Pt-based nanocatalysts offer excellent prospects for various industries.However,the low loading of Pt with excellent performance for efficient and stable nanocatalysts still presents a considerable challenge.In this s...Pt-based nanocatalysts offer excellent prospects for various industries.However,the low loading of Pt with excellent performance for efficient and stable nanocatalysts still presents a considerable challenge.In this study,nanocatalysts with ultralow Pt content,excellent performance,and carbon black as support were prepared through in-situ synthesis.These~2-nm particles uniformly and stably dispersed on carbon black because of the strong s-p-d orbital hybridizations between carbon black and Pt,which suppressed the agglomeration of Pt ions.This unique structure is beneficial for the hydrogen evolution reaction.The catalysts exhibited remarkable catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction,exhibiting a potential of 100 mV at 100 mA·cm^(-2),which is comparable to those of commercial Pt/C catalysts.Mass activity(1.61 A/mg)was four times that of a commercial Pt/C catalyst(0.37 A/mg).The ultralow Pt loading(6.84wt%)paves the way for the development of next-generation electrocatalysts.展开更多
The utilization of iron coke provides a green pathway for low-carbon ironmaking.To uncover the influence mechanism of iron ore on the behavior and kinetics of iron coke gasification,the effect of iron ore on the micro...The utilization of iron coke provides a green pathway for low-carbon ironmaking.To uncover the influence mechanism of iron ore on the behavior and kinetics of iron coke gasification,the effect of iron ore on the microstructure of iron coke was investigated.Furthermore,a comparative study of the gasification reactions between iron coke and coke was conducted through non-isothermal thermogravimetric method.The findings indicate that compared to coke,iron coke exhibits an augmentation in micropores and specific surface area,and the micropores further extend and interconnect.This provides more adsorption sites for CO_(2) molecules during the gasification process,resulting in a reduction in the initial gasification temperature of iron coke.Accelerating the heating rate in non-isothermal gasification can enhance the reactivity of iron coke.The metallic iron reduced from iron ore is embedded in the carbon matrix,reducing the orderliness of the carbon structure,which is primarily responsible for the heightened reactivity of the carbon atoms.The kinetic study indicates that the random pore model can effectively represent the gasification process of iron coke due to its rich pore structure.Moreover,as the proportion of iron ore increases,the activation energy for the carbon gasification gradually decreases,from 246.2 kJ/mol for coke to 192.5 kJ/mol for iron coke 15wt%.展开更多
Catalyst–support interaction plays a crucial role in improving the catalytic activity of oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Here we modulate the catalyst–support interaction in polyaniline-supported Ni_(3)Fe oxide(Ni_(3...Catalyst–support interaction plays a crucial role in improving the catalytic activity of oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Here we modulate the catalyst–support interaction in polyaniline-supported Ni_(3)Fe oxide(Ni_(3)Fe oxide/PANI)with a robust hetero-interface,which significantly improves oxygen evolution activities with an overpotential of 270 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)and specific activity of 2.08 mA cm_(ECSA)^(-2)at overpotential of 300 mV,3.84-fold that of Ni_(3)Fe oxide.It is revealed that the catalyst–support interaction between Ni_(3)Fe oxide and PANI support enhances the Ni–O covalency via the interfacial Ni–N bond,thus promoting the charge and mass transfer on Ni_(3)Fe oxide.Considering the excellent activity and stability,rechargeable Zn-air batteries with optimum Ni_(3)Fe oxide/PANI are assembled,delivering a low charge voltage of 1.95 V to cycle for 400 h at 10 mA cm^(-2).The regulation of the effect of catalyst–support interaction on catalytic activity provides new possibilities for the future design of highly efficient OER catalysts.展开更多
Gradient magnetic heterointerfaces have injected infinite vitality in optimizing impedance matching,adjusting dielectric/magnetic resonance and promoting electromagnetic(EM)wave absorption,but still exist a significan...Gradient magnetic heterointerfaces have injected infinite vitality in optimizing impedance matching,adjusting dielectric/magnetic resonance and promoting electromagnetic(EM)wave absorption,but still exist a significant challenging in regulating local phase evolution.Herein,accordion-shaped Co/Co_(3)O_(4)@N-doped carbon nanosheets(Co/Co_(3)O_(4)@NC)with gradient magnetic heterointerfaces have been fabricated via the cooperative high-temperature carbonization and lowtemperature oxidation process.The results indicate that the surface epitaxial growth of crystal Co_(3)O_(4) domains on local Co nanoparticles realizes the adjustment of magnetic-heteroatomic components,which are beneficial for optimizing impedance matching and interfacial polarization.Moreover,gradient magnetic heterointerfaces simultaneously realize magnetic coupling,and long-range magnetic diffraction.Specifically,the synthesized Co/Co_(3)O_(4)@NC absorbents display the strong electromagnetic wave attenuation capability of−53.5 dB at a thickness of 3.0 mm with an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.36 GHz,both are superior to those of single magnetic domains embedded in carbon matrix.This design concept provides us an inspiration in optimizing interfacial polarization,regulating magnetic coupling and promoting electromagnetic wave absorption.展开更多
The paper presents experimental investigation results of crack pattern change in cement pastes caused by external sulfate attack(ESA).To visualize the formation and development of cracks in cement pastes under ESA,an ...The paper presents experimental investigation results of crack pattern change in cement pastes caused by external sulfate attack(ESA).To visualize the formation and development of cracks in cement pastes under ESA,an X-ray computed tomography(X-ray CT)was used,i e,the tomography system of Zeiss Xradia 510 versa.The results indicate that X-CT can monitor the development process and distribution characteristics of the internal cracks of cement pastes under ESA with attack time.In addition,the C3A content in the cement significantly affects the damage mode of cement paste specimens during sulfate erosion.The damage of ordinary Portland cement(OPC)pastes subjected to sulfate attack with high C3A content are severe,while the damage of sulfate resistant Portland cement(SRPC)pastes is much smaller than that of OPC pastes.Furthermore,a quadratic function describes the correlation between the crack volume fraction and development depth for two cement pastes immermed in sulfate solution.展开更多
Anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers(AEMWEs)for green hydrogen production have received intensive attention due to their feasibility of using earth-abundant NiFe-based catalysts.By introducing a third metal int...Anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers(AEMWEs)for green hydrogen production have received intensive attention due to their feasibility of using earth-abundant NiFe-based catalysts.By introducing a third metal into NiFe-based catalysts to construct asymmetrical M-NiFe units,the d-orbital and electronic structures can be adjusted,which is an important strategy to achieve sufficient oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance in AEMWEs.Herein,the ternary NiFeM(M:La,Mo)catalysts featured with distinct M-NiFe units and varying d-orbitals are reported in this work.Experimental and theoretical calculation results reveal that the doping of La leads to optimized hybridization between d orbital in NiFeM and 2p in oxygen,resulting in enhanced adsorption strength of oxygen intermediates,and reduced rate-determining step energy barrier,which is responsible for the enhanced OER performance.More critically,the obtained NiFeLa catalyst only requires 1.58 V to reach 1 A cm^(−2) in an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer and demonstrates excellent long-term stability of up to 600 h.展开更多
