Background The poultry industry needs effective antibiotic alternatives to control outbreaks of necrotic enteritis(NE)caused by Clostridium perfringens.Methods The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of d...Background The poultry industry needs effective antibiotic alternatives to control outbreaks of necrotic enteritis(NE)caused by Clostridium perfringens.Methods The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Macleaya cordata extract(MCE)on the immune function and gut microbiota of broilers with NE.A total of 2881-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 2×2 factorial arrangement with two concentrations of dietary MCE supplementation(0 or 350 mg/kg of diet)and two disease challenge statuses(control or NE).Results The results revealed that NE significantly increased the feed conversion rate(FCR),mortality,intestinal lesion score,the levels of IL-1β,IL-17 and IFN-γ/IL-4 in serum and IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa,m RNA levels of TLR2,IFN-γand p Ig R in the jejunum,and Clostridium perfringens concentrations in the cecum.NE significantly decreased the body weight(BW),body weight gain(BWG),jejunal villus height,V/C,m RNA level of AMPK-α1 in jejunum,IL-4 level in the jejunal mucosa and lactic acid bacteria abundance in the cecum.MCE significantly increased BW,BWG,jejunal villus height,V/C,m RNA levels of occludin,ZO-1 and AMPK-α1 in the jejunum,the levels of Ig A and Ig G in serum and IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa and m RNA levels of NF-κB,IL-10 and MHC-II in the jejunum.Additionally,MCE significantly decreased the FCR,mortality,intestinal lesion score,jejunal crypt depth,the levels of IFN-γand IL-17 in serum and IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa,Clostridium perfringens concentrations in the cecum,and m RNA levels of IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunum.Moreover,NE significantly increased the abundance of bacteria that are associated with inflammation,obesity and depression(Alistipes,Barnesiella,Intestinimonas,RF39 and UCG-005)and significantly decreased the abundance of short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)-producing bacteria(Anaerotruncus,Butyricicoccus and Bacteroides)in the cecum.MCE significantly increased the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria(Streptococcus,Ruminococcus_torques_group and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group)and significantly reduced the abundance of bacteria that are associated with inflammation and obesity(Alistipes,Barnesiella and UCG-010)in the cecum.In the cecum of broilers with NE,the relative abundance of Barnesiella and Alistipes was higher and that of Lachnoclostridium and Shuttleworthia was lower.Interestingly,these trends were reversed by the addition of MCE to the diet.Spearman correlation analysis showed that Barnesiella and Alistipes were associated with enhanced intestinal inflammation and inhibited growth performance,whereas Lachnoclostridium and Shuttleworthia were associated with anti-inflammatory effects.Conclusions MCE ameliorated the loss of growth performance in broiler chickens with NE,probably by regulating the intestinal barrier,immune function,and gut microbiota.展开更多
In the eastern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB) in northeastern(NE) China, scattered outcrops of molasse deposits mark the ending of an orogeny and are crucial for understanding the evolution of the Paleo...In the eastern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB) in northeastern(NE) China, scattered outcrops of molasse deposits mark the ending of an orogeny and are crucial for understanding the evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean(PAO). However, the timing of tectonic events and the relationships among these strata remain controversial. To better constrain these geologic events, a comprehensive study of the detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry of the sandstones of the Kaishantun(KST) Formation and Kedao(KD) Group in eastern Jilin Province, NE China, was conducted. The KST Formation is traditionally considered a molasse deposit. The sandstones display low CIA, PIA and high ICV values and low Th/U and Rb/Sr ratios, which suggest that the rocks were derived from an immature intermediate-felsic igneous source and experienced a simple sedimentary recycling history with relatively weak chemical weathering. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of detrital zircons from two samples of the KST Formation yields ages of 748-252 Ma, suggesting that the KST Formation was deposited between 254.5 Ma and 252 Ma in Late Permian. The zircons were mainly derived from the continental northern part of the North China Craton(NCC). In contrast, the U-Pb dating of detrital zircons from five samples of the KD Group yields ages of 2611-230 Ma, suggesting that the KD samples were deposited in the Early to Middle Triassic(ca. 248-233 Ma). The detrital zircon ages for the KD samples can be divided into groups with peaks at 2.5 Ga, 1.8 Ga, 800-1000 Ma, 500 Ma and 440-360 Ma, which suggest that the samples were derived from bidirectional provenances in the Jiamusi-Khanka Block and the NCC. These new data,combined with previously published results, suggest that at least three orogenic events occurred in central-eastern Jilin Province during the Early Permian(270-262 Ma), Early Triassic(254-248 Ma) and Middle-Late Triassic(242-227 Ma). The final closure of the PAO occurred during 242-227 Ma in the Middle-Late Triassic along the Changchun-Yanji suture zone. The detrital zircon geochronological data clearly record plate convergence and the scissor-like closure of the PAO in the eastern CAOB.展开更多
As an effective solution for protecting the underlying permafrost and preventing roadway damages, the block-rock embankment(BRE) has been widely used on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway, Qinghai–Tibet Highway, and Ching–H...As an effective solution for protecting the underlying permafrost and preventing roadway damages, the block-rock embankment(BRE) has been widely used on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway, Qinghai–Tibet Highway, and Ching–Hong Road;and it will be promoted for other roadways in the future. To evaluate the adaptability of BRE, the catastrophe-progression method was adopted for the evaluation. By analyzing the factors affecting the stability of BRE and utilizing engineering experience, we were able to establish the mathematical model and divide the adaptability of BRE into five grades. After the verifying analysis of 28 practical engineering examples, the evaluation results are broadly in line with practical application effects. Therefore, the adaptability of BRE can be evaluated and predicted more accurately with this evaluation model.展开更多
