Hypoxia is a disorder in which the tissues are not oxygenated adequately.The lack of oxygen may cause irreversible damage to the major organs such as the brain,heart and lungs.In severe cases,coma,seizures,and death m...Hypoxia is a disorder in which the tissues are not oxygenated adequately.The lack of oxygen may cause irreversible damage to the major organs such as the brain,heart and lungs.In severe cases,coma,seizures,and death may happen.In addition to the routine medication,acupuncture.treatment has been applied as a complementary treatment to counter hypoxia.In this paper,the optical fiber acupuncture needle was fabricated using the optical fiber imbedding into the metal capillary tube with needle tip,therefore made it easy to insert into the body for the laser treatment.The laser optical fiber needle treatment to the ST36 acupoint conducted with the laser.irradiation intra body.The normobaric hypoxia tolerance test results in mice show that the optical fber needle treatment to the ST36 acupoint with laser acupuncture appears to improve the tolerance to hypoxia.The mice treated with laser acupuncture expressed high level of IL-1βin serum.Our results suggest that laser optical fiber needle acupuncture may serve as a potential treatment for hypoxia.展开更多
We present combined Mie lidar, ozone lidar and wide-range particle spectrometer observations which were carried out in Beijing, north China during two periods—one haze period before the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperat...We present combined Mie lidar, ozone lidar and wide-range particle spectrometer observations which were carried out in Beijing, north China during two periods—one haze period before the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC) meeting and one moderate pollution period during the meeting in 2014. High extinction coefficient, moderate ozone concentration and variable particle number concentration were obtained throughout the first haze observation period. The mean extinction coefficients in the two pollution periods were 0.52 and 0.23 km?1, respectively, at 532 nm. The ozone concentration during the first haze phase was more various with a higher average value of 49 ppb compared with that in the second pollution observations(32 ppb). Compared with the same metrological condition occurring at the end of October, the sharply decreased aerosol extinction coefficient and ozone concentration show the effectiveness of the emission-cutting measures implemented during APEC in November. The comparison of aerosols and ozone in different heights indicate different pollution sources and the complicated ozone process of generation and disappearance. The correlation between the scattering coefficient and particle number concentrations of various diameter depended on the ambient humidity. Especially the particle number concentration(500 nm–1 ?m) contributed most to PM2.5 concentration. The four-day back trajectories from a Hybrid Single-particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT) model indicate that the air masses in the lower boundary layer before and during APEC were advected from the densely populated south regions of China and the long pollution transportation passing through northern China.展开更多
We present mobile vehicle lidar observations in Tianjin, China during the spring, summer, and winter of 2016. Mobile observations were carried out along the city border road of Tianjin to obtain the vertical distribut...We present mobile vehicle lidar observations in Tianjin, China during the spring, summer, and winter of 2016. Mobile observations were carried out along the city border road of Tianjin to obtain the vertical distribution characteristics of PM2.5. Hygroscopic growth was not considered since relative humidity was less than 60% during the observation experiments. PM2.5 profile was obtained with the linear regression equation between the particle extinction coefficient and PM2.5 mass concentration. In spring, the vertical distribution of PM2.5 exhibited a hierarchical structure. In addition to a layer of particles that gathered near the ground, a portion of particles floated at 0.6–2.5-km height. In summer and winter, the fine particles basically gathered below 1 km near the ground. In spring and summer, the concentration of fine particles in the south was higher than that in the north because of the influence of south wind. In winter, the distribution of fine particles was opposite to that measured during spring and summer. High concentrations of PM2.5 were observed in the rural areas of North Tianjin with a maximum of 350 μg m^–3 on 13 December2016. It is shown that industrial and ship emissions in spring and summer and coal combustion in winter were the major sources of fine particles that polluted Tianjin. The results provide insights into the mechanisms of haze formation and the effects of meteorological conditions during haze–fog pollution episodes in the Tianjin area.展开更多
