The genus Trigonotis comprises nearly 60 species mainly distributed in East and Southeast Asia.China has the largest number of Trigonotis species in the world,with a total of 44 species,of which 38 are endemic.Nutlet ...The genus Trigonotis comprises nearly 60 species mainly distributed in East and Southeast Asia.China has the largest number of Trigonotis species in the world,with a total of 44 species,of which 38 are endemic.Nutlet morphology is useful for the taxonomic delimitation of Trigonotis.However,there are still controversial circumscriptions of nutlet shape in some species.In previous studies,interspecies phylogenetic relationships were inferred using few DNA markers and very few taxa,which possibly led to erroneous or incomplete conclusions.In this study,the nutlet morphology of 39 Trigonotis taxa and the characteristics of 34 complete chloroplast genomes(29 taxa)were investigated and analyzed.Then,the phylogenetic relationships were discussed within this genus based on complete chloroplast genomes.To the best of our knowledge,this study is the first comprehensive analysis of nutlet morphology and complete chloroplast genome of Trigonotis.Based on nutlet morphology,Trigonotis can be divided into two groups:Group 1,hemispherical or oblique tetrahedron with carpopodiums,and Group 2,inverted tetrahedron without carpopodiums.The chloroplast genome of Trigonotis exhibited a typical quadripartite structure,including 84-86 protein-coding,37 transfer RNA,and 8 ribosomal RNA genes,with a total length of 147,247-148,986 bp.Genes in the junctions were well conserved in Trigonotis,similar to those in other Boraginaceae s.str.species.Furthermore,Trigonotis chloroplast genomes showed relatively high diversity,with more conserved genic regions than intergenic regions;in addition,we detected 14 hot spots(Pi>0.005)in non-coding regions.Phylogenetic analyses based on chloroplast genome data identified highly resolved relationships between Trigonotis species.Specifically,Trigonotis was divided into two clades with strong support:one clade included species with hemispherical or oblique tetrahedron nutlets with carpopodiums and bracts,whereas the other clade included species with inverted tetrahedron nutlets without carpopodiums or bracts.Our results may inform future taxonomic,phylogenetic,and evolutionary studies on Boraginaceae.展开更多
Oxygen is essential for most life forms.Insufficient oxygen supply can disrupt homeostasis and compromise survival,and hypoxia-induced cardiovascular failure is fatal in many animals,including humans.However,certain s...Oxygen is essential for most life forms.Insufficient oxygen supply can disrupt homeostasis and compromise survival,and hypoxia-induced cardiovascular failure is fatal in many animals,including humans.However,certain species have adapted and evolved to cope with hypoxic environments and are therefore good models for studying the regulatory mechanisms underlying responses to hypoxia.Here,we explored the physiological and molecular responses of the cardiovascular system in two closely related hypoxiaadapted species with different life histories,namely,Qinghai voles(Neodon fuscus)and Brandt’s voles(Lasiopodomys brandtii),under hypoxic(10%O_(2) for 48 h)and normoxic(20.9%O_(2) for 48 h)exposure.Kunming mice(Mus musculus)were used for comparison.Qinghai voles live in plateau areas under hypoxic conditions,whereas Brandt’s voles only experience periodic hypoxia.Histological and hematological analyses indicated a strong tolerance to hypoxia in both species,but significant cardiac tissue damage and increased blood circulation resistance in mice exposed to hypoxia.Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed enhanced oxygen transport efficiency as a coping mechanism against hypoxia in both N.fuscus and L.brandtii,but with some differences.Specifically,N.fuscus showed upregulated expression of genes related to accelerated cardiac contraction and angiogenesis,whereas L.brandtii showed significant up-regulation of erythropoiesis-related genes.Synchronized upregulation of hemoglobin synthesis-related genes was observed in both species.In addition,differences in cardiometabolic strategies against hypoxia were observed in the rodents.Notably,M.musculus relied on adenosine triphosphate(ATP)generation via fatty acid oxidation,whereas N.fuscus shifted energy production to glucose oxidation under hypoxic conditions and L.brandtii employed a conservative strategy involving down-regulation of fatty acid and glucose oxidation and a bradycardia phenotype.In conclusion,the cardiovascular systems of N.fuscus and L.brandtii have evolved different adaptation strategies to enhance oxygen transport capacity and conserve energy under hypoxia.Our findings suggest that the coping mechanisms underlying hypoxia tolerance in these closely related species are context dependent.展开更多
Objective： The purpose of this review is to discuss some critical issues of isoflavones protective against the development of prostate cancer （PCa）.Data Sources： Data cited in this review were obtained primarily f...Objective： The purpose of this review is to discuss some critical issues of isoflavones protective against the development of prostate cancer （PCa）.Data Sources： Data cited in this review were obtained primarily from PubMed and Embase from 1975 to 2015.Study Selection： Articles were selected with the search terms ＆quot;isoflavone＆quot;, ＆quot;Phytoestrogen＆quot;, ＆quot;soy＆quot;, ＆quot;genistin＆quot;, and ＆quot;PCa＆quot;.Results： Isoflavones do not play an important role on prostate-specific antigen levels reduction in PCa patients or healthy men.The effect ofisoflavones on sex hormone levels and PCa risk may be determined by equol converting bacteria in the intestine, specific polymorphic variation and concentrations of isoflavones.The intake of various types of phytoestrogens with lower concentrations in the daily diet may produce synergistic effects against PCa.Moreover, prostate tissue may concentrate isoflavones to potentially anti-carcinogenic levels.In addition, it is noteworthy that isoflavones may act as an agonist in PCa.Conclusions： Isoflavones play a protective role against the development of PCa.However, careful consideration should be given when isoflavones are used in the prevention and treatment of PCa.展开更多
基金This project was funded by the Science and Technology Basic Work,Ministry of Science and Technology,China(2013FY112100 to Q.L.)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31700175 to Z.W.)Fostering Project for Young Teachers of Zhengzhou University,China(JC21343014 to Z.W.).
