针对航空航天环境医学多因素耦合研究欠缺、复合环境模拟实验设备缺乏等问题,本文基于模块化设计思想,研制了低压舱,并与已有的超重平台耦合,搭建了低压超重复合实验平台。通过理论分析、仿真建模等方法,对该低压舱的硬件、软件进行了...针对航空航天环境医学多因素耦合研究欠缺、复合环境模拟实验设备缺乏等问题,本文基于模块化设计思想,研制了低压舱,并与已有的超重平台耦合,搭建了低压超重复合实验平台。通过理论分析、仿真建模等方法,对该低压舱的硬件、软件进行了设计与选型,并对耦合低压舱的低压超重复合实验平台进行了测试。结果表明:在低压舱体积为0.09 m3、重量小于20 kg的约束条件下,低压舱的结构安全系数为1.2;实验平台运行平稳,稳定性不受超重过载影响,仅受设定的压力值的轻微影响,且在各个工况下压力的波动范围和相对误差有限。This paper addresses the issues of insufficient multi-factor coupling research in space environmental medicine and the lack of integrated environmental simulation equipment. Based on modular design principle, a low-pressure chamber was developed and integrated with an existing overload simulated platform to establish a low-pressure and overload integrated environment simulation platform. By theoretical analysis and simulation modeling, the hardware and software of the low-pressure chamber were designed and selected, and the performances of the low-pressure and overload integrated environment simulation platform were tested. The results show that under the constraints of the low-pressure chamber with a volume of 0.09 m³ and a weight of less than 20 kg, the structural safety factor of the chamber is 1.2. And its stability was unaffected by overload conditions and just influenced by the given pressure values slightly, and the fluctuation ranges and relative errors of pressure were limited.展开更多
红外场景投影仪能够模拟多种类型的目标与背景,对光电探测系统进行动态测试评估。为提高中波红外场景投影仪帧频速度和灰度等级,提出了一种基于双DMD (数字微反射器件)的设计方案。根据光学系统的特点及中波红外投影仪使用环境,对总体...红外场景投影仪能够模拟多种类型的目标与背景,对光电探测系统进行动态测试评估。为提高中波红外场景投影仪帧频速度和灰度等级,提出了一种基于双DMD (数字微反射器件)的设计方案。根据光学系统的特点及中波红外投影仪使用环境,对总体结构进行选型。根据投影仪的使用环境要求,对其进行有限元分析,结论表明力学性能满足指标要求。投影仪的测试结果表明此系统完全满足指标要求。Infrared scene projector can simulate multiple types of targets and backgrounds, which can evaluate dynamic test of photoelectric detection systems. In order to improve the frame rate and the grey level of the midwave (MWIR) scene projector, the design scheme based on dual-DMD (Digital micro-mirror device) is presented. The overall structure is selected according to the characteristic of optical system and operational environment of the midwave (MWIR) scene projector. The finite element analysis of the system is carried out according to operating environment requirements, which results show that the mechanical properties meet the specification. The results of the testing for the projector illustrate that the performances of the optical systems meet the specifications of the infrared scene projector.展开更多
随着时间的推移,电气设备的体积逐渐减小,而其功能却不断增加,导致设备内部元件的功耗和运行温度持续上升,使得电气设备过热问题变得更加突出。散热技术的研究与开发在电气装备的设计和制造过程中占据了很重要的地位,它直接关系到设备...随着时间的推移,电气设备的体积逐渐减小,而其功能却不断增加,导致设备内部元件的功耗和运行温度持续上升,使得电气设备过热问题变得更加突出。散热技术的研究与开发在电气装备的设计和制造过程中占据了很重要的地位,它直接关系到设备在正常运行状态下的热管理效率,进而影响产品的可靠性和预期寿命。在产品进入生产阶段之前,需要利用热分析软件对产品进行散热和结构优化。本研究以动态无功补偿器为研究对象,采用Solidworks软件对动态无功补偿器的电气柜进行热仿真分析。研究内容主要包括:在模型构建阶段,对模型进行必要的简化,以满足散热仿真的参数要求,并确立无功补偿器的模型图。在热仿真阶段,利用Solidworks软件中的模块,对电气柜进行流体分析。通过设定流量边界条件和初始温度条件,模拟电气柜内部的流场和温度分布,生成温度分布云图。针对动态无功补偿器的散热需求,本研究设计了风冷散热方案。通过对比有风扇和无风扇条件下电气柜内部的流场和温度分布云图,评估风扇对散热性能的影响。仿真结果表明,在配备风扇的情况下,电气柜内部温度显著降低,这有助于提高设备的长期运行安全性和稳定性。Over time, the physical dimensions of electrical equipment have gradually diminished, while their functionalities have continually expanded. This has led to a persistent increase in the power consumption and operating temperatures of internal components, thereby exacerbating the issue of electrical equipment overheating. The research and development of thermal management technologies hold a significant position in the design and manufacturing processes of electrical equipment, as they directly impact the thermal management efficiency during normal operation, which in turn affects the product’s reliability and expected lifespan. Prior