In order to promote the development of agricultural large-scale operation in China,this paper constructs a calculation model for agricultural moderate large-scale operation to estimate moderate operation scale of Chin...In order to promote the development of agricultural large-scale operation in China,this paper constructs a calculation model for agricultural moderate large-scale operation to estimate moderate operation scale of China's major crops and different agricultural varieties in different regions based on the analysis of present situation of agricultural moderate large-scale operation. The results show that the national average moderate operation area of grain is 7. 3 ha; the average moderate operation area of vegetable,cotton and apple is 0. 61,21. 42 and 0. 37 ha,respectively; the average moderate scale of hog and sheep is 388 and 234. 8,respectively. In addition,for different varieties of agricultural products,we estimate their moderate scale in different provinces. The study provides a scientific basis for speeding up agricultural land transfer and realizing moderate large-scale operation,and sets forth corresponding recommendations on this basis.展开更多
Transcription factor forkhead box P3(Foxp3)+regulatory T(Treg)cells are receiving increasing attention because this unique subset of T cells is characterized by exerting negative regulatory function of cellular immune...Transcription factor forkhead box P3(Foxp3)+regulatory T(Treg)cells are receiving increasing attention because this unique subset of T cells is characterized by exerting negative regulatory function of cellular immune responses.The resultant suppression of anti-tumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment(TME)is regarded as a major obstacle to immunotherapies in a plethora of cancers.Thus,an integrated understanding of the intrinsic correlation between tumors and Treg cell biology is urgently required.This review focuses on the peculiar biochemical effects of tumor metabolic environments on Tregs and how Tregs orchestrate internal metabolic switches and altered metabolic pathways and molecules to survive and function after the remodeling of homeostasis and specialization,providing new directions for immunotherapies.展开更多
Vortex beams with orbital angular momentum play a crucial role in increasing the information capacity in optical communications.The magnitude of orbital angular momentum determines the ability of information encoding....Vortex beams with orbital angular momentum play a crucial role in increasing the information capacity in optical communications.The magnitude of orbital angular momentum determines the ability of information encoding.In practice,a vortex beam can encounter random objects or turbulence during free-space propagation,resulting in information damage.Therefore,accurately measuring the orbital angular momentum of a randomly fluctuated and obstructed vortex beam is a considerable challenge.Herein,we propose a single-shot method for the phase retrieval of a randomly fluctuated and obstructed vortex beam by combining the phase-shift theorem and self-reference holography.Experimental results reveal that the sign and magnitude of the initial orbital angular momentum can be simultaneously determined based on their quantitative relation with the number of coherence singularities on the observation plane,thus addressing the effects of random occlusion and atmospheric turbulence.The proposed method considerably improved the accurate decoding of orbital angular momentum information in nonideal freespace optical communications.展开更多
Prostate cancer(PC)is an epithelial malignancy occurring in the prostate.PC ranks second in incidence among all male malignancies globally by the latest statistics from the World Health Organization.Notably,China has ...Prostate cancer(PC)is an epithelial malignancy occurring in the prostate.PC ranks second in incidence among all male malignancies globally by the latest statistics from the World Health Organization.Notably,China has seen a more rapid increase in PC incidence compared to developed European and American nations.By 2022,the newly reported cases and deaths due to PC in China increased to 134,200 and 47,500,respectively.Thus,early diagnosis and stand-ardized treatment for prostate cancer in China remain far-reaching objectives.Burgeoning research on advanced PC and castration-resistant prostate cancer in recent years have paved the way for a new era of integrated