The rationality and scientific nature of the emission trading mechanism is the key to the effective implementation of environmental and economic policies.As far as China is concerned,there are phenomena such as inform...The rationality and scientific nature of the emission trading mechanism is the key to the effective implementation of environmental and economic policies.As far as China is concerned,there are phenomena such as information asymmetry,low supervision efficiency,and alienation of government and enterprise behaviors caused by the incomplete mechanism of emission trading in the practice of different pilots.The introduction of blockchain technology can innovate the traditional transaction model and form a decentralized peer-to-peer transaction and a trusted emission trading market.To this end,based on the current emission trading mechanism and the characteristics of blockchain technology,this paper couples the core technologies of blockchain with the functional requirements of application scenarios.Then,an innovative application framework is built based on the consortium blockchain Fabric from three aspects:emission trading supervision,secondary trading market construction,as well as emission trading incentive and punishment mechanisms.Technologies such as the consensus mechanism,smart contract,Merkle tree and asymmetric encryption are comprehensively applied in this process.In the construction of the blockchain framework of the secondary market for emission trading,institutional changes and innovations brought about by the blockchain at various levels are analyzed in terms of participants,transaction processes and the transaction scope.At the same time,smart contract functions and algorithms are designed for the purchase,transfer-out and trading of emission rights,and the operation business logic of the smart contract is analyzed.On the whole,this paper explores the application framework of blockchain technology in the field of emission trading at the macro level,and analyzes the application mechanism of the corresponding technologies of blockchain at each coupling point in the framework at the micro level.The collaborative analysis at the two levels shows that blockchain technology and the requirements of emission trading mechanism can be effectively coupled,and the application of blockchain technology can promote the effective supervision of enterprises'emission behavior,making the processes of the purchase,transfer and transaction of emission rights intelligent and automated,and providing technical support for cross regional emission trading to reduce transaction costs and management complexity.In addition,the issuance of emission credits based on smart contract will be a new incentive for companies to actively participate in transactions.Based on the above analysis,this paper believes that the innovative application of blockchain technology is of great significance in the promotion of the market-based allocation of element of emission trading and the rational allocation of environmental resources.It will lead to a major breakthrough in the traditional trading system in terms of trading modes,forming a value transmission network of environmental resources between the government and polluters.展开更多
Ecological compensation plays an important role in implementing the social responsibility of infrastructure mega-projects. Based on the results of a field study, an in-depth interview, and archive data, this paper int...Ecological compensation plays an important role in implementing the social responsibility of infrastructure mega-projects. Based on the results of a field study, an in-depth interview, and archive data, this paper introduces the ecological compensation for Sousa chinensis(the Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphin) during the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. It studies the concrete measures, decision-making processes,and organizational collaboration of the ecological compensation, using the method of a case study. The present study not only enriches our understanding of the ecological compensation practice during the construction of infrastructure mega-projects, but also extends the literature on the social responsibility of infrastructure mega-projects.This sheds light on the protection of the environment as well as biodiversity in the construction of future infrastructure mega-projects.展开更多
Infrastructure mega-projects(IMPs)are large-scale engineering deliverables,such as hydropower projects,highspeed railways,expressway networks,gas pipeline projects,and long-span bridges.IMPs provide fundamental public...Infrastructure mega-projects(IMPs)are large-scale engineering deliverables,such as hydropower projects,highspeed railways,expressway networks,gas pipeline projects,and long-span bridges.IMPs provide fundamental public services for social production,economic development,and daily life,and form the backbone of modern societies.The importance of IMPs has necessitated an improved understanding of how these facilities are managed.展开更多
Mega-projects are characterized by their large-scale investments, long life-cycle, and extraordinary levels of organizational, technological, and environmental complexity （Flyvbjerg, 2017）. They are naturally regard...Mega-projects are characterized by their large-scale investments, long life-cycle, and extraordinary levels of organizational, technological, and environmental complexity （Flyvbjerg, 2017）. They are naturally regarded as large, coupled human, and physical systems consisting of coupled sub-systems linked through flows of human, information, and matter; these systems evolve through time （Bakhshi et al., 2016; Kiridena and Sense, 2016）. Not about let systems be, engineering refers to ＂making things happen＂ with convergence, optimum design, and operation consistency （Mihm et al., 2003; Ottino, 2004）. Specially, mega-projects, which are regarded as typically artificial complex systems, are composed of elements with different properties; connections among those elements change invariably. Mega-project management is proposed to analyze and deal with complexity （Sheng, 2018）.展开更多