to the production phase of a product, it is imperative to utilize thermal analysis software for optimizing the product’s thermal performance and structural design. This study focuses on dynamic reactive power compensators, employing Solidworks software to conduct thermal simulation analysis on the electrical cabinets of dynamic reactive power compensators. The research primarily encompasses the following aspects: during the model construction phase, the model is simplified as necessary to meet the parameter requirements for thermal simulation and to establish the model diagram of the reactive power compensator. In the thermal simulation phase, the software’s modules are utilized to perform fluid analysis on the electrical cabinet. By setting the flow boundary conditions and initial temperature conditions, the internal flow field and temperature distribution within the electrical cabinet are simulated, generating a temperature distribution cloud map. In response to the thermal requirements of dynamic reactive power compensators, this study designs a wind cooling solution. By comparing the internal flow field and temperature distribution cloud maps under conditions with and without fans, the impact of fans on thermal performance is assessed. The simulation results indicate that with the installation of fans, the internal temperature of the electrical cabinet is significantly reduced, which contributes to enhancing the long-term operational safety and stability of the equipment.展开更多
核电厂系统内部的部件脱落或者设备维修时物品遗落,将在系统内部产生异物。异物对核电厂的系统安全运行产生不利影响。目前异物对核电厂燃料组件等重要核心设备和部件的冲击和磨损特性研究相对较少。本文对异物冲击和磨损理论及实验研...核电厂系统内部的部件脱落或者设备维修时物品遗落,将在系统内部产生异物。异物对核电厂的系统安全运行产生不利影响。目前异物对核电厂燃料组件等重要核心设备和部件的冲击和磨损特性研究相对较少。本文对异物冲击和磨损理论及实验研究结果进行总结,梳理异物冲击和磨损特性分析中的关键问题,为推动核电厂异物冲击和磨损的深入研究奠定基础,同时为燃料组件等核心部件的安全分析与设计提供一定参考。The detachment of components within the nuclear power plant system, along with items inadvertently left behind during maintenance activities, can lead to the presence of foreign objects in the system. These foreign objects pose significant risks to the safe operation of nuclear power plants. Currently, research on the impact and wear characteristics of foreign objects affecting critical core equipment and components—such as fuel assemblies—remains limited. This paper provides a comprehensive summary of both theoretical and experimental findings related to foreign object impact and wear, identifies key issues in analyzing these characteristics, establishes a foundation for advancing research in this area, and offers valuable insights for the safety analysis and design of core components like fuel assemblies.展开更多
针对局部二值模式(LBP)及局部图结构(LGS)方法因非均衡的提取方式导致特征表达能力不强,以及单纯提取局部特征存在对人脸信息描述不全面的局限性,提出基于均衡局部模式的DOG多尺度融合金字塔人脸识别算法。首先针对LBP、LGS的不足,利用...针对局部二值模式(LBP)及局部图结构(LGS)方法因非均衡的提取方式导致特征表达能力不强,以及单纯提取局部特征存在对人脸信息描述不全面的局限性,提出基于均衡局部模式的DOG多尺度融合金字塔人脸识别算法。首先针对LBP、LGS的不足,利用双圆交叉采样和以局部宏观信息为参考的自适应阈值、中心对称的采样图结构实现均衡优化,提出可变参的ECLBP和FLGS方法,合称为均衡局部模式,以增强对关键局部信息的利用;然后将利用高斯核及图像差分生成的DOG金字塔与均衡局部模式方法融合,以多尺度特征图在丰富样本信息的同时实现大尺度全局轮廓和小尺度局部细节的融合,进一步捕捉类间及类内差异特征;最后加权级联所有特征图各子块的统计直方图,得到全面准确的特征向量,采用最近邻分类器匹配,通过特征图、直方图的主客观对比,从理论上验证了均衡局部模式获得了信息更丰富、判别性更强的局部特征。在ORL、AR和LFW数据集上,针对ORL、AR和LFW人脸库和相关典型方法的对比结果发现:在时间耗费相当时,均衡局部模式的识别率提升最高达15.52%;进一步融合DOG金字塔补充多尺度特征后,识别率再次提升,最高可达9.24%。实验结果表明,与现有典型提取方法相比,均衡局部模式特征明显拥有更强的表征能力及鲁棒性,多尺度信息进一步增强了特征性能,尤其在少样本环境,当样本信息有限时,整体算法的优势更加明显。