AIM: To determine the epidemiological characteristics and estimate the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Shandong Peninsula of China. METHODS: The cases of T...AIM: To determine the epidemiological characteristics and estimate the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Shandong Peninsula of China. METHODS: The cases of T2DM admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Shandong Province, China, from January 2006 to December 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. The epidemiological characteristics of DR were estimated. The cases were divided into two groups according to degrees of retinopathy: non-DR group and DR group. Logistic regression analysis was used to study the related risk factors of DR. RESULTS: The prevalence of DR in patients with T2DM was 25.08% (834/3326). There was significant difference between the average age for men (59.08 +/- 15.43 years) and for women (62.92 +/- 18.19 years, P=0.0021). The majority of DR occurred in women (female: male ratio=1.76:1, P<0.0001). The incidence rate of DR in urban (489/834) was higher than that in rural area (345/834, P<0.0001). In 834 DR patients, the mean duration of T2DM was 8.90 +/- 4.15 years (range: 0-16 years); 440 people (52.76%) had received varying degrees of health education about prevention and primary care of DM; and 473 people (56.71%) suffered from other DM complications confirmed at the same time. In addition, the incidence rate of monocular (551/3326) and binocular retinopathy (283/3326) were statistically different (P<0.0001). Factors associated (p<0.05) with the presence of DR included old age, lower health educational level, intraocular surgery history, longer duration of T2DM, accompanying with other DM complications, no standard treatment procedure, lower body mass index (BMI) and higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin A(1)C (HbA(1)C), urine albumin (UA), total cholesterol (TC), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The risk factors (P<0.05) independently associated with the presence of DR were: longer duration of T2DM, lower health educational level, higher FPG, higher UA, lower BMI and higher IC. CONCLUSION: DR is highly prevalent in the patients with T2DM in Shandong Peninsula of China. Besides blood glucose, many factors are associated with the present and development of DR.展开更多
AIM：To determine the epidemiological characteristics,clinical signs,laboratory findings,and outcomes in patients with corneal infection in Shandong peninsula of China.·METHODS：The medical records of 578 inpatie...AIM：To determine the epidemiological characteristics,clinical signs,laboratory findings,and outcomes in patients with corneal infection in Shandong peninsula of China.·METHODS：The medical records of 578 inpatients（578eyes）with corneal infection were reviewed retrospectively for demographic characteristics,risk factors,seasonal variation,clinical signs,laboratory findings,and treatment strategy.Patient history,ocular examination findings using slit-lamp biomicroscopy,laboratory findings resulted from microbiological cultures,and treatment.·RESULTS：Fungal keratitis constituted 58.48%of cases of infectious keratitis among the inpatients,followed by herpes simplex keratitis（20.76%）,bacterial keratitis（19.03%）and acanthamoeba keratitis（1.73%）.The most common risk factor was corneal trauma（71.80%）.The direct microscopic examination（338 cases）using potassium hydroxide（KOH）wet mounts was positive in296 cases（87.57%）.Among the 298 fungal culturepositive cases,Fusarium species were the most common isolates（70.47%）.A total of 517 cases（89.45%）received surgical intervention,including 255（44.12%）cases of penetrating keratoplasty,74（12.80%）cases of lamellar keratoplasty which has become increasingly popular,and77 cases（13.32%）of evisceration or enucleation.·CONCLUSION：At present,infectious keratitis is a primary corneal disease causing blindness in China.With Fusarium species being the most commonly identified pathogens,fungal keratitis is the leading cause of severe infectious corneal ulcers in Shandong peninsula of China.展开更多
文摘AIM: To determine the epidemiological characteristics and estimate the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Shandong Peninsula of China. METHODS: The cases of T2DM admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Shandong Province, China, from January 2006 to December 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. The epidemiological characteristics of DR were estimated. The cases were divided into two groups according to degrees of retinopathy: non-DR group and DR group. Logistic regression analysis was used to study the related risk factors of DR. RESULTS: The prevalence of DR in patients with T2DM was 25.08% (834/3326). There was significant difference between the average age for men (59.08 +/- 15.43 years) and for women (62.92 +/- 18.19 years, P=0.0021). The majority of DR occurred in women (female: male ratio=1.76:1, P<0.0001). The incidence rate of DR in urban (489/834) was higher than that in rural area (345/834, P<0.0001). In 834 DR patients, the mean duration of T2DM was 8.90 +/- 4.15 years (range: 0-16 years); 440 people (52.76%) had received varying degrees of health education about prevention and primary care of DM; and 473 people (56.71%) suffered from other DM complications confirmed at the same time. In addition, the incidence rate of monocular (551/3326) and binocular retinopathy (283/3326) were statistically different (P<0.0001). Factors associated (p<0.05) with the presence of DR included old age, lower health educational level, intraocular surgery history, longer duration of T2DM, accompanying with other DM complications, no standard treatment procedure, lower body mass index (BMI) and higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin A(1)C (HbA(1)C), urine albumin (UA), total cholesterol (TC), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The risk factors (P<0.05) independently associated with the presence of DR were: longer duration of T2DM, lower health educational level, higher FPG, higher UA, lower BMI and higher IC. CONCLUSION: DR is highly prevalent in the patients with T2DM in Shandong Peninsula of China. Besides blood glucose, many factors are associated with the present and development of DR.
文摘AIM：To determine the epidemiological characteristics,clinical signs,laboratory findings,and outcomes in patients with corneal infection in Shandong peninsula of China.·METHODS：The medical records of 578 inpatients（578eyes）with corneal infection were reviewed retrospectively for demographic characteristics,risk factors,seasonal variation,clinical signs,laboratory findings,and treatment strategy.Patient history,ocular examination findings using slit-lamp biomicroscopy,laboratory findings resulted from microbiological cultures,and treatment.·RESULTS：Fungal keratitis constituted 58.48%of cases of infectious keratitis among the inpatients,followed by herpes simplex keratitis（20.76%）,bacterial keratitis（19.03%）and acanthamoeba keratitis（1.73%）.The most common risk factor was corneal trauma（71.80%）.The direct microscopic examination（338 cases）using potassium hydroxide（KOH）wet mounts was positive in296 cases（87.57%）.Among the 298 fungal culturepositive cases,Fusarium species were the most common isolates（70.47%）.A total of 517 cases（89.45%）received surgical intervention,including 255（44.12%）cases of penetrating keratoplasty,74（12.80%）cases of lamellar keratoplasty which has become increasingly popular,and77 cases（13.32%）of evisceration or enucleation.·CONCLUSION：At present,infectious keratitis is a primary corneal disease causing blindness in China.With Fusarium species being the most commonly identified pathogens,fungal keratitis is the leading cause of severe infectious corneal ulcers in Shandong peninsula of China.
