The present study aimed to explore the potential of artificial intelligence(AI)methodology based on magnetic resonance(MR)images to aid in the management of prostate cancer(PCa).To this end,we reviewed and summarized ...The present study aimed to explore the potential of artificial intelligence(AI)methodology based on magnetic resonance(MR)images to aid in the management of prostate cancer(PCa).To this end,we reviewed and summarized the studies comparing the diagnostic and predictive performance for PCa between AI and common clinical assessment methods based on MR images and/or clinical characteristics,thereby investigating whether AI methods are generally superior to common clinical assessment methods for the diagnosis and prediction fields of PCa.First,we found that,in the included studies of the present study,AI methods were generally equal to or better than the clinical assessment methods for the risk assessment of PCa,such as risk stratification of prostate lesions and the prediction of therapeutic outcomes or PCa progression.In particular,for the diagnosis of clinically significant PCa,the AI methods achieved a higher summary receiver operator characteristic curve(SROC-AUC)than that of the clinical assessment methods(0.87 vs.0.82).For the prediction of adverse pathology,the AI methods also achieved a higher SROC-AUC than that of the clinical assessment methods(0.86 vs.0.75).Second,as revealed by the radiomics quality score(RQS),the studies included in the present study presented a relatively high total average RQS of 15.2(11.0–20.0).Further,the scores of the individual RQS elements implied that the AI models in these studies were constructed with relatively perfect and standard radiomics processes,but the exact generalizability and clinical practicality of the AI models should be further validated using higher levels of evidence,such as prospective studies and open-testing datasets.展开更多
Gastrointestinal disorders encompass a spectrum of conditions affecting various organs within the digestive system,such as the esophagus,stomach,colon,rectum,pancreas,liver,small intestine,and bile ducts.The role of a...Gastrointestinal disorders encompass a spectrum of conditions affecting various organs within the digestive system,such as the esophagus,stomach,colon,rectum,pancreas,liver,small intestine,and bile ducts.The role of autophagy in the etiology and progression of gastrointestinal diseases has garnered significant attention.This paper seeks to evaluate the impact and mechanisms of autophagy in gastrointestinal disorders by synthesizing recent research findings.Specifically,we delve into inflammation-related gastrointestinal conditions,including ulcerative colitis,Crohn’s disease,and pancreatitis,as well as gastrointestinal cancers such as esophageal,gastric,and colorectal cancers.Additionally,we provide commentary on a recent publication by Chang et al in the World Journal of Gastroenterology.Our objective is to offer fresh perspectives on the mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for these gastrointestinal ailments.This review aims to offer new perspectives on the mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for gastrointestinal disorders by critically analyzing relevant publications.As discussed,the role of autophagy in gastrointestinal diseases is complex and,at times,contentious.To harness the full therapeutic potential of autophagy in treating these conditions,more in-depth research is imperative.展开更多
BACKGROUND Human induced pluripotent stem cell(hiPSC)technology is a valuable tool for generating patient-specific stem cells,facilitating disease modeling,and invest-igating disease mechanisms.However,iPSCs carrying ...BACKGROUND Human induced pluripotent stem cell(hiPSC)technology is a valuable tool for generating patient-specific stem cells,facilitating disease modeling,and invest-igating disease mechanisms.However,iPSCs carrying specific mutations may limit their clinical applications due to certain inherent characteristics.AIM To investigate the impact of MERTK mutations on hiPSCs and determine whether hiPSC-derived extracellular vesicles(EVs)influence anomalous cell junction and differentiation potential.METHODS We employed a non-integrating reprogramming technique to generate peripheral blood-derived hiPSCs with and hiPSCs without a MERTK mutation.Chromo-somal karyotype analysis,flow cytometry,and immunofluorescent staining were utilized for hiPSC identification.Transcriptomics and proteomics were employed to elucidate the expression patterns associated with cell junction abnormalities and cellular differentiation potential.Additionally,EVs were isolated from the supernatant,and their RNA and protein cargos were examined to investigate the involvement of hiPSC-derived EVs in stem cell junction and differentiation.RESULTS The generated hiPSCs,both with and without a MERTK mutation,exhibited normal karyotype and expressed pluripotency markers;however,hiPSCs with a MERTK mutation demonstrated anomalous adhesion capability and differentiation potential,as confirmed by transcriptomic and proteomic profiling.Furthermore,hiPSC-derived EVs were involved in various biological processes,including cell junction and differentiation.CONCLUSION HiPSCs with a MERTK mutation displayed altered junction characteristics and aberrant differentiation potential.Furthermore,hiPSC-derived EVs played a regulatory role in various biological processes,including cell junction and differentiation.展开更多
Robotic percutaneous coronary intervention(R-PCI)is a novel technology in which operators can manipulate guidewires and catheter devices in interventional cardiology.This approach provides great benefits to interventi...Robotic percutaneous coronary intervention(R-PCI)is a novel technology in which operators can manipulate guidewires and catheter devices in interventional cardiology.This approach provides great benefits to interventional cardiologists in terms of reducing both radiation exposure and orthopedic injuries.Several large,high-quality cohort studies have confirmed the short-term safety and high technical success rate of R-PCI.However,randomized long-term data are still needed before adopting them as part of standard coronary interventions.Furthermore,tele-stenting for complex coronary lesions has significant potential for R-PCI.We need to overcome the present relevant challenges for its application such as inherent delays,bedside care for unstable patients from R-PCIs to manual PCIs(M-PCIs),incompatibility for a thrombus aspiration catheter and heavily calcified lesions.There is a great future in laboratory workflow teams,3D-printed anatomical models and multiple joint collaborative control algorithms.This narrative review summarizes the latest developments in R-PCI,with a focus on developments in robotic technology,and discusses the current and future potential use of R-PCI in clinical practice globally.展开更多