文摘The genus Trigonotis comprises nearly 60 species mainly distributed in East and Southeast Asia.China has the largest number of Trigonotis species in the world,with a total of 44 species,of which 38 are endemic.Nutlet morphology is useful for the taxonomic delimitation of Trigonotis.However,there are still controversial circumscriptions of nutlet shape in some species.In previous studies,interspecies phylogenetic relationships were inferred using few DNA markers and very few taxa,which possibly led to erroneous or incomplete conclusions.In this study,the nutlet morphology of 39 Trigonotis taxa and the characteristics of 34 complete chloroplast genomes(29 taxa)were investigated and analyzed.Then,the phylogenetic relationships were discussed within this genus based on complete chloroplast genomes.To the best of our knowledge,this study is the first comprehensive analysis of nutlet morphology and complete chloroplast genome of Trigonotis.Based on nutlet morphology,Trigonotis can be divided into two groups:Group 1,hemispherical or oblique tetrahedron with carpopodiums,and Group 2,inverted tetrahedron without carpopodiums.The chloroplast genome of Trigonotis exhibited a typical quadripartite structure,including 84-86 protein-coding,37 transfer RNA,and 8 ribosomal RNA genes,with a total length of 147,247-148,986 bp.Genes in the junctions were well conserved in Trigonotis,similar to those in other Boraginaceae s.str.species.Furthermore,Trigonotis chloroplast genomes showed relatively high diversity,with more conserved genic regions than intergenic regions;in addition,we detected 14 hot spots(Pi>0.005)in non-coding regions.Phylogenetic analyses based on chloroplast genome data identified highly resolved relationships between Trigonotis species.Specifically,Trigonotis was divided into two clades with strong support:one clade included species with hemispherical or oblique tetrahedron nutlets with carpopodiums and bracts,whereas the other clade included species with inverted tetrahedron nutlets without carpopodiums or bracts.Our results may inform future taxonomic,phylogenetic,and evolutionary studies on Boraginaceae.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2004152)Zhongyuan Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Project(224200510001)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M672264)。
文摘Oxygen is essential for most life forms.Insufficient oxygen supply can disrupt homeostasis and compromise survival,and hypoxia-induced cardiovascular failure is fatal in many animals,including humans.However,certain species have adapted and evolved to cope with hypoxic environments and are therefore good models for studying the regulatory mechanisms underlying responses to hypoxia.Here,we explored the physiological and molecular responses of the cardiovascular system in two closely related hypoxiaadapted species with different life histories,namely,Qinghai voles(Neodon fuscus)and Brandt’s voles(Lasiopodomys brandtii),under hypoxic(10%O_(2) for 48 h)and normoxic(20.9%O_(2) for 48 h)exposure.Kunming mice(Mus musculus)were used for comparison.Qinghai voles live in plateau areas under hypoxic conditions,whereas Brandt’s voles only experience periodic hypoxia.Histological and hematological analyses indicated a strong tolerance to hypoxia in both species,but significant cardiac tissue damage and increased blood circulation resistance in mice exposed to hypoxia.Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed enhanced oxygen transport efficiency as a coping mechanism against hypoxia in both N.fuscus and L.brandtii,but with some differences.Specifically,N.fuscus showed upregulated expression of genes related to accelerated cardiac contraction and angiogenesis,whereas L.brandtii showed significant up-regulation of erythropoiesis-related genes.Synchronized upregulation of hemoglobin synthesis-related genes was observed in both species.In addition,differences in cardiometabolic strategies against hypoxia were observed in the rodents.Notably,M.musculus relied on adenosine triphosphate(ATP)generation via fatty acid oxidation,whereas N.fuscus shifted energy production to glucose oxidation under hypoxic conditions and L.brandtii employed a conservative strategy involving down-regulation of fatty acid and glucose oxidation and a bradycardia phenotype.In conclusion,the cardiovascular systems of N.fuscus and L.brandtii have evolved different adaptation strategies to enhance oxygen transport capacity and conserve energy under hypoxia.Our findings suggest that the coping mechanisms underlying hypoxia tolerance in these closely related species are context dependent.
文摘Objective： The purpose of this review is to discuss some critical issues of isoflavones protective against the development of prostate cancer （PCa）.Data Sources： Data cited in this review were obtained primarily from PubMed and Embase from 1975 to 2015.Study Selection： Articles were selected with the search terms ＆quot;isoflavone＆quot;, ＆quot;Phytoestrogen＆quot;, ＆quot;soy＆quot;, ＆quot;genistin＆quot;, and ＆quot;PCa＆quot;.Results： Isoflavones do not play an important role on prostate-specific antigen levels reduction in PCa patients or healthy men.The effect ofisoflavones on sex hormone levels and PCa risk may be determined by equol converting bacteria in the intestine, specific polymorphic variation and concentrations of isoflavones.The intake of various types of phytoestrogens with lower concentrations in the daily diet may produce synergistic effects against PCa.Moreover, prostate tissue may concentrate isoflavones to potentially anti-carcinogenic levels.In addition, it is noteworthy that isoflavones may act as an agonist in PCa.Conclusions： Isoflavones play a protective role against the development of PCa.However, careful consideration should be given when isoflavones are used in the prevention and treatment of PCa.