In order to solve the problem that local binary pattern and local graph structure methods lack sufficient feature expression ability because of the unbalanced extraction method, and the limitation that only using local features can’t fully describe face information, this paper proposes a method called Face recognition based on DOG multi-scale fusion of Balanced Local Pattern. Firstly, in view of the shortcomings of LBP and LGS, on the basis of balanced optimization by using double-circle cross-sampling, adaptive threshold based on local macro information, and a center-symmetric sampling graph structure, this paper proposes Extended Cross Local Binary Pattern and Four-angle star Local Graph Structure methods with variable parameters, which are collectively called Balanced Local Pattern, which can enhance the extraction of key feature information. Then, the DOG pyramid generated by the Gaussian kernel and image difference is fused with the balanced local pattern method. The supplemented multi-scale feature map enriches the sample information while achieving the fusion of large-scale global contours and small-scale local details, which can further capture inter-class and intra-class difference characteristics. Finally, the comprehensive and accurate feature vector is obtained by weighted cascading the sub-block histograms of all feature map, and the nearest neighbor classifier is used to complete the recognition. The subjective and objective comparison of feature map and histogram theoretically verifies that the balanced local pattern can obtain local features with richer information and stronger discrimination. On the ORL, AR and LFW datasets, the proposed method is compared with the relevant typical methods, and the results on the ORL, AR and LFW databases show that the recognition rate of Balanced Local patterns is improved by up to 15.52% when the time consumption is the same as that of typical methods;after further integration of DOG pyramid, the recognition rate is increased by up to 9.24% again. The experimental results show that compared with the existing typical extraction methods, the balanced local pattern features have stronger representation ability and robustness, and the multi-scale information further enhances the feature performance, especially in the small sample environment, when the sample information is limited, the advantage of the whole algorithm is more obvious.展开更多
纸面石膏板生产线的多个环节均需要消耗大量的高温蒸汽。为最大限度地提升蒸汽的热能利用率,减少石膏板生产中的间接碳排放,蒸汽的梯级利用必不可少。本文在现有的年产3000万m2石膏板生产线基础上,针对其干燥系统蒸汽的梯级利用流程进...纸面石膏板生产线的多个环节均需要消耗大量的高温蒸汽。为最大限度地提升蒸汽的热能利用率,减少石膏板生产中的间接碳排放,蒸汽的梯级利用必不可少。本文在现有的年产3000万m2石膏板生产线基础上,针对其干燥系统蒸汽的梯级利用流程进行了优化设计。结果表明,优化后的干燥系统的蒸汽使用量明显降低,取得了显著的节能效果。Many steps of the plasterboard production line need to consume mass high-temperature steam. In order to maximize the utilization rate of steam heat energy and reduce indirect carbon emissions in the production of plasterboard, the cascade utilization of steam is essential. Based on the existing production line of plasterboard with an annual output of 30 million square meters, this paper optimizes the step utilization process of steam in the drying system. The results show that the steam consumption of the optimized drying system is obviously reduced, and remarkable energy saving effect is achieved.展开更多
针对第一代国产大型飞机蒙皮卧式双五轴镜像铣床换刀频繁出现因负载过大触发故障报警的问题,研究设计了一种多轴联动换刀装置。该装置通过增加相对弱刚性的旋转换刀机构,避免了换刀时机床主轴与相对高刚性的圆盘刀库直接换刀,降低了换...针对第一代国产大型飞机蒙皮卧式双五轴镜像铣床换刀频繁出现因负载过大触发故障报警的问题,研究设计了一种多轴联动换刀装置。该装置通过增加相对弱刚性的旋转换刀机构,避免了换刀时机床主轴与相对高刚性的圆盘刀库直接换刀,降低了换刀时主轴所受负载,增加了换刀爪夹持中心自适应性,避免了换刀时频繁报警。研制了多轴联动换刀样机,并配套安装在国产大型飞机蒙皮卧式双五轴镜像铣床上进行了连续自动换刀测试,结果表明,在超3600次连续自动换刀测试中无报警发生。In order to solve the problem that the first generation of domestic large aircraft skinned horizontal double five-axis mirror milling machine frequently triggers fault alarms due to excessive load, a multi-axis linkage tool change device was studied and designed. By increasing the relatively weak rigidity of the rotary tool change mechanism, the device avoids the direct tool change between the machine tool spindle and the relatively high rigidity disc tool magazine during tool change, reduces the load on the spindle during tool change, increases the adaptability of the tool change jaw clamping center, and avoids frequent alarms when tool change. A multi-axis linkage tool change prototype was developed, and installed on a domestic large aircraft skin horizontal double five-axis mirror milling machine for continuous automatic tool change test, and the results showed that there was no alarm in more than 3600 continuous automatic tool change tests.展开更多