Current animal models of chronic peripheral nerve compression are mainly silicone tube models. However, the cross section of the rat sciatic nerve is not a perfect circle, and there are differences in the diameter of ...Current animal models of chronic peripheral nerve compression are mainly silicone tube models. However, the cross section of the rat sciatic nerve is not a perfect circle, and there are differences in the diameter of the sciatic nerve due to individual differences. The use of a silicone tube with a uniform internal diameter may not provide a reliable and consistent model. We have established a chronic sciatic nerve compression model that can induce demyelination of the sciatic nerve and lead to atrophy of skeletal muscle. In 3-week-old pups and adult rats, the sciatic nerve of the right hind limb was exposed, and a piece of surgical latex glove was gently placed under the nerve. N-butyl-cyanoacrylate was then placed over the nerve, and after it had set, another piece of glove latex was placed on top of the target area and allowed to adhere to the first piece to form a sandwich-like complex. Thus, a chronic sciatic nerve compression model was produced. Control pups with latex or N-butyl-cyanoacrylate were also prepared. Functional changes to nerves were assessed using the hot plate test and electromyography. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy analyses of the nerves were performed to quantify the degree of neuropathological change. Masson staining was conducted to assess the degree of fibrosis in the gastrocnemius and intrinsic paw muscles. The pup group rats subjected to nerve compression displayed thermal hypoesthesia and a gradual decrease in nerve conduction velocity at 2 weeks after surgery. Neuropathological studies demonstrated that the model caused nerve demyelination and axonal irregularities and triggered collagen deposition in the epineurium and perineurium of the affected nerve at 8 weeks after surgery. The degree of fibrosis in the gastrocnemius and intrinsic paw muscles was significantly increased at 20 weeks after surgery. In conclusion, our novel model can reproduce the functional and histological changes of chronic nerve compression injury that occurs in humans and it will be a useful new tool for investigating the mechanisms underlying chronic nerve compression.展开更多
Carbon steel strips with different phosphorus and carbon contents were produced by using the twin roll strip casting process. Fine grains and dendrite structure were observed in high-P steels. Negative phosphorus segr...Carbon steel strips with different phosphorus and carbon contents were produced by using the twin roll strip casting process. Fine grains and dendrite structure were observed in high-P steels. Negative phosphorus segregation was found in strip cast high-P and high-C steels. For the steels with different carbon contents, phosphorus distribution in the thickness direction of the strip is obviously different. This is because solutes are redistributed in the melting pool and the phosphorus segregation rate is associated with the length of the mushy zone and the phosphorus solubility in different phases. Phosphorus as a solute in ferrite can lead to the higher hardness and strength with lower plastic propertyies.展开更多
BACKGROUND:The predictive scoring systems for early stent thrombosis(EST)remains blank in China.The study aims to evaluate the risk factors and conduct a prediction model of EST in the Chinese population.METHODS:EST w...BACKGROUND:The predictive scoring systems for early stent thrombosis(EST)remains blank in China.The study aims to evaluate the risk factors and conduct a prediction model of EST in the Chinese population.METHODS:EST was defined as thrombosis that occurs within the first 30 days after primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Patients from ten Chinese hospitals diagnosed as stent thrombosis(ST)from January 2010 to December 2016 were retrospectively included as the study group.A control group(1 case:2 controls)was created by including patients without ST,major adverse cardiovascular events,or cerebrovascular events during follow-up.The present study evaluated 426 patients with single-vessel lesions and ultimately included 40 patients with EST and 80 control patients,who were included to identify factors that predicted EST and to develop a prediction scoring system.The other 171 patients without integrated 1:2 pair were used for external validation.RESULTS:EST was independently associated with a low hemoglobin concentration(adjusted odds ratio[OR]0.946,95%confi dence interval[95%CI]0.901-0.993,P=0.026),a high pre-PCI Synergy between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery(SYNTAX)score(OR 1.166,95%CI 1.049-1.297,P=0.004),and a DAPT(DAPT)duration of<30 days(OR 28.033,95%CI 5.302-272.834,P<0.001).The simple EST prediction score provided an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.854(95%CI 0.777-0.932,P<0.001)with 70.0%sensitivity and 90.0%specifi city,and 0.742(95%CI 0.649-0.835,P<0.001)with 54.5%sensitivity and 81.0%specifi city for external validation dataset.CONCLUSIONS:EST may be independently associated with DAPT discontinuation within 30 days,a low hemoglobin concentration,and a high SYNTAX score.The scoring system also has a good ability to predict the risk of EST and may be useful in the clinical setting.展开更多