treatment methods including novel endocrine drugs,chemotherapy,targeted therapy,and immunotherapy.Future therapies involve precision treatment guided by genetic testing and individualized integrated treatment as part of a multi-disciplinary integrated diagnosis and treatment model for PC.The Genitourinary Oncology Committee of theCACA guidelines for holistic integrative management of prostate cancer China Anti-Cancer Association(CACA-GU)has invited multidisciplinary experts across fields including surgery,oncology,pathology,radiology,herbal medicine,physiatry,and psychology to collaboratively write,discuss,and revise guide-lines on managing PC.The CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Prostate Cancer includes epide-miology,screening and diagnosis,treatment for localized PC,diagnosis and treatment of PC recurrence after radical prostatectomy,management of metastatic PC,traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment of PC,and reha-bilitation from PC.This guideline aims to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment management of PC in China.It is more aligned with China’s clinical practice,highlights Chinese characteristics,and bears significant clinical importance.展开更多
Niobium pentoxide;Ion and electron transport;Mass loading;Areal capacity;Lithium-ion batteryNiobium pentoxide(Nb2 O5) has attracted great attention as an anode for lithium-ion battery, which is attributed to the high-...Niobium pentoxide;Ion and electron transport;Mass loading;Areal capacity;Lithium-ion batteryNiobium pentoxide(Nb2 O5) has attracted great attention as an anode for lithium-ion battery, which is attributed to the high-rate and good stability performances. In this work, TT-, T-, M-, and H-Nb2 O5 microspheres were synthesized by a facile one-step thermal oxidation method. Ion and electron transport properties of Nb2 O5 with different phases were investigated by both electrochemical analyses and density functional theoretical calculations. Without nanostructuring and carbon modification, the tetragonal Nb2 O5(M-Nb2 O5) displays preferable rate capability(121 m Ah g^-1 at 5 A g^-1), enhanced reversible capacity(163 m Ah g^-1 at 0.2 A g^-1) and better cycling stability(82.3% capacity retention after 1000 cycles)when compared with TT-, T-, and H-Nb2 O5. Electrochemical analyses further reveal the diffusioncontrolled Li+intercalation kinetics and in-situ X-ray diffraction analysis indicates superior structural stability upon Li+intercalation/deintercalation. Benefiting from the intrinsic fast ion/electron transport, a high areal capacity of 2.24 m Ah cm^-2 is obtained even at an ultrahigh mass loading of 22.51 mg cm^-2.This work can promote the development of Nb2 O5 materials for high areal capacity and stable lithium storage towards practical applications.展开更多
Background:LY01005(Goserelin acetate sustained-release microsphere injection)is a modified gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)agonist injected monthly.This phase III trial study aimed to evaluated the efficacy and sa...Background:LY01005(Goserelin acetate sustained-release microsphere injection)is a modified gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)agonist injected monthly.This phase III trial study aimed to evaluated the efficacy and safety of LY01005 in Chinese patients with prostate cancer.Methods:We conducted a randomized controlled,open-label,non-inferiority trial across 49 sites in China.This study included 290 patients with prostate cancer who received either LY01005 or goserelin implants every 28 days for three injections.The primary efficacy endpoints were the percentage of patients with testosterone suppression≤50 ng/dL at day 29 and the cumulative probability of testosterone≤50 ng/dL from day 29 to 85.Non-inferiority was prespecified at a margin of-10%.Secondary endpoints included significant castration(≤20 ng/dL),testosterone surge within 72 h following repeated dosing,and changes in luteinizing hormone,follicle-stimulating hormone,and prostate specific antigen levels.Results:On day 29,in the LY01005 and goserelin implant groups,testosterone concentrations fell below medical-castration levels in 99.3%(142/143)and 100%(140/140)of patients,respectively,with a difference of-0.7%(95%confidence interval[CI],-3.9%to 2.0%)between the two groups.The cumulative probabilities of maintaining castration from days 29 to 85 were 99.3%and 97.8%,respectively,with a between-group difference of 1.5%(95%CI,-1.3%to 4.4%).Both results met the criterion for non-inferiority.Secondary endpoints were similar between groups.Both treatments were well-tolerated.LY01005 was associated with fewer injection-site reactions than the goserelin implant(0%vs.1.4%[2/145]).Conclusion:LY01005 is as effective as goserelin implants in reducing testosterone to castration levels,with a similar safety profile.Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT04563936.展开更多
