the nutrients and flowering-related genes of chrysanthemums with different photoperiod types and to clone and verify the function of the flowering-related gene CmFT.We found that the formation of floral buds requires the accumulation of starch while consuming soluble sugars and the expression patterns of flowering-related genes GIGANTEA(GI),CONSTANS(CO),and FT in C.morifolium‘Zilian’and C.morifolium‘Zihongtuogui’had a certain synchronization during floral buds differentiation according to our quantitative validation,and the expression levels of CmGI,CmCO and CmFT in C.morifolium‘Zihongtuogui’were higher than those in C.morifolium.‘Zilian’in the later stage of differentiation.CmFT was cloned from photosensitive chrysanthemums-C.morifolium‘Zihongtuogui’and polypeptide alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that CmFT was clustered in FT-like subfamily.In further functional verification,we obtained two Arabidopsis transgenic lines.Our results showed that CmFT transgenic ft mutant lines can significantly accelerate flowering in Arabidopsis.Thus,we can initially confirm that CmFT plays an important role in promoting flowering,which may be the key reason for the photosensitivity of C.morifolium‘Zihongtuogui’.Overall,the results of this study are of great importance in revealing the flowering mechanism of different photoperiod types of chrysanthemums.展开更多
Plasma membrane vesicles of chrysanthemum ( Dendranthema morifolium (Ramat.) Tzvel.) callus was purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation to investigate the influence of sound stimulation on the lipid physical st...Plasma membrane vesicles of chrysanthemum ( Dendranthema morifolium (Ramat.) Tzvel.) callus was purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation to investigate the influence of sound stimulation on the lipid physical states and metabolism of plasma membrane. The results showed that sound stimulation decreased the content of phosphodiesters and the fluorescent intensity of DPH, but increased the light scattering value of the membrane, the fluorescent intensity of MC540 and the content of phosphomonoesters, indicating that the vesicles got looser, the charge density and hydrophobicity of membrane surface decreased under sound stimulation of some strength and frequency. However, the membrane fluidity increased under the condition. Meanwhile, the anabolism of membrane lipid increased and the catabolism decreased. It can be seen that the physical state and metabolism of membrane lipid is sensitive to sound stimulation.展开更多
基金financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81503180)the Opening Project of Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Grant No.2021E10013)+1 种基金the Opening Project of NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Grant No.AHYJ-KFKT-202101)the Earmarked fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System(Grant No.JATS[2022]460)。
文摘Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.is an important industrial crop with a high medicinal value,whose capitulum consists of ray and disc florets containing numerous bioactive components,such as flavonoids and phenolic acids.However,the distribution and accumulations of the bioactive metabolites in florets of Chrysanthemum morifolium were unclear.Herein,the ray and disc florets of Chrysanthemum morifolium were separated for comparing the bioactive metabolites.The contents of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities were significantly different between the two florets.The metabolomic analysis identified 203 and 241 differential metabolites between ray and disc florets at two flowering stages.The derivatives of quercetin,isorhamnetin,tricin,and caffeoylquinic acid were enriched in the disc florets,while apigenin,kaempferol,acacetin,and their glycosides mainly accumulated in the ray florets.Besides,the results of transcriptome and qRT-PCR suggested that the F3H,F3'H,and FLS genes highly expressed in disc florets,while the FNS gene was well expressed in ray florets,which explained the different distribution of phenolic compounds between ray and disc florets.Furthermore,the expression of CmCYC2 genes was found to be significantly related to the distribution of flavones by correlation analysis.It was proved by the luciferase reporter assay that CmCYC2a and CmCYC2d factors could bind and activate the CmFNS promoter to regulate the flavones biosynthesis in ray florets.These results revealed the significant difference of metabolite contents and gene expression profile between ray and disc floret in Chrysanthemum morifolium and demonstrated that the quality of Chrysanthemum morifolium‘Hangju'was closely relevant to its flower morphology.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Support Project(2006BAD07B05)Cooperation Project of Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,with Bei-jing Daxing District(2009-2011)~~
文摘[Objective] The purpose was to study the effects of different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi strains（AMF）on the mineral nutrition and antioxidant enzymes of Chrysanthemum morifolium.[Method] The pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse,C.morifolium ＇Jinba＇ was inoculated with five kinds of AMF,N,P,K,malondial dehyde（MDA）content,as well as the superoxide dismutase（SOD）,peroxidase（POD） and catalase（CAT） activity in roots,leaves and petals of C.morifolium were measured at seedling and flowering stages.[Result] The G.i,G.e and G.m treatments could promote mineral nutrient absorption,increase N,P,K content in roots,leaves and petals of C.morifolium compared with the control without inoculation.The G.d、G.e and G.m treatments could significantly reduce MDA content in roots and petals,thus alleviating membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation.The G.i treatments could also improve the SOD,POD and CAT activities of C.morifolium,thereby increasing the capability of scavenging oxygen free radicals.[Conclusion] According to the comprehensive analysis,G.i was screened out as the best strain to improve mineral nutrition and antioxidant enzyme activities of C.morifolium.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Science and Technology Department(No.BK2001219)
文摘Two new flavonoid glycosides were isolated from the flowering heads of Chrysanthemum morifolium. Their structures were determined to be luteolin 4＇-methoxy-7- O-（6＂-O-acetyl）-β-D-glucopyranoside （1） and acacetin 7-O-（3＂-O-acetyl）-β-D-glucopyranoside （2） by means of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic analysis, including 2D NMR technique.
