Over millions of years of natural evolution,organisms have developed nearly perfect structures and functions.The self-fabrication of organisms serves as a valuable source of inspiration for designing the next-generati...Over millions of years of natural evolution,organisms have developed nearly perfect structures and functions.The self-fabrication of organisms serves as a valuable source of inspiration for designing the next-generation of structural materials,and is driving the future paradigm shift of modern materials science and engineering.However,the complex structures and multifunctional integrated optimization of organisms far exceed the capability of artificial design and fabrication technology,and new manufacturing methods are urgently needed to achieve efficient reproduction of biological functions.As one of the most valuable advanced manufacturing technologies of the 21st century,laser processing technology provides an efficient solution to the critical challenges of bionic manufacturing.This review outlines the processing principles,manufacturing strategies,potential applications,challenges,and future development outlook of laser processing in bionic manufacturing domains.Three primary manufacturing strategies for laser-based bionic manufacturing are elucidated:subtractive manufacturing,equivalent manufacturing,and additive manufacturing.The progress and trends in bionic subtractive manufacturing applied to micro/nano structural surfaces,bionic equivalent manufacturing for surface strengthening,and bionic additive manufacturing aiming to achieve bionic spatial structures,are reported.Finally,the key problems faced by laser-based bionic manufacturing,its limitations,and the development trends of its existing technologies are discussed.展开更多
Post-heat treatment is commonly employed to improve the microstructural homogeneity and enhance the mechanical performances of the additively manufactured metallic materials.In this work,a ternary(NiTi)91Nb9(at.%)shap...Post-heat treatment is commonly employed to improve the microstructural homogeneity and enhance the mechanical performances of the additively manufactured metallic materials.In this work,a ternary(NiTi)91Nb9(at.%)shape memory alloy was produced by laser powder bed fusion(L-PBF)using pre-alloyed NiTi and elemental Nb powders.The effect of solution treatment on the microstructure,phase transformation behavior and mechanical/functional performances was investigated.The in-situ alloyed(NiTi)91Nb9 alloy exhibits a submicron cellular-dendritic structure surrounding the supersaturated B2-NiTi matrix.Upon high-temperature(1273 K)solution treatment,Nb-rich precipitates were precipitated from the supersaturated matrix.The fragmentation and spheroidization of the NiTi/Nb eutectics occurred during solution treatment,leading to a morphological transition from mesh-like into rod-like and sphere-like.Coarsening of theβ-Nb phases occurred with increasing holding time.The martensite transformation temperature increases after solution treatment,mainly attributed to:(i)reduced lattice distortion due to the Nb expulsion from the supersaturated B2-NiTi,and(ii)the Ti expulsion from theβ-Nb phases that lowers the ratio Ni/Ti in the B2-NiTi matrix,which resulted from the microstructure changes from non-equilibrium to equilibrium state.The thermal hysteresis of the solutionized alloys is around 145 K after 20%pre-deformation,which is comparable to the conventional NiTiNb alloys.A short-term solution treatment(i.e.at 1273 K for 30 min)enhances the ductility and strength of the as-printed specimen,with the increase of fracture stress from(613±19)MPa to(781±20)MPa and the increase of fracture strain from(7.6±0.1)%to(9.5±0.4)%.Both the as-printed and solutionized samples exhibit good tensile shape memory effects with recovery rates>90%.This work suggests that post-process heat treatment is essential to optimize the microstructure and improve the mechanical performances of the L-PBF in-situ alloyed parts.展开更多
Industrial water splitting has long been suppressed by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),which requires a catalyst to be efficient.Herein,we propose a molecular-level proton acceptor strategy...Industrial water splitting has long been suppressed by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),which requires a catalyst to be efficient.Herein,we propose a molecular-level proton acceptor strategy to produce an efficient OER catalyst that can boost industrial-scale water splitting.Molecular-level phosphate(-PO_(4))group is introduced to modify the surface of PrBa_(0.5)Ca_(0.5)Co_(2)O_(5)+δ(PBCC).The achieved catalyst(PO_(4)-PBCC)exhibits significantly enhanced catalytic performance in alkaline media.Based on the X-ray absorption spectroscopy results and density functional theory(DFT)calculations,the PO_(4)on the surface,which is regarded as the Lewis base,is the key factor to overcome the kinetic limitation of the proton transfer process during the OER.The use of the catalyst in a membrane electrode assembly(MEA)is further evaluated for industrial-scale water splitting,and it only needs a low voltage of 1.66 V to achieve a large current density of 1 A cm^(-2).This work provides a new molecular-level strategy to develop highly efficient OER electrocatalysts for industrial applications.展开更多