Objective To develope a deep learning algorithm for pathological classification of chronic gastritis and assess its performance using whole-slide images(WSIs).Methods We retrospectively collected 1,250 gastric biopsy ...Objective To develope a deep learning algorithm for pathological classification of chronic gastritis and assess its performance using whole-slide images(WSIs).Methods We retrospectively collected 1,250 gastric biopsy specimens(1,128 gastritis,122 normal mucosa)from PLA General Hospital.The deep learning algorithm based on DeepLab v3(ResNet-50)architecture was trained and validated using 1,008 WSIs and 100 WSIs,respectively.The diagnostic performance of the algorithm was tested on an independent test set of 142 WSIs,with the pathologists’consensus diagnosis as the gold standard.Results The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were generated for chronic superficial gastritis(CSuG),chronic active gastritis(CAcG),and chronic atrophic gastritis(CAtG)in the test set,respectively.The areas under the ROC curves(AUCs)of the algorithm for CSuG,CAcG,and CAtG were 0.882,0.905 and 0.910,respectively.The sensitivity and specificity of the deep learning algorithm for the classification of CSuG,CAcG,and CAtG were 0.790 and 1.000(accuracy 0.880),0.985 and 0.829(accuracy 0.901),0.952 and 0.992(accuracy 0.986),respectively.The overall predicted accuracy for three different types of gastritis was 0.867.By flagging the suspicious regions identified by the algorithm in WSI,a more transparent and interpretable diagnosis can be generated.Conclusion The deep learning algorithm achieved high accuracy for chronic gastritis classification using WSIs.By pre-highlighting the different gastritis regions,it might be used as an auxiliary diagnostic tool to improve the work efficiency of pathologists.展开更多
Background:In China,cage systems with a high space utilization have gradually replaced ground litter systems,but the disease incidence of chickens in cages is higher.Broilers in the ground litter pens may be stimulate...Background:In China,cage systems with a high space utilization have gradually replaced ground litter systems,but the disease incidence of chickens in cages is higher.Broilers in the ground litter pens may be stimulated by more environmental microbes during the growth process and show strong immune function and status,but knowledge of which microbes and their metabolites play an immunomodulatory role is still limited.This study aimed to explore the differences and correlations in the immune function,gut microbiota and metabolites and the importance of gut microbiota of broilers raised in cages and ground litter pens.Methods:The experiment involved a 2×2 factorial arrangement,with rearing systems(cages or ground litter pens)and antibiotic treatment(with or without broad-spectrum antibiotics in drinking water)as factors.Results:The results showed that,compared with the cage group,the ground litter broilers had stronger nonspecific immune function(Macrophages%and NO in blood),humoral immune function(IgG in blood,LPS stimulation index in ileum)and cellular immune function(T%,Tc%,ConA stimulation index and cytokines in blood).Antibiotic(ABX)treat-ment significantly reduced nonspecific immune function(Macrophages%and NO in blood,iNOS and Mucin2 mRNA expression in ileum),humoral immune function(IgG in blood and sIgA in ileum)and cellular immune function(T%and cytokines in blood,Th and Tc ratio,TLRs and cytokines mRNA expression in ileum).Furthermore,the ground litter broil-ers had higherαdiversity of microbiota in ileum.The relative abundance of Staphylococcus,Jeotgalicoccus,Jeotgalibaca and Pediococcus in the ileum of ground litter broilers were higher.ABX treatment significantly reduced theαdiversity of ileal microbiota,with less Chloroplast and Mitochondria.In addition,the levels of acetic acid,isobutyric acid,kynurenic acid and allolithocholic acid in the ileum of ground litter broilers were higher.Spearman correlation analysis showed that Jeotgalibaca,Pediococcus,acetic acid,kynurenic acid and allolithocholic acid were related to the immune function.Conclusions:There were more potential pathogens,litter breeding bacteria,short-chain fatty acids,kynurenine,allolithocholic acid and tryptophan metabolites in the ileum of broilers in ground litter pens,which may be the reason for its stronger immune function and status.展开更多
Colloidal CdSe quantum dots(QDs)are promising materials for solar cells because of their simple preparation pro-cess and compatibility with flexible substrates.The QD radiative recombination lifetime has attracted eno...Colloidal CdSe quantum dots(QDs)are promising materials for solar cells because of their simple preparation pro-cess and compatibility with flexible substrates.The QD radiative recombination lifetime has attracted enormous attention as it affects the probability of photogenerated charges leaving the QDs and being collected at the battery electrodes.However,the scaling law for the exciton radiative lifetime in CdSe QDs is still a puzzle.This article presents a novel explanation that recon-ciles this controversy.Our calculations agree with the experimental measurements of all three divergent trends in a broadened energy window.Further,we proved that the exciton radiative lifetime is a consequence of the thermal average of decays for all thermally accessible exciton states.Each of the contradictory size-dependent patterns reflects this trend in a specific size range.As the optical band gap increases,the radiative lifetime decreases in larger QDs,increases in smaller QDs,and is weakly depend-ent on size in the intermediate energy region.This study addresses the inconsistencies in the scaling law of the exciton life-time and gives a unified interpretation over a widened framework.Moreover,it provides valuable guidance for carrier separa-tion in the thin film solar cell of CdSe QDs.展开更多