基金This work was supported by Anyang science and Technology development plan project in 2020(Project No.228).
文摘A novel computational system was used to decipher the targets and mechanisms of Chrysanthemum morifolium against hepatocellular carcinoma.The putative target profile of Chrysanthemum morifolium against hepatocellular carcinoma was identified from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology and DrugBank.Next,identification of the protein-protein interaction network of Chrysanthemum morifolium against hepatocellular carcinoma targets,and the identification of differentially expressed genes in hepatocellular carcinoma,relied on data from the NCBI database.Finally,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology were used to analyze the common targets.Forty-eight active compounds in Chrysanthemum morifolium were identified by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology and DrugBank,and 71 differentially expressed genes were identified in the GEO database.Further,10 core target proteins were selected,including CYP1A1,ADRB2,ADRA1B,PGR,MAOB,SLC6A4,GABRA1,MAOA,NOS3 and PTGS2.These target genes were also found to be associated with pathways involved in adrenergic receptor activity and catecholamine binding.
基金Supported by Special Project for Forestry Industry in the Public Interest(200904050)
文摘[Objective]The paper was to explore the virus elimination technique of Chrysanthemum morifolium′Shenma′.[Method]With C.morifolium ′Shenma′as the test materials,the virus elimination effects of shoot-tip treatment,shoot-tip with virazole treatment and shoot-tip with heat treatment were used to study the effect of virus elimination in the paper.The shoot-tips with the lengths of 0.2-0.3,0.4-0.5,0.6-0.8 and 0.9-1.0 mm were cultured by the shoot-tip treatment.A randomized complete blocks design was conducted to screen the best shoot-tip length and virazole concentration by shoot-tip with virazole treatment.The test-tube seedling were cultured by the method of variable temperature at day and night and stepwise temperature rising.ELISA test was used to identify the elimination efficiencies.[Result]The shoot-tip with the length of 0.4-0.5 mm was the best in shoot-tip treatment;the combination of shoot-tip length of 0.4-0.5mm and virazole mass concentration of 10 mg/L was the best in shoot-tip with virazole treatment;the shoot-tip with the length of 0.4-0.5 mm stripped after heat treatment for 45d was the best in shoot-tip with heat treatment.[Conclusion]The study provides an effective way for virus elimination in C. morifolium′Shenma′.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171855)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-23-A18),Seed Industry Project of Jiangsu Province(JBGS[2021]020)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M661870)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFD1000400)a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Chrysanthemum morifolium,an ornamental crop with diverse forms of inflorescence,is a good model for studying flower development in Asteraceae.However,the genetic background is complex and the mechanisms of regulating flower development are still unclear.Here,we identified two natural mutant lines of chrysanthemum and named them M1 and M2 according to the severity of the phenotype.Both lines showed defects in petal identity,and the petals of the M1 line had a mild phenotype:partially loss of petal identity and conversion of petals into green,leaf-like organs.The M2 line had severe phenotypes:in addition to severe petal defects,secondary inflorescences were produced in the capitulum to replace the normal ray and disc florets,which indicated a transformation of a flower meristem into an inflorescence meristem.Transcriptome sequencing of WT and M2 inflorescences was performed and found altered expression of floral organ development A,B and E class genes,where B and E class genes were significantly down-regulated.qRT-PCR analysis in both M1 and M2 lines revealed that the expression of three chrysanthemum class B genes CmAP3.1,CmAP3.2 and CmPI,was negatively correlated with phenotypic severity.This suggests that class B genes in chrysanthemum not only have conserved functions in determining petal identity but also were involved in the determinacy of the flower meristem.This study provides insights into the functions of class B genes in flower development,and is informative for dissecting the molecular mechanisms of flower development in chrysanthemum.