Binary composites(ZIF-67/rGO)were synthesized by one-step precipitation method using cobalt nitrate hexahydrate as metal source,2-methylimidazole as organic ligand,and reduced graphene oxide(rGO)as carbon carrier.Then...Binary composites(ZIF-67/rGO)were synthesized by one-step precipitation method using cobalt nitrate hexahydrate as metal source,2-methylimidazole as organic ligand,and reduced graphene oxide(rGO)as carbon carrier.Then Ru3+was introduced for ion exchange,and the porous Ru-doped Co_(3)O_(4)/rGO(Ru-Co_(3)O_(4)/rGO)composite electrocatalyst was prepared by annealing.The phase structure,morphology,and valence state of the catalyst were analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).In 1 mol·L^(-1)KOH,the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance of the catalyst was measured by linear sweep voltammetry,cyclic voltammetry,and chronoamperometry.The results show that the combination of Ru doping and rGO provides a fast channel for collaborative electron transfer.At the same time,rGO as a carbon carrier can improve the electrical conductivity of Ru-Co_(3)O_(4)particles,and the uniformly dispersed nanoparticles enable the reactants to diffuse freely on the catalyst.The results showed that the electrochemical performance of Ru-Co_(3)O_(4)/rGO was much better than that of Co_(3)O_(4)/rGO,and the overpotential of Ru-Co_(3)O_(4)/rGO was 363.5 mV at the current density of 50 mA·cm^(-2).展开更多
Rail corrugation, as a prevalent type of rail damage in heavy railways, induces diseases in the track structure. In order to ensure the safe operation of trains, an improved whale optimization algorithm is proposed to...Rail corrugation, as a prevalent type of rail damage in heavy railways, induces diseases in the track structure. In order to ensure the safe operation of trains, an improved whale optimization algorithm is proposed to optimize the rail corrugation evolution trend prediction model of the least squares support vector machine (IPCA-ELWOA-LSSVM). The elite reverse learning combined with the Lévy flight strategy is introduced to improve the whale optimization algorithm. The improved WOA (ELWOA) algorithm is used to continuously optimize the kernel parameter σ and the normalization parameter γ in the LSSVM model. Finally, the improved prediction model is validated using data from a domestic heavy-duty railway experimental line database and compared with the prediction model before optimization and the other commonly used models. The experimental results show that the ELWOA-LSSVM prediction model has the highest accuracy, which proves that the proposed method has high accuracy in predicting the rail corrugation evolution trend.展开更多
Introduction: Influenza A (Flu A) and B (Flu B) viruses are responsible for severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) worldwide, with a morbidity of 5 million and mortality of 29,000 - 650,000 deaths per year. Influe...Introduction: Influenza A (Flu A) and B (Flu B) viruses are responsible for severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) worldwide, with a morbidity of 5 million and mortality of 29,000 - 650,000 deaths per year. Influenza B viruses are an important cause of respiratory infections in humans, but they tend to be underappreciated due to the predominance of Influenza A. No molecular study on Influenza B has been carried out in the DRC. This study was conducted to document the molecular evolution of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene in the circulating Influenza B strains over the eight consecutive epidemic seasons (from 2015 to 2022). Methods: Samples were collected from outpatient cases suspected of influenza-like illness (ILI) and in all hospitalized patients with SARI from January 2015 to December 2022. Molecular analysis was done to determine influenza type and subtype, and then segments encoding the HA gene of Influenza B viruses were performed. Results: Of 8497 samples collected and tested, 639 (7.5%) were positive for influenza viruses, including 389 (60.8%) for Influenza A viruses and 248 (38,8%) for Influenza B viruses. Of the positive Influenza B samples, 91 were sequenced, including 26 belonging to the B/Yamagata lineage and 65 to the B/Victoria lineage. The HA gene of Influenza B viruses circulating in the DRC showed deletions in the HA1 region. Molecular analysis of Influenza B viruses reflects the genetic diversity of Influenza B/Yam virus clades (Y2, Y3, Y3V1A) alternating with Influenza B/Victoria virus clades (V1A, V1A.3) depending on the year and influenza seasons. The phylogenetic analysis of these Influenza B strains shows compatibility with the corresponding vaccine strains that the WHO had validated for each influenza season. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of continuous molecular surveillance of Influenza B viruses in the DRC to understand their epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics. Identifying mutations, such as HA deletions, is critical for assessing their impact on transmissibility vaccine efficacy and guiding effective vaccination and control strategies.展开更多
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a known notorious cause of invasive pneumococcal diseases as well as asymptomatic host carriage. Efforts have been made to curb this infectious organism through various vaccine strategies. ...Streptococcus pneumoniae is a known notorious cause of invasive pneumococcal diseases as well as asymptomatic host carriage. Efforts have been made to curb this infectious organism through various vaccine strategies. However, its several strains and serotypes have necessitated various vaccine schedules and updates in the USA and globally. The evolution in pneumococcal vaccine schedules is not without challenges, such as cost, vaccine hesitancy, uptake and global disparities. This narrative review synopsizes the history of the Pneumococcal Vaccine and changes in its schedules in the last two decades based on published data. We focused on the impact of pneumococcal vaccination on invasive pneumococcal diseases, historical limitations, current challenges and future directions. Despite advancements in vaccination against S. pneumoniae infections, some pertinent issues exist that need to be swiftly fixed, to reduce national and thus global burden of pneumococcal diseases.展开更多
The design of cost-effective and efficient metal-free carbon-based catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is of great significance for increasing the production of clean hydrogen by the electrolysis of alka...The design of cost-effective and efficient metal-free carbon-based catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is of great significance for increasing the production of clean hydrogen by the electrolysis of alkaline water.Precise control of the electronic structure by heteroatom doping has proven to be efficient for increasing catalytic activity.Nevertheless,both the structural characteristics and the underlying mechanism are not well understood,especially for doping with two different atoms,thus limiting the use of these catalysts.We report the production of phosphorus and nitrogen co-doped hollow carbon nanospheres(HCNs)by the copolymerization of pyrrole and aniline at a Triton X-100 micelle-interface,followed by doping with phytic acid and carbonization.The unique pore structure and defect-rich framework of the HCNs expose numerous active sites.Crucially,the combined effect of graphitic nitrogen and phosphorus-carbon bonds modulate the local electronic structure of adjacent C atoms and facilitates electron transfer.As a res-ult,the HCN carbonized at 1100°C exhibited superior HER activity and an outstanding stability(70 h at a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2))in alkaline water,because of the large number of graphitic nitrogen and phosphorus-carbon bonds.展开更多
