BACKGROUND Inflammatory cytokines play a vital role in the occurrence of osteoarticular injury and inflammation. Whether inflammation-associated factors interleukin-1β(IL- 1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)...BACKGROUND Inflammatory cytokines play a vital role in the occurrence of osteoarticular injury and inflammation. Whether inflammation-associated factors interleukin-1β(IL- 1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are involved in the pathogenesis of keen articular cartilage injury remains poorly understood. AIM To measure the levels of inflammatory factors [IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF] in patients with knee articular cartilage injury. METHODS Fifty-five patients with knee articular cartilage injury were selected as patient groups, who were divided into three grades [mild (n = 20), moderate (n = 19) and severe (n = 16)] according to disease severity and X-ray examinations. Meanwhile, 30 healthy individuals who underwent physical examination were selected as the control group. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF were measured by ELISA and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Compared with the control group, patient groups displayed significantly higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF, and the extent of increase was directly proportional to the severity of injury (P < 0.05). In addition, the number of cells with positive staining of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF in the synovial membrane were significantly increased, along with increased disease severity (P < 0.05). After treatment, the scores of visual analogue scale and the Western Ontario and McMaster University of Orthopaedic Index in patient groups were 2.26 ± 1.13 and 15.56 ± 7.12 points, respectively, which were significantly lower than those before treatment (6.98 ± 1.32 and 49.48 ± 8.96). Correlation analysis suggested that IL-1β and TNF-α were positively correlated with VEGF. CONCLUSION IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF levels are increased in patients with knee articular cartilage injury, and are associated with the disease severity, indicating they might play an important role in the occurrence and development of knee articular cartilage injury. Furthermore, therapeutically targeting them might be a novel approach for the treatment of keen articular cartilage injury.展开更多
For improving the theory of gradient microstructure of cartilage/bone interface, human distal femurs were studied. Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM）, histological sections and MicroCT were used to observe, measure ...For improving the theory of gradient microstructure of cartilage/bone interface, human distal femurs were studied. Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM）, histological sections and MicroCT were used to observe, measure and model the micro- structure of cartilage/bone interface. The results showed that the cartilage/bone interface is in a hierarchical structure which is composed of four different tissue layers. The interlocking of hyaline cartilage and calcified cartilage and that of calcified car- tilage and subchondral bone are in the manner of＂protrusion-pore＂ with average diameter of 17.0 gm and 34.1 lam respectively. In addition, the cancellous bone under the cartilage is also formed by four layer hierarchical structure, and the adjacent layers are connected by bone trabecula in the shape of H, I and Y, forming a complex interwoven network structure. Finally, the simplified structure model of the cartilage/bone interface was proposed according to the natural articular cartilage/bone interface. The simplified model is a 4-layer gradient biomimetic structure, which corresponds to four different tissues of natural cartilage/bone interface. The results of this work would be beneficial to the design of bionic scaffold for the tissue engineering of articular cartilage/bone.展开更多