A few-mode erbium-doped fiber（FM-EDF） is fabricated using modified chemical vapor deposition in combination with liquid solution. The core and cladding diameters of the fiber are approximately 19.44 and 124.12 μm,r...A few-mode erbium-doped fiber（FM-EDF） is fabricated using modified chemical vapor deposition in combination with liquid solution. The core and cladding diameters of the fiber are approximately 19.44 and 124.12 μm,respectively. The refractive index difference is 0.98%, numerical aperture（NA） is 0.17, and normalized cut-off frequency at 1550 nm is 6.81. Therefore, it is a five-mode fiber, and can be used as a higher-order mode gain medium. Furthermore, a long period fiber grating（LPFG） is fabricated, which can convert LP〈01 mode to LP11 mode, and its conversion efficiency is up to 99%. The first-order orbital angular momentum（OAM） is also generated by combining the LPFG and polarization controller（PC）. Then, an all-fiber amplification system based on the FM-EDF and LPFG, for LP11 mode and first-order OAM beams, is built up. Its on-off gain of the LP11 mode beam is 37.2 d B at 1521.2 nm. The variation, whose transverse mode field intensity of first-order OAM is increased with the increase of pumping power, is obvious. These show that both the LP11 mode and first-order OAM beams are amplified in the all-fiber amplification system. This is a novel all-fiber amplification scheme,which can be used in the optical communication fields.展开更多
Usually,a multilens optical system is composed of multiple undetectable sublenses.Wavefront of a multilens optical system cannot be measured when classical transmitted phase measuring deflectometry[PMD] is used.In thi...Usually,a multilens optical system is composed of multiple undetectable sublenses.Wavefront of a multilens optical system cannot be measured when classical transmitted phase measuring deflectometry[PMD] is used.In this study,a wavefront measuring method for an optical system with multiple optics is presented based on PMD.A paraxial plane is used to represent the test multilens optical system.We introduce the calibration strategy and mathematical deduction of gradient equations.Systematic errors are suppressed with an N-rotation test.Simulations have been performed to demonstrate our method.The results showing the use of our method in multilens optical systems,such as the collimator and single-lens reflex camera lenses show that the measurement accuracy is comparable with those of interferometric tests.展开更多
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(61107076,61177088,61475095,61027015 and 31571430)Shanghai Pujiang Program(14PJ1407700)+2 种基金Health and Fam-ily Planning Commission Foundation of Shanghai(201440300)National Program(on Key Basic Research Project(973 Program,2012CB723405,2014CB541804)the Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks(SKLSF02013-02 and SKLSFO2015-01).
文摘Hypoxia is a disorder in which the tissues are not oxygenated adequately.The lack of oxygen may cause irreversible damage to the major organs such as the brain,heart and lungs.In severe cases,coma,seizures,and death may happen.In addition to the routine medication,acupuncture.treatment has been applied as a complementary treatment to counter hypoxia.In this paper,the optical fiber acupuncture needle was fabricated using the optical fiber imbedding into the metal capillary tube with needle tip,therefore made it easy to insert into the body for the laser treatment.The laser optical fiber needle treatment to the ST36 acupoint conducted with the laser.irradiation intra body.The normobaric hypoxia tolerance test results in mice show that the optical fber needle treatment to the ST36 acupoint with laser acupuncture appears to improve the tolerance to hypoxia.The mice treated with laser acupuncture expressed high level of IL-1βin serum.Our results suggest that laser optical fiber needle acupuncture may serve as a potential treatment for hypoxia.
基金supported by the project"Haze Observation Project Especially for Jing-Jin-Ji Area(HOPE-J3A)"of CASKey Project of Chinese National Programs for Fundamental Research and Development(2014CB447900)
文摘We present combined Mie lidar, ozone lidar and wide-range particle spectrometer observations which were carried out in Beijing, north China during two periods—one haze period before the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC) meeting and one moderate pollution period during the meeting in 2014. High extinction coefficient, moderate ozone concentration and variable particle number concentration were obtained throughout the first haze observation period. The mean extinction coefficients in the two pollution periods were 0.52 and 0.23 km?1, respectively, at 532 nm. The ozone concentration during the first haze phase was more various with a higher average value of 49 ppb compared with that in the second pollution observations(32 ppb). Compared with the same metrological condition occurring at the end of October, the sharply decreased aerosol extinction coefficient and ozone concentration show the effectiveness of the emission-cutting measures implemented during APEC in November. The comparison of aerosols and ozone in different heights indicate different pollution sources and the complicated ozone process of generation and disappearance. The correlation between the scattering coefficient and particle number concentrations of various diameter depended on the ambient humidity. Especially the particle number concentration(500 nm–1 ?m) contributed most to PM2.5 concentration. The four-day back trajectories from a Hybrid Single-particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT) model indicate that the air masses in the lower boundary layer before and during APEC were advected from the densely populated south regions of China and the long pollution transportation passing through northern China.