Ion sensitive field effect transistor(ISFET)devices are highly accurate,convenient,fast and low-cost in the detection of ions and biological macromolecules,such as DNA molecules,antibodies,enzymatic substrates and cel...Ion sensitive field effect transistor(ISFET)devices are highly accurate,convenient,fast and low-cost in the detection of ions and biological macromolecules,such as DNA molecules,antibodies,enzymatic substrates and cellular metabolites.For high-throughput cell metabolism detection,we successfully designed a very large-scale biomedical sensing application specific integrated circuit(ASIC)with a 640×640 ISFET array.The circuit design is highly integrated by compressing the size of a pixel to 7.4×7.4μm^(2)and arranging the layout of even and odd columns in an interdigital pattern to maximize the utilization of space.The chip can operate at a speed of 2.083M pixels/s and the dynamic process of the fluid flow on the surface of the array was monitored through ion imaging.The pH sensitivity is 33±4 mV/pH and the drift rate is 0.06 mV/min after 5 h,indicating the stability and robustness of the chip.Moreover,the chip was applied to monitor pH changes in CaSki cells metabolism,with pH shifting from 8.04 to 7.40 on average.This platform has the potential for continuous and parallel monitoring of cell metabolism in single-cell culture arrays.展开更多
The village of Wengding,ancestral home of the Wa ethnic group,considered as China’s last primitive tribe,suf-fered near-complete extinction due to a fire incident in 2021.Historical records indicate that stilt-style ...The village of Wengding,ancestral home of the Wa ethnic group,considered as China’s last primitive tribe,suf-fered near-complete extinction due to a fire incident in 2021.Historical records indicate that stilt-style buildings,also in Wengding,are highly susceptible to fire.Nevertheless,this has not hindered the long-term existence of these distinctive architectural forms.This study analyses the reasons for the sustained existence of the traditional building forms in Wengding,from the perspective of resilience.The findings indicate that the requirements of the traditional nomadic civilization for rapid construction of dwellings,the communal consciousness toward dis-aster resistance,and the implementation of spatially oriented fire protection measures collectively account for the swift recovery and reconstruction observed in Wengding village after the disaster.These aspects are tangible manifestations of the capacity of the village for resilience.Overall,resilience is essential for the sustainability of such traditional villages in the long term.展开更多
The original formula of Bell inequality（BI） in terms of two-spin singlet has to be modified for the entangled-state with parallel spin polarization. Based on classical statistics of the particle-number correlation, ...The original formula of Bell inequality（BI） in terms of two-spin singlet has to be modified for the entangled-state with parallel spin polarization. Based on classical statistics of the particle-number correlation, we prove in this paper an extended BI, which is valid for two-spin entangled states with both parallel and antiparallel polarizations. The BI and its violation can be formulated in a unified formalism based on the spin coherent-state quantum probability statistics with the statedensity operator, which is separated to the local and non-local parts. The local part gives rise to the BI, while the violation is a direct result of the non-local quantum interference between two components of entangled state. The Bell measuring outcome correlation denoted by PB is always less than or at most equal to one for the local realistic model（PB^lc≤ 1）regardless of the specific superposition coefficients of entangled state. Including the non-local quantum interference the maximum violation of BI is found as PB^max =2, which, however depends on state parameters and three measuring directions as well. Our result is suitable for entangled photon pairs.展开更多
Tunneling-based static random-access memory(SRAM)devices have been developed to fulfill the demands of high density and low power,and the performance of SRAMs has also been greatly promoted.However,for a long time,the...Tunneling-based static random-access memory(SRAM)devices have been developed to fulfill the demands of high density and low power,and the performance of SRAMs has also been greatly promoted.However,for a long time,there has not been a silicon based tunneling device with both high peak valley current ratio(PVCR)and practicality,which remains a gap to be filled.Based on the existing work,the current manuscript proposed the concept of a new silicon-based tunneling device,i.e.,the silicon crosscoupled gated tunneling diode(Si XTD),which is quite simple in structure and almost completely compatible with mainstream technology.With technology computer aided design(TCAD)simulations,it has been validated that this type of device not only exhibits significant negative-differential-resistance(NDR)behavior with PVCRs up to 10^(6),but also possesses reasonable process margins.Moreover,SPICE simulation showed the great potential of such devices to achieve ultralow-power tunneling-based SRAMs with standby power down to 10^(−12)W.展开更多
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of glycerol monolaurate(GML)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced immunological stress and intestinal mucosal injury in broilers and its underlying mechanisms.A total o...This study was conducted to investigate the effects of glycerol monolaurate(GML)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced immunological stress and intestinal mucosal injury in broilers and its underlying mechanisms.A total of 144 one-d-old Arbor Acres broilers were allocated to a 22 factorial arrangement involving dietary treatment(0 or 1,200 mg/kg dietary GML)and LPS challenge(injected with saline or Escherichia coli LPS on d 16,18,and 20).Samples were collected on d 21.The results revealed that dietary GML augmented serum immunoglobulin A(P=0.009)and immunoglobulin G(P<0.001)levels in challenged birds.Dietary GML normalized LPS-induced variations in serum interleukin-6,interferongamma,and LPS levels(P<0.05),jejunal villus height(P=0.030),and gene expression of interleukin-6,macrophage inflammatory protein-3 alpha,Toll-like receptor 4,nuclear factor kappa-B,caspase-1,tight junction proteins,adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha 1(AMPKa1),nuclear factorerythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),and superoxide dismutase-1(P<0.05).GML supplementation ameliorated LPS-induced peroxidation by reducing malondialdehyde content and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity(P<0.05).Dietary GML enhanced the abundances of Anaerostipes,Pseudoflavonifractor,and Gordonibacter and reduced the proportion of Phascolarctobacterium in challenged birds.Dietary GML was positively correlated with alterations in antioxidant enzyme activities and AMPKa1,Nrf2,and zonula occludens-1 expressions.The genera Anaerostipes,Lachnospira,Gordonibacter,Lachnospira,Marvinbryantia,Peptococcus,and Pseudoflavonifractor were linked to attenuated inflammation and improved antioxidant capacity of challenged birds.In conclusion,dietary GML alleviated LPS-induced immunological stress and intestinal injury of broilers by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress.Dietary GML regulated cecal microbiota and activated the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway in LPS-challenged broilers.展开更多
