BACKGROUND Primary liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide,with hepato-cellular carcinoma(HCC)being the most prevalent form.Despite the current availability of multiple immune or immune combination trea...BACKGROUND Primary liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide,with hepato-cellular carcinoma(HCC)being the most prevalent form.Despite the current availability of multiple immune or immune combination treatment options,the prognosis is still poor,so how to identify a more suitable population is extremely important.AIM To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of combining lenvatinib with camrelizumab for patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related HCC in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC)stages B/C,considering various body mass index(BMI)in diffe-rent categories.METHODS Retrospective data were collected from 126 HCC patients treated with lenvatinib plus camrelizumab.Patients were divided into two groups based on BMI:The non-overweight group(BMI<25 kg/m2,n=51)and the overweight/obese group(BMI≥25 kg/m2,n=75).Short-term prognosis was evaluated using mRECIST criteria,with subgroup analyses for non-overweight(BMI:18.5-24.9 kg/m2),overweight(BMI:25-30 kg/m2),and obese(BMI≥30 kg/m2)patients.A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis identified independent prognostic factors for overall survival(OS),leading to the development of a column-line graph model.with subgroup analyses for non-overweight(BMI:18.5-24.9 kg/m2),overweight(BMI:25-30 kg/m2),and obese(BMI≥30 kg/m2)patients.A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis identified independent prognostic factors for overall survival(OS),leading to the development of a column-line graph model.RESULTS Median progression-free survival was significantly longer in the obese/overweight group compared to the non-overweight group.Similarly,the median OS was significantly prolonged in the obese/overweight group than in the non-overweight group.The objective remission rate and disease control rate for the two groups of patients were,respectively,objective remission rate(5.88%vs 28.00%)and disease control rate(39.22%vs 62.67%).Fatigue was more prevalent in the obese/overweight group,while other adverse effects showed no statistically significant differences(P>0.05).Subgroup analysis based on BMI showed that obese and overweight patients had better progression-free survival and OS than non-overweight patients,with obese patients showing the best outcomes.Multifactorial regression analysis identified BCLC grade,alpha-fetoprotein level,portal vein tumor thrombosis,and BMI as independent prognostic factors for OS.The column-line graph model highlighted the importance of BMI as a major predictor of patient prognosis,followed by alpha-fetoprotein level,BCLC classification,and portal vein tumor thrombosis.CONCLUSION BMI is a long-term predictor of the efficacy of lenvatinib plus camrelizumab,and obese/overweight patients have a better prognosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Although the combination of lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitors has become the standard regimen for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),real data on the impact of baseline hepatitis B virus(H...BACKGROUND Although the combination of lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitors has become the standard regimen for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),real data on the impact of baseline hepatitis B virus(HBV)-DNA levels on the clinical efficacy of this regimen is still limited.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of camrelizumab combined with lenvatinib in patients with HCC at varying levels of HBV-DNA.METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HCC who received camrelizumab and lenvatinib treatment were categorized into two cohorts:HBV-DNA≤2000(n=66)and HBV-DNA>2000(n=54).The main outcomes measured were overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS),while additional outcomes included the rate of objective response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),and any negative events.Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed independent predictors of OS,leading to the creation of a nomogram incorporating these variables.RESULTS The median PFS was 8.32 months for the HBV-DNA≤2000 group,which was similar to the 7.80 months observed for the HBV DNA>2000 group(P=0.88).Likewise,there was no notable variation in the median OS between the two groups,with durations of 13.30 and 14.20 months respectively(P=0.14).The ORR and DCR were compared between the two groups,showing ORR of 19.70%vs 33.33%(P=0.09)and DCR of 72.73%vs 74.07%(P=0.87).The nomogram emphasized the importance of antiviral treatment as the main predictor of patient results,with portal vein tumor thrombus and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging following closely behind.CONCLUSION The clinical outcomes of patients with HBV-associated HCC treated with camrelizumab in combination with lenvatinib are not significantly affected by HBV viral load.展开更多
DEAR EDITOR,This research involved the study of 31 species from the spider family Mysmenidae Petrunkevitch,1928,found in the Gaoligong Mountains of China,including one new genus and 13 new species.Our results suggeste...DEAR EDITOR,This research involved the study of 31 species from the spider family Mysmenidae Petrunkevitch,1928,found in the Gaoligong Mountains of China,including one new genus and 13 new species.Our results suggested that regression of East Tethys contributed to the appearance of a center of biodiversity.The Tethys,a classical and hot topic in geology.It has undergone a succession of significant geodynamic transformations,transitioning from an ancient ocean to the current Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt.Notably,the East Tethys,serving as an invaluable lens through which to study continental geology and geodynamics,has played a pivotal role in triggering the major geological reconstructions of the entire Tethys(Pan et al.,1997).展开更多