Chronic nerve compression(CNC)neuropathy is a common disease in the clinic and provokes paraesthesia,or numbness at early stage.The changes in muscle fiber composition and motor nerve terminal morphology in distal mus...Chronic nerve compression(CNC)neuropathy is a common disease in the clinic and provokes paraesthesia,or numbness at early stage.The changes in muscle fiber composition and motor nerve terminal morphology in distal muscles were studied in this study.A well-established CNC model was used to assess the changes in the muscles.Behaviors were measured by von Frey filament test The myosin heavy chain isoforms and neuromuscular junctions(NMJs)were stained by immunofluorescence to show the muscle fiber types composition and motor nerve terminals morphologic changes in the flexor digitorum longus(FDL)and lumbrical muscle.The fiber cross-sectional areas of different muscle fiber types were measured.The small-fiber degeneration of cutaneous nerve fibers was examined by detecting the protein gene product 9.5(PGP9.5)with immunofluorescence.At 2nd month after compression,the proportion of type I and type IIB fibers was markedly decreased,and that of type n A fibers was increased in the lumbrical muscle.There was no significant change in composition of muscle fiber types in FDL and NMJ morphology of FDL and lumbrical muscles.Intra-epidermal nerve fibre density(IENFD)declined at 2nd month after the compression.Our study reveals the morphological changes of the FDL and lumbrical muscle at an early stage of CNC.These findings may be helpful to understand muscle damage and pathophysiological development of the nerve compression,and provide new evidence for early treatment of CNC.展开更多
For the purpose of improving the mechanical performance indices of uncertain structures with interval parameters and ensure their robustness when fluctuating under interval parameters, a constrained interval robust op...For the purpose of improving the mechanical performance indices of uncertain structures with interval parameters and ensure their robustness when fluctuating under interval parameters, a constrained interval robust optimization model is constructed with both the center and halfwidth of the most important mechanical performance index described as objective functions and the other requirements on the mechanical performance indices described as constraint functions. To locate the optimal solution of objective and feasibility robustness, a new concept of interval violation vector and its calculation formulae corresponding to different constraint functions are proposed. The math?ematical formulae for calculating the feasibility and objective robustness indices and the robustness?based preferential guidelines are proposed for directly ranking various design vectors, which is realized by an algorithm integrating Kriging and nested genetic algorithm. The validity of the proposed method and its superiority to present interval optimization approaches are demonstrated by a numerical example. The robust optimization of the upper beam in a high?speed press with interval material properties demonstrated the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method in engineering.展开更多
A topology optimization method based on the solid isotropic material with penalization interpolation scheme is utilized for designing gradient coils for use in magnetic resonance microscopy.Unlike the popular stream f...A topology optimization method based on the solid isotropic material with penalization interpolation scheme is utilized for designing gradient coils for use in magnetic resonance microscopy.Unlike the popular stream function method,the proposed method has design variables that are the distribution of conductive material.A voltage-driven transverse gradient coil is proposed to be used as micro-scale magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)gradient coils,thus avoiding introducing a coil-winding pattern and simplifying the coil configuration.The proposed method avoids post-processing errors that occur when the continuous current density is approximated by discrete wires in the stream function approach.The feasibility and accuracy of the method are verified through designing the z-gradient and y-gradient coils on a cylindrical surface.Numerical design results show that the proposed method can provide a new coil layout in a compact design space.展开更多
It has been widely demonstrated that addition of Ni in low-carbon steels can effectively improve the cryogenic toughness, but the mechanism behind it has yet to be clarified. In the present work, the evolutions of mic...It has been widely demonstrated that addition of Ni in low-carbon steels can effectively improve the cryogenic toughness, but the mechanism behind it has yet to be clarified. In the present work, the evolutions of microstructure and mechanical properties after quenching and tempering for Ni-containing cryogenic steels with different Ni contents （3.5-9 wt%） were investigated. The results showed that after quenching and tempering, the Ni-containing cryogenic steels were composed of tempered martensite and reversed austenite. The volume fraction of reversed austenite has increased from 0 up to 6.3% when the Ni content increases from 3.5% to 9%. The Charpy impact tests indicated that the low- temperature toughness was markedly improved with the increase in Ni content, which can be correlated with the increase in reversed austenite amount. The main contribution of reversed austenite to the toughness lies in： （1） the elimination of cementite precipitates improved the plastic deformation capacity of matrix, and （2） the crack propagation is hindered through plastic deformation.展开更多
A successful mechanical property data-driven prediction model is the core of the optimal design of hot rolling process for hot-rolled strips. However, the original industrial data, usually unbalanced, are inevitably m...A successful mechanical property data-driven prediction model is the core of the optimal design of hot rolling process for hot-rolled strips. However, the original industrial data, usually unbalanced, are inevitably mixed with fluctuant and abnormal values. Models established on the basis of the data without data processing can cause misleading results, which cannot be used for the optimal design of hot rolling process. Thus, a method of industrial data processing of C-Mn steel was proposed based on the data analysis. The Bayesian neural network was employed to establish the reliable mechanical property prediction models for the optimal design of hot rolling process. By using the multi-objective optimization algorithm and considering the individual requirements of costumers and the constraints of the equipment, the optimal design of hot rolling process was successfully applied to the rolling process design for Q345B steel with 0.017% Nb and 0.046% Ti content removed. The optimal process design results were in good agreement with the industrial trials results, which verify the effectiveness of the optimal design of hot rolling process.展开更多