为解决人工润滑机械齿轮效率低下、润滑不均匀、成本高等问题,本文介绍一种齿轮润滑装置,结构简单、操作方便,能够定时自动给齿轮加油,实现齿轮润滑自动化。该装置的投入延长了齿轮的使用寿命,减少损耗,提高设备的作业稳定性,节约人力工...为解决人工润滑机械齿轮效率低下、润滑不均匀、成本高等问题,本文介绍一种齿轮润滑装置,结构简单、操作方便,能够定时自动给齿轮加油,实现齿轮润滑自动化。该装置的投入延长了齿轮的使用寿命,减少损耗,提高设备的作业稳定性,节约人力工时,提高生产效率。To solve the problems of low efficiency, uneven lubrication, and high cost in manual lubrication of mechanical gears, this article introduces a gear lubrication device with a simple structure and convenient operation. It can automatically add oil to the gears at regular intervals, achieving automatic gear lubrication. The investment of this device has extended the service life of the gears, reduced losses, improved the operational stability of the equipment, saved labor hours, and improved production efficiency.展开更多
灌溉是农业灌溉管理中非常重要的问题之一,传统的人工灌溉不仅浪费人力又工作效率不高。基于Crops模型的灌溉装置拟对农田中土壤环境、大气湿度和病虫害情况进行采样研究,掌握农田中的土壤环境以及空气湿度的变化规律,获得不同情况下的...灌溉是农业灌溉管理中非常重要的问题之一,传统的人工灌溉不仅浪费人力又工作效率不高。基于Crops模型的灌溉装置拟对农田中土壤环境、大气湿度和病虫害情况进行采样研究,掌握农田中的土壤环境以及空气湿度的变化规律,获得不同情况下的相关数据,在对相关数据进行分析的基础上,采用温度湿度传感器对一定范围内的各项指标进行分析,为田地里的农作物精准灌溉提供相关数据。Irrigation is one of the very important issues in agricultural irrigation management, and traditional manual irrigation not only wastes manpower but also has low work efficiency. The irrigation device based on the Crops model intends to sample and study the soil environment, atmospheric humidity and pests and diseases in the farmland, grasp the change law of the soil environment and air humidity in the farmland, obtain the relevant data under different conditions, and on the basis of the analysis of the relevant data, the temperature and humidity sensor is used to analyze the indicators within a certain range, so as to provide relevant data for the precise irrigation of crops in the field.展开更多
目的:为解决原有堆垛方式的推送定位不方便、生产速度快时会产生散垛或卡料、以及因盒条件关联的应用在原堆垛过程中效率低的问题。方法:通过设计一种新型堆垛方式,将两侧的顶起片的背面与转动轴的面齐平并限制了顶起片的间隙,同时在间...目的:为解决原有堆垛方式的推送定位不方便、生产速度快时会产生散垛或卡料、以及因盒条件关联的应用在原堆垛过程中效率低的问题。方法:通过设计一种新型堆垛方式,将两侧的顶起片的背面与转动轴的面齐平并限制了顶起片的间隙,同时在间隙处设置了限位片用于加强堆垛的定位稳定性。结论:本文介绍的烟草设备领域的烟条新型堆垛机构,其结构简单、维修操作方便,实现烟条输送堆垛整齐顺畅不卡料,减少卷烟生产烟条卡料停机次数,提高设备稳定性和生产效率。Objective: The purpose is to solve the problems of inconvenient push positioning of the original stacking method, scattered stacking or jamming when the production speed is fast, and low efficiency in the original stacking process due to the application associated with the box condition. Method: By designing a new stacking mode, the back of the jacking piece on both sides is flush with the surface of the rotating shaft and the clearance of the jacking piece is limited, and the limiting piece is arranged at the gap at the same time for strengthening the positioning stability of the stacking. Conclusion: The new stacking mechanism of cigarette strips in the field of tobacco equipment introduced in this paper has simple structure and convenient maintenance and operation, which realizes neat and smooth stacking of cigarette strips and no jamming, reduces the number of stoppages of cigarette strip jamming in cigarette production, and improves the stability and production efficiency of the equipment.展开更多