Despite 250 years of taxonomic classification and over 1.2 million species already catalogued,known species diversity is only a small part of true species diversity on Earth,and thus,the known species are only the tip...Despite 250 years of taxonomic classification and over 1.2 million species already catalogued,known species diversity is only a small part of true species diversity on Earth,and thus,the known species are only the tip of iceberg.Here,we investigated the genus Pholcus Walckenaer,1805 of the family Pholcidae C.L.Koch,1850 in the Changbai Mountains,Northeast China,which provides an excellent case of high species diversity.Previously,only 14 endemic Pholcus spiders,all belonging to the P.phungiformes species group,and two introduced species P.manueli Gertsch,1937 and P.zichyi Kulczyński,1901 from the P.crypticolens species group,have been recorded from this area.Our study confirmed 11 new species of the P.phungiformes species group based on morphology and three methods of molecular species delimitation:P.gaizhou Yao&Li,sp.nov.,P.guanshui Yao&Li,sp.nov.,P.jiguanshan Yao&Li,sp.nov.,P.longxigu Yao&Li,sp.nov.,P.luoquanbei Yao&Li,sp.nov.,P.shenshi Yao&Li,sp.nov.,P.tianmenshan Yao&Li,sp.nov.,P.wangjiang Yao&Li,sp.nov.,P.xingqi Yao&Li,sp.nov.,P.yaoshan Yao&Li,sp.nov.,and P.yuhuangshan Yao&Li,sp.nov.This study brings the fauna of the P.phungiformes species group from the Changbai Mountains to 25 species,approximately two times more than previously known,which could indicate that species diversity in the area is underestimated for all arthropod fauna.展开更多
DEAR EDITOR,Morphological and molecular data were used to study 35 species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group from the Yanshan-Taihang Mountains in China.The uneven distribution pattern of spiders in Eurasia is...DEAR EDITOR,Morphological and molecular data were used to study 35 species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group from the Yanshan-Taihang Mountains in China.The uneven distribution pattern of spiders in Eurasia is discussed,with a focus on Europe and China.Europe covers approximately 10.18 million km2 in western Eurasia,while China covers about 9.6 million km2 in the east.Due to their relative positions to each other and similar land areas,spider species richness in Europe and China is comparable(Li,2020).展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is the fifth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of death worldwide.Despite advancements in immunotherapies,patient prognosis remains poor,necessitating the identification o...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is the fifth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of death worldwide.Despite advancements in immunotherapies,patient prognosis remains poor,necessitating the identification of key prognostic factors to optimize the treatment approaches.Insulin resistance,as indicated by the triglyceride glucose(TyG)index,is increasingly recognized for its impact on cancer progression and immune modulation,and its potential role in GC prognosis is of particular interest.AIM To investigate whether the TyG index,a surrogate marker of insulin resistance,can predict the prognosis of patients with advanced GC receiving immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy.METHODS This retrospective study included 300 patients with advanced GC who received sintilimab combined with chemotherapy.The patients were categorized into two groups according to high or low TyG index,and independent prognostic factors for overall survival(OS)were determined using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis,which led to the development of a nomogram model.RESULTS Of the included patients,136 had a high TyG index and 164 had a low TyG index.The median progression-free survival of the high TyG index group was significantly longer than that of the low TyG index group.Similarly,the median OS of the high TyG index group was significantly longer than that of the low TyG index group.The ob-jective response and disease control rates in the two groups were 18.38%vs 9.15%and 58.82%vs 46.95%,res-pectively.No significant difference was noted in the incidence of adverse reactions at any level between the two groups(P>0.05).In multivariate analysis,the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score,programmed cell death ligand 1 expression,and TyG index acted as independent prognostic factors for OS.Of these factors,the hazard ratio of the TyG index was 0.36(95%confidence interval:0.36-0.55,P<0.001),and the nomogram model re-emphasized its importance as the main predictor of patient prognosis,followed by programmed cell death ligand 1 expression and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score.CONCLUSION The TyG index is a long-term predictor of the efficacy of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy,and patients with a high index have a better prognosis.展开更多