文摘The rationality and scientific nature of the emission trading mechanism is the key to the effective implementation of environmental and economic policies.As far as China is concerned,there are phenomena such as information asymmetry,low supervision efficiency,and alienation of government and enterprise behaviors caused by the incomplete mechanism of emission trading in the practice of different pilots.The introduction of blockchain technology can innovate the traditional transaction model and form a decentralized peer-to-peer transaction and a trusted emission trading market.To this end,based on the current emission trading mechanism and the characteristics of blockchain technology,this paper couples the core technologies of blockchain with the functional requirements of application scenarios.Then,an innovative application framework is built based on the consortium blockchain Fabric from three aspects:emission trading supervision,secondary trading market construction,as well as emission trading incentive and punishment mechanisms.Technologies such as the consensus mechanism,smart contract,Merkle tree and asymmetric encryption are comprehensively applied in this process.In the construction of the blockchain framework of the secondary market for emission trading,institutional changes and innovations brought about by the blockchain at various levels are analyzed in terms of participants,transaction processes and the transaction scope.At the same time,smart contract functions and algorithms are designed for the purchase,transfer-out and trading of emission rights,and the operation business logic of the smart contract is analyzed.On the whole,this paper explores the application framework of blockchain technology in the field of emission trading at the macro level,and analyzes the application mechanism of the corresponding technologies of blockchain at each coupling point in the framework at the micro level.The collaborative analysis at the two levels shows that blockchain technology and the requirements of emission trading mechanism can be effectively coupled,and the application of blockchain technology can promote the effective supervision of enterprises'emission behavior,making the processes of the purchase,transfer and transaction of emission rights intelligent and automated,and providing technical support for cross regional emission trading to reduce transaction costs and management complexity.In addition,the issuance of emission credits based on smart contract will be a new incentive for companies to actively participate in transactions.Based on the above analysis,this paper believes that the innovative application of blockchain technology is of great significance in the promotion of the market-based allocation of element of emission trading and the rational allocation of environmental resources.It will lead to a major breakthrough in the traditional trading system in terms of trading modes,forming a value transmission network of environmental resources between the government and polluters.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China:71390525,National Natural Science Foundation of China:71620107004Shanghai Excellent Academic Leaders Program:14XD1402200
文摘Ecological compensation plays an important role in implementing the social responsibility of infrastructure mega-projects. Based on the results of a field study, an in-depth interview, and archive data, this paper introduces the ecological compensation for Sousa chinensis(the Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphin) during the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. It studies the concrete measures, decision-making processes,and organizational collaboration of the ecological compensation, using the method of a case study. The present study not only enriches our understanding of the ecological compensation practice during the construction of infrastructure mega-projects, but also extends the literature on the social responsibility of infrastructure mega-projects.This sheds light on the protection of the environment as well as biodiversity in the construction of future infrastructure mega-projects.
文摘Infrastructure mega-projects(IMPs)are large-scale engineering deliverables,such as hydropower projects,highspeed railways,expressway networks,gas pipeline projects,and long-span bridges.IMPs provide fundamental public services for social production,economic development,and daily life,and form the backbone of modern societies.The importance of IMPs has necessitated an improved understanding of how these facilities are managed.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.71390521 and 71771125)
文摘Mega-projects are characterized by their large-scale investments, long life-cycle, and extraordinary levels of organizational, technological, and environmental complexity （Flyvbjerg, 2017）. They are naturally regarded as large, coupled human, and physical systems consisting of coupled sub-systems linked through flows of human, information, and matter; these systems evolve through time （Bakhshi et al., 2016; Kiridena and Sense, 2016）. Not about let systems be, engineering refers to ＂making things happen＂ with convergence, optimum design, and operation consistency （Mihm et al., 2003; Ottino, 2004）. Specially, mega-projects, which are regarded as typically artificial complex systems, are composed of elements with different properties; connections among those elements change invariably. Mega-project management is proposed to analyze and deal with complexity （Sheng, 2018）.