Several physical mechanisms of earthquake nucleation,such as pre-slip,cascade triggering,aseismic slip,and fluid-driven models,have been proposed.However,it is still not clear which model plays the most important role...Several physical mechanisms of earthquake nucleation,such as pre-slip,cascade triggering,aseismic slip,and fluid-driven models,have been proposed.However,it is still not clear which model plays the most important role in driving foreshocks and mainshock nucleation for given cases.In this study,we focus on the relationship between an intensive earthquake swarm that started beneath the Noto Peninsula in Central Japan since November 2020 and the nucleation of the 2024 M 7.6 Noto Hanto earthquake.We relocate earthquakes listed in the standard Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA)catalog since 2018 with the double-different relocation method.Relocated seismicity revealed that the 2024 M 7.6 mainshock likely ruptured a thrust fault above a parallel fault where the M 6.5 Suzu earthquake occurred in May 2023.We find possible along-strike and along-dip expansion of seismicity in the first few months at the beginning of the swarm sequence,while no obvious migration pattern in the last few days before the M 7.6 mainshock was observed.Several smaller events occurred in between the M 5.5 and M 4.6 foreshocks that occurred about 4min and 2 min before the M 7.6 mainshock.The Coulomb stress changes from the M 5.5 foreshock were negative at the hypocenter of the M 7.6 mainshock,which is inconsistent with a simple cascade triggering model.Moreover,an M 5.9 foreshock was identified in the JMA catalog 14 s before the mainshock.Results from backprojection of high-frequency teleseismic P waves show a prolonged initial rupture process near the mainshock hypocenter lasting for~25 s,before propagating bilaterally outward.Our results suggest a complex evolution process linking the earthquake swarm to the nucleation of the M 7.6 mainshock at a region of complex structures associated with the bend of a mapped large-scale reverse fault.A combination of fluid migration,aseismic slip and elastic stress triggering likely work in concert to drive both the prolonged earthquake swarm and the nucleation of the M 7.6 mainshock.展开更多
Reducing the thermal boundary resistance(TBR)is critical to enhance the thermal management efficiency and optimize the performance of electronic and thermoelectric devices.In this study,we employed non-equilibrium mol...Reducing the thermal boundary resistance(TBR)is critical to enhance the thermal management efficiency and optimize the performance of electronic and thermoelectric devices.In this study,we employed non-equilibrium molecular dynamics(NEMD)simulations using neuroevolution potential(NEP)machine learning models to investigate the impact of embedding nanoparticles in Si/Ge heterostructures on the TBR.Our results showed a significant reduction in the TBR.This was attributed to the enhanced phonon density of states matching via resonance,which promoted more efficient elastic phonon transport across the interface.However,this approach also led to a substantial increase in the bulk thermal resistance,highlighting a trade-off in which the overall heat dissipation is compromised.To address this,we investigated an alternative strategy in which a nanoparticle was positioned directly at the interface to modulate the interfacial modes,thereby improving the phonon transport efficiency without adversely affecting the bulk thermal properties.NEMD simulations validated this approach,showing a comparable TBR reduction,while mitigating the bulk thermal resistance increase observed with the resonance-based embedding method.This study offers valuable insights into resolving interfacial heat dissipation challenges and provides a balanced strategy for optimizing the thermal transport efficiency of nanoscale material systems.展开更多
A complex system is inherently high-dimensional.Recent studies indicate that,even without complete knowledge of its evolutionary dynamics,the future behavior of such a system can be predicted using time-series data(da...A complex system is inherently high-dimensional.Recent studies indicate that,even without complete knowledge of its evolutionary dynamics,the future behavior of such a system can be predicted using time-series data(data-driven prediction).This suggests that the essential dynamics of a complex system can be captured through a low-dimensional representation.Virus evolution and climate change are two examples of complex,time-varying systems.In this article,we show that mutations in the spike protein provide valuable data for predicting SARS-CoV-2 variants,forecasting the possible emergence of the new macro-lineage Q in the near future.Our analysis also demonstrates that carbon dioxide concentration is a reliable indicator for predicting the evolution of the climate system,extending global surface air temperature(GSAT)forecasts through 2500.展开更多
To address the problem that existing studies lack analysis of the relationship between attack-defense game behaviors and situation evolution from the game perspective after constructing an attack-defense model,this pa...To address the problem that existing studies lack analysis of the relationship between attack-defense game behaviors and situation evolution from the game perspective after constructing an attack-defense model,this paper proposes a network attack-defense game model(ADGM).Firstly,based on the assumption of incomplete information between the two sides of the game,the ADGM model is established,and methods of payoff quantification,equilibrium solution,and determination of strategy confrontation results are presented.Then,drawing on infectious disease dynamics,the network attack-defense situation is defined based on the density of nodes in various security states,and the transition paths of network node security states are analyzed.Finally,the network zero-day virus attack-defense behaviors are analyzed,and comparative experiments on the attack-defense evolution trends under the scenarios of different strategy combinations,interference methods,and initial numbers are conducted using the NetLogo simulation tool.The experimental results indicate that this model can effectively analyze the evolution of the macro-level network attack-defense situation from the micro-level attack-defense behaviors.For instance,in the strategy selection experiment,when the attack success rate decreases from 0.49 to 0.29,the network destruction rate drops by 11.3%,in the active defense experiment,when the interference coefficient is reduced from 1 to 0.7,the network destruction rate decreases by 7%,and in the initial node number experiment,when the number of initially infected nodes increases from 10 to 30,the network destruction rate rises by 3%.展开更多
Transition metal borides(TMBs)are a new class of promising electrocatalysts for hydrogen generation by water splitting.However,the synthesis of robust all-in-one electrodes is challenging for practical applications.He...Transition metal borides(TMBs)are a new class of promising electrocatalysts for hydrogen generation by water splitting.However,the synthesis of robust all-in-one electrodes is challenging for practical applications.Herein,a facile solid-state boronization strategy is reported to synthesize a series of self-supported TMBs thin films(TMB-TFs)with large area and high catalytic activity.Among them,MoB thin film(MoB-TF)exhibits the highest activity toward electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),displaying a low overpotential(η10=191 and 219 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2))and a small Tafel slope(60.25 and 61.91 mV dec^(−1))in 0.5M H_(2)SO_(4)and 1.0M KOH,respectively.Moreover,it outperforms the commercial Pt/C at the high current density region,demonstrating potential applications in industrially electrochemical water splitting.Theoretical study reveals that both surfaces terminated by TM and B atoms can serve as the active sites and the H*binding strength of TMBs is correlated with the p band center of B atoms.This work provides a new pathway for the potential application of TMBs in largescale hydrogen production.展开更多
High-entropy(HE)design provides ample opportunities for accessing catalysts with unique physiochemical properties for advanced energy and environmental applications.Although a variety of multi-cationic high-entropy ma...High-entropy(HE)design provides ample opportunities for accessing catalysts with unique physiochemical properties for advanced energy and environmental applications.Although a variety of multi-cationic high-entropy materials(HEMs)have been identified,HEMs consisted of multiple cationic and anionic elements are still limited.Herein,we present the design and synthesis of a series of rutile-structured high-entropy oxy fluorides(HEOFs),including[RuO_(2)]x[MgMnZnCoF_(2)]y,[MnO_(2)]_(x)[MgMnZnCoF_(2)]_(y),[MoO_(2)]_(x)[MgMnZnCoF_(2)]_(y),[SnO_(2)]_(x)[MgMnZnCoF_(2)]_(y)and[TiO_(2)]_(x)[MgMnZnCoF_(2)]_(y)(x:y=3:1,2:1,1:1).All the HEOFs are obtained through mechanochemical alloying rutile-structured oxide and fluoride precursors and the HEOFs inherit the crystal structures of the skeleton oxides.Moreover,the HEOFs exhibit enhanced electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity than the corresponding oneelement precursors.Typically,the best-performed HEOF[RuO_(2)]_(3)[MgMnZnCoF_(2)]_(1)catalyst requires an overpotential of 240 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2),which is lower than RuO_(2)(291 mV),More impressively,the specific mass activity of[RuO_(2)]_(3)[MgMnZnCoF_(2)]_(1)is 537.1 A g_(Ru)^(-1)at1.55 V(vs RHE),which is ca.7.6 times that of RuO_(2)(70.5 A g_(Ru)^(-1)).The enhanced electrocata lytic OER performance obtained on[RuO_(2)]_(3)[MgMnZnCoF_(2)]_(1)is ascribed to the contribution of the different cationic and anionic elements that modulates the electronic structures of the pristine RuO_(2),which facilitates efficient OER kinetics.This work demonstrates the efficacy of high-entropy design towards approaching excellent catalysts for enhanced electrocatalysis.展开更多