Abstract Hot deformation characteristic of superaustenitic stainless steel 254SMO has been studied by isothermal compression testing in the temperature range of 950-1,200 ℃ and strain rate range of 0.01-10 s^-1. The ...Abstract Hot deformation characteristic of superaustenitic stainless steel 254SMO has been studied by isothermal compression testing in the temperature range of 950-1,200 ℃ and strain rate range of 0.01-10 s^-1. The activation energy of 496 kJ/mol was calculated by a hyperbolic-sine type equation over the entire range of strain rates and temperatures. In order to obtain optimum hot working conditions, processing maps consisting of power dissipation map and instability map were constructed at different strains. The power dissipation map exhibits two domains with relatively high efficiencies of power dissipation. The first domain occurs in the temperature range of 990-1,070 ~C and the strain rate range of 0.01-0.1 s^-1. Microstructure observation in this domain indicates the partial dynamic recrystallization （DRX） accompanied with precipitation of tetragonal sigma phase. The second domain occurs in the temperature range of 1,140-1,200 ℃ and the strain rate range of 0.01-1 s^-1 with a peak efficiency of power dissipation of 39%, and in this domain, the microstructure observation reveals the full DRX. The instability map shows that flow instability occurs at the temperatures below 1,140 ℃ and the strain rates above 0.1 s^-1.展开更多
Semiconducting monolayer （ML） blue phosphorene （BlueP） shares similar stability with ML black phosphorene （BP）, and it has recently been grown on an Au surface. Potential ML BlueP devices often require direct co...Semiconducting monolayer （ML） blue phosphorene （BlueP） shares similar stability with ML black phosphorene （BP）, and it has recently been grown on an Au surface. Potential ML BlueP devices often require direct contact with metal to enable the injection of carriers. Using ab initio electronic structure calculations and quantum transport simulations, for the first time, we perform a systematic study of the interfacial properties of ML BlueP in contact with metals spanning a wide work function range in a field effect transistor （FET） configuration. ML BlueP has undergone metallization owing to strong interaction with five metals. There is a strong Fermi level pinning （FLP） in the ML BlueP FETs due to the metal-induced gap states （MIGS） with a pinning factor of 0.42. ML BlueP forms n-type Schottky contact with Sc, Ag, and Pt electrodes with electron Schottky barrier heights （SBHs） of 0.22, 0.22, and 0.80 eV, respectively, and p-type Schottky contact with Au and Pd electrodes with hole SBHs of 0.61 and 0.79 eV, respectively. The MIGS are eliminated by inserting graphene between ML BlueP and the metal electrode, accompanied by a transition from a strong FLP to a weak FLP. Our study not only provides insight into the ML BlueP-metal interfaces, but also helps in the design of ML BlueP devices.展开更多
Currently,there is no effective drugs for treating clinically COVID-19 except dexamethasone.We previously revealed that human identical sequences of SARS-CoV-2 promote the COVID-19 progression by upregulating hyaluron...Currently,there is no effective drugs for treating clinically COVID-19 except dexamethasone.We previously revealed that human identical sequences of SARS-CoV-2 promote the COVID-19 progression by upregulating hyaluronic acid(HA).As the inhibitor of HA synthesis,hymecromone is an approved prescription drug used for treating biliary spasm.Here,we aimed to investigate the relation between HA and COVID-19,and evaluate the therapeutic effects of hymecromone on COVID-19.Firstly,HA was closely relevant to clinical parameters,including lymphocytes(n=158;r=−0.50;P<0.0001),C-reactive protein(n=156;r=0.55;P<0.0001),D-dimer(n=154;r=0.38;P<0.0001),and fibrinogen(n=152;r=0.37;P<0.0001),as well as the mass(n=78;r=0.43;P<0.0001)and volume(n=78;r=0.41;P=0.0002)of ground-glass opacity,the mass(n=78;r=0.48;P<0.0001)and volume(n=78;r=0.47;P<0.0001)of consolidation in patient with low level of hyaluronan(HA<48.43 ng/mL).Furthermore,hyaluronan could directly cause mouse pulmonary lesions.Besides,hymecromone remarkably reduced HA via downregulating HAS2/HAS3 expression.Moreover,89%patients with hymecromone treatment had pulmonary lesion absorption while only 42%patients in control group had pulmonary lesion absorption(P<0.0001).In addition,lymphocytes recovered more quickly in hymecromone-treated patients(n=8)than control group(n=5)(P<0.05).These findings suggest that hymecromone is a promising drug for COVID-19 and deserves our further efforts to determine its effect in a larger cohort.展开更多
Medium-chain fatty acids and their derivatives are natural ingredients that support immunological functions in animals.The effects of glycerol monolaurate(GML)on intestinal innate immunity and associated molecular mec...Medium-chain fatty acids and their derivatives are natural ingredients that support immunological functions in animals.The effects of glycerol monolaurate(GML)on intestinal innate immunity and associated molecular mechanisms were investigated using a chicken embryo model.Sixty-four Arbor Acres broiler embryos were randomly allocated into four groups.On embryonic day 17.5,the broiler embryos were administered with 9 mg of GML,which was followed by a 12-h incubation period and a12-h challenge with 32μg of lipopolysaccharide(LPS).On embryonic day 18.5,the jejunum and ileum were harvested.Results indicated that GML reversed the LPS-induced decline in villus height and upregulated the expression of mucin 2(P<0.05).GML decreased LPS-induced malondialdehyde production and boosted antioxidant enzyme activity(P<0.05).GML alleviated LPS-stimulated intestinal secretion of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a)(P<0.05).GML also normalized LPS-induced changes in the gene expression of Toll-like receptor 4,nuclear factor kappa-B p65(NF-κB p65),cyclooxygenase-2,NOD-like receptor protein 3,IL-18,zonula occludens 1,and occludin(P<0.05).GML enhanced as well the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase a1 and claudin 1(P<0.05).In conclusion,GML improved intestinal morphology and antioxidant status by alleviating inflammatory responses and modulating NF-κB signaling in LPS-challenged broiler embryos.展开更多