IntroductionOnychomycosis refers to all kinds of fumgal infections of nail plate and nail bed,including those caused by dermatophytes,non-dermatophytes,and Candida species[1].Onychomycosis is the most common nail dise...IntroductionOnychomycosis refers to all kinds of fumgal infections of nail plate and nail bed,including those caused by dermatophytes,non-dermatophytes,and Candida species[1].Onychomycosis is the most common nail disease in adults,accounting for 10%-30% of all infectious diseases,and 50% of all nail disorders[2-5].The most common tests used to diagnose onychomycosis are direct microscopic examination,mycological culture,histopathologic examination,and polymerase chain reaction-based tests[2,6].Because of the special structure of the sampling area,patients often experience pain during nail abrasion for the collection of samples.Furthermore,the sensitivity of onychomycosis diagnosis is not satisfied.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Primary liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide,with hepato-cellular carcinoma(HCC)being the most prevalent form.Despite the current availability of multiple immune or immune combination treatment options,the prognosis is still poor,so how to identify a more suitable population is extremely important.AIM To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of combining lenvatinib with camrelizumab for patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related HCC in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC)stages B/C,considering various body mass index(BMI)in diffe-rent categories.METHODS Retrospective data were collected from 126 HCC patients treated with lenvatinib plus camrelizumab.Patients were divided into two groups based on BMI:The non-overweight group(BMI<25 kg/m2,n=51)and the overweight/obese group(BMI≥25 kg/m2,n=75).Short-term prognosis was evaluated using mRECIST criteria,with subgroup analyses for non-overweight(BMI:18.5-24.9 kg/m2),overweight(BMI:25-30 kg/m2),and obese(BMI≥30 kg/m2)patients.A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis identified independent prognostic factors for overall survival(OS),leading to the development of a column-line graph model.with subgroup analyses for non-overweight(BMI:18.5-24.9 kg/m2),overweight(BMI:25-30 kg/m2),and obese(BMI≥30 kg/m2)patients.A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis identified independent prognostic factors for overall survival(OS),leading to the development of a column-line graph model.RESULTS Median progression-free survival was significantly longer in the obese/overweight group compared to the non-overweight group.Similarly,the median OS was significantly prolonged in the obese/overweight group than in the non-overweight group.The objective remission rate and disease control rate for the two groups of patients were,respectively,objective remission rate(5.88%vs 28.00%)and disease control rate(39.22%vs 62.67%).Fatigue was more prevalent in the obese/overweight group,while other adverse effects showed no statistically significant differences(P>0.05).Subgroup analysis based on BMI showed that obese and overweight patients had better progression-free survival and OS than non-overweight patients,with obese patients showing the best outcomes.Multifactorial regression analysis identified BCLC grade,alpha-fetoprotein level,portal vein tumor thrombosis,and BMI as independent prognostic factors for OS.The column-line graph model highlighted the importance of BMI as a major predictor of patient prognosis,followed by alpha-fetoprotein level,BCLC classification,and portal vein tumor thrombosis.CONCLUSION BMI is a long-term predictor of the efficacy of lenvatinib plus camrelizumab,and obese/overweight patients have a better prognosis.
文摘BACKGROUND Although the combination of lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitors has become the standard regimen for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),real data on the impact of baseline hepatitis B virus(HBV)-DNA levels on the clinical efficacy of this regimen is still limited.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of camrelizumab combined with lenvatinib in patients with HCC at varying levels of HBV-DNA.METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HCC who received camrelizumab and lenvatinib treatment were categorized into two cohorts:HBV-DNA≤2000(n=66)and HBV-DNA>2000(n=54).The main outcomes measured were overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS),while additional outcomes included the rate of objective response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),and any negative events.Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed independent predictors of OS,leading to the creation of a nomogram incorporating these variables.RESULTS The median PFS was 8.32 months for the HBV-DNA≤2000 group,which was similar to the 7.80 months observed for the HBV DNA>2000 group(P=0.88).Likewise,there was no notable variation in the median OS between the two groups,with durations of 13.30 and 14.20 months respectively(P=0.14).The ORR and DCR were compared between the two groups,showing ORR of 19.70%vs 33.33%(P=0.09)and DCR of 72.73%vs 74.07%(P=0.87).The nomogram emphasized the importance of antiviral treatment as the main predictor of patient results,with portal vein tumor thrombus and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging following closely behind.CONCLUSION The clinical outcomes of patients with HBV-associated HCC treated with camrelizumab in combination with lenvatinib are not significantly affected by HBV viral load.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China to Y.C.L.(NSFC-31972870,31772410,31750002)。
文摘DEAR EDITOR,This research involved the study of 31 species from the spider family Mysmenidae Petrunkevitch,1928,found in the Gaoligong Mountains of China,including one new genus and 13 new species.Our results suggested that regression of East Tethys contributed to the appearance of a center of biodiversity.The Tethys,a classical and hot topic in geology.It has undergone a succession of significant geodynamic transformations,transitioning from an ancient ocean to the current Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt.Notably,the East Tethys,serving as an invaluable lens through which to study continental geology and geodynamics,has played a pivotal role in triggering the major geological reconstructions of the entire Tethys(Pan et al.,1997).