Syngas is a clean energy carrier and a major industrial feedstock. In this paper, syngas was produced via biomass chemical looping gasification(CLG) process. Hematite, the most common Fe-based oxygen carrier(OC), was ...Syngas is a clean energy carrier and a major industrial feedstock. In this paper, syngas was produced via biomass chemical looping gasification(CLG) process. Hematite, the most common Fe-based oxygen carrier(OC), was modified with different metal oxides(CeO_(2), CaO and MgO) by the impregnation method. The hematite modified by CeO_(2), CaO and MgO was namely as CeO_(2)-hematite(CeO_(2)-H), CaO-hematite(CaO-H) and MgO-hematite(MgO-H), respectively. The introduction of CeO_(2), CaO and MgO enhanced the reactivity of lattice oxygen of hematite. The optimum condition for syngas production had been explored as the mass ratio of oxygen carrier to biomass(O/B) of 0.2, the mass ratio of steam to biomass(S/B) of0.75 and temperature of 800℃in the biomass CLG process. The CeO_(2)-H exhibited the most wonderful performance compared to that for CaO-H and MgO-H. The crystal composition of OC influenced greatly in the CLG process. CeFeO_(3)had a good oxygen mobility property and lattice oxygen releasing capacity due to the most oxygen vacancy distributed on the OC surface and the most active lattice oxygen, which is conducive to the biomass chemical looping gasification process for syngas production, leading to the highest gasification efficiency of 95.86% and gas yield of 1.20 m^(3)/kg of the three. Cyclic test proved that CeO_(2)-H had well sintering resistance and cyclic performance.展开更多
Algal biofilmtechnology is a new and advanced wastewater treatment method.Experimental study on removing nitrogen and phosphorus from simulated wastewater using algal biofilm under the continuous light of 3500 Lux in ...Algal biofilmtechnology is a new and advanced wastewater treatment method.Experimental study on removing nitrogen and phosphorus from simulated wastewater using algal biofilm under the continuous light of 3500 Lux in the batch and continuous systems was carried out in this paper to assess the performance of algal biofilm in removing nutrients.The results showed that the effect of removing nitrogen and phosphorus by algal biofilm was remarkable in the batch system.The removal efficiencies of total phosphorus(TP),total nitrogen(TN),ammonianitrogen(NH_(3)-N),and chemical oxygen demand(COD)reached 98.17%,86.58%,91.88%,and 97.11%,respectively.In the continuous system,hydraulic retention time(HRT)of 4 days was adopted;the effects of removing TP,TN,NH_(3)-N,and COD by algal biofilm were very stable.During a run of 24 days,the removal efficiencies of TP,TN,NH_(3)-N,and COD reached 95.38%,83.93%,82.38%,and 92.31%,respectively.This study demonstrates the feasibility of removing nitrogen and phosphorus from simulated wastewater using algal biofilm.展开更多
基金Supported by Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(ASTIP-IAED-2015-02)Fundamental Research Fund Project of Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(0052015002-9)
文摘In order to promote the development of agricultural large-scale operation in China,this paper constructs a calculation model for agricultural moderate large-scale operation to estimate moderate operation scale of China's major crops and different agricultural varieties in different regions based on the analysis of present situation of agricultural moderate large-scale operation. The results show that the national average moderate operation area of grain is 7. 3 ha; the average moderate operation area of vegetable,cotton and apple is 0. 61,21. 42 and 0. 37 ha,respectively; the average moderate scale of hog and sheep is 388 and 234. 8,respectively. In addition,for different varieties of agricultural products,we estimate their moderate scale in different provinces. The study provides a scientific basis for speeding up agricultural land transfer and realizing moderate large-scale operation,and sets forth corresponding recommendations on this basis.