Rare earth orthoferrites(RFeO3,R=Y,Gd,Sm,Nd)have recently attracted much attention due to their novel magnetic and electrical properties such as magneto-electrics,magneto-dielectrics.and magneto-optics[1-3].The comple...Rare earth orthoferrites(RFeO3,R=Y,Gd,Sm,Nd)have recently attracted much attention due to their novel magnetic and electrical properties such as magneto-electrics,magneto-dielectrics.and magneto-optics[1-3].The complex interactions between the two sublattices of R^3+and Fe^3+in RFeO3 provide the feasibility of control-ling spins in these solids,which makes them promising candidates for the spintronics[4].展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272910)the Shandong Provincial Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talent(SDBX2021013)the Shandong Province Agricultural Industry Technology(SDAIT-11-08)。
文摘Background The poultry industry needs effective antibiotic alternatives to control outbreaks of necrotic enteritis(NE)caused by Clostridium perfringens.Methods The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Macleaya cordata extract(MCE)on the immune function and gut microbiota of broilers with NE.A total of 2881-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 2×2 factorial arrangement with two concentrations of dietary MCE supplementation(0 or 350 mg/kg of diet)and two disease challenge statuses(control or NE).Results The results revealed that NE significantly increased the feed conversion rate(FCR),mortality,intestinal lesion score,the levels of IL-1β,IL-17 and IFN-γ/IL-4 in serum and IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa,m RNA levels of TLR2,IFN-γand p Ig R in the jejunum,and Clostridium perfringens concentrations in the cecum.NE significantly decreased the body weight(BW),body weight gain(BWG),jejunal villus height,V/C,m RNA level of AMPK-α1 in jejunum,IL-4 level in the jejunal mucosa and lactic acid bacteria abundance in the cecum.MCE significantly increased BW,BWG,jejunal villus height,V/C,m RNA levels of occludin,ZO-1 and AMPK-α1 in the jejunum,the levels of Ig A and Ig G in serum and IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa and m RNA levels of NF-κB,IL-10 and MHC-II in the jejunum.Additionally,MCE significantly decreased the FCR,mortality,intestinal lesion score,jejunal crypt depth,the levels of IFN-γand IL-17 in serum and IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa,Clostridium perfringens concentrations in the cecum,and m RNA levels of IL-17/IL-10 in the jejunum.Moreover,NE significantly increased the abundance of bacteria that are associated with inflammation,obesity and depression(Alistipes,Barnesiella,Intestinimonas,RF39 and UCG-005)and significantly decreased the abundance of short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)-producing bacteria(Anaerotruncus,Butyricicoccus and Bacteroides)in the cecum.MCE significantly increased the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria(Streptococcus,Ruminococcus_torques_group and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group)and significantly reduced the abundance of bacteria that are associated with inflammation and obesity(Alistipes,Barnesiella and UCG-010)in the cecum.In the cecum of broilers with NE,the relative abundance of Barnesiella and Alistipes was higher and that of Lachnoclostridium and Shuttleworthia was lower.Interestingly,these trends were reversed by the addition of MCE to the diet.Spearman correlation analysis showed that Barnesiella and Alistipes were associated with enhanced intestinal inflammation and inhibited growth performance,whereas Lachnoclostridium and Shuttleworthia were associated with anti-inflammatory effects.Conclusions MCE ameliorated the loss of growth performance in broiler chickens with NE,probably by regulating the intestinal barrier,immune function,and gut microbiota.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41602110, 41372108 and 41502064)the Taishan Scholar Talent Team Support Plan for Advantaged & Unique Discipline Areas+3 种基金the Qingdao Postdoctoral Applied Research Project (Grant No. 2015193)the Scientific Research Foundation of Shandong University of Science and Technology for Recruited Talents (Grant No. 2017RCJJ029)the SDUST Research Fund (Grant No. 2015TDJH101)Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects of Shandong province (Grants Nos. 2017CXGC1602 and 2017CXGC1603)
文摘In the eastern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB) in northeastern(NE) China, scattered outcrops of molasse deposits mark the ending of an orogeny and are crucial for understanding the evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean(PAO). However, the timing of tectonic events and the relationships among these strata remain controversial. To better constrain these geologic events, a comprehensive study of the detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry of the sandstones of the Kaishantun(KST) Formation and Kedao(KD) Group in eastern Jilin Province, NE China, was conducted. The KST Formation is traditionally considered a molasse deposit. The sandstones display low CIA, PIA and high ICV values and low Th/U and Rb/Sr ratios, which suggest that the rocks were derived from an immature intermediate-felsic igneous source and experienced a simple sedimentary recycling history with relatively weak chemical weathering. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of detrital zircons from two samples of the KST Formation yields ages of 748-252 Ma, suggesting that the KST Formation was deposited between 254.5 Ma and 252 Ma in Late Permian. The zircons were mainly derived from the continental northern part of the North China Craton(NCC). In contrast, the U-Pb dating of detrital zircons from five samples of the KD Group yields ages of 2611-230 Ma, suggesting that the KD samples were deposited in the Early to Middle Triassic(ca. 248-233 Ma). The detrital zircon ages for the KD samples can be divided into groups with peaks at 2.5 Ga, 1.8 Ga, 800-1000 Ma, 500 Ma and 440-360 Ma, which suggest that the samples were derived from bidirectional provenances in the Jiamusi-Khanka Block and the NCC. These new data,combined with previously published results, suggest that at least three orogenic events occurred in central-eastern Jilin Province during the Early Permian(270-262 Ma), Early Triassic(254-248 Ma) and Middle-Late Triassic(242-227 Ma). The final closure of the PAO occurred during 242-227 Ma in the Middle-Late Triassic along the Changchun-Yanji suture zone. The detrital zircon geochronological data clearly record plate convergence and the scissor-like closure of the PAO in the eastern CAOB.