Beany flavor induced by three lipoxygenases(LOXs, including LOX1, LOX2, and LOX3)restricts human consumption of soybean. It is desirable to generate lipoxygenase-free new mutant lines to improve the eating quality of ...Beany flavor induced by three lipoxygenases(LOXs, including LOX1, LOX2, and LOX3)restricts human consumption of soybean. It is desirable to generate lipoxygenase-free new mutant lines to improve the eating quality of soybean oil and protein products. In this study, a pooled clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-CRISPRassociated protein 9(Cas9) strategy targeting three GmLox genes(GmLox1, GmLox2, and GmLox3) was applied and 60 T_0 positive transgenic plants were generated, carrying combinations of sg RNAs and mutations. Among them, GmLox-28 and GmLox-60 were gmlox1 gmlox2 gmlox3 triple mutants and GmLox-40 was a gmlox1 gmlox2 double mutant.Sequencing of T_1 mutant plants derived from GmLox-28, GmLox-60, and GmLox-40 showed that mutation in the GmLox gene was inherited by the next generation. Colorimetric assay revealed that plants carrying different combinations of mutations lost the corresponding lipoxygenase activities. Transgene-free mutants were obtained by screening the T_2 generation of lipoxygenase-free mutant lines(GmLox-28 and GmLox-60). These transgeneand lipoxygenase-free mutants could be used for soybean beany flavor reduction without restriction by regulatory frameworks governing transgenic organisms.展开更多
Personalized drugs,as well as disease-specific and condition-dependent drug release,have been highly desired in drug delivery systems for effective and safe therapies.Four-dimensional(4 D)printing,as a newly emerging ...Personalized drugs,as well as disease-specific and condition-dependent drug release,have been highly desired in drug delivery systems for effective and safe therapies.Four-dimensional(4 D)printing,as a newly emerging technique to develop drug capsules,displays unique advantages that can autonomously control drug release according to the actual physiological circumstances.Herein,core-shell structured hydrogel capsules were developed using a multimaterial extrusion-based 4 D printing method,which consists of a model drug as the core and UV cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAM)hydrogel as the shell.Owing to the lower critical solution temperature(LCST)-induced shrinking/swelling properties,the prepared PNIPAM hydrogel capsules showed temperature-responsive drug release along with the topography changes in the cross-linked PNIPAM network.The in vitro drug release test confirmed that the PNIPAM hydrogel capsules can autonomously control their drug release behaviors according to changes in ambient temperature.Moreover,the increased shell thickness of these capsules causes an obvious reduction in drug release rate,distinctly indicating that the drug release behavior can be well adjusted by setting the shell thickness of the capsules.The proposed 4 D printing strategy pioneers the paradigm of smart drug release by showing great potential in the smart controlled release of drugs and macromolecular active agents.展开更多
Shape memory polymers(SMPs)are a promising class of materials for biomedical applications due to their favorable mechanical properties,fast response,and good biocompatibility.However,it is difficult to achieve control...Shape memory polymers(SMPs)are a promising class of materials for biomedical applications due to their favorable mechanical properties,fast response,and good biocompatibility.However,it is difficult to achieve controllable sequential shape change for most SMPs due to their high deformation temperature and the simplex deformation process.Herein,shape memory composites based on polylactic acid(PLA)matrix and semi-crystalline linear polymer polycaprolactone(PCL)are fabricated using 4D printing technology.Compared with pure PLA,with the rise of PCL content,the 4D-printed PLA/PCL composites show decreased glass transition temperature(Tg)from 67.2 to 55.2°C.Through the precise control of the deformation condition,controllable sequential deformation with an outstanding shape memory effect can be achieved for the PLA/PCL shape memory composites.The response time of shape recovery is less than 1.2 s,and the shape fixation/recov-ery rates are above 92%.In order to simulate sequential petal opening and sequential drug releasing effects,a double-layer bionic flower and a drug release device,respectively,are presented by assembling PLA/PCL samples with different PLA/PCL ratios.The results indicate the potential applications of 4D-printed PLA/PCL composites in the field of bio-inspired robotics and biomedical devices.展开更多