汽车座椅骨架的优化设计与研究,采用了一款汽车标配的主驾驶座椅作为研究目标,先是考虑了座椅的安全性能,测量了原座椅的数据,使用建模软件SolidWorks建立了适合有限元分析的简化模型,并基于国家对汽车座椅的相关安全标准,提出了适合本...汽车座椅骨架的优化设计与研究,采用了一款汽车标配的主驾驶座椅作为研究目标,先是考虑了座椅的安全性能,测量了原座椅的数据,使用建模软件SolidWorks建立了适合有限元分析的简化模型,并基于国家对汽车座椅的相关安全标准,提出了适合本文使用的研究和优化方案:首先,使用ANSYS对座椅骨架进行最基础的静力学分析,在保证其结果满足国家标准后模拟实际工况对其进行疲劳分析,结合静力学分析和疲劳分析的结果对座椅骨架最薄弱的部分展开优化设计,其次对模型进行模态分析,保证座椅试验不会产生共振。本文的优化主要采用了尺寸优化与轻量化,对优化后的模型进行相同工况的试验并于优化前进行对比,来证实本文优化设计的可行性。The optimization design and research of car seat frames adopted a standard driver’s seat as the research objective. Firstly, the safety performance of the seat was considered, and the data of the original seat was measured. A simplified model suitable for finite element analysis was established using the modeling software SolidWorks. Based on the relevant national safety standards for car seats, a research and optimization plan suitable for this article was proposed. Firstly, ANSYS was used to conduct the most basic static analysis of the seat frame. After ensuring that the results meet the national standards, fatigue analysis was simulated under actual working conditions. Combined with the results of static and fatigue analysis, the weakest part of the seat frame was optimized. Secondly, modal analysis was carried out on the model to ensure that resonance would not occur in the seat test. The optimization of this article mainly adopts size optimization and lightweighting. The optimized model is tested under the same operating conditions and compared before optimization to confirm the feasibility of the optimized design in this article.展开更多
文摘针对航空航天环境医学多因素耦合研究欠缺、复合环境模拟实验设备缺乏等问题,本文基于模块化设计思想,研制了低压舱,并与已有的超重平台耦合,搭建了低压超重复合实验平台。通过理论分析、仿真建模等方法,对该低压舱的硬件、软件进行了设计与选型,并对耦合低压舱的低压超重复合实验平台进行了测试。结果表明:在低压舱体积为0.09 m3、重量小于20 kg的约束条件下,低压舱的结构安全系数为1.2;实验平台运行平稳,稳定性不受超重过载影响,仅受设定的压力值的轻微影响,且在各个工况下压力的波动范围和相对误差有限。This paper addresses the issues of insufficient multi-factor coupling research in space environmental medicine and the lack of integrated environmental simulation equipment. Based on modular design principle, a low-pressure chamber was developed and integrated with an existing overload simulated platform to establish a low-pressure and overload integrated environment simulation platform. By theoretical analysis and simulation modeling, the hardware and software of the low-pressure chamber were designed and selected, and the performances of the low-pressure and overload integrated environment simulation platform were tested. The results show that under the constraints of the low-pressure chamber with a volume of 0.09 m³ and a weight of less than 20 kg, the structural safety factor of the chamber is 1.2. And its stability was unaffected by overload conditions and just influenced by the given pressure values slightly, and the fluctuation ranges and relative errors of pressure were limited.
文摘红外场景投影仪能够模拟多种类型的目标与背景,对光电探测系统进行动态测试评估。为提高中波红外场景投影仪帧频速度和灰度等级,提出了一种基于双DMD (数字微反射器件)的设计方案。根据光学系统的特点及中波红外投影仪使用环境,对总体结构进行选型。根据投影仪的使用环境要求,对其进行有限元分析,结论表明力学性能满足指标要求。投影仪的测试结果表明此系统完全满足指标要求。Infrared scene projector can simulate multiple types of targets and backgrounds, which can evaluate dynamic test of photoelectric detection systems. In order to improve the frame rate and the grey level of the midwave (MWIR) scene projector, the design scheme based on dual-DMD (Digital micro-mirror device) is presented. The overall structure is selected according to the characteristic of optical system and operational environment of the midwave (MWIR) scene projector. The finite element analysis of the system is carried out according to operating environment requirements, which results show that the mechanical properties meet the specification. The results of the testing for the projector illustrate that the performances of the optical systems meet the specifications of the infrared scene projector.