Cooperative luminescence(CL)occurs in spectral regions in which single ions do not have energy levels.It was first observed more than 40 years ago,and all results reported so far are from a pair of ions.In this work,u...Cooperative luminescence(CL)occurs in spectral regions in which single ions do not have energy levels.It was first observed more than 40 years ago,and all results reported so far are from a pair of ions.In this work,upconverted CL of three Yb^(3+) ions was observed in the ultraviolet(UV)region under near-infrared(NIR)excitation.The UV CL intensity showed a cubic dependence on the NIR pump power,whereas the luminescence lifetime was nearly one-third the luminescence lifetime of single Yb^(3+) ions.The triplet CL(TCL)has a clear spectral structure,in which most emission peaks are consistent with the self-convoluted spectra from single Yb^(3+) ions.Blue shifts were observed for certain peaks,indicating complex interactions among the excited Yb^(3+) ions.The probability of the TCL process versus the average distances among three Yb^(3+) ions was derived via the first-and second-order corrections to the wave functions of lanthanide ions,indicating that the formation of Yb^(3+) clusters containing closely spaced ions favors the occurrence of the multi-ion interaction processes.Furthermore,the cooperative sensitization of one Gd^(3+) ion by four excited Yb^(3+) ions(Yb^(3+)-tetramer)was demonstrated experimentally,which exhibited a novel upconversion mechanism—cluster sensitization.Our results are intriguing for further exploring quantum transitions that simultaneously involve multiple ions.展开更多
During hot rolling process metals will inevitably oxidize because of high temperature and air condition. In order to guarantee the surface quality, acid pickling is applied to remove the oxide scale while waste acid w...During hot rolling process metals will inevitably oxidize because of high temperature and air condition. In order to guarantee the surface quality, acid pickling is applied to remove the oxide scale while waste acid will do harm to the environment. Faced with the problem, by means of reduction process of hot-rolled plates, the oxide scale will be reduced to iron, so that acid pickling is unnecessary. One pass cold rolling procedure was applied. The compres- sion ratios of hot-rolled plates with oxide scale were 10%, 18%, 26% and 31%, respectively. After that, samples mentioned above including a sample without deformation were separately reduced under hydrogen atmosphere condi- tion （5 % H2 ＋95 % Ar in volume percent） at 600-1 000 ℃. The thermal gravimetric apparatus （TGA） was used to establish accurate experimental condition and obtain complete mass loss data. Field emission electron probe microa- nalysis （EPMA） was applied to analyze scale morphology change and composition distribution through the oxide scale. It was found that the sample with 26% compression ratio could be reduced completely at 900 ℃which was favorable to galvanization.展开更多
A new hot-dip galvanizing method was employed on hot-rolled low carbon steel.The effects of Al contents on microstructure,micro-hardness and corrosion resistance of Zn-Al alloy coatings were systematically investigate...A new hot-dip galvanizing method was employed on hot-rolled low carbon steel.The effects of Al contents on microstructure,micro-hardness and corrosion resistance of Zn-Al alloy coatings were systematically investigated.Phase composition,microstructure and element distribution in Zn-Al alloy coatings were analyzed using X-ray diffraction（XRD）and electron probe micro analysis（EPMA）,respectively.It is found that Al content（0.6-6.0 wt.%）in galvanizing zinc affects surface quality and adhesion between coatings and matrix in the newly developed method.In addition,with increasing Al content,micro-hardness significantly increased due to the increase in Zn-Al eutectoid phases.Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS）also revealed that increase in Al plays a noticeable role in improving the corrosion resistance of Zn-Al alloy coatings.展开更多
Hot-rolled Fe-（0.75-2.20）Si （mass%） alloys were oxidized in dry air at 600-1200 ℃. The oxidation process was carried out by thermal gravimetric analysis （TGA）. At 600- 1 150 ℃, oxidation gain curves were appro...Hot-rolled Fe-（0.75-2.20）Si （mass%） alloys were oxidized in dry air at 600-1200 ℃. The oxidation process was carried out by thermal gravimetric analysis （TGA）. At 600- 1 150 ℃, oxidation gain curves were approximately parabolic. Electron probe mieroanalysis （EPMA） was applied to investigate cross-section morphology of oxide layer and element distribution across the layer. At lower temperature of 700 ℃, the oxide layer consisted of internal oxidation zone （IOZ）, inner Si-rich layer （conglomerate of fayalite and magnetite） and outer hematite layer, while at higher temperature of 1200 ℃, fayalite and wustite were observed in external oxide scale. Liquidus temperature of fayalite was detected by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. Through comparing the oxidation mass gain and parabolic rate constant of the alloys, it was found that oxidation resistance of Fe-Si alloy was enhanced by increasing Si content below 1 150 ℃ while increasing Si content of the alloy resulted in higher oxidation rate above 1150 ℃ owing to the liquid fayalite formation.展开更多
The influences of coiling temperature and cooling condition on structural transformation of the hot-rolled tertiary oxide scale formed under continuous cooling conditions were studied by thermal gravimetric analyzer. ...The influences of coiling temperature and cooling condition on structural transformation of the hot-rolled tertiary oxide scale formed under continuous cooling conditions were studied by thermal gravimetric analyzer. The fourth oxide scale formed under different conditions were classified and plotted. Because the oxide scale structure transformation is diffusion-controlled and the transformation law is similar to ＂C＂ curve, the eutectoid transformation nose temperature is 450 ℃. Under condition of low temperature and high cooling rate, ion diffusion behavior is restricted so that the eutectoid reaction is suppressed, resulting in that the fourth oxide scale is mainly made up of pre-eutectoid Fe304 and FeO without eu- tectoid products. From scale structure transition diagram, the eutectoid reaction process was affected by coiling temperature and cooling rate, leading to various scale structures.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(Z200027)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62027901,81930053)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2021B0101420005).