背景:有限元分析是一种先进的计算机工程技术,利用数学近似的方法对真实人体进行模拟,可以真实反映膝关节结构内部的生物力学特征,为理解膝关节疾病发病机制、优化手术方案以及开发新型植入材料提供了有效的工具。目的:对膝关节有限元...背景:有限元分析是一种先进的计算机工程技术,利用数学近似的方法对真实人体进行模拟,可以真实反映膝关节结构内部的生物力学特征,为理解膝关节疾病发病机制、优化手术方案以及开发新型植入材料提供了有效的工具。目的:对膝关节有限元模型的建立及其在膝关节疾病研究中的应用进行综述,并展望了未来的发展趋势。方法:第一作者于2024年4月以“Finite Element Analysis,FEA,knee joint,Finite Element Model,Knee Biomechanics,Knee Osteoarthritis,Knee Prosthesis,Knee Ligaments,Meniscus”为英文检索词在PubMed和EI数据库进行检索,以“有限元分析,有限元模型,膝关节,生物力学,骨关节炎,计算模型,膝关节假体,膝关节韧带,半月板”为中文检索词在中国知网和万方数据库进行检索,最终纳入75篇文献进行分析。结果与结论:①有限元分析法利用医学影像数据获得三维人体模型,将复杂的人体关节结构简化为有限且相互连接的单元,通过对模型施加外部载荷,直观地显示膝关节内部的应力分布。②研究者通过有限元分析深入研究膝关节在不同工况下的内部应力和应变分布,可发现膝关节内部载荷分配平衡改变时,关节软骨的过度载荷及部分区域的负荷下降,这种长期异常应力会引起软骨变形和磨损,最终缺失,对于理解生物力学因素如何引起膝关节退行性变至关重要。③有研究通过有限元分析评估膝骨关节炎患者采用太极拳、步态调整等物理治疗方法的效果,结果显示这些治疗方法减少了软骨的过度负荷,为临床治疗提供了科学理论依据。④临床医生通过有限元分析在手术前进行三维重建、数据测量和模拟手术,能够优化手术治疗策略;此外,还可以通过模拟不同假体的力学特征,改进假体的形状、材料和固定方式,减少患者的并发症,提高患者的治疗效果。⑤人工智能与有限元分析相结合使得有限元模型的构建更为精确和易于操作,极大提高了临床医生医疗实践的效率和患者的治疗效果。⑥有限元分析仅是数字化的模拟,与真实物理状态仍存在一定差异。展开更多
Objective: To study the effects of occlusal trauma on the ultra structure of synovial membrane and articular cartilage in rabbits temporomandibular joints (TMJ). Methods: TMJs from six rabbits with occlusal trauma and...Objective: To study the effects of occlusal trauma on the ultra structure of synovial membrane and articular cartilage in rabbits temporomandibular joints (TMJ). Methods: TMJs from six rabbits with occlusal trauma and three control rabbits were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Results: Degenerative changes in synovial membrane and articular cartilage of TMJ were induced following occlusal trauma. The structure of the articular surface was damaged, and chondrocytes in cartilage showed signs of degeneration. The synovial lining cells contained dense accumulations of vimentin intermediate filaments (IFs), which were especially prevalent in the cellular processes as well as paranuclearly. Microvilli on the synovial cell membrane were commonly seen. The “vermiform bodies” in the deeper interstitium of the synovial tissue were also found. Our findings of the punctate adherens between synovial lining cells were described in detail. Conclusions: The occlusal trauma is really a factor inducing degenerative changes of the TMJ.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Inflammatory cytokines play a vital role in the occurrence of osteoarticular injury and inflammation. Whether inflammation-associated factors interleukin-1β(IL- 1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are involved in the pathogenesis of keen articular cartilage injury remains poorly understood. AIM To measure the levels of inflammatory factors [IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF] in patients with knee articular cartilage injury. METHODS Fifty-five patients with knee articular cartilage injury were selected as patient groups, who were divided into three grades [mild (n = 20), moderate (n = 19) and severe (n = 16)] according to disease severity and X-ray examinations. Meanwhile, 30 healthy individuals who underwent physical examination were selected as the control group. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF were measured by ELISA and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Compared with the control group, patient groups displayed significantly higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF, and the extent of increase was directly proportional to the severity of injury (P < 0.05). In addition, the number of cells with positive staining of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF in the synovial membrane were significantly increased, along with increased disease severity (P < 0.05). After treatment, the scores of visual analogue scale and the Western Ontario and McMaster University of Orthopaedic Index in patient groups were 2.26 ± 1.13 and 15.56 ± 7.12 points, respectively, which were significantly lower than those before treatment (6.98 ± 1.32 and 49.48 ± 8.96). Correlation analysis suggested that IL-1β and TNF-α were positively correlated with VEGF. CONCLUSION IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF levels are increased in patients with knee articular cartilage injury, and are associated with the disease severity, indicating they might play an important role in the occurrence and development of knee articular cartilage injury. Furthermore, therapeutically targeting them might be a novel approach for the treatment of keen articular cartilage injury.
基金This paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No： 50875201） and the National Hi-Tech Program of China （Grant No： 2009AA043801）. The authors thank Professor Yiping Tang from Xi＇an Jiaotong University for improving the manuscript.