文摘随着时间的推移,电气设备的体积逐渐减小,而其功能却不断增加,导致设备内部元件的功耗和运行温度持续上升,使得电气设备过热问题变得更加突出。散热技术的研究与开发在电气装备的设计和制造过程中占据了很重要的地位,它直接关系到设备在正常运行状态下的热管理效率,进而影响产品的可靠性和预期寿命。在产品进入生产阶段之前,需要利用热分析软件对产品进行散热和结构优化。本研究以动态无功补偿器为研究对象,采用Solidworks软件对动态无功补偿器的电气柜进行热仿真分析。研究内容主要包括:在模型构建阶段,对模型进行必要的简化,以满足散热仿真的参数要求,并确立无功补偿器的模型图。在热仿真阶段,利用Solidworks软件中的模块,对电气柜进行流体分析。通过设定流量边界条件和初始温度条件,模拟电气柜内部的流场和温度分布,生成温度分布云图。针对动态无功补偿器的散热需求,本研究设计了风冷散热方案。通过对比有风扇和无风扇条件下电气柜内部的流场和温度分布云图,评估风扇对散热性能的影响。仿真结果表明,在配备风扇的情况下,电气柜内部温度显著降低,这有助于提高设备的长期运行安全性和稳定性。Over time, the physical dimensions of electrical equipment have gradually diminished, while their functionalities have continually expanded. This has led to a persistent increase in the power consumption and operating temperatures of internal components, thereby exacerbating the issue of electrical equipment overheating. The research and development of thermal management technologies hold a significant position in the design and manufacturing processes of electrical equipment, as they directly impact the thermal management efficiency during normal operation, which in turn affects the product’s reliability and expected lifespan. Prior to the production phase of a product, it is imperative to utilize thermal analysis software for optimizing the product’s thermal performance and structural design. This study focuses on dynamic reactive power compensators, employing Solidworks software to conduct thermal simulation analysis on the electrical cabinets of dynamic reactive power compensators. The research primarily encompasses the following aspects: during the model construction phase, the model is simplified as necessary to meet the parameter requirements for thermal simulation and to establish the model diagram of the reactive power compensator. In the thermal simulation phase, the software’s modules are utilized to perform fluid analysis on the electrical cabinet. By setting the flow boundary conditions and initial temperature conditions, the internal flow field and temperature distribution within the electrical cabinet are simulated, generating a temperature distribution cloud map. In response to the thermal requirements of dynamic reactive power compensators, this study designs a wind cooling solution. By comparing the internal flow field and temperature distribution cloud maps under conditions with and without fans, the impact of fans on thermal performance is assessed. The simulation results indicate that with the installation of fans, the internal temperature of the electrical cabinet is significantly reduced, which contributes to enhancing the long-term operational safety and stability of the equipment.
文摘核电厂系统内部的部件脱落或者设备维修时物品遗落,将在系统内部产生异物。异物对核电厂的系统安全运行产生不利影响。目前异物对核电厂燃料组件等重要核心设备和部件的冲击和磨损特性研究相对较少。本文对异物冲击和磨损理论及实验研究结果进行总结,梳理异物冲击和磨损特性分析中的关键问题,为推动核电厂异物冲击和磨损的深入研究奠定基础,同时为燃料组件等核心部件的安全分析与设计提供一定参考。The detachment of components within the nuclear power plant system, along with items inadvertently left behind during maintenance activities, can lead to the presence of foreign objects in the system. These foreign objects pose significant risks to the safe operation of nuclear power plants. Currently, research on the impact and wear characteristics of foreign objects affecting critical core equipment and components—such as fuel assemblies—remains limited. This paper provides a comprehensive summary of both theoretical and experimental findings related to foreign object impact and wear, identifies key issues in analyzing these characteristics, establishes a foundation for advancing research in this area, and offers valuable insights for the safety analysis and design of core components like fuel assemblies.