基金Supported by the National Key Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016YFC0203302)National 863 Program for High Technology Research and Development(2014AA06A512)+2 种基金National(Key)Basic Research and Development(973)Program of China(2014CB447900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(91544232,41305126,and 41605020)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB05040300)
文摘We present mobile vehicle lidar observations in Tianjin, China during the spring, summer, and winter of 2016. Mobile observations were carried out along the city border road of Tianjin to obtain the vertical distribution characteristics of PM2.5. Hygroscopic growth was not considered since relative humidity was less than 60% during the observation experiments. PM2.5 profile was obtained with the linear regression equation between the particle extinction coefficient and PM2.5 mass concentration. In spring, the vertical distribution of PM2.5 exhibited a hierarchical structure. In addition to a layer of particles that gathered near the ground, a portion of particles floated at 0.6–2.5-km height. In summer and winter, the fine particles basically gathered below 1 km near the ground. In spring and summer, the concentration of fine particles in the south was higher than that in the north because of the influence of south wind. In winter, the distribution of fine particles was opposite to that measured during spring and summer. High concentrations of PM2.5 were observed in the rural areas of North Tianjin with a maximum of 350 μg m^–3 on 13 December2016. It is shown that industrial and ship emissions in spring and summer and coal combustion in winter were the major sources of fine particles that polluted Tianjin. The results provide insights into the mechanisms of haze formation and the effects of meteorological conditions during haze–fog pollution episodes in the Tianjin area.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61635006,61520106014,61475096,61422507,and 61635006)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.15220721500)
文摘A few-mode erbium-doped fiber（FM-EDF） is fabricated using modified chemical vapor deposition in combination with liquid solution. The core and cladding diameters of the fiber are approximately 19.44 and 124.12 μm,respectively. The refractive index difference is 0.98%, numerical aperture（NA） is 0.17, and normalized cut-off frequency at 1550 nm is 6.81. Therefore, it is a five-mode fiber, and can be used as a higher-order mode gain medium. Furthermore, a long period fiber grating（LPFG） is fabricated, which can convert LP〈01 mode to LP11 mode, and its conversion efficiency is up to 99%. The first-order orbital angular momentum（OAM） is also generated by combining the LPFG and polarization controller（PC）. Then, an all-fiber amplification system based on the FM-EDF and LPFG, for LP11 mode and first-order OAM beams, is built up. Its on-off gain of the LP11 mode beam is 37.2 d B at 1521.2 nm. The variation, whose transverse mode field intensity of first-order OAM is increased with the increase of pumping power, is obvious. These show that both the LP11 mode and first-order OAM beams are amplified in the all-fiber amplification system. This is a novel all-fiber amplification scheme,which can be used in the optical communication fields.
基金supported by the City Foundation of Nanchong(Nos.SXQHJH026 and 2021SXHZ041)。
文摘Usually,a multilens optical system is composed of multiple undetectable sublenses.Wavefront of a multilens optical system cannot be measured when classical transmitted phase measuring deflectometry[PMD] is used.In this study,a wavefront measuring method for an optical system with multiple optics is presented based on PMD.A paraxial plane is used to represent the test multilens optical system.We introduce the calibration strategy and mathematical deduction of gradient equations.Systematic errors are suppressed with an N-rotation test.Simulations have been performed to demonstrate our method.The results showing the use of our method in multilens optical systems,such as the collimator and single-lens reflex camera lenses show that the measurement accuracy is comparable with those of interferometric tests.