Nickel-based alloy coatings were widely used for the remanufacturing of dies and moulds by laser cladding,but the crack sensitivity would be increase due to the higher strength and hardness,which reduced the wear resi...Nickel-based alloy coatings were widely used for the remanufacturing of dies and moulds by laser cladding,but the crack sensitivity would be increase due to the higher strength and hardness,which reduced the wear resistance of Ni-based alloys.In this paper,Ni-based coatings with the addition of a plastic phase(an austenitic stainless net)were prepared using laser cladding technology,and the CeO_(2)was added in cladding layers.The cracking mechanism,microhardness,microstructure,phase composition,and wear properties were investigated.The relationship between thermal stress and the elastic and plastic fracture had been developed from the standpoint of fracture mechan-ics and thermal elastic fracture mechanics.The fracture criterion of the nickel-based coating was obtained,and the study has shown that the crack sensitivity could be reduced by decreasing the thermal expansion coefficientΔα.Thus,a new method was proposed,which the stainless steel nets were prefabricated on the substrate.It was found that the number of cracks reduced significantly with the addition of stainless steel net.When the stainless steel net with 14 mesh was added in Ni-based coatings,the average microhardness of nickel composite coating was 565 HV_(0.2),which was 2.6 times higher than that of the 45 steel substrate.Although the rare earth oxide 4 wt.%CeO_(2)and stainless steel net were added in the Ni-based coating reducing the microhardness(the average microhardness is 425 HV_(0.2)),the wear resistance of it improved substantially.The wear volume of Ni-based composite coating was 0.56×10^(−5) mm^(3)·N^(−1)·m^(−1),which was 85.1%lower than that of 45 steel.The experiment results have shown that the Nickel-based composite coating is equipped with low crack sensitivity and high abrasive resistance with austenitic stainless net and the rare earth oxide 4 wt.%CeO2.This research offers an efficient solution to produce components with low crack susceptibility and high wear-resistance coatings fabricated by laser cladding.展开更多
Programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1)blockade is an important therapeutic strategy for melanoma,despite its low clinical response.It is important to identify genes and pathways th...Programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1)blockade is an important therapeutic strategy for melanoma,despite its low clinical response.It is important to identify genes and pathways that may reflect the clinical outcomes of this therapy in patients.We analyzed clinical dataset GSE96619,which contains clinical information from five melanoma patients before and after anti-PD-1 therapy(five pairs of data).We identified 704 DEGs using these five pairs of data,and then the number of DEGs was narrowed down to 286 in patients who responded to treatment.Next,we performed KEGG pathway enrichment and constructed a DEG-associated protein-protein interaction network.Smooth muscle actin 2(ACTA2)and tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor(KDR)were identified as the hub genes,which were significantly downregulated in the tumor tissue of the two patients who re-sponded to treatment.To confirm our analysis,we demonstrated similar expression tendency to the clinical data for the two hub genes in a B16F10 subcutaneous xeno-graft model.This study demonstrates that ACTA2 and KDR are valuable responsive markers for PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy.展开更多