文摘针对局部二值模式(LBP)及局部图结构(LGS)方法因非均衡的提取方式导致特征表达能力不强,以及单纯提取局部特征存在对人脸信息描述不全面的局限性,提出基于均衡局部模式的DOG多尺度融合金字塔人脸识别算法。首先针对LBP、LGS的不足,利用双圆交叉采样和以局部宏观信息为参考的自适应阈值、中心对称的采样图结构实现均衡优化,提出可变参的ECLBP和FLGS方法,合称为均衡局部模式,以增强对关键局部信息的利用;然后将利用高斯核及图像差分生成的DOG金字塔与均衡局部模式方法融合,以多尺度特征图在丰富样本信息的同时实现大尺度全局轮廓和小尺度局部细节的融合,进一步捕捉类间及类内差异特征;最后加权级联所有特征图各子块的统计直方图,得到全面准确的特征向量,采用最近邻分类器匹配,通过特征图、直方图的主客观对比,从理论上验证了均衡局部模式获得了信息更丰富、判别性更强的局部特征。在ORL、AR和LFW数据集上,针对ORL、AR和LFW人脸库和相关典型方法的对比结果发现:在时间耗费相当时,均衡局部模式的识别率提升最高达15.52%;进一步融合DOG金字塔补充多尺度特征后,识别率再次提升,最高可达9.24%。实验结果表明,与现有典型提取方法相比,均衡局部模式特征明显拥有更强的表征能力及鲁棒性,多尺度信息进一步增强了特征性能,尤其在少样本环境,当样本信息有限时,整体算法的优势更加明显。In order to solve the problem that local binary pattern and local graph structure methods lack sufficient feature expression ability because of the unbalanced extraction method, and the limitation that only using local features can’t fully describe face information, this paper proposes a method called Face recognition based on DOG multi-scale fusion of Balanced Local Pattern. Firstly, in view of the shortcomings of LBP and LGS, on the basis of balanced optimization by using double-circle cross-sampling, adaptive threshold based on local macro information, and a center-symmetric sampling graph structure, this paper proposes Extended Cross Local Binary Pattern and Four-angle star Local Graph Structure methods with variable parameters, which are collectively called Balanced Local Pattern, which can enhance the extraction of key feature information. Then, the DOG pyramid generated by the Gaussian kernel and image difference is fused with the balanced local pattern method. The supplemented multi-scale feature map enriches the sample information while achieving the fusion of large-scale global contours and small-scale local details, which can further capture inter-class and intra-class difference characteristics. Finally, the comprehensive and accurate feature vector is obtained by weighted cascading the sub-block histograms of all feature map, and the nearest neighbor classifier is used to complete the recognition. The subjective and objective comparison of feature map and histogram theoretically verifies that the balanced local pattern can obtain local features with richer information and stronger discrimination. On the ORL, AR and LFW datasets, the proposed method is compared with the relevant typical methods, and the results on the ORL, AR and LFW databases show that the recognition rate of Balanced Local patterns is improved by up to 15.52% when the time consumption is the same as that of typical methods;after further integration of DOG pyramid, the recognition rate is increased by up to 9.24% again. The experimental results show that compared with the existing typical extraction methods, the balanced local pattern features have stronger representation ability and robustness, and the multi-scale information further enhances the feature performance, especially in the small sample environment, when the sample information is limited, the advantage of the whole algorithm is more obvious.
文摘纸面石膏板生产线的多个环节均需要消耗大量的高温蒸汽。为最大限度地提升蒸汽的热能利用率,减少石膏板生产中的间接碳排放,蒸汽的梯级利用必不可少。本文在现有的年产3000万m2石膏板生产线基础上,针对其干燥系统蒸汽的梯级利用流程进行了优化设计。结果表明,优化后的干燥系统的蒸汽使用量明显降低,取得了显著的节能效果。Many steps of the plasterboard production line need to consume mass high-temperature steam. In order to maximize the utilization rate of steam heat energy and reduce indirect carbon emissions in the production of plasterboard, the cascade utilization of steam is essential. Based on the existing production line of plasterboard with an annual output of 30 million square meters, this paper optimizes the step utilization process of steam in the drying system. The results show that the steam consumption of the optimized drying system is obviously reduced, and remarkable energy saving effect is achieved.
文摘针对第一代国产大型飞机蒙皮卧式双五轴镜像铣床换刀频繁出现因负载过大触发故障报警的问题,研究设计了一种多轴联动换刀装置。该装置通过增加相对弱刚性的旋转换刀机构,避免了换刀时机床主轴与相对高刚性的圆盘刀库直接换刀,降低了换刀时主轴所受负载,增加了换刀爪夹持中心自适应性,避免了换刀时频繁报警。研制了多轴联动换刀样机,并配套安装在国产大型飞机蒙皮卧式双五轴镜像铣床上进行了连续自动换刀测试,结果表明,在超3600次连续自动换刀测试中无报警发生。In order to solve the problem that the first generation of domestic large aircraft skinned horizontal double five-axis mirror milling machine frequently triggers fault alarms due to excessive load, a multi-axis linkage tool change device was studied and designed. By increasing the relatively weak rigidity of the rotary tool change mechanism, the device avoids the direct tool change between the machine tool spindle and the relatively high rigidity disc tool magazine during tool change, reduces the load on the spindle during tool change, increases the adaptability of the tool change jaw clamping center, and avoids frequent alarms when tool change. A multi-axis linkage tool change prototype was developed, and installed on a domestic large aircraft skin horizontal double five-axis mirror milling machine for continuous automatic tool change test, and the results showed that there was no alarm in more than 3600 continuous automatic tool change tests.
