Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe)solar cells have resource distribution and economic advantages.The main cause of their low efficiency is carrier loss resulting from recombination of photo-generated electron and hole.To overcome...Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe)solar cells have resource distribution and economic advantages.The main cause of their low efficiency is carrier loss resulting from recombination of photo-generated electron and hole.To overcome this,it is important to understand their electron-hole behavior characteristics.To determine the carrier separation characteristics,we measured the surface potential and the local current in terms of the absorber depth.The elemental variation in the intragrains(IGs)and at the grain boundaries(GBs)caused a band edge shift and bandgap(Eg)change.At the absorber surface and subsurface,an upward Ec and Ev band bending structure was observed at the GBs,and the carrier separation was improved.At the absorber center,both upward Ec and Ev and downward Ec-upward Ev band bending structures were observed at the GBs,and the carrier separation was degraded.To improve the carrier separation and suppress carrier recombination,an upward Ec and Ev band bending structure at the GBs is desirable.展开更多
Neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC)is a rare tumor,comprising【1%of stomach cancers.A 55-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with biopsy-proven gastric cancer.A shallow ulcerative lesion was detected in the lesser c...Neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC)is a rare tumor,comprising【1%of stomach cancers.A 55-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with biopsy-proven gastric cancer.A shallow ulcerative lesion was detected in the lesser curvature of the lower body.It was suspected to be early gastric cancerⅡA+ⅡC type.Thus,endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed.She was subsequently diagnosed with NEC,which is aggressive and carries a poor prognosis.We conducted a radical resection and a laparoscopic-assisted distal gastrectomy.The tumor had infiltrated the subserosal layer and6/42 lymph nodes were involved.The mitotic index was16/10 high power fields and the Ki-67 labeling index was 26%-50%.The final diagnosis of NEC was made according to the World health Organization 2010 criteria.She was suspected of having jumping metastasis to the proximal margin.The patient was treated with an oral anticancer drug(5-flurouracil based drug)for2 years.The patient has been followed up for 3 years without recurrence.展开更多
Understanding the stress-induced phenomena is essential for improving the long-term application of flexible solar cells to non-flat surfaces.Here,we investigated the electronic band structure and carrier transport mec...Understanding the stress-induced phenomena is essential for improving the long-term application of flexible solar cells to non-flat surfaces.Here,we investigated the electronic band structure and carrier transport mechanism of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe)photovoltaic devices under mechanical stress.Highly efficient flexible CZTSSe devices were fabricated controlling the Na incorporation.The electronic structure of CZTSSe was deformed with stress as the band gap,valence band edge,and work function changed.Electrical properties of the bent CZTSSe surface were probed by Kelvin probe force microscopy and the CZTSSe with Na showed less degraded carrier transport compared to the CZTSSe without Na.The local open-circuit voltage(VOC)on the bent CZTSSe surface decreased due to limited carrier excitation.The reduction of local VOC occurred larger with convex bending than in concave bending,which is consistent with the degradation of device parameters.This study paves the way for understanding the stress-induced optoelectronic changes in flexible photovoltaic devices.展开更多
Flexible and lightweight Cu(In,Ga)Se2(CIGS)thin-film solar cells are promising for versatile applications,but there is limited understanding of stress-induced changes.In this study,the charge carrier generation and tr...Flexible and lightweight Cu(In,Ga)Se2(CIGS)thin-film solar cells are promising for versatile applications,but there is limited understanding of stress-induced changes.In this study,the charge carrier generation and trapping behavior undermechanical stress was investigated using flexible CIGS thin-film solar cells with various alkali treatments.Surface current at the CIGS surface decreased by convex bending,which occurs less with the incorporation of alkali metals.The formation energy of the carrier generating defects increased in convex bending environments clarifying the degradation of the surface current.Moreover,alkali-related defects had lower formation energy than the intrinsic acceptors,mitigating current degradation in mechanical stress condition.The altered defect energy levels were attributed to the deformation of the crystal structure under bending states.This study provides insights into the mitigating of strain-induced charge degradation for enhancing the performance and robustness of flexible CIGS photovoltaic devices.展开更多
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(No.2022M3J1A1085371)by the DGIST R&D programs of the Ministry of Science and ICT(23-ET-08 and 23-CoE-ET-01)supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(NRF-2018R1A6A1A03025340).
