Introduction: As a chaperone, heat shock protein acts as central integrators of protein homeostasis in cell. The form of these functions is to help setting up a complex protein molecular fold (folded protein) in many ...Introduction: As a chaperone, heat shock protein acts as central integrators of protein homeostasis in cell. The form of these functions is to help setting up a complex protein molecular fold (folded protein) in many important settings, such as growth, differentiation, and the ability to live. It has become clear that the control system plays an important role if the folding process fails or an error occurs, causing folding abnormalities and targeted functionality to accumulate. The accumulation of faulty protein folding would harm cells and can result in death. Apparently, there is a correlation between protein folding error with various diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and cancer. Method: We examined protein levels in all samples using Dotblott with monoclonal antibody anti-Hsp40 and anti-Hsp70. Levels of the protein content was read using a densitometer. Modification of Dot Blot was as follows: treatment was conducted with 3 × SSC, added with 20 mL blocking solution, add with total protein samples of 10 mg/ml on nitrocellulose paper, prehybridized, incubated at 70° for 30 seconds, incubated at 70° for 30 seconds with primary antibody anti-Hsp40 or Hsp70 protein and then added with second antibody HRP anti-Hsp40 or Hsp70 protein, treated with 3 × SSC and visualized with TSA HRP, and then administered with streptavidin, biothynil tyramide, and, finally, added with chromogen (DAB) in a confined space. Result: From the analysis of the data using Manova test with Wilk’s Lambda, there were significant differences in the levels of Hsp40 between Benign Oral Lesion (mean 688.31 area) and OSCC (mean 1354.59 area) patients (p 0.070), there was also a highly significant difference in Hsp70 levels between patients who experienced Benign Oral Lesion (mean 529.82 area) and OSCC (mean 1346.32 area) patients (p 0.006). Conclusion: OSCC patients have increased Hsp70 levels, so it is possible that something is going wrong in protein folding. Errors in protein folding result in a new homeostasis or inhibition of apoptosis and increasing cell proliferation that triggers carcinogenesis. Hsp40 acts as co-chaperones.展开更多
Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is one of the most prevalent forms of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas(HNSCC)with a poor overall survival rate(about 50%),particularly in cases of metastasis.RNA-based cancer bi...Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is one of the most prevalent forms of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas(HNSCC)with a poor overall survival rate(about 50%),particularly in cases of metastasis.RNA-based cancer biomarkers are a relatively advanced concept,and non-coding RNAs currently have shown promising roles in the detection and treatment of various malignancies.This review underlines the function of long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)in the OSCC and its subsequent clinical implications.LncRNAs,a class of non-coding RNAs,are larger than 200 nucleotides and resemble mRNA in numerous ways.However,unlike mRNA,lncRNA regulates multiple druggable and non-druggable signaling molecules through simultaneous interaction with DNA,RNA,proteins,or microRNAs depending on concentration and localization in cells.Upregulation of oncogenic lncRNAs and downregulation of tumor suppressor lncRNAs are evident in OSCC tissues and body fluids such as blood and saliva indicating their potential as valuable biomarkers.Targeted inhibition of candidate oncogenic lncRNAs or overexpression of tumor suppressor lncRNAs showed potential therapeutic roles in in-vivo animal models.The types of lncRNAs that are expressed differentially in OSCC tissue and bodily fluids have been systematically documented with specificity and sensitivity.This review thoroughly discusses the biological functions of such lncRNAs in OSCC cell survival,proliferation,invasion,migration,metastasis,angiogenesis,metabolism,epigenetic modification,tumor immune microenvironment,and drug resistance.Subsequently,we addressed the diagnostic and therapeutic importance of lncRNAs in OSCC pre-clinical and clinical systems,providing details on ongoing research and outlining potential future directions for advancements in this field.In essence,this review could be a valuable resource by offering comprehensive and current insights into lncRNAs in OSCC for researchers in fundamental and clinical domains.展开更多
文摘Introduction: As a chaperone, heat shock protein acts as central integrators of protein homeostasis in cell. The form of these functions is to help setting up a complex protein molecular fold (folded protein) in many important settings, such as growth, differentiation, and the ability to live. It has become clear that the control system plays an important role if the folding process fails or an error occurs, causing folding abnormalities and targeted functionality to accumulate. The accumulation of faulty protein folding would harm cells and can result in death. Apparently, there is a correlation between protein folding error with various diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and cancer. Method: We examined protein levels in all samples using Dotblott with monoclonal antibody anti-Hsp40 and anti-Hsp70. Levels of the protein content was read using a densitometer. Modification of Dot Blot was as follows: treatment was conducted with 3 × SSC, added with 20 mL blocking solution, add with total protein samples of 10 mg/ml on nitrocellulose paper, prehybridized, incubated at 70° for 30 seconds, incubated at 70° for 30 seconds with primary antibody anti-Hsp40 or Hsp70 protein and then added with second antibody HRP anti-Hsp40 or Hsp70 protein, treated with 3 × SSC and visualized with TSA HRP, and then administered with streptavidin, biothynil tyramide, and, finally, added with chromogen (DAB) in a confined space. Result: From the analysis of the data using Manova test with Wilk’s Lambda, there were significant differences in the levels of Hsp40 between Benign Oral Lesion (mean 688.31 area) and OSCC (mean 1354.59 area) patients (p 0.070), there was also a highly significant difference in Hsp70 levels between patients who experienced Benign Oral Lesion (mean 529.82 area) and OSCC (mean 1346.32 area) patients (p 0.006). Conclusion: OSCC patients have increased Hsp70 levels, so it is possible that something is going wrong in protein folding. Errors in protein folding result in a new homeostasis or inhibition of apoptosis and increasing cell proliferation that triggers carcinogenesis. Hsp40 acts as co-chaperones.
基金the Ramalingaswami Re-Entry Fellowship,Department of Biotechnology,Govt.of India to S.Sur(BT/RLF/Re-Entry/47/2021).
文摘Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is one of the most prevalent forms of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas(HNSCC)with a poor overall survival rate(about 50%),particularly in cases of metastasis.RNA-based cancer biomarkers are a relatively advanced concept,and non-coding RNAs currently have shown promising roles in the detection and treatment of various malignancies.This review underlines the function of long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)in the OSCC and its subsequent clinical implications.LncRNAs,a class of non-coding RNAs,are larger than 200 nucleotides and resemble mRNA in numerous ways.However,unlike mRNA,lncRNA regulates multiple druggable and non-druggable signaling molecules through simultaneous interaction with DNA,RNA,proteins,or microRNAs depending on concentration and localization in cells.Upregulation of oncogenic lncRNAs and downregulation of tumor suppressor lncRNAs are evident in OSCC tissues and body fluids such as blood and saliva indicating their potential as valuable biomarkers.Targeted inhibition of candidate oncogenic lncRNAs or overexpression of tumor suppressor lncRNAs showed potential therapeutic roles in in-vivo animal models.The types of lncRNAs that are expressed differentially in OSCC tissue and bodily fluids have been systematically documented with specificity and sensitivity.This review thoroughly discusses the biological functions of such lncRNAs in OSCC cell survival,proliferation,invasion,migration,metastasis,angiogenesis,metabolism,epigenetic modification,tumor immune microenvironment,and drug resistance.Subsequently,we addressed the diagnostic and therapeutic importance of lncRNAs in OSCC pre-clinical and clinical systems,providing details on ongoing research and outlining potential future directions for advancements in this field.In essence,this review could be a valuable resource by offering comprehensive and current insights into lncRNAs in OSCC for researchers in fundamental and clinical domains.