文摘As an effective solution for protecting the underlying permafrost and preventing roadway damages, the block-rock embankment(BRE) has been widely used on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway, Qinghai–Tibet Highway, and Ching–Hong Road;and it will be promoted for other roadways in the future. To evaluate the adaptability of BRE, the catastrophe-progression method was adopted for the evaluation. By analyzing the factors affecting the stability of BRE and utilizing engineering experience, we were able to establish the mathematical model and divide the adaptability of BRE into five grades. After the verifying analysis of 28 practical engineering examples, the evaluation results are broadly in line with practical application effects. Therefore, the adaptability of BRE can be evaluated and predicted more accurately with this evaluation model.
文摘Objective To develope a deep learning algorithm for pathological classification of chronic gastritis and assess its performance using whole-slide images(WSIs).Methods We retrospectively collected 1,250 gastric biopsy specimens(1,128 gastritis,122 normal mucosa)from PLA General Hospital.The deep learning algorithm based on DeepLab v3(ResNet-50)architecture was trained and validated using 1,008 WSIs and 100 WSIs,respectively.The diagnostic performance of the algorithm was tested on an independent test set of 142 WSIs,with the pathologists’consensus diagnosis as the gold standard.Results The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were generated for chronic superficial gastritis(CSuG),chronic active gastritis(CAcG),and chronic atrophic gastritis(CAtG)in the test set,respectively.The areas under the ROC curves(AUCs)of the algorithm for CSuG,CAcG,and CAtG were 0.882,0.905 and 0.910,respectively.The sensitivity and specificity of the deep learning algorithm for the classification of CSuG,CAcG,and CAtG were 0.790 and 1.000(accuracy 0.880),0.985 and 0.829(accuracy 0.901),0.952 and 0.992(accuracy 0.986),respectively.The overall predicted accuracy for three different types of gastritis was 0.867.By flagging the suspicious regions identified by the algorithm in WSI,a more transparent and interpretable diagnosis can be generated.Conclusion The deep learning algorithm achieved high accuracy for chronic gastritis classification using WSIs.By pre-highlighting the different gastritis regions,it might be used as an auxiliary diagnostic tool to improve the work efficiency of pathologists.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System program(CARS-41-G11)the Shandong Provincial Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talent(SDBX2021013)the Starting Research Fund from the Shandong Agricultural University(76616).
文摘Background:In China,cage systems with a high space utilization have gradually replaced ground litter systems,but the disease incidence of chickens in cages is higher.Broilers in the ground litter pens may be stimulated by more environmental microbes during the growth process and show strong immune function and status,but knowledge of which microbes and their metabolites play an immunomodulatory role is still limited.This study aimed to explore the differences and correlations in the immune function,gut microbiota and metabolites and the importance of gut microbiota of broilers raised in cages and ground litter pens.Methods:The experiment involved a 2×2 factorial arrangement,with rearing systems(cages or ground litter pens)and antibiotic treatment(with or without broad-spectrum antibiotics in drinking water)as factors.Results:The results showed that,compared with the cage group,the ground litter broilers had stronger nonspecific immune function(Macrophages%and NO in blood),humoral immune function(IgG in blood,LPS stimulation index in ileum)and cellular immune function(T%,Tc%,ConA stimulation index and cytokines in blood).Antibiotic(ABX)treat-ment significantly reduced nonspecific immune function(Macrophages%and NO in blood,iNOS and Mucin2 mRNA expression in ileum),humoral immune function(IgG in blood and sIgA in ileum)and cellular immune function(T%and cytokines in blood,Th and Tc ratio,TLRs and cytokines mRNA expression in ileum).Furthermore,the ground litter broil-ers had higherαdiversity of microbiota in ileum.The relative abundance of Staphylococcus,Jeotgalicoccus,Jeotgalibaca and Pediococcus in the ileum of ground litter broilers were higher.ABX treatment significantly reduced theαdiversity of ileal microbiota,with less Chloroplast and Mitochondria.In addition,the levels of acetic acid,isobutyric acid,kynurenic acid and allolithocholic acid in the ileum of ground litter broilers were higher.Spearman correlation analysis showed that Jeotgalibaca,Pediococcus,acetic acid,kynurenic acid and allolithocholic acid were related to the immune function.Conclusions:There were more potential pathogens,litter breeding bacteria,short-chain fatty acids,kynurenine,allolithocholic acid and tryptophan metabolites in the ileum of broilers in ground litter pens,which may be the reason for its stronger immune function and status.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2021YFB2800304.
文摘Colloidal CdSe quantum dots(QDs)are promising materials for solar cells because of their simple preparation pro-cess and compatibility with flexible substrates.The QD radiative recombination lifetime has attracted enormous attention as it affects the probability of photogenerated charges leaving the QDs and being collected at the battery electrodes.However,the scaling law for the exciton radiative lifetime in CdSe QDs is still a puzzle.This article presents a novel explanation that recon-ciles this controversy.Our calculations agree with the experimental measurements of all three divergent trends in a broadened energy window.Further,we proved that the exciton radiative lifetime is a consequence of the thermal average of decays for all thermally accessible exciton states.Each of the contradictory size-dependent patterns reflects this trend in a specific size range.As the optical band gap increases,the radiative lifetime decreases in larger QDs,increases in smaller QDs,and is weakly depend-ent on size in the intermediate energy region.This study addresses the inconsistencies in the scaling law of the exciton life-time and gives a unified interpretation over a widened framework.Moreover,it provides valuable guidance for carrier separa-tion in the thin film solar cell of CdSe QDs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFC2401001).