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to provide a theoretical basis for the extraction and comprehensive utilization of functional active components of Chrysanthemum morifolium polyphenols.[Methods]With C.morifolium as a raw material,polyphenols were extracted by water extraction.The extraction process of polyphenols were optimized by single factor tests on solid-liquid ratio,extracting time and times.Old rice wine selected as the base wine was added with C.morifolium polyphenol extract,honey,citric acid and other auxiliary materials to prepare a kind of chrysanthemum old rice wine.Through sensory analysis combined with fuzzy mathematics comprehensive evaluation method,the optimal formula of chrysanthemum old rice wine was determined,and the corresponding physicochemical indicators of the obtained chrysanthemum old rice wine were tested.[Results]The optimal soaking process for C.morifolium was as follows:extraction time of 20 min,a solid-liquid ratio of C.morifolium to warm water at 1:40,extraction times of 3 times.The physical and chemical indicators of the chrysanthemum wine obtained from the above optimal formula were as follows:sugar content 5%,ethanol content 11%,and pH value 4.04.The chrysanthemum old rice wine obtained was clear and transparent,and the fragrance of chrysanthemum was coordinated with the mellow aroma of rice wine.The taste was refreshing and suitable for the vast majority of people to drink.[Conclusions]The new type of chrysanthemum old rice wine combines the polyphenolic active substances in C.morifolium with the low ethanol content of old rice wine,which not only improves the utilization rate of C.morifolium,but also strengthens the health function of old rice wine products,improves the quality of old rice wine,and promotes the healthy and rapid development of the old rice wine industry.
文摘This experiment was conducted in Horticulture Department, School of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Duhok, Iraq in 2010 on Chrysanthemum plants, in order to mitigate the adverse influence of salinity by the use of liquorice root extract and study its effect on vegetative growth, chlorophyll content in leaves from chlorophyll and assistant pigment, carbohydrate and starch. Subsequently, the trail consisted of three levels of salinity （0, 4 and 8 ds m^-1） and three concentrations of the liquorice root extract 0, 2.5 and 5 g L^-1. Results showed that salinity （4 ds m^-1） rate caused significant increases in certain vegetative characteristics （branches number, plant height, leaves number and leaf area）, photosynthetic pigments （Chl a, Chl b, total chlorophyll, a-carotene, β-carotene, zeaxanthin, astaxanthin）, fresh shoot weight, fresh root weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, shoot： root ratio, carbohydrate dry weight percentage and starch percentage as compared to untreated check. However, increasing salinity rate to 8 ds m^-1 resulted in substantial reductions in all above mentioned Waits. Treatment with liquorices root extract, in particular, 5 g L^-1 manifested a potent capability in ameliorating the salinity negative effects in terms of vegetative and photosynthetic pigments aspects.
基金Supported by Foundation for Key Program of Hubei Province(LX201827)Soft Science Program for Technological Innovation of Hubei Province(2018ADC149)
文摘This paper first introduced Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. and its medicinal value. Then, it studied agricultural intellectual property resources such as geographical indications, trademarks, patents, new plant varieties, biological genetic resources, and traditional knowledge related to C. morifolium . Finally, it summarized poverty-stricken areas ecologically suitable for planting C. morifolium , analyzed the GAP certification of C. morifolium , pollution-free agricultural product certification, green food certification, and organic food certification, and discussed the strategies for C. morifolium intellectual property protection and authenticity protection in the context of TCM development strategy and rural revitalization strategy.