The investigation on the fluctuations of nonlinear Rossby waves is of great importance for the understanding of atmospheric or oceanic motions.The present paper mainly deals with the well-known atmospheric blocking ph...The investigation on the fluctuations of nonlinear Rossby waves is of great importance for the understanding of atmospheric or oceanic motions.The present paper mainly deals with the well-known atmospheric blocking phenomena through the nonlinear Rossby wave theories and the corresponding methods.Based on the equivalent barotropic potential vorticity model in theβ-plane approximation underlying a weak time-dependent mean flow,the multiscale technique and perturbation approximated methods are adopted to derive a new forced Korteweg-de Vries model equation with varied coefficients(vfKdV)for the Rossby wave amplitude.For a further analytical treatment of the obtained model problem,a special kind of basic flow is adopted.The evolution processes of atmospheric blocking are well discussed according to the given parameters according to the dipole blocking theory.The effects of some physical factors,especially the mean flow,on the propagation of atmospheric blocking are analyzed.展开更多
Primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the uterine cervix is rarely observed.Here,we report a case of"double-protein"expression in a primary uterine cervical diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that was detected based...Primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the uterine cervix is rarely observed.Here,we report a case of"double-protein"expression in a primary uterine cervical diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that was detected based on cervical biopsies at Sichuan Cancer Hospital in December 2016 in a 53-year-old woman with a 1-month history of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding.She was diagnosed with stage IVA cervical cancer after workup and treated with six cycles of rituximab+cyclophosphamide+epirubicin+vindesine+prednisone.She showed a positive partial response after two cycles;however,response assessment revealed a progressive disease after six cycles.Based on the current condition,a treatment regimen comprising a combination of second-line chemotherapy and radiotherapy was advised for the patient.Unfortunately,she discontinued her treatment because of various factors.We conclude that"double-protein"expression in primary uterine cervical diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is difficult to treat and has a poor prognosis.Therefore,improving the diagnosis and treatment of this disease should be considered.展开更多
The efficient utilization of photocatalytic technology is essential for clean energy.Bismuth-based multimetal oxides(Bi_(2)WO_(6),Bi_(2)MoO_(6),BiVO_(4)and Bi_(4)Ti_(3)O_(12))have aroused widespread attention as a vis...The efficient utilization of photocatalytic technology is essential for clean energy.Bismuth-based multimetal oxides(Bi_(2)WO_(6),Bi_(2)MoO_(6),BiVO_(4)and Bi_(4)Ti_(3)O_(12))have aroused widespread attention as a visible light responsive photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution due to their low cost,nontoxicity,modifiable morphology,and outstanding optical and chemical properties.Nevertheless,the photocatalytic activities of pure materials are unsatisfactory because of their relative small specific surface area,poor quantum yield,and the rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers.Therefore,some modification strategies,including morphological control,semiconductor combination,doping,and defect engineering,have been systematically studied to enhance photocatalytic H_(2)evolution activity in the past few years.Herein,we summarize the recent research progress on bismuth-based photocatalysts,pointing out the prospects,opportunities and challenges of bismuth-based photocatalysts.Eventually,we aims to put forward valuable suggestions for designing of bismuth-based photocatalysts applied in hydrogen production on the premise of consolidating the existing theoretical basis of photocatalysis.展开更多
With the deepening of human research on deep space exploration,our research on the soft landing methods of landers has gradually deepened.Adding a buffer and energy-absorbing structure to the leg structure of the land...With the deepening of human research on deep space exploration,our research on the soft landing methods of landers has gradually deepened.Adding a buffer and energy-absorbing structure to the leg structure of the lander has become an effective design solution.Based on the energy-absorbing structure of the leg of the interstellar lander,this paper studies the appearance characteristics of the predatory feet of the Odontodactylus scyllarus.The predatory feet of the Odontodactylus scyllarus can not only hit the prey highly when preying,but also can easily withstand the huge counter-impact force.The predatory feet structure of the Odontodactylus scyllarus,like a symmetrical cone,shows excellent rigidity and energy absorption capacity.Inspired by this discovery,we used SLM technology to design and manufacture two nickel-titanium samples,which respectively show high elasticity,shape memory,and get better energy absorption capacity.This research provides an effective way to design and manufacture high-mechanical energy-absorbing buffer structures using bionic 3D printing technology and nickel-titanium alloys.展开更多