文摘For improving the theory of gradient microstructure of cartilage/bone interface, human distal femurs were studied. Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM）, histological sections and MicroCT were used to observe, measure and model the micro- structure of cartilage/bone interface. The results showed that the cartilage/bone interface is in a hierarchical structure which is composed of four different tissue layers. The interlocking of hyaline cartilage and calcified cartilage and that of calcified car- tilage and subchondral bone are in the manner of＂protrusion-pore＂ with average diameter of 17.0 gm and 34.1 lam respectively. In addition, the cancellous bone under the cartilage is also formed by four layer hierarchical structure, and the adjacent layers are connected by bone trabecula in the shape of H, I and Y, forming a complex interwoven network structure. Finally, the simplified structure model of the cartilage/bone interface was proposed according to the natural articular cartilage/bone interface. The simplified model is a 4-layer gradient biomimetic structure, which corresponds to four different tissues of natural cartilage/bone interface. The results of this work would be beneficial to the design of bionic scaffold for the tissue engineering of articular cartilage/bone.
文摘背景:有限元分析是一种先进的计算机工程技术,利用数学近似的方法对真实人体进行模拟,可以真实反映膝关节结构内部的生物力学特征,为理解膝关节疾病发病机制、优化手术方案以及开发新型植入材料提供了有效的工具。目的:对膝关节有限元模型的建立及其在膝关节疾病研究中的应用进行综述,并展望了未来的发展趋势。方法:第一作者于2024年4月以“Finite Element Analysis,FEA,knee joint,Finite Element Model,Knee Biomechanics,Knee Osteoarthritis,Knee Prosthesis,Knee Ligaments,Meniscus”为英文检索词在PubMed和EI数据库进行检索,以“有限元分析,有限元模型,膝关节,生物力学,骨关节炎,计算模型,膝关节假体,膝关节韧带,半月板”为中文检索词在中国知网和万方数据库进行检索,最终纳入75篇文献进行分析。结果与结论:①有限元分析法利用医学影像数据获得三维人体模型,将复杂的人体关节结构简化为有限且相互连接的单元,通过对模型施加外部载荷,直观地显示膝关节内部的应力分布。②研究者通过有限元分析深入研究膝关节在不同工况下的内部应力和应变分布,可发现膝关节内部载荷分配平衡改变时,关节软骨的过度载荷及部分区域的负荷下降,这种长期异常应力会引起软骨变形和磨损,最终缺失,对于理解生物力学因素如何引起膝关节退行性变至关重要。③有研究通过有限元分析评估膝骨关节炎患者采用太极拳、步态调整等物理治疗方法的效果,结果显示这些治疗方法减少了软骨的过度负荷,为临床治疗提供了科学理论依据。④临床医生通过有限元分析在手术前进行三维重建、数据测量和模拟手术,能够优化手术治疗策略;此外,还可以通过模拟不同假体的力学特征,改进假体的形状、材料和固定方式,减少患者的并发症,提高患者的治疗效果。⑤人工智能与有限元分析相结合使得有限元模型的构建更为精确和易于操作,极大提高了临床医生医疗实践的效率和患者的治疗效果。⑥有限元分析仅是数字化的模拟,与真实物理状态仍存在一定差异。
文摘Objective: To study the effects of occlusal trauma on the ultra structure of synovial membrane and articular cartilage in rabbits temporomandibular joints (TMJ). Methods: TMJs from six rabbits with occlusal trauma and three control rabbits were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Results: Degenerative changes in synovial membrane and articular cartilage of TMJ were induced following occlusal trauma. The structure of the articular surface was damaged, and chondrocytes in cartilage showed signs of degeneration. The synovial lining cells contained dense accumulations of vimentin intermediate filaments (IFs), which were especially prevalent in the cellular processes as well as paranuclearly. Microvilli on the synovial cell membrane were commonly seen. The “vermiform bodies” in the deeper interstitium of the synovial tissue were also found. Our findings of the punctate adherens between synovial lining cells were described in detail. Conclusions: The occlusal trauma is really a factor inducing degenerative changes of the TMJ.