基金Key Project of Natural Science Research in Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province(Grant No.KJ2019A0639,KJ2020A0715)Open Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Creation in East China,Ministry of Agriculture(Grant No.ECG2018001)+1 种基金the Key Project of Excellent Young Talents Support Program in Universities of Anhui Province(Grant No.gxyq ZD2021133)Chuzhou Science and Technology Plan Project(Grant No.2020ZN013)。
文摘Chrysanthemum morifolium’Chuju’is a famous medicinal species in traditional Chinese medicine.’Chuju’contains various active ingredients that can be used to treat multiple diseases without toxic side effects.In the present study,we combined metabolomics and network pharmacology to further explore the active ingredients in’Chuju’,as well as the target and pharmacological mechanisms of the active ingredients.A visualized network analysis model based on chemistry,pharmacokinetics,and pharmacology was constructed to predict the potential pharmacological mechanism of’Chuju’.A total of 424 metabolites of’Chuju’were identified,of which 21 ingredients had positive pharmacological effects after ADME screening.The network pharmacology revealed that acacetin and beta-sitosterol in’Chuju’could act on GSK3B,MAPK14,ADRA1R,and NOS2 to regulate diabetes mellitus,Alzheimer’s disease,breast cancer,and inflammatory diseases.These results indicated the potential pharmacological effects of the active components in’Chuju’.
文摘Mannliche Wistar Ratten wurden intravenos mit 700 ×103 Sporozoiten von Plasmodium yoelii infiziert. Den Versuchstieren wurde 2 und 24 Stunden nach der Infektion 700 mg/kg eines Extraktes von Chrysanthemum morifolium in die Bauchhohle gespritzt. 40 Stunden nach der Infektion wurden die Tiere getotet und in Leberdunnschnitten wurde die exoerythrozytare Schizogonie bestimmt. Es wurde gefunden, daβ zwar das Eindringen der Sporozoiten in die Leberzellen nicht gehemmt wurde,jedoch die intrazellulare Reifung zu infektiosen Formen der exoerythrozytare Schizogonie deutlich gehemmt war.
文摘Die Wirkung des Athylazetatextraktes von Chrysanthemum morifolium auf P. falciparum wurde in vitro untersucht. Wahrend sich die Parasitamie bei der Kontrollgruppe bis zu 10. 90% entwickelte, wurde bei dem mit Athylazetatextrakt in einer Konzentration von 100 μg/ml Medium am 5. Tag der Kultur eine signifikante Hemmwirkung auf die Parasiten beobachtet. Die Parasitamie blieb bei 1.00 %.
基金the Major Technological Innovation of Guangdong Province of China,Grant Number 2020B020220009the Science and Technology Projects,Grant Number 202201011833.
文摘FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)is an important factor for integrating flowering signals through the photoperiod pathway,which significantly promotes flowering.Most chrysanthemum varieties are short-day plants,sensitive to the photoperiod,which limits their ornamental and annual production supply.In this study,we aim to analyze the nutrients and flowering-related genes of chrysanthemums with different photoperiod types and to clone and verify the function of the flowering-related gene CmFT.We found that the formation of floral buds requires the accumulation of starch while consuming soluble sugars and the expression patterns of flowering-related genes GIGANTEA(GI),CONSTANS(CO),and FT in C.morifolium‘Zilian’and C.morifolium‘Zihongtuogui’had a certain synchronization during floral buds differentiation according to our quantitative validation,and the expression levels of CmGI,CmCO and CmFT in C.morifolium‘Zihongtuogui’were higher than those in C.morifolium.‘Zilian’in the later stage of differentiation.CmFT was cloned from photosensitive chrysanthemums-C.morifolium‘Zihongtuogui’and polypeptide alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that CmFT was clustered in FT-like subfamily.In further functional verification,we obtained two Arabidopsis transgenic lines.Our results showed that CmFT transgenic ft mutant lines can significantly accelerate flowering in Arabidopsis.Thus,we can initially confirm that CmFT plays an important role in promoting flowering,which may be the key reason for the photosensitivity of C.morifolium‘Zihongtuogui’.Overall,the results of this study are of great importance in revealing the flowering mechanism of different photoperiod types of chrysanthemums.
文摘Plasma membrane vesicles of chrysanthemum ( Dendranthema morifolium (Ramat.) Tzvel.) callus was purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation to investigate the influence of sound stimulation on the lipid physical states and metabolism of plasma membrane. The results showed that sound stimulation decreased the content of phosphodiesters and the fluorescent intensity of DPH, but increased the light scattering value of the membrane, the fluorescent intensity of MC540 and the content of phosphomonoesters, indicating that the vesicles got looser, the charge density and hydrophobicity of membrane surface decreased under sound stimulation of some strength and frequency. However, the membrane fluidity increased under the condition. Meanwhile, the anabolism of membrane lipid increased and the catabolism decreased. It can be seen that the physical state and metabolism of membrane lipid is sensitive to sound stimulation.