Background The Bundelkhand Craton is significant for preserving the multiphase granitoids magmatism from Paleoarchean to Neoarchean periods.It consists of a variety of granite rocks,including TTGs,sanukitoids,and high...Background The Bundelkhand Craton is significant for preserving the multiphase granitoids magmatism from Paleoarchean to Neoarchean periods.It consists of a variety of granite rocks,including TTGs,sanukitoids,and high-K granitoids.This study presents geochemical characteristics of high-silica(68.97 wt.%–73.99 wt.%),low-silica(58.73wt.%–69.94 wt.%),and high K_(2)O(2.77 wt.%–6.16 wt.%)contents of granitoids.Objective The data on Bundelkhand Craton’s granitic magmatism and geodynamics is not sufficiently robust.Geochemical data from this study will be used to further understand the origin,source,and petrogenesis of granitoid rocks and their implications for the evolution of geodynamics.Methodology Twenty-one samples were collected and analyzed for major,trace,and REE elements.Major elements were measured using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(XRF),and trace and REE elements were analyzed by ICP-MS.Standard procedures from the Geological Survey of India were followed.Results The geochemical analysis presents high-silica(68.97-73.99 wt.%),low-silica(58.73-69.94 wt.%),and high K_(2)O(2.77-6.16 wt.%)contents in granitoids,classified as granite-granodiorite.The rocks are calcic to calcalkalic,magnesian,and range from peraluminous to metaluminous composition.REE patterns showed strong LREE enrichment relative to HREEs,with prominent negative Eu anomalies corresponding to earlier plagioclase fractionation.Multi-element patterns revealed negative anomalies in Nb,Sr,P,and Ti and positive anomalies in Pb.Conclusion The geochemical signatures attributed to the post-collisional magma generation and continental crustal contamination.The studied rocks show A-type and A2-type lineage,suggesting they originated from the melting of continental crust during transitional/post-collisional tectonic activity.The formation of hybrid granitoids in the Bundelkhand Craton is connected to the fractionation of hybrid magmas in shallow-seated magma chambers during these tectonic processes.展开更多
The Bijigou intrusion is one of the largest and most well-differentiated Fe–Ti oxide-bearing layered intrusions in the Hannan massif located in the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Block,South China.Besides the min...The Bijigou intrusion is one of the largest and most well-differentiated Fe–Ti oxide-bearing layered intrusions in the Hannan massif located in the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Block,South China.Besides the mineralization-related mafic-ultramafic rocks,the intermediate-acid intrusive rocks are also exposed in the mining area,which is of great significance for the understanding the Neoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the Yangtze Block,but studies on these intermediate-acid rocks are scarce.The Bijigou mafic-ultramafic layered intrusion is surrounded by granite and cut by syenite veins.Here,we report new zircon U-Pb ages,Lu-Hf isotope composition and bulk rock geochemical data of the Bijigou syenite vein and wall-rock granite in the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Block.Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LAICP-MS)zircon U-Pb dating results show that the Bijigou syenite vein and wall-rock granite formed at 770±3.5 Ma(MSWD=0.17,n=28)and 810±4 Ma(MSWD=0.84,n=26),respectively.The zirconεHf(t)values of the syenite veins range from+1.52 to+5.33(average of+3.05),combined with its high potassium contents,negative Nb–Ta anomalies and positive Pb anomalies,suggesting that they may have originated from mantle-derived basaltic magma,which was modified by materials from subducting oceanic slab.The zirconεHf(t)and T_(DM2)ages of the wall-rock granite range from+0.71 to+5.71(average+3.06)and 1344 to 1659 Ma(average 1519 Ma),respectively,indicating that the granite was produced by partial melting of juvenile crust.The geochemical characteristics of the Bijigou syenite and granite indicate that they were formed in a continental margin arc setting.Thus,combined with previous studies,it suggests that there was a major subduction system along the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Block during 824-720 Ma,and the magmatism in the Hannan massif was divided into two episodes:(1)early magmatism(824-790 Ma),such as the Bijigou,Hongmiaozhen and Huangguanzhen granitoids,was derived from partial melting of the juvenile or pre-existing crust in a continental arc setting;(2)later magmatism(789-718 Ma),including Bijigou syenite,Wudumen,Erliba and Zushidian granitoids,formed in a subduction-related back-arc extensional environment.The long-term subduction system along the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Block during 824-720 Ma suggests that the Yangtze Block was previously located at the periphery of the Rodinia supercontinent.展开更多
The Yishui complex,located in the western Shandong area of the North China Craton,is representative of the Archean crystalline basement of the North China Craton to explore the early tectonic-thermal evolution history...The Yishui complex,located in the western Shandong area of the North China Craton,is representative of the Archean crystalline basement of the North China Craton to explore the early tectonic-thermal evolution history of the Earth.Detailed petrography,mineral chemistry,metamorphic evolution and zircon U-Pb dating are presented for felsic granulite and two-pyroxene granulite from the Yishui complex to contribute to new insights into the Neoarchean tectonic evolution of the North China Craton.Three mineral assemblages are recognized for these granulite samples,including the prograde(M1),peak(M2)and retrograde(M3)mineral assemblages.Conventional geothermobarometry and phase equilibrium modeling yield P-T conditions of 6.5-10.9 kbar/718-839℃ for the peak metamorphism,which define a medium-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism occurred at middle to lower crust.Anticlockwise P-T paths with near-isobaric cooling(IBC)retrograde segments were reconstructed.Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating suggests that the protolith of the felsic granulite was emplaced at 2541±7 Ma and the subsequent medium-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism occurred at 2518-2494 Ma.A two-stage mantle plume related crustal-scale sagduction geodynamic regime is proposed in the western Shandong terrane in the Neoarchean.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.5217042069)the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(CAST)(No.YESS20200103)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.265QZ2022004)。
文摘Pt-based nanocatalysts offer excellent prospects for various industries.However,the low loading of Pt with excellent performance for efficient and stable nanocatalysts still presents a considerable challenge.In this study,nanocatalysts with ultralow Pt content,excellent performance,and carbon black as support were prepared through in-situ synthesis.These~2-nm particles uniformly and stably dispersed on carbon black because of the strong s-p-d orbital hybridizations between carbon black and Pt,which suppressed the agglomeration of Pt ions.This unique structure is beneficial for the hydrogen evolution reaction.The catalysts exhibited remarkable catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction,exhibiting a potential of 100 mV at 100 mA·cm^(-2),which is comparable to those of commercial Pt/C catalysts.Mass activity(1.61 A/mg)was four times that of a commercial Pt/C catalyst(0.37 A/mg).The ultralow Pt loading(6.84wt%)paves the way for the development of next-generation electrocatalysts.