文摘Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe)solar cells have resource distribution and economic advantages.The main cause of their low efficiency is carrier loss resulting from recombination of photo-generated electron and hole.To overcome this,it is important to understand their electron-hole behavior characteristics.To determine the carrier separation characteristics,we measured the surface potential and the local current in terms of the absorber depth.The elemental variation in the intragrains(IGs)and at the grain boundaries(GBs)caused a band edge shift and bandgap(Eg)change.At the absorber surface and subsurface,an upward Ec and Ev band bending structure was observed at the GBs,and the carrier separation was improved.At the absorber center,both upward Ec and Ev and downward Ec-upward Ev band bending structures were observed at the GBs,and the carrier separation was degraded.To improve the carrier separation and suppress carrier recombination,an upward Ec and Ev band bending structure at the GBs is desirable.
文摘Neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC)is a rare tumor,comprising【1%of stomach cancers.A 55-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with biopsy-proven gastric cancer.A shallow ulcerative lesion was detected in the lesser curvature of the lower body.It was suspected to be early gastric cancerⅡA+ⅡC type.Thus,endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed.She was subsequently diagnosed with NEC,which is aggressive and carries a poor prognosis.We conducted a radical resection and a laparoscopic-assisted distal gastrectomy.The tumor had infiltrated the subserosal layer and6/42 lymph nodes were involved.The mitotic index was16/10 high power fields and the Ki-67 labeling index was 26%-50%.The final diagnosis of NEC was made according to the World health Organization 2010 criteria.She was suspected of having jumping metastasis to the proximal margin.The patient was treated with an oral anticancer drug(5-flurouracil based drug)for2 years.The patient has been followed up for 3 years without recurrence.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2018R1A6A1A03025340)Ministry of Science,Technology,ICT,and Future Planning (NRF-2021R1A2B5B02001961)+1 种基金supported by the program of Phased development of carbon neutral technologies through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT (NRF2022M3J1A1064229)supported by the DGIST R&D programs of the Ministry of Science and ICT (22-CoE-ET-01).
文摘Understanding the stress-induced phenomena is essential for improving the long-term application of flexible solar cells to non-flat surfaces.Here,we investigated the electronic band structure and carrier transport mechanism of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe)photovoltaic devices under mechanical stress.Highly efficient flexible CZTSSe devices were fabricated controlling the Na incorporation.The electronic structure of CZTSSe was deformed with stress as the band gap,valence band edge,and work function changed.Electrical properties of the bent CZTSSe surface were probed by Kelvin probe force microscopy and the CZTSSe with Na showed less degraded carrier transport compared to the CZTSSe without Na.The local open-circuit voltage(VOC)on the bent CZTSSe surface decreased due to limited carrier excitation.The reduction of local VOC occurred larger with convex bending than in concave bending,which is consistent with the degradation of device parameters.This study paves the way for understanding the stress-induced optoelectronic changes in flexible photovoltaic devices.
基金supported by national R&D programs through the National Research Foundation of Korea(grant number:RS-2024-00355905,NRF-2018R1A6A1A03025340,NRF-2022M3J1A1064229)funded by the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Science and ICT,and the framework of the Research and Development Program of the Korea Institute of Energy Research(grant number:C4-2412).
文摘Flexible and lightweight Cu(In,Ga)Se2(CIGS)thin-film solar cells are promising for versatile applications,but there is limited understanding of stress-induced changes.In this study,the charge carrier generation and trapping behavior undermechanical stress was investigated using flexible CIGS thin-film solar cells with various alkali treatments.Surface current at the CIGS surface decreased by convex bending,which occurs less with the incorporation of alkali metals.The formation energy of the carrier generating defects increased in convex bending environments clarifying the degradation of the surface current.Moreover,alkali-related defects had lower formation energy than the intrinsic acceptors,mitigating current degradation in mechanical stress condition.The altered defect energy levels were attributed to the deformation of the crystal structure under bending states.This study provides insights into the mitigating of strain-induced charge degradation for enhancing the performance and robustness of flexible CIGS photovoltaic devices.