文摘The present study aimed to explore the potential of artificial intelligence(AI)methodology based on magnetic resonance(MR)images to aid in the management of prostate cancer(PCa).To this end,we reviewed and summarized the studies comparing the diagnostic and predictive performance for PCa between AI and common clinical assessment methods based on MR images and/or clinical characteristics,thereby investigating whether AI methods are generally superior to common clinical assessment methods for the diagnosis and prediction fields of PCa.First,we found that,in the included studies of the present study,AI methods were generally equal to or better than the clinical assessment methods for the risk assessment of PCa,such as risk stratification of prostate lesions and the prediction of therapeutic outcomes or PCa progression.In particular,for the diagnosis of clinically significant PCa,the AI methods achieved a higher summary receiver operator characteristic curve(SROC-AUC)than that of the clinical assessment methods(0.87 vs.0.82).For the prediction of adverse pathology,the AI methods also achieved a higher SROC-AUC than that of the clinical assessment methods(0.86 vs.0.75).Second,as revealed by the radiomics quality score(RQS),the studies included in the present study presented a relatively high total average RQS of 15.2(11.0–20.0).Further,the scores of the individual RQS elements implied that the AI models in these studies were constructed with relatively perfect and standard radiomics processes,but the exact generalizability and clinical practicality of the AI models should be further validated using higher levels of evidence,such as prospective studies and open-testing datasets.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82204483.
文摘Gastrointestinal disorders encompass a spectrum of conditions affecting various organs within the digestive system,such as the esophagus,stomach,colon,rectum,pancreas,liver,small intestine,and bile ducts.The role of autophagy in the etiology and progression of gastrointestinal diseases has garnered significant attention.This paper seeks to evaluate the impact and mechanisms of autophagy in gastrointestinal disorders by synthesizing recent research findings.Specifically,we delve into inflammation-related gastrointestinal conditions,including ulcerative colitis,Crohn’s disease,and pancreatitis,as well as gastrointestinal cancers such as esophageal,gastric,and colorectal cancers.Additionally,we provide commentary on a recent publication by Chang et al in the World Journal of Gastroenterology.Our objective is to offer fresh perspectives on the mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for these gastrointestinal ailments.This review aims to offer new perspectives on the mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for gastrointestinal disorders by critically analyzing relevant publications.As discussed,the role of autophagy in gastrointestinal diseases is complex and,at times,contentious.To harness the full therapeutic potential of autophagy in treating these conditions,more in-depth research is imperative.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82125007Beijing Natural Science Foundation,No.Z200014.
文摘BACKGROUND Human induced pluripotent stem cell(hiPSC)technology is a valuable tool for generating patient-specific stem cells,facilitating disease modeling,and invest-igating disease mechanisms.However,iPSCs carrying specific mutations may limit their clinical applications due to certain inherent characteristics.AIM To investigate the impact of MERTK mutations on hiPSCs and determine whether hiPSC-derived extracellular vesicles(EVs)influence anomalous cell junction and differentiation potential.METHODS We employed a non-integrating reprogramming technique to generate peripheral blood-derived hiPSCs with and hiPSCs without a MERTK mutation.Chromo-somal karyotype analysis,flow cytometry,and immunofluorescent staining were utilized for hiPSC identification.Transcriptomics and proteomics were employed to elucidate the expression patterns associated with cell junction abnormalities and cellular differentiation potential.Additionally,EVs were isolated from the supernatant,and their RNA and protein cargos were examined to investigate the involvement of hiPSC-derived EVs in stem cell junction and differentiation.RESULTS The generated hiPSCs,both with and without a MERTK mutation,exhibited normal karyotype and expressed pluripotency markers;however,hiPSCs with a MERTK mutation demonstrated anomalous adhesion capability and differentiation potential,as confirmed by transcriptomic and proteomic profiling.Furthermore,hiPSC-derived EVs were involved in various biological processes,including cell junction and differentiation.CONCLUSION HiPSCs with a MERTK mutation displayed altered junction characteristics and aberrant differentiation potential.Furthermore,hiPSC-derived EVs played a regulatory role in various biological processes,including cell junction and differentiation.