文摘Ion sensitive field effect transistor(ISFET)devices are highly accurate,convenient,fast and low-cost in the detection of ions and biological macromolecules,such as DNA molecules,antibodies,enzymatic substrates and cellular metabolites.For high-throughput cell metabolism detection,we successfully designed a very large-scale biomedical sensing application specific integrated circuit(ASIC)with a 640×640 ISFET array.The circuit design is highly integrated by compressing the size of a pixel to 7.4×7.4μm^(2)and arranging the layout of even and odd columns in an interdigital pattern to maximize the utilization of space.The chip can operate at a speed of 2.083M pixels/s and the dynamic process of the fluid flow on the surface of the array was monitored through ion imaging.The pH sensitivity is 33±4 mV/pH and the drift rate is 0.06 mV/min after 5 h,indicating the stability and robustness of the chip.Moreover,the chip was applied to monitor pH changes in CaSki cells metabolism,with pH shifting from 8.04 to 7.40 on average.This platform has the potential for continuous and parallel monitoring of cell metabolism in single-cell culture arrays.
文摘The village of Wengding,ancestral home of the Wa ethnic group,considered as China’s last primitive tribe,suf-fered near-complete extinction due to a fire incident in 2021.Historical records indicate that stilt-style buildings,also in Wengding,are highly susceptible to fire.Nevertheless,this has not hindered the long-term existence of these distinctive architectural forms.This study analyses the reasons for the sustained existence of the traditional building forms in Wengding,from the perspective of resilience.The findings indicate that the requirements of the traditional nomadic civilization for rapid construction of dwellings,the communal consciousness toward dis-aster resistance,and the implementation of spatially oriented fire protection measures collectively account for the swift recovery and reconstruction observed in Wengding village after the disaster.These aspects are tangible manifestations of the capacity of the village for resilience.Overall,resilience is essential for the sustainability of such traditional villages in the long term.
基金Project supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11275118 and U1330201)
文摘The original formula of Bell inequality（BI） in terms of two-spin singlet has to be modified for the entangled-state with parallel spin polarization. Based on classical statistics of the particle-number correlation, we prove in this paper an extended BI, which is valid for two-spin entangled states with both parallel and antiparallel polarizations. The BI and its violation can be formulated in a unified formalism based on the spin coherent-state quantum probability statistics with the statedensity operator, which is separated to the local and non-local parts. The local part gives rise to the BI, while the violation is a direct result of the non-local quantum interference between two components of entangled state. The Bell measuring outcome correlation denoted by PB is always less than or at most equal to one for the local realistic model（PB^lc≤ 1）regardless of the specific superposition coefficients of entangled state. Including the non-local quantum interference the maximum violation of BI is found as PB^max =2, which, however depends on state parameters and three measuring directions as well. Our result is suitable for entangled photon pairs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2021YFB2800304.
文摘Tunneling-based static random-access memory(SRAM)devices have been developed to fulfill the demands of high density and low power,and the performance of SRAMs has also been greatly promoted.However,for a long time,there has not been a silicon based tunneling device with both high peak valley current ratio(PVCR)and practicality,which remains a gap to be filled.Based on the existing work,the current manuscript proposed the concept of a new silicon-based tunneling device,i.e.,the silicon crosscoupled gated tunneling diode(Si XTD),which is quite simple in structure and almost completely compatible with mainstream technology.With technology computer aided design(TCAD)simulations,it has been validated that this type of device not only exhibits significant negative-differential-resistance(NDR)behavior with PVCRs up to 10^(6),but also possesses reasonable process margins.Moreover,SPICE simulation showed the great potential of such devices to achieve ultralow-power tunneling-based SRAMs with standby power down to 10^(−12)W.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020MC170)the Shandong Province Agricultural Industry Technology(SDAIT-11-08).
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the effects of glycerol monolaurate(GML)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced immunological stress and intestinal mucosal injury in broilers and its underlying mechanisms.A total of 144 one-d-old Arbor Acres broilers were allocated to a 22 factorial arrangement involving dietary treatment(0 or 1,200 mg/kg dietary GML)and LPS challenge(injected with saline or Escherichia coli LPS on d 16,18,and 20).Samples were collected on d 21.The results revealed that dietary GML augmented serum immunoglobulin A(P=0.009)and immunoglobulin G(P<0.001)levels in challenged birds.Dietary GML normalized LPS-induced variations in serum interleukin-6,interferongamma,and LPS levels(P<0.05),jejunal villus height(P=0.030),and gene expression of interleukin-6,macrophage inflammatory protein-3 alpha,Toll-like receptor 4,nuclear factor kappa-B,caspase-1,tight junction proteins,adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha 1(AMPKa1),nuclear factorerythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),and superoxide dismutase-1(P<0.05).GML supplementation ameliorated LPS-induced peroxidation by reducing malondialdehyde content and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity(P<0.05).Dietary GML enhanced the abundances of Anaerostipes,Pseudoflavonifractor,and Gordonibacter and reduced the proportion of Phascolarctobacterium in challenged birds.Dietary GML was positively correlated with alterations in antioxidant enzyme activities and AMPKa1,Nrf2,and zonula occludens-1 expressions.The genera Anaerostipes,Lachnospira,Gordonibacter,Lachnospira,Marvinbryantia,Peptococcus,and Pseudoflavonifractor were linked to attenuated inflammation and improved antioxidant capacity of challenged birds.In conclusion,dietary GML alleviated LPS-induced immunological stress and intestinal injury of broilers by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress.Dietary GML regulated cecal microbiota and activated the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway in LPS-challenged broilers.