基金financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.51974212 and 52274316)the China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgy Innovation Foundation(No.BWLCF202116)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Major Project of Wuhan(No.2023020302020572)the Foundation of Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education(No.FMRUlab23-04)。
文摘The utilization of iron coke provides a green pathway for low-carbon ironmaking.To uncover the influence mechanism of iron ore on the behavior and kinetics of iron coke gasification,the effect of iron ore on the microstructure of iron coke was investigated.Furthermore,a comparative study of the gasification reactions between iron coke and coke was conducted through non-isothermal thermogravimetric method.The findings indicate that compared to coke,iron coke exhibits an augmentation in micropores and specific surface area,and the micropores further extend and interconnect.This provides more adsorption sites for CO_(2) molecules during the gasification process,resulting in a reduction in the initial gasification temperature of iron coke.Accelerating the heating rate in non-isothermal gasification can enhance the reactivity of iron coke.The metallic iron reduced from iron ore is embedded in the carbon matrix,reducing the orderliness of the carbon structure,which is primarily responsible for the heightened reactivity of the carbon atoms.The kinetic study indicates that the random pore model can effectively represent the gasification process of iron coke due to its rich pore structure.Moreover,as the proportion of iron ore increases,the activation energy for the carbon gasification gradually decreases,from 246.2 kJ/mol for coke to 192.5 kJ/mol for iron coke 15wt%.
基金Research Institute for Smart Energy(CDB2)the grant from the Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing(CD8Z)+4 种基金the grant from the Carbon Neutrality Funding Scheme(WZ2R)at The Hong Kong Polytechnic Universitysupport from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University(CD9B,CDBZ and WZ4Q)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22205187)Shenzhen Municipal Science and Technology Innovation Commission(JCYJ20230807140402006)Start-up Foundation for Introducing Talent of NUIST and Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20230426).
文摘Catalyst–support interaction plays a crucial role in improving the catalytic activity of oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Here we modulate the catalyst–support interaction in polyaniline-supported Ni_(3)Fe oxide(Ni_(3)Fe oxide/PANI)with a robust hetero-interface,which significantly improves oxygen evolution activities with an overpotential of 270 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)and specific activity of 2.08 mA cm_(ECSA)^(-2)at overpotential of 300 mV,3.84-fold that of Ni_(3)Fe oxide.It is revealed that the catalyst–support interaction between Ni_(3)Fe oxide and PANI support enhances the Ni–O covalency via the interfacial Ni–N bond,thus promoting the charge and mass transfer on Ni_(3)Fe oxide.Considering the excellent activity and stability,rechargeable Zn-air batteries with optimum Ni_(3)Fe oxide/PANI are assembled,delivering a low charge voltage of 1.95 V to cycle for 400 h at 10 mA cm^(-2).The regulation of the effect of catalyst–support interaction on catalytic activity provides new possibilities for the future design of highly efficient OER catalysts.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52373271)Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality under Grant(KCXFZ20201221173004012)+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2023-YBNY-271)Open Testing Foundation of the Analytical&Testing Center of Northwestern Polytechnical University(2023T019).
文摘Gradient magnetic heterointerfaces have injected infinite vitality in optimizing impedance matching,adjusting dielectric/magnetic resonance and promoting electromagnetic(EM)wave absorption,but still exist a significant challenging in regulating local phase evolution.Herein,accordion-shaped Co/Co_(3)O_(4)@N-doped carbon nanosheets(Co/Co_(3)O_(4)@NC)with gradient magnetic heterointerfaces have been fabricated via the cooperative high-temperature carbonization and lowtemperature oxidation process.The results indicate that the surface epitaxial growth of crystal Co_(3)O_(4) domains on local Co nanoparticles realizes the adjustment of magnetic-heteroatomic components,which are beneficial for optimizing impedance matching and interfacial polarization.Moreover,gradient magnetic heterointerfaces simultaneously realize magnetic coupling,and long-range magnetic diffraction.Specifically,the synthesized Co/Co_(3)O_(4)@NC absorbents display the strong electromagnetic wave attenuation capability of−53.5 dB at a thickness of 3.0 mm with an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.36 GHz,both are superior to those of single magnetic domains embedded in carbon matrix.This design concept provides us an inspiration in optimizing interfacial polarization,regulating magnetic coupling and promoting electromagnetic wave absorption.
基金Funded by Chinese National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2006224)。
文摘The paper presents experimental investigation results of crack pattern change in cement pastes caused by external sulfate attack(ESA).To visualize the formation and development of cracks in cement pastes under ESA,an X-ray computed tomography(X-ray CT)was used,i e,the tomography system of Zeiss Xradia 510 versa.The results indicate that X-CT can monitor the development process and distribution characteristics of the internal cracks of cement pastes under ESA with attack time.In addition,the C3A content in the cement significantly affects the damage mode of cement paste specimens during sulfate erosion.The damage of ordinary Portland cement(OPC)pastes subjected to sulfate attack with high C3A content are severe,while the damage of sulfate resistant Portland cement(SRPC)pastes is much smaller than that of OPC pastes.Furthermore,a quadratic function describes the correlation between the crack volume fraction and development depth for two cement pastes immermed in sulfate solution.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22309137,22279095)Open subject project State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies(FZ2023001).