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC-31872193)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC1907150)Part of the laboratory work was supported by the Shenyang Youth Science and Technology Project(RC200183)。
文摘Despite 250 years of taxonomic classification and over 1.2 million species already catalogued,known species diversity is only a small part of true species diversity on Earth,and thus,the known species are only the tip of iceberg.Here,we investigated the genus Pholcus Walckenaer,1805 of the family Pholcidae C.L.Koch,1850 in the Changbai Mountains,Northeast China,which provides an excellent case of high species diversity.Previously,only 14 endemic Pholcus spiders,all belonging to the P.phungiformes species group,and two introduced species P.manueli Gertsch,1937 and P.zichyi Kulczyński,1901 from the P.crypticolens species group,have been recorded from this area.Our study confirmed 11 new species of the P.phungiformes species group based on morphology and three methods of molecular species delimitation:P.gaizhou Yao&Li,sp.nov.,P.guanshui Yao&Li,sp.nov.,P.jiguanshan Yao&Li,sp.nov.,P.longxigu Yao&Li,sp.nov.,P.luoquanbei Yao&Li,sp.nov.,P.shenshi Yao&Li,sp.nov.,P.tianmenshan Yao&Li,sp.nov.,P.wangjiang Yao&Li,sp.nov.,P.xingqi Yao&Li,sp.nov.,P.yaoshan Yao&Li,sp.nov.,and P.yuhuangshan Yao&Li,sp.nov.This study brings the fauna of the P.phungiformes species group from the Changbai Mountains to 25 species,approximately two times more than previously known,which could indicate that species diversity in the area is underestimated for all arthropod fauna.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB31000000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170461,31872193)+1 种基金Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC1907150)supported by the Shenyang Youth Science and Technology Project(RC200183)。
文摘DEAR EDITOR,Morphological and molecular data were used to study 35 species of the Pholcus phungiformes species group from the Yanshan-Taihang Mountains in China.The uneven distribution pattern of spiders in Eurasia is discussed,with a focus on Europe and China.Europe covers approximately 10.18 million km2 in western Eurasia,while China covers about 9.6 million km2 in the east.Due to their relative positions to each other and similar land areas,spider species richness in Europe and China is comparable(Li,2020).
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is the fifth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of death worldwide.Despite advancements in immunotherapies,patient prognosis remains poor,necessitating the identification of key prognostic factors to optimize the treatment approaches.Insulin resistance,as indicated by the triglyceride glucose(TyG)index,is increasingly recognized for its impact on cancer progression and immune modulation,and its potential role in GC prognosis is of particular interest.AIM To investigate whether the TyG index,a surrogate marker of insulin resistance,can predict the prognosis of patients with advanced GC receiving immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy.METHODS This retrospective study included 300 patients with advanced GC who received sintilimab combined with chemotherapy.The patients were categorized into two groups according to high or low TyG index,and independent prognostic factors for overall survival(OS)were determined using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis,which led to the development of a nomogram model.RESULTS Of the included patients,136 had a high TyG index and 164 had a low TyG index.The median progression-free survival of the high TyG index group was significantly longer than that of the low TyG index group.Similarly,the median OS of the high TyG index group was significantly longer than that of the low TyG index group.The ob-jective response and disease control rates in the two groups were 18.38%vs 9.15%and 58.82%vs 46.95%,res-pectively.No significant difference was noted in the incidence of adverse reactions at any level between the two groups(P>0.05).In multivariate analysis,the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score,programmed cell death ligand 1 expression,and TyG index acted as independent prognostic factors for OS.Of these factors,the hazard ratio of the TyG index was 0.36(95%confidence interval:0.36-0.55,P<0.001),and the nomogram model re-emphasized its importance as the main predictor of patient prognosis,followed by programmed cell death ligand 1 expression and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score.CONCLUSION The TyG index is a long-term predictor of the efficacy of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy,and patients with a high index have a better prognosis.
文摘IntroductionOnychomycosis refers to all kinds of fumgal infections of nail plate and nail bed,including those caused by dermatophytes,non-dermatophytes,and Candida species[1].Onychomycosis is the most common nail disease in adults,accounting for 10%-30% of all infectious diseases,and 50% of all nail disorders[2-5].The most common tests used to diagnose onychomycosis are direct microscopic examination,mycological culture,histopathologic examination,and polymerase chain reaction-based tests[2,6].Because of the special structure of the sampling area,patients often experience pain during nail abrasion for the collection of samples.Furthermore,the sensitivity of onychomycosis diagnosis is not satisfied.