文摘Robotic percutaneous coronary intervention(R-PCI)is a novel technology in which operators can manipulate guidewires and catheter devices in interventional cardiology.This approach provides great benefits to interventional cardiologists in terms of reducing both radiation exposure and orthopedic injuries.Several large,high-quality cohort studies have confirmed the short-term safety and high technical success rate of R-PCI.However,randomized long-term data are still needed before adopting them as part of standard coronary interventions.Furthermore,tele-stenting for complex coronary lesions has significant potential for R-PCI.We need to overcome the present relevant challenges for its application such as inherent delays,bedside care for unstable patients from R-PCIs to manual PCIs(M-PCIs),incompatibility for a thrombus aspiration catheter and heavily calcified lesions.There is a great future in laboratory workflow teams,3D-printed anatomical models and multiple joint collaborative control algorithms.This narrative review summarizes the latest developments in R-PCI,with a focus on developments in robotic technology,and discusses the current and future potential use of R-PCI in clinical practice globally.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81471270
文摘Current animal models of chronic peripheral nerve compression are mainly silicone tube models. However, the cross section of the rat sciatic nerve is not a perfect circle, and there are differences in the diameter of the sciatic nerve due to individual differences. The use of a silicone tube with a uniform internal diameter may not provide a reliable and consistent model. We have established a chronic sciatic nerve compression model that can induce demyelination of the sciatic nerve and lead to atrophy of skeletal muscle. In 3-week-old pups and adult rats, the sciatic nerve of the right hind limb was exposed, and a piece of surgical latex glove was gently placed under the nerve. N-butyl-cyanoacrylate was then placed over the nerve, and after it had set, another piece of glove latex was placed on top of the target area and allowed to adhere to the first piece to form a sandwich-like complex. Thus, a chronic sciatic nerve compression model was produced. Control pups with latex or N-butyl-cyanoacrylate were also prepared. Functional changes to nerves were assessed using the hot plate test and electromyography. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy analyses of the nerves were performed to quantify the degree of neuropathological change. Masson staining was conducted to assess the degree of fibrosis in the gastrocnemius and intrinsic paw muscles. The pup group rats subjected to nerve compression displayed thermal hypoesthesia and a gradual decrease in nerve conduction velocity at 2 weeks after surgery. Neuropathological studies demonstrated that the model caused nerve demyelination and axonal irregularities and triggered collagen deposition in the epineurium and perineurium of the affected nerve at 8 weeks after surgery. The degree of fibrosis in the gastrocnemius and intrinsic paw muscles was significantly increased at 20 weeks after surgery. In conclusion, our novel model can reproduce the functional and histological changes of chronic nerve compression injury that occurs in humans and it will be a useful new tool for investigating the mechanisms underlying chronic nerve compression.
基金supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(No.2004CB619108) the Science Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China(No.NECT-04-0278)
文摘Carbon steel strips with different phosphorus and carbon contents were produced by using the twin roll strip casting process. Fine grains and dendrite structure were observed in high-P steels. Negative phosphorus segregation was found in strip cast high-P and high-C steels. For the steels with different carbon contents, phosphorus distribution in the thickness direction of the strip is obviously different. This is because solutes are redistributed in the melting pool and the phosphorus segregation rate is associated with the length of the mushy zone and the phosphorus solubility in different phases. Phosphorus as a solute in ferrite can lead to the higher hardness and strength with lower plastic propertyies.
基金from National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC1301300,2016YFC1301302)。
文摘BACKGROUND:The predictive scoring systems for early stent thrombosis(EST)remains blank in China.The study aims to evaluate the risk factors and conduct a prediction model of EST in the Chinese population.METHODS:EST was defined as thrombosis that occurs within the first 30 days after primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Patients from ten Chinese hospitals diagnosed as stent thrombosis(ST)from January 2010 to December 2016 were retrospectively included as the study group.A control group(1 case:2 controls)was created by including patients without ST,major adverse cardiovascular events,or cerebrovascular events during follow-up.The present study evaluated 426 patients with single-vessel lesions and ultimately included 40 patients with EST and 80 control patients,who were included to identify factors that predicted EST and to develop a prediction scoring system.The other 171 patients without integrated 1:2 pair were used for external validation.RESULTS:EST was independently associated with a low hemoglobin concentration(adjusted odds ratio[OR]0.946,95%confi dence interval[95%CI]0.901-0.993,P=0.026),a high pre-PCI Synergy between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery(SYNTAX)score(OR 1.166,95%CI 1.049-1.297,P=0.004),and a DAPT(DAPT)duration of<30 days(OR 28.033,95%CI 5.302-272.834,P<0.001).The simple EST prediction score provided an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.854(95%CI 0.777-0.932,P<0.001)with 70.0%sensitivity and 90.0%specifi city,and 0.742(95%CI 0.649-0.835,P<0.001)with 54.5%sensitivity and 81.0%specifi city for external validation dataset.CONCLUSIONS:EST may be independently associated with DAPT discontinuation within 30 days,a low hemoglobin concentration,and a high SYNTAX score.The scoring system also has a good ability to predict the risk of EST and may be useful in the clinical setting.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81471270).