文摘Transcription factor forkhead box P3(Foxp3)+regulatory T(Treg)cells are receiving increasing attention because this unique subset of T cells is characterized by exerting negative regulatory function of cellular immune responses.The resultant suppression of anti-tumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment(TME)is regarded as a major obstacle to immunotherapies in a plethora of cancers.Thus,an integrated understanding of the intrinsic correlation between tumors and Treg cell biology is urgently required.This review focuses on the peculiar biochemical effects of tumor metabolic environments on Tregs and how Tregs orchestrate internal metabolic switches and altered metabolic pathways and molecules to survive and function after the remodeling of homeostasis and specialization,providing new directions for immunotherapies.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1404800,and 2019YFA0705000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12174280,12204340,12192254,11974218,92250304,and 92050202)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M722325)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KJS2138)。
文摘Vortex beams with orbital angular momentum play a crucial role in increasing the information capacity in optical communications.The magnitude of orbital angular momentum determines the ability of information encoding.In practice,a vortex beam can encounter random objects or turbulence during free-space propagation,resulting in information damage.Therefore,accurately measuring the orbital angular momentum of a randomly fluctuated and obstructed vortex beam is a considerable challenge.Herein,we propose a single-shot method for the phase retrieval of a randomly fluctuated and obstructed vortex beam by combining the phase-shift theorem and self-reference holography.Experimental results reveal that the sign and magnitude of the initial orbital angular momentum can be simultaneously determined based on their quantitative relation with the number of coherence singularities on the observation plane,thus addressing the effects of random occlusion and atmospheric turbulence.The proposed method considerably improved the accurate decoding of orbital angular momentum information in nonideal freespace optical communications.
基金supported by China Anti-Cancer Association(CACA).
文摘Prostate cancer(PC)is an epithelial malignancy occurring in the prostate.PC ranks second in incidence among all male malignancies globally by the latest statistics from the World Health Organization.Notably,China has seen a more rapid increase in PC incidence compared to developed European and American nations.By 2022,the newly reported cases and deaths due to PC in China increased to 134,200 and 47,500,respectively.Thus,early diagnosis and stand-ardized treatment for prostate cancer in China remain far-reaching objectives.Burgeoning research on advanced PC and castration-resistant prostate cancer in recent years have paved the way for a new era of integrated treatment methods including novel endocrine drugs,chemotherapy,targeted therapy,and immunotherapy.Future therapies involve precision treatment guided by genetic testing and individualized integrated treatment as part of a multi-disciplinary integrated diagnosis and treatment model for PC.The Genitourinary Oncology Committee of theCACA guidelines for holistic integrative management of prostate cancer China Anti-Cancer Association(CACA-GU)has invited multidisciplinary experts across fields including surgery,oncology,pathology,radiology,herbal medicine,physiatry,and psychology to collaboratively write,discuss,and revise guide-lines on managing PC.The CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Prostate Cancer includes epide-miology,screening and diagnosis,treatment for localized PC,diagnosis and treatment of PC recurrence after radical prostatectomy,management of metastatic PC,traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment of PC,and reha-bilitation from PC.This guideline aims to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment management of PC in China.It is more aligned with China’s clinical practice,highlights Chinese characteristics,and bears significant clinical importance.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21805219,51521001)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0202603)+1 种基金the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(B17034)the Yellow Crane Talent(Science&Technology)Program of Wuhan City.
文摘Niobium pentoxide;Ion and electron transport;Mass loading;Areal capacity;Lithium-ion batteryNiobium pentoxide(Nb2 O5) has attracted great attention as an anode for lithium-ion battery, which is attributed to the high-rate and good stability performances. In this work, TT-, T-, M-, and H-Nb2 O5 microspheres were synthesized by a facile one-step thermal oxidation method. Ion and electron transport properties of Nb2 O5 with different phases were investigated by both electrochemical analyses and density functional theoretical calculations. Without nanostructuring and carbon modification, the tetragonal Nb2 O5(M-Nb2 O5) displays preferable rate capability(121 m Ah g^-1 at 5 A g^-1), enhanced reversible capacity(163 m Ah g^-1 at 0.2 A g^-1) and better cycling stability(82.3% capacity retention after 1000 cycles)when compared with TT-, T-, and H-Nb2 O5. Electrochemical analyses further reveal the diffusioncontrolled Li+intercalation kinetics and in-situ X-ray diffraction analysis indicates superior structural stability upon Li+intercalation/deintercalation. Benefiting from the intrinsic fast ion/electron transport, a high areal capacity of 2.24 m Ah cm^-2 is obtained even at an ultrahigh mass loading of 22.51 mg cm^-2.This work can promote the development of Nb2 O5 materials for high areal capacity and stable lithium storage towards practical applications.