文摘Abstract Hot deformation characteristic of superaustenitic stainless steel 254SMO has been studied by isothermal compression testing in the temperature range of 950-1,200 ℃ and strain rate range of 0.01-10 s^-1. The activation energy of 496 kJ/mol was calculated by a hyperbolic-sine type equation over the entire range of strain rates and temperatures. In order to obtain optimum hot working conditions, processing maps consisting of power dissipation map and instability map were constructed at different strains. The power dissipation map exhibits two domains with relatively high efficiencies of power dissipation. The first domain occurs in the temperature range of 990-1,070 ~C and the strain rate range of 0.01-0.1 s^-1. Microstructure observation in this domain indicates the partial dynamic recrystallization （DRX） accompanied with precipitation of tetragonal sigma phase. The second domain occurs in the temperature range of 1,140-1,200 ℃ and the strain rate range of 0.01-1 s^-1 with a peak efficiency of power dissipation of 39%, and in this domain, the microstructure observation reveals the full DRX. The instability map shows that flow instability occurs at the temperatures below 1,140 ℃ and the strain rates above 0.1 s^-1.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 11274016, 11474012, 11674005, 11274233, and 11664026）, the National Basic Research Program of China （Nos. 2013CB932604 and 2012CB619304）, Ministry of Science and Technology （National Materials Genome Project） of China （Nos. 2016YFA0301300 and 2016YFB0700600）, and Foundation of Henan Educational Committee （No. 17A430026）.
文摘Semiconducting monolayer （ML） blue phosphorene （BlueP） shares similar stability with ML black phosphorene （BP）, and it has recently been grown on an Au surface. Potential ML BlueP devices often require direct contact with metal to enable the injection of carriers. Using ab initio electronic structure calculations and quantum transport simulations, for the first time, we perform a systematic study of the interfacial properties of ML BlueP in contact with metals spanning a wide work function range in a field effect transistor （FET） configuration. ML BlueP has undergone metallization owing to strong interaction with five metals. There is a strong Fermi level pinning （FLP） in the ML BlueP FETs due to the metal-induced gap states （MIGS） with a pinning factor of 0.42. ML BlueP forms n-type Schottky contact with Sc, Ag, and Pt electrodes with electron Schottky barrier heights （SBHs） of 0.22, 0.22, and 0.80 eV, respectively, and p-type Schottky contact with Au and Pd electrodes with hole SBHs of 0.61 and 0.79 eV, respectively. The MIGS are eliminated by inserting graphene between ML BlueP and the metal electrode, accompanied by a transition from a strong FLP to a weak FLP. Our study not only provides insight into the ML BlueP-metal interfaces, but also helps in the design of ML BlueP devices.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1005004)Major Special Projects of Basic Research of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(18JC1411101)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872814,32000505)Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan,Medical Innovation Research Special Project(20Z11900900).
文摘Currently,there is no effective drugs for treating clinically COVID-19 except dexamethasone.We previously revealed that human identical sequences of SARS-CoV-2 promote the COVID-19 progression by upregulating hyaluronic acid(HA).As the inhibitor of HA synthesis,hymecromone is an approved prescription drug used for treating biliary spasm.Here,we aimed to investigate the relation between HA and COVID-19,and evaluate the therapeutic effects of hymecromone on COVID-19.Firstly,HA was closely relevant to clinical parameters,including lymphocytes(n=158;r=−0.50;P<0.0001),C-reactive protein(n=156;r=0.55;P<0.0001),D-dimer(n=154;r=0.38;P<0.0001),and fibrinogen(n=152;r=0.37;P<0.0001),as well as the mass(n=78;r=0.43;P<0.0001)and volume(n=78;r=0.41;P=0.0002)of ground-glass opacity,the mass(n=78;r=0.48;P<0.0001)and volume(n=78;r=0.47;P<0.0001)of consolidation in patient with low level of hyaluronan(HA<48.43 ng/mL).Furthermore,hyaluronan could directly cause mouse pulmonary lesions.Besides,hymecromone remarkably reduced HA via downregulating HAS2/HAS3 expression.Moreover,89%patients with hymecromone treatment had pulmonary lesion absorption while only 42%patients in control group had pulmonary lesion absorption(P<0.0001).In addition,lymphocytes recovered more quickly in hymecromone-treated patients(n=8)than control group(n=5)(P<0.05).These findings suggest that hymecromone is a promising drug for COVID-19 and deserves our further efforts to determine its effect in a larger cohort.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272910)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020MC170).
文摘Medium-chain fatty acids and their derivatives are natural ingredients that support immunological functions in animals.The effects of glycerol monolaurate(GML)on intestinal innate immunity and associated molecular mechanisms were investigated using a chicken embryo model.Sixty-four Arbor Acres broiler embryos were randomly allocated into four groups.On embryonic day 17.5,the broiler embryos were administered with 9 mg of GML,which was followed by a 12-h incubation period and a12-h challenge with 32μg of lipopolysaccharide(LPS).On embryonic day 18.5,the jejunum and ileum were harvested.Results indicated that GML reversed the LPS-induced decline in villus height and upregulated the expression of mucin 2(P<0.05).GML decreased LPS-induced malondialdehyde production and boosted antioxidant enzyme activity(P<0.05).GML alleviated LPS-stimulated intestinal secretion of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a)(P<0.05).GML also normalized LPS-induced changes in the gene expression of Toll-like receptor 4,nuclear factor kappa-B p65(NF-κB p65),cyclooxygenase-2,NOD-like receptor protein 3,IL-18,zonula occludens 1,and occludin(P<0.05).GML enhanced as well the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase a1 and claudin 1(P<0.05).In conclusion,GML improved intestinal morphology and antioxidant status by alleviating inflammatory responses and modulating NF-κB signaling in LPS-challenged broiler embryos.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0700901,2017YFA0206303,2017YFA0206301 and 2017YFA0403701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51731001,11675006 and11805006)。
文摘Rare earth orthoferrites(RFeO3,R=Y,Gd,Sm,Nd)have recently attracted much attention due to their novel magnetic and electrical properties such as magneto-electrics,magneto-dielectrics.and magneto-optics[1-3].The complex interactions between the two sublattices of R^3+and Fe^3+in RFeO3 provide the feasibility of control-ling spins in these solids,which makes them promising candidates for the spintronics[4].