文摘Anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers(AEMWEs)for green hydrogen production have received intensive attention due to their feasibility of using earth-abundant NiFe-based catalysts.By introducing a third metal into NiFe-based catalysts to construct asymmetrical M-NiFe units,the d-orbital and electronic structures can be adjusted,which is an important strategy to achieve sufficient oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance in AEMWEs.Herein,the ternary NiFeM(M:La,Mo)catalysts featured with distinct M-NiFe units and varying d-orbitals are reported in this work.Experimental and theoretical calculation results reveal that the doping of La leads to optimized hybridization between d orbital in NiFeM and 2p in oxygen,resulting in enhanced adsorption strength of oxygen intermediates,and reduced rate-determining step energy barrier,which is responsible for the enhanced OER performance.More critically,the obtained NiFeLa catalyst only requires 1.58 V to reach 1 A cm^(−2) in an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer and demonstrates excellent long-term stability of up to 600 h.
文摘Binary composites(ZIF-67/rGO)were synthesized by one-step precipitation method using cobalt nitrate hexahydrate as metal source,2-methylimidazole as organic ligand,and reduced graphene oxide(rGO)as carbon carrier.Then Ru3+was introduced for ion exchange,and the porous Ru-doped Co_(3)O_(4)/rGO(Ru-Co_(3)O_(4)/rGO)composite electrocatalyst was prepared by annealing.The phase structure,morphology,and valence state of the catalyst were analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).In 1 mol·L^(-1)KOH,the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance of the catalyst was measured by linear sweep voltammetry,cyclic voltammetry,and chronoamperometry.The results show that the combination of Ru doping and rGO provides a fast channel for collaborative electron transfer.At the same time,rGO as a carbon carrier can improve the electrical conductivity of Ru-Co_(3)O_(4)particles,and the uniformly dispersed nanoparticles enable the reactants to diffuse freely on the catalyst.The results showed that the electrochemical performance of Ru-Co_(3)O_(4)/rGO was much better than that of Co_(3)O_(4)/rGO,and the overpotential of Ru-Co_(3)O_(4)/rGO was 363.5 mV at the current density of 50 mA·cm^(-2).
文摘Rail corrugation, as a prevalent type of rail damage in heavy railways, induces diseases in the track structure. In order to ensure the safe operation of trains, an improved whale optimization algorithm is proposed to optimize the rail corrugation evolution trend prediction model of the least squares support vector machine (IPCA-ELWOA-LSSVM). The elite reverse learning combined with the Lévy flight strategy is introduced to improve the whale optimization algorithm. The improved WOA (ELWOA) algorithm is used to continuously optimize the kernel parameter σ and the normalization parameter γ in the LSSVM model. Finally, the improved prediction model is validated using data from a domestic heavy-duty railway experimental line database and compared with the prediction model before optimization and the other commonly used models. The experimental results show that the ELWOA-LSSVM prediction model has the highest accuracy, which proves that the proposed method has high accuracy in predicting the rail corrugation evolution trend.
文摘Introduction: Influenza A (Flu A) and B (Flu B) viruses are responsible for severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) worldwide, with a morbidity of 5 million and mortality of 29,000 - 650,000 deaths per year. Influenza B viruses are an important cause of respiratory infections in humans, but they tend to be underappreciated due to the predominance of Influenza A. No molecular study on Influenza B has been carried out in the DRC. This study was conducted to document the molecular evolution of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene in the circulating Influenza B strains over the eight consecutive epidemic seasons (from 2015 to 2022). Methods: Samples were collected from outpatient cases suspected of influenza-like illness (ILI) and in all hospitalized patients with SARI from January 2015 to December 2022. Molecular analysis was done to determine influenza type and subtype, and then segments encoding the HA gene of Influenza B viruses were performed. Results: Of 8497 samples collected and tested, 639 (7.5%) were positive for influenza viruses, including 389 (60.8%) for Influenza A viruses and 248 (38,8%) for Influenza B viruses. Of the positive Influenza B samples, 91 were sequenced, including 26 belonging to the B/Yamagata lineage and 65 to the B/Victoria lineage. The HA gene of Influenza B viruses circulating in the DRC showed deletions in the HA1 region. Molecular analysis of Influenza B viruses reflects the genetic diversity of Influenza B/Yam virus clades (Y2, Y3, Y3V1A) alternating with Influenza B/Victoria virus clades (V1A, V1A.3) depending on the year and influenza seasons. The phylogenetic analysis of these Influenza B strains shows compatibility with the corresponding vaccine strains that the WHO had validated for each influenza season. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of continuous molecular surveillance of Influenza B viruses in the DRC to understand their epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics. Identifying mutations, such as HA deletions, is critical for assessing their impact on transmissibility vaccine efficacy and guiding effective vaccination and control strategies.
文摘Streptococcus pneumoniae is a known notorious cause of invasive pneumococcal diseases as well as asymptomatic host carriage. Efforts have been made to curb this infectious organism through various vaccine strategies. However, its several strains and serotypes have necessitated various vaccine schedules and updates in the USA and globally. The evolution in pneumococcal vaccine schedules is not without challenges, such as cost, vaccine hesitancy, uptake and global disparities. This narrative review synopsizes the history of the Pneumococcal Vaccine and changes in its schedules in the last two decades based on published data. We focused on the impact of pneumococcal vaccination on invasive pneumococcal diseases, historical limitations, current challenges and future directions. Despite advancements in vaccination against S. pneumoniae infections, some pertinent issues exist that need to be swiftly fixed, to reduce national and thus global burden of pneumococcal diseases.
基金financially supported by the project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52322203)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2024GHZDXM-21)。
文摘The design of cost-effective and efficient metal-free carbon-based catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is of great significance for increasing the production of clean hydrogen by the electrolysis of alkaline water.Precise control of the electronic structure by heteroatom doping has proven to be efficient for increasing catalytic activity.Nevertheless,both the structural characteristics and the underlying mechanism are not well understood,especially for doping with two different atoms,thus limiting the use of these catalysts.We report the production of phosphorus and nitrogen co-doped hollow carbon nanospheres(HCNs)by the copolymerization of pyrrole and aniline at a Triton X-100 micelle-interface,followed by doping with phytic acid and carbonization.The unique pore structure and defect-rich framework of the HCNs expose numerous active sites.Crucially,the combined effect of graphitic nitrogen and phosphorus-carbon bonds modulate the local electronic structure of adjacent C atoms and facilitates electron transfer.As a res-ult,the HCN carbonized at 1100°C exhibited superior HER activity and an outstanding stability(70 h at a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2))in alkaline water,because of the large number of graphitic nitrogen and phosphorus-carbon bonds.