文摘Chronic nerve compression(CNC)neuropathy is a common disease in the clinic and provokes paraesthesia,or numbness at early stage.The changes in muscle fiber composition and motor nerve terminal morphology in distal muscles were studied in this study.A well-established CNC model was used to assess the changes in the muscles.Behaviors were measured by von Frey filament test The myosin heavy chain isoforms and neuromuscular junctions(NMJs)were stained by immunofluorescence to show the muscle fiber types composition and motor nerve terminals morphologic changes in the flexor digitorum longus(FDL)and lumbrical muscle.The fiber cross-sectional areas of different muscle fiber types were measured.The small-fiber degeneration of cutaneous nerve fibers was examined by detecting the protein gene product 9.5(PGP9.5)with immunofluorescence.At 2nd month after compression,the proportion of type I and type IIB fibers was markedly decreased,and that of type n A fibers was increased in the lumbrical muscle.There was no significant change in composition of muscle fiber types in FDL and NMJ morphology of FDL and lumbrical muscles.Intra-epidermal nerve fibre density(IENFD)declined at 2nd month after the compression.Our study reveals the morphological changes of the FDL and lumbrical muscle at an early stage of CNC.These findings may be helpful to understand muscle damage and pathophysiological development of the nerve compression,and provide new evidence for early treatment of CNC.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51775491,51475417,U1608256,51405433)
文摘For the purpose of improving the mechanical performance indices of uncertain structures with interval parameters and ensure their robustness when fluctuating under interval parameters, a constrained interval robust optimization model is constructed with both the center and halfwidth of the most important mechanical performance index described as objective functions and the other requirements on the mechanical performance indices described as constraint functions. To locate the optimal solution of objective and feasibility robustness, a new concept of interval violation vector and its calculation formulae corresponding to different constraint functions are proposed. The math?ematical formulae for calculating the feasibility and objective robustness indices and the robustness?based preferential guidelines are proposed for directly ranking various design vectors, which is realized by an algorithm integrating Kriging and nested genetic algorithm. The validity of the proposed method and its superiority to present interval optimization approaches are demonstrated by a numerical example. The robust optimization of the upper beam in a high?speed press with interval material properties demonstrated the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method in engineering.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51675506 and 51275504)the German Research Foundation(DFG)(Grant Nos.#ZA 422/5-1 and#ZA 422/6-1)
文摘A topology optimization method based on the solid isotropic material with penalization interpolation scheme is utilized for designing gradient coils for use in magnetic resonance microscopy.Unlike the popular stream function method,the proposed method has design variables that are the distribution of conductive material.A voltage-driven transverse gradient coil is proposed to be used as micro-scale magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)gradient coils,thus avoiding introducing a coil-winding pattern and simplifying the coil configuration.The proposed method avoids post-processing errors that occur when the continuous current density is approximated by discrete wires in the stream function approach.The feasibility and accuracy of the method are verified through designing the z-gradient and y-gradient coils on a cylindrical surface.Numerical design results show that the proposed method can provide a new coil layout in a compact design space.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.N120807001)the National High-tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program)(No.2007 AA03Z504)
文摘It has been widely demonstrated that addition of Ni in low-carbon steels can effectively improve the cryogenic toughness, but the mechanism behind it has yet to be clarified. In the present work, the evolutions of microstructure and mechanical properties after quenching and tempering for Ni-containing cryogenic steels with different Ni contents （3.5-9 wt%） were investigated. The results showed that after quenching and tempering, the Ni-containing cryogenic steels were composed of tempered martensite and reversed austenite. The volume fraction of reversed austenite has increased from 0 up to 6.3% when the Ni content increases from 3.5% to 9%. The Charpy impact tests indicated that the low- temperature toughness was markedly improved with the increase in Ni content, which can be correlated with the increase in reversed austenite amount. The main contribution of reversed austenite to the toughness lies in： （1） the elimination of cementite precipitates improved the plastic deformation capacity of matrix, and （2） the crack propagation is hindered through plastic deformation.
文摘A successful mechanical property data-driven prediction model is the core of the optimal design of hot rolling process for hot-rolled strips. However, the original industrial data, usually unbalanced, are inevitably mixed with fluctuant and abnormal values. Models established on the basis of the data without data processing can cause misleading results, which cannot be used for the optimal design of hot rolling process. Thus, a method of industrial data processing of C-Mn steel was proposed based on the data analysis. The Bayesian neural network was employed to establish the reliable mechanical property prediction models for the optimal design of hot rolling process. By using the multi-objective optimization algorithm and considering the individual requirements of costumers and the constraints of the equipment, the optimal design of hot rolling process was successfully applied to the rolling process design for Q345B steel with 0.017% Nb and 0.046% Ti content removed. The optimal process design results were in good agreement with the industrial trials results, which verify the effectiveness of the optimal design of hot rolling process.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 61178073,11274139,61222508 and 61275189).