Chemotherapy drug resistance is the main cause leading to the relapse and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients.Our study aimed to investigate the mechanism of pemetrexed resistance in NSCLC.Firstly,...Chemotherapy drug resistance is the main cause leading to the relapse and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients.Our study aimed to investigate the mechanism of pemetrexed resistance in NSCLC.Firstly,the pemetrexed(PEM)-resistant PC-9 and A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines(PC-9/PEM and A549/PEM)were established.The expression of thymidylate synthase(TS)in PC-9/PEM,A549/PEM,A549,and PC-9 cells were analyzed by qRT-PCR and western blot.Then,cell viability,colony formation,migration,and invasion were performed on PEM-resistant cells transfected with TS siRNA.The role of EGFR in PEM resistance of PEM-resistant cells was investigated using EGFR siRNA.The effects of gefitinib and EGFR siRNA on EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway and downstream signaling Cyclin D1 and E2F1 in PEM-resistant cells were analyzed.Results showed that the protein level of TS was significantly increased in A549/PEM and PC-9/PEM.TS knockdown inhibited the potency of proliferation,colony-forming potential,migration,and invasion in PEM-resistant cells.EGFR knockdown abrogated the resistance to PEM of PEM-resistant cells and suppressed the migration and invasion of PEM-resistant cells.Gefitinib treatment and EGFR knockdown respectively inhibited the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway and downregulated Cyclin D1 and E2F1 in PEM-resistant cells.Thus,TS might be a predictive marker for PEM resistance in NSCLC.Inhibition of the EGFR pathway abrogated the resistance to PEM and inhibited the EGFR/PI3K/AKT and downstream signaling of PEM-resistant NSCLC cell lines.展开更多
A novel ZIF-8-CMC hybrid material was fabricated from the hybridization of ZIF-8 and carboxymethylcellulose(CMC) by impregnation method for n-hexane/3-methylpentane separation.The surface properties of ZIF-8 were tail...A novel ZIF-8-CMC hybrid material was fabricated from the hybridization of ZIF-8 and carboxymethylcellulose(CMC) by impregnation method for n-hexane/3-methylpentane separation.The surface properties of ZIF-8 were tailored by introducing CMC into ZIF-8 nanoparticles.In this work,adsorption separation of n-hexane(nHEX) and 3-methylpentane(3 MP) on ZIF-8-CMC were investigated by batch vapor-phase adsorption and liquid-phase breakthrough adsorption.The adsorption selectivity of nHEX/3 MP reversed from preferable adsorption of nHEX to preferable adsorption of 3 MP upon the increasing of CMC containing in the hybrid materials.As the temperature increases,the adsorption amounts of nHEX and 3 MP decrease.With the increasing of CMC contents,the nHEX uptake decreased,the uptake capacity of 3 MP increased gradually.For liquid-phase breakthrough adsorption,the dynamic adsorption capacity of nHEX also decreased with the increasing of temperature.展开更多
Carbon fiber reinforced aluminum composites with ordered architectures of shear-induced aligned carbon fibers were fabricated by 3D printing.The microstructures of the printed and sintered samples and mechanical prope...Carbon fiber reinforced aluminum composites with ordered architectures of shear-induced aligned carbon fibers were fabricated by 3D printing.The microstructures of the printed and sintered samples and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated.Carbon fibers and aluminum powder were bonded together with resin.The spatial arrangement of the carbon fibers was fixed in the aluminum matrix by shear-induced alignment in the3D printing process.As a result,the elongation of the composites with a parallel arrangement of aligned fibers and the impact toughness of the composites with an orthogonal arrangement were 0.82%and 0.41 J/cm^(2),respectively,about 0.4 and 0.8 times higher than that of the random arrangement.展开更多