文摘Background:LY01005(Goserelin acetate sustained-release microsphere injection)is a modified gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)agonist injected monthly.This phase III trial study aimed to evaluated the efficacy and safety of LY01005 in Chinese patients with prostate cancer.Methods:We conducted a randomized controlled,open-label,non-inferiority trial across 49 sites in China.This study included 290 patients with prostate cancer who received either LY01005 or goserelin implants every 28 days for three injections.The primary efficacy endpoints were the percentage of patients with testosterone suppression≤50 ng/dL at day 29 and the cumulative probability of testosterone≤50 ng/dL from day 29 to 85.Non-inferiority was prespecified at a margin of-10%.Secondary endpoints included significant castration(≤20 ng/dL),testosterone surge within 72 h following repeated dosing,and changes in luteinizing hormone,follicle-stimulating hormone,and prostate specific antigen levels.Results:On day 29,in the LY01005 and goserelin implant groups,testosterone concentrations fell below medical-castration levels in 99.3%(142/143)and 100%(140/140)of patients,respectively,with a difference of-0.7%(95%confidence interval[CI],-3.9%to 2.0%)between the two groups.The cumulative probabilities of maintaining castration from days 29 to 85 were 99.3%and 97.8%,respectively,with a between-group difference of 1.5%(95%CI,-1.3%to 4.4%).Both results met the criterion for non-inferiority.Secondary endpoints were similar between groups.Both treatments were well-tolerated.LY01005 was associated with fewer injection-site reactions than the goserelin implant(0%vs.1.4%[2/145]).Conclusion:LY01005 is as effective as goserelin implants in reducing testosterone to castration levels,with a similar safety profile.Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT04563936.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22005112, 22109048 and 21975089)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2021M691121)。
文摘Syngas is a clean energy carrier and a major industrial feedstock. In this paper, syngas was produced via biomass chemical looping gasification(CLG) process. Hematite, the most common Fe-based oxygen carrier(OC), was modified with different metal oxides(CeO_(2), CaO and MgO) by the impregnation method. The hematite modified by CeO_(2), CaO and MgO was namely as CeO_(2)-hematite(CeO_(2)-H), CaO-hematite(CaO-H) and MgO-hematite(MgO-H), respectively. The introduction of CeO_(2), CaO and MgO enhanced the reactivity of lattice oxygen of hematite. The optimum condition for syngas production had been explored as the mass ratio of oxygen carrier to biomass(O/B) of 0.2, the mass ratio of steam to biomass(S/B) of0.75 and temperature of 800℃in the biomass CLG process. The CeO_(2)-H exhibited the most wonderful performance compared to that for CaO-H and MgO-H. The crystal composition of OC influenced greatly in the CLG process. CeFeO_(3)had a good oxygen mobility property and lattice oxygen releasing capacity due to the most oxygen vacancy distributed on the OC surface and the most active lattice oxygen, which is conducive to the biomass chemical looping gasification process for syngas production, leading to the highest gasification efficiency of 95.86% and gas yield of 1.20 m^(3)/kg of the three. Cyclic test proved that CeO_(2)-H had well sintering resistance and cyclic performance.
基金The work was supported by Innovation Fund of Postgraduate of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(HUST)(No.HF-05-07-2007-261)the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2008FB006)HUST Brain Gain Fund(No.0124261002),China.
文摘Algal biofilmtechnology is a new and advanced wastewater treatment method.Experimental study on removing nitrogen and phosphorus from simulated wastewater using algal biofilm under the continuous light of 3500 Lux in the batch and continuous systems was carried out in this paper to assess the performance of algal biofilm in removing nutrients.The results showed that the effect of removing nitrogen and phosphorus by algal biofilm was remarkable in the batch system.The removal efficiencies of total phosphorus(TP),total nitrogen(TN),ammonianitrogen(NH_(3)-N),and chemical oxygen demand(COD)reached 98.17%,86.58%,91.88%,and 97.11%,respectively.In the continuous system,hydraulic retention time(HRT)of 4 days was adopted;the effects of removing TP,TN,NH_(3)-N,and COD by algal biofilm were very stable.During a run of 24 days,the removal efficiencies of TP,TN,NH_(3)-N,and COD reached 95.38%,83.93%,82.38%,and 92.31%,respectively.This study demonstrates the feasibility of removing nitrogen and phosphorus from simulated wastewater using algal biofilm.