文摘Cooperative luminescence(CL)occurs in spectral regions in which single ions do not have energy levels.It was first observed more than 40 years ago,and all results reported so far are from a pair of ions.In this work,upconverted CL of three Yb^(3+) ions was observed in the ultraviolet(UV)region under near-infrared(NIR)excitation.The UV CL intensity showed a cubic dependence on the NIR pump power,whereas the luminescence lifetime was nearly one-third the luminescence lifetime of single Yb^(3+) ions.The triplet CL(TCL)has a clear spectral structure,in which most emission peaks are consistent with the self-convoluted spectra from single Yb^(3+) ions.Blue shifts were observed for certain peaks,indicating complex interactions among the excited Yb^(3+) ions.The probability of the TCL process versus the average distances among three Yb^(3+) ions was derived via the first-and second-order corrections to the wave functions of lanthanide ions,indicating that the formation of Yb^(3+) clusters containing closely spaced ions favors the occurrence of the multi-ion interaction processes.Furthermore,the cooperative sensitization of one Gd^(3+) ion by four excited Yb^(3+) ions(Yb^(3+)-tetramer)was demonstrated experimentally,which exhibited a novel upconversion mechanism—cluster sensitization.Our results are intriguing for further exploring quantum transitions that simultaneously involve multiple ions.
基金Item Sponsored by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2011BAE13B04)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51204047)
文摘During hot rolling process metals will inevitably oxidize because of high temperature and air condition. In order to guarantee the surface quality, acid pickling is applied to remove the oxide scale while waste acid will do harm to the environment. Faced with the problem, by means of reduction process of hot-rolled plates, the oxide scale will be reduced to iron, so that acid pickling is unnecessary. One pass cold rolling procedure was applied. The compres- sion ratios of hot-rolled plates with oxide scale were 10%, 18%, 26% and 31%, respectively. After that, samples mentioned above including a sample without deformation were separately reduced under hydrogen atmosphere condi- tion （5 % H2 ＋95 % Ar in volume percent） at 600-1 000 ℃. The thermal gravimetric apparatus （TGA） was used to establish accurate experimental condition and obtain complete mass loss data. Field emission electron probe microa- nalysis （EPMA） was applied to analyze scale morphology change and composition distribution through the oxide scale. It was found that the sample with 26% compression ratio could be reduced completely at 900 ℃which was favorable to galvanization.
基金the National Science and Technology Pillar Program of China (2011BAE13B04)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51204047and U1660117)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universi-ties of China(N130407004)for the financial support
文摘A new hot-dip galvanizing method was employed on hot-rolled low carbon steel.The effects of Al contents on microstructure,micro-hardness and corrosion resistance of Zn-Al alloy coatings were systematically investigated.Phase composition,microstructure and element distribution in Zn-Al alloy coatings were analyzed using X-ray diffraction（XRD）and electron probe micro analysis（EPMA）,respectively.It is found that Al content（0.6-6.0 wt.%）in galvanizing zinc affects surface quality and adhesion between coatings and matrix in the newly developed method.In addition,with increasing Al content,micro-hardness significantly increased due to the increase in Zn-Al eutectoid phases.Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS）also revealed that increase in Al plays a noticeable role in improving the corrosion resistance of Zn-Al alloy coatings.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51275459)the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51221004)+3 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2011CB706503)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.SK201201A28-01)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Innovation Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power Transmission and Control,China
基金Item Sponsored by National High-tech Research and Development Program of China(2011BAE13B04)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51204047,51204053)
文摘Hot-rolled Fe-（0.75-2.20）Si （mass%） alloys were oxidized in dry air at 600-1200 ℃. The oxidation process was carried out by thermal gravimetric analysis （TGA）. At 600- 1 150 ℃, oxidation gain curves were approximately parabolic. Electron probe mieroanalysis （EPMA） was applied to investigate cross-section morphology of oxide layer and element distribution across the layer. At lower temperature of 700 ℃, the oxide layer consisted of internal oxidation zone （IOZ）, inner Si-rich layer （conglomerate of fayalite and magnetite） and outer hematite layer, while at higher temperature of 1200 ℃, fayalite and wustite were observed in external oxide scale. Liquidus temperature of fayalite was detected by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. Through comparing the oxidation mass gain and parabolic rate constant of the alloys, it was found that oxidation resistance of Fe-Si alloy was enhanced by increasing Si content below 1 150 ℃ while increasing Si content of the alloy resulted in higher oxidation rate above 1150 ℃ owing to the liquid fayalite formation.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51204047)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2011BAE13B04)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(N130407004)
文摘The influences of coiling temperature and cooling condition on structural transformation of the hot-rolled tertiary oxide scale formed under continuous cooling conditions were studied by thermal gravimetric analyzer. The fourth oxide scale formed under different conditions were classified and plotted. Because the oxide scale structure transformation is diffusion-controlled and the transformation law is similar to ＂C＂ curve, the eutectoid transformation nose temperature is 450 ℃. Under condition of low temperature and high cooling rate, ion diffusion behavior is restricted so that the eutectoid reaction is suppressed, resulting in that the fourth oxide scale is mainly made up of pre-eutectoid Fe304 and FeO without eu- tectoid products. From scale structure transition diagram, the eutectoid reaction process was affected by coiling temperature and cooling rate, leading to various scale structures.