文摘为解决人工润滑机械齿轮效率低下、润滑不均匀、成本高等问题,本文介绍一种齿轮润滑装置,结构简单、操作方便,能够定时自动给齿轮加油,实现齿轮润滑自动化。该装置的投入延长了齿轮的使用寿命,减少损耗,提高设备的作业稳定性,节约人力工时,提高生产效率。To solve the problems of low efficiency, uneven lubrication, and high cost in manual lubrication of mechanical gears, this article introduces a gear lubrication device with a simple structure and convenient operation. It can automatically add oil to the gears at regular intervals, achieving automatic gear lubrication. The investment of this device has extended the service life of the gears, reduced losses, improved the operational stability of the equipment, saved labor hours, and improved production efficiency.
文摘灌溉是农业灌溉管理中非常重要的问题之一,传统的人工灌溉不仅浪费人力又工作效率不高。基于Crops模型的灌溉装置拟对农田中土壤环境、大气湿度和病虫害情况进行采样研究,掌握农田中的土壤环境以及空气湿度的变化规律,获得不同情况下的相关数据,在对相关数据进行分析的基础上,采用温度湿度传感器对一定范围内的各项指标进行分析,为田地里的农作物精准灌溉提供相关数据。Irrigation is one of the very important issues in agricultural irrigation management, and traditional manual irrigation not only wastes manpower but also has low work efficiency. The irrigation device based on the Crops model intends to sample and study the soil environment, atmospheric humidity and pests and diseases in the farmland, grasp the change law of the soil environment and air humidity in the farmland, obtain the relevant data under different conditions, and on the basis of the analysis of the relevant data, the temperature and humidity sensor is used to analyze the indicators within a certain range, so as to provide relevant data for the precise irrigation of crops in the field.
文摘目的:为解决原有堆垛方式的推送定位不方便、生产速度快时会产生散垛或卡料、以及因盒条件关联的应用在原堆垛过程中效率低的问题。方法:通过设计一种新型堆垛方式,将两侧的顶起片的背面与转动轴的面齐平并限制了顶起片的间隙,同时在间隙处设置了限位片用于加强堆垛的定位稳定性。结论:本文介绍的烟草设备领域的烟条新型堆垛机构,其结构简单、维修操作方便,实现烟条输送堆垛整齐顺畅不卡料,减少卷烟生产烟条卡料停机次数,提高设备稳定性和生产效率。Objective: The purpose is to solve the problems of inconvenient push positioning of the original stacking method, scattered stacking or jamming when the production speed is fast, and low efficiency in the original stacking process due to the application associated with the box condition. Method: By designing a new stacking mode, the back of the jacking piece on both sides is flush with the surface of the rotating shaft and the clearance of the jacking piece is limited, and the limiting piece is arranged at the gap at the same time for strengthening the positioning stability of the stacking. Conclusion: The new stacking mechanism of cigarette strips in the field of tobacco equipment introduced in this paper has simple structure and convenient maintenance and operation, which realizes neat and smooth stacking of cigarette strips and no jamming, reduces the number of stoppages of cigarette strip jamming in cigarette production, and improves the stability and production efficiency of the equipment.
文摘汽车座椅骨架的优化设计与研究,采用了一款汽车标配的主驾驶座椅作为研究目标,先是考虑了座椅的安全性能,测量了原座椅的数据,使用建模软件SolidWorks建立了适合有限元分析的简化模型,并基于国家对汽车座椅的相关安全标准,提出了适合本文使用的研究和优化方案:首先,使用ANSYS对座椅骨架进行最基础的静力学分析,在保证其结果满足国家标准后模拟实际工况对其进行疲劳分析,结合静力学分析和疲劳分析的结果对座椅骨架最薄弱的部分展开优化设计,其次对模型进行模态分析,保证座椅试验不会产生共振。本文的优化主要采用了尺寸优化与轻量化,对优化后的模型进行相同工况的试验并于优化前进行对比,来证实本文优化设计的可行性。The optimization design and research of car seat frames adopted a standard driver’s seat as the research objective. Firstly, the safety performance of the seat was considered, and the data of the original seat was measured. A simplified model suitable for finite element analysis was established using the modeling software SolidWorks. Based on the relevant national safety standards for car seats, a research and optimization plan suitable for this article was proposed. Firstly, ANSYS was used to conduct the most basic static analysis of the seat frame. After ensuring that the results meet the national standards, fatigue analysis was simulated under actual working conditions. Combined with the results of static and fatigue analysis, the weakest part of the seat frame was optimized. Secondly, modal analysis was carried out on the model to ensure that resonance would not occur in the seat test. The optimization of this article mainly adopts size optimization and lightweighting. The optimized model is tested under the same operating conditions and compared before optimization to confirm the feasibility of the optimized design in this article.