基金partially supported by U.S.National Science Foundation grants EAR1925965 and RISE-2425889support from the European Research Council under the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program(grant agreement no.742335,FIMAGE)。
文摘Several physical mechanisms of earthquake nucleation,such as pre-slip,cascade triggering,aseismic slip,and fluid-driven models,have been proposed.However,it is still not clear which model plays the most important role in driving foreshocks and mainshock nucleation for given cases.In this study,we focus on the relationship between an intensive earthquake swarm that started beneath the Noto Peninsula in Central Japan since November 2020 and the nucleation of the 2024 M 7.6 Noto Hanto earthquake.We relocate earthquakes listed in the standard Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA)catalog since 2018 with the double-different relocation method.Relocated seismicity revealed that the 2024 M 7.6 mainshock likely ruptured a thrust fault above a parallel fault where the M 6.5 Suzu earthquake occurred in May 2023.We find possible along-strike and along-dip expansion of seismicity in the first few months at the beginning of the swarm sequence,while no obvious migration pattern in the last few days before the M 7.6 mainshock was observed.Several smaller events occurred in between the M 5.5 and M 4.6 foreshocks that occurred about 4min and 2 min before the M 7.6 mainshock.The Coulomb stress changes from the M 5.5 foreshock were negative at the hypocenter of the M 7.6 mainshock,which is inconsistent with a simple cascade triggering model.Moreover,an M 5.9 foreshock was identified in the JMA catalog 14 s before the mainshock.Results from backprojection of high-frequency teleseismic P waves show a prolonged initial rupture process near the mainshock hypocenter lasting for~25 s,before propagating bilaterally outward.Our results suggest a complex evolution process linking the earthquake swarm to the nucleation of the M 7.6 mainshock at a region of complex structures associated with the bend of a mapped large-scale reverse fault.A combination of fluid migration,aseismic slip and elastic stress triggering likely work in concert to drive both the prolonged earthquake swarm and the nucleation of the M 7.6 mainshock.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12105242)the Yunnan Fundamental Research Project(Grant Nos.202201AT070161 and 202301AW070006)+2 种基金the Department of Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20231279)the financial support provided by the Xing Dian Talent Programthe support provided by the Graduate Scientific Research and Innovation Fund of Yunnan University(KC-23234635)。
文摘Reducing the thermal boundary resistance(TBR)is critical to enhance the thermal management efficiency and optimize the performance of electronic and thermoelectric devices.In this study,we employed non-equilibrium molecular dynamics(NEMD)simulations using neuroevolution potential(NEP)machine learning models to investigate the impact of embedding nanoparticles in Si/Ge heterostructures on the TBR.Our results showed a significant reduction in the TBR.This was attributed to the enhanced phonon density of states matching via resonance,which promoted more efficient elastic phonon transport across the interface.However,this approach also led to a substantial increase in the bulk thermal resistance,highlighting a trade-off in which the overall heat dissipation is compromised.To address this,we investigated an alternative strategy in which a nanoparticle was positioned directly at the interface to modulate the interfacial modes,thereby improving the phonon transport efficiency without adversely affecting the bulk thermal properties.NEMD simulations validated this approach,showing a comparable TBR reduction,while mitigating the bulk thermal resistance increase observed with the resonance-based embedding method.This study offers valuable insights into resolving interfacial heat dissipation challenges and provides a balanced strategy for optimizing the thermal transport efficiency of nanoscale material systems.
基金Natural science foundation of Inner Mongolia(2024LHMS06018)The basic scientific research funding for directly affiliated universities in the Inner Mongolia(JY20250094)。
文摘A complex system is inherently high-dimensional.Recent studies indicate that,even without complete knowledge of its evolutionary dynamics,the future behavior of such a system can be predicted using time-series data(data-driven prediction).This suggests that the essential dynamics of a complex system can be captured through a low-dimensional representation.Virus evolution and climate change are two examples of complex,time-varying systems.In this article,we show that mutations in the spike protein provide valuable data for predicting SARS-CoV-2 variants,forecasting the possible emergence of the new macro-lineage Q in the near future.Our analysis also demonstrates that carbon dioxide concentration is a reliable indicator for predicting the evolution of the climate system,extending global surface air temperature(GSAT)forecasts through 2500.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Programs in Henan Province(241100210100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62072416)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Special Project of Henan Province(221111210500)the Project of Science and Technology in Henan Province(242102211068,232102210078).
文摘To address the problem that existing studies lack analysis of the relationship between attack-defense game behaviors and situation evolution from the game perspective after constructing an attack-defense model,this paper proposes a network attack-defense game model(ADGM).Firstly,based on the assumption of incomplete information between the two sides of the game,the ADGM model is established,and methods of payoff quantification,equilibrium solution,and determination of strategy confrontation results are presented.Then,drawing on infectious disease dynamics,the network attack-defense situation is defined based on the density of nodes in various security states,and the transition paths of network node security states are analyzed.Finally,the network zero-day virus attack-defense behaviors are analyzed,and comparative experiments on the attack-defense evolution trends under the scenarios of different strategy combinations,interference methods,and initial numbers are conducted using the NetLogo simulation tool.The experimental results indicate that this model can effectively analyze the evolution of the macro-level network attack-defense situation from the micro-level attack-defense behaviors.For instance,in the strategy selection experiment,when the attack success rate decreases from 0.49 to 0.29,the network destruction rate drops by 11.3%,in the active defense experiment,when the interference coefficient is reduced from 1 to 0.7,the network destruction rate decreases by 7%,and in the initial node number experiment,when the number of initially infected nodes increases from 10 to 30,the network destruction rate rises by 3%.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:52172058Outstanding Youth Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Grant/Award Number:2023JQ15+4 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Inner Mongolia Normal University,Grant/Award Numbers:2022JBBJ010,2022JBTD008Major Project Cultivation Fund for the Inner Mongolia Normal University,Grant/Award Number:2020ZD01Funds for Reform and Development of Local Universities Supported by The Central Government(Cultivation of First-Class Disciplines in Physics)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF,Grant/Award Number:GZB20240101China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2024M750304.
文摘Transition metal borides(TMBs)are a new class of promising electrocatalysts for hydrogen generation by water splitting.However,the synthesis of robust all-in-one electrodes is challenging for practical applications.Herein,a facile solid-state boronization strategy is reported to synthesize a series of self-supported TMBs thin films(TMB-TFs)with large area and high catalytic activity.Among them,MoB thin film(MoB-TF)exhibits the highest activity toward electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),displaying a low overpotential(η10=191 and 219 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2))and a small Tafel slope(60.25 and 61.91 mV dec^(−1))in 0.5M H_(2)SO_(4)and 1.0M KOH,respectively.Moreover,it outperforms the commercial Pt/C at the high current density region,demonstrating potential applications in industrially electrochemical water splitting.Theoretical study reveals that both surfaces terminated by TM and B atoms can serve as the active sites and the H*binding strength of TMBs is correlated with the p band center of B atoms.This work provides a new pathway for the potential application of TMBs in largescale hydrogen production.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22179015,21872142,22302026)the Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC1807196)+1 种基金the fund of the State Key Laboratory of Catalysis in DICP(N-22-06)the open fund of the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics in DICP,CAS(SKLMRD-K202414)。
文摘High-entropy(HE)design provides ample opportunities for accessing catalysts with unique physiochemical properties for advanced energy and environmental applications.Although a variety of multi-cationic high-entropy materials(HEMs)have been identified,HEMs consisted of multiple cationic and anionic elements are still limited.Herein,we present the design and synthesis of a series of rutile-structured high-entropy oxy fluorides(HEOFs),including[RuO_(2)]x[MgMnZnCoF_(2)]y,[MnO_(2)]_(x)[MgMnZnCoF_(2)]_(y),[MoO_(2)]_(x)[MgMnZnCoF_(2)]_(y),[SnO_(2)]_(x)[MgMnZnCoF_(2)]_(y)and[TiO_(2)]_(x)[MgMnZnCoF_(2)]_(y)(x:y=3:1,2:1,1:1).All the HEOFs are obtained through mechanochemical alloying rutile-structured oxide and fluoride precursors and the HEOFs inherit the crystal structures of the skeleton oxides.Moreover,the HEOFs exhibit enhanced electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity than the corresponding oneelement precursors.Typically,the best-performed HEOF[RuO_(2)]_(3)[MgMnZnCoF_(2)]_(1)catalyst requires an overpotential of 240 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2),which is lower than RuO_(2)(291 mV),More impressively,the specific mass activity of[RuO_(2)]_(3)[MgMnZnCoF_(2)]_(1)is 537.1 A g_(Ru)^(-1)at1.55 V(vs RHE),which is ca.7.6 times that of RuO_(2)(70.5 A g_(Ru)^(-1)).The enhanced electrocata lytic OER performance obtained on[RuO_(2)]_(3)[MgMnZnCoF_(2)]_(1)is ascribed to the contribution of the different cationic and anionic elements that modulates the electronic structures of the pristine RuO_(2),which facilitates efficient OER kinetics.This work demonstrates the efficacy of high-entropy design towards approaching excellent catalysts for enhanced electrocatalysis.
基金Geological Survey of India,Northern Region have provided the financial funding for the study.
文摘Background The Bundelkhand Craton is significant for preserving the multiphase granitoids magmatism from Paleoarchean to Neoarchean periods.It consists of a variety of granite rocks,including TTGs,sanukitoids,and high-K granitoids.This study presents geochemical characteristics of high-silica(68.97 wt.%–73.99 wt.%),low-silica(58.73wt.%–69.94 wt.%),and high K_(2)O(2.77 wt.%–6.16 wt.%)contents of granitoids.Objective The data on Bundelkhand Craton’s granitic magmatism and geodynamics is not sufficiently robust.Geochemical data from this study will be used to further understand the origin,source,and petrogenesis of granitoid rocks and their implications for the evolution of geodynamics.Methodology Twenty-one samples were collected and analyzed for major,trace,and REE elements.Major elements were measured using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(XRF),and trace and REE elements were analyzed by ICP-MS.Standard procedures from the Geological Survey of India were followed.Results The geochemical analysis presents high-silica(68.97-73.99 wt.%),low-silica(58.73-69.94 wt.%),and high K_(2)O(2.77-6.16 wt.%)contents in granitoids,classified as granite-granodiorite.The rocks are calcic to calcalkalic,magnesian,and range from peraluminous to metaluminous composition.REE patterns showed strong LREE enrichment relative to HREEs,with prominent negative Eu anomalies corresponding to earlier plagioclase fractionation.Multi-element patterns revealed negative anomalies in Nb,Sr,P,and Ti and positive anomalies in Pb.Conclusion The geochemical signatures attributed to the post-collisional magma generation and continental crustal contamination.The studied rocks show A-type and A2-type lineage,suggesting they originated from the melting of continental crust during transitional/post-collisional tectonic activity.The formation of hybrid granitoids in the Bundelkhand Craton is connected to the fractionation of hybrid magmas in shallow-seated magma chambers during these tectonic processes.
基金jointly supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41603040)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(No.2023-JC-YB-239)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(S202310710204)。
文摘The Bijigou intrusion is one of the largest and most well-differentiated Fe–Ti oxide-bearing layered intrusions in the Hannan massif located in the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Block,South China.Besides the mineralization-related mafic-ultramafic rocks,the intermediate-acid intrusive rocks are also exposed in the mining area,which is of great significance for the understanding the Neoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the Yangtze Block,but studies on these intermediate-acid rocks are scarce.The Bijigou mafic-ultramafic layered intrusion is surrounded by granite and cut by syenite veins.Here,we report new zircon U-Pb ages,Lu-Hf isotope composition and bulk rock geochemical data of the Bijigou syenite vein and wall-rock granite in the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Block.Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(LAICP-MS)zircon U-Pb dating results show that the Bijigou syenite vein and wall-rock granite formed at 770±3.5 Ma(MSWD=0.17,n=28)and 810±4 Ma(MSWD=0.84,n=26),respectively.The zirconεHf(t)values of the syenite veins range from+1.52 to+5.33(average of+3.05),combined with its high potassium contents,negative Nb–Ta anomalies and positive Pb anomalies,suggesting that they may have originated from mantle-derived basaltic magma,which was modified by materials from subducting oceanic slab.The zirconεHf(t)and T_(DM2)ages of the wall-rock granite range from+0.71 to+5.71(average+3.06)and 1344 to 1659 Ma(average 1519 Ma),respectively,indicating that the granite was produced by partial melting of juvenile crust.The geochemical characteristics of the Bijigou syenite and granite indicate that they were formed in a continental margin arc setting.Thus,combined with previous studies,it suggests that there was a major subduction system along the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Block during 824-720 Ma,and the magmatism in the Hannan massif was divided into two episodes:(1)early magmatism(824-790 Ma),such as the Bijigou,Hongmiaozhen and Huangguanzhen granitoids,was derived from partial melting of the juvenile or pre-existing crust in a continental arc setting;(2)later magmatism(789-718 Ma),including Bijigou syenite,Wudumen,Erliba and Zushidian granitoids,formed in a subduction-related back-arc extensional environment.The long-term subduction system along the northwestern margin of the Yangtze Block during 824-720 Ma suggests that the Yangtze Block was previously located at the periphery of the Rodinia supercontinent.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Provence(Grant No.ZR2023MD058)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42072219,41802201)。
文摘The Yishui complex,located in the western Shandong area of the North China Craton,is representative of the Archean crystalline basement of the North China Craton to explore the early tectonic-thermal evolution history of the Earth.Detailed petrography,mineral chemistry,metamorphic evolution and zircon U-Pb dating are presented for felsic granulite and two-pyroxene granulite from the Yishui complex to contribute to new insights into the Neoarchean tectonic evolution of the North China Craton.Three mineral assemblages are recognized for these granulite samples,including the prograde(M1),peak(M2)and retrograde(M3)mineral assemblages.Conventional geothermobarometry and phase equilibrium modeling yield P-T conditions of 6.5-10.9 kbar/718-839℃ for the peak metamorphism,which define a medium-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism occurred at middle to lower crust.Anticlockwise P-T paths with near-isobaric cooling(IBC)retrograde segments were reconstructed.Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating suggests that the protolith of the felsic granulite was emplaced at 2541±7 Ma and the subsequent medium-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism occurred at 2518-2494 Ma.A two-stage mantle plume related crustal-scale sagduction geodynamic regime is proposed in the western Shandong terrane in the Neoarchean.