Objective The study aimed to explore the clinical efficacy of P-Gemox regimen sandwich radiotherapy, P-Gemox regimen sequential radiotherapy, and radiotherapy alone in early-stage extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymp...Objective The study aimed to explore the clinical efficacy of P-Gemox regimen sandwich radiotherapy, P-Gemox regimen sequential radiotherapy, and radiotherapy alone in early-stage extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma(ENKTL).Methods In total, 124 patients with early-stage ENKTL, from June 2009 to January 2016, were retrospectively analyzed to compare the clinical efficacy of the three regimens. Results A total of 46 patients were treated with P-Gemox regimen sandwich radiotherapy, with complete remission(CR) of 91.3%, objective response rate(ORR) of 97.8%, 2-year progression-free survival(PFS) of 76.1%, and 2-year overall survival(OS) of 80.4%. Then, 37 patients received P-Gemox regimen sequential radiotherapy, with CR of 86.5%, ORR of 94.6%, 2-year PFS of 75.7%, and 2-year OS of 81.1%. Finally, 41 patients received radiotherapy alone, with CR of 61.0%, ORR of 80.5%, 2-year PFS of 51.2%, and 2-year OS of 65.9%. When the two groups were compared, significant differences in CR, PFS, and OS were observed among the sandwich radiotherapy, sequential radiotherapy, and radiotherapy alone groups(P < 0.05), respectively. However, no significant difference in CR, ORR, PFS, and OS was observed between the sandwich radiotherapy and sequential radiotherapy groups(P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG), serum lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), plateletto-lymphocyte ratio(PLR), local tumor invasion, and treatment modalities were independent prognostic factors for PFS(P < 0.05). ECOG, LDH, PLR, local tumor invasion, underlying disease, and treatment modalities were independent prognostic factors for OS(P < 0.05).Conclusion P-Gemox regimen combination radiotherapy for patients with early-stage ENKTL was better than the radiotherapy alone.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52235006 and 52025053)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2022YFB4600500)
文摘Over millions of years of natural evolution,organisms have developed nearly perfect structures and functions.The self-fabrication of organisms serves as a valuable source of inspiration for designing the next-generation of structural materials,and is driving the future paradigm shift of modern materials science and engineering.However,the complex structures and multifunctional integrated optimization of organisms far exceed the capability of artificial design and fabrication technology,and new manufacturing methods are urgently needed to achieve efficient reproduction of biological functions.As one of the most valuable advanced manufacturing technologies of the 21st century,laser processing technology provides an efficient solution to the critical challenges of bionic manufacturing.This review outlines the processing principles,manufacturing strategies,potential applications,challenges,and future development outlook of laser processing in bionic manufacturing domains.Three primary manufacturing strategies for laser-based bionic manufacturing are elucidated:subtractive manufacturing,equivalent manufacturing,and additive manufacturing.The progress and trends in bionic subtractive manufacturing applied to micro/nano structural surfaces,bionic equivalent manufacturing for surface strengthening,and bionic additive manufacturing aiming to achieve bionic spatial structures,are reported.Finally,the key problems faced by laser-based bionic manufacturing,its limitations,and the development trends of its existing technologies are discussed.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2020YQ39, ZR2020ZD05)Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province (tsqn202211002)the Young Scholars Program of Shandong University (Grant Number 2018WLJH24)
文摘Post-heat treatment is commonly employed to improve the microstructural homogeneity and enhance the mechanical performances of the additively manufactured metallic materials.In this work,a ternary(NiTi)91Nb9(at.%)shape memory alloy was produced by laser powder bed fusion(L-PBF)using pre-alloyed NiTi and elemental Nb powders.The effect of solution treatment on the microstructure,phase transformation behavior and mechanical/functional performances was investigated.The in-situ alloyed(NiTi)91Nb9 alloy exhibits a submicron cellular-dendritic structure surrounding the supersaturated B2-NiTi matrix.Upon high-temperature(1273 K)solution treatment,Nb-rich precipitates were precipitated from the supersaturated matrix.The fragmentation and spheroidization of the NiTi/Nb eutectics occurred during solution treatment,leading to a morphological transition from mesh-like into rod-like and sphere-like.Coarsening of theβ-Nb phases occurred with increasing holding time.The martensite transformation temperature increases after solution treatment,mainly attributed to:(i)reduced lattice distortion due to the Nb expulsion from the supersaturated B2-NiTi,and(ii)the Ti expulsion from theβ-Nb phases that lowers the ratio Ni/Ti in the B2-NiTi matrix,which resulted from the microstructure changes from non-equilibrium to equilibrium state.The thermal hysteresis of the solutionized alloys is around 145 K after 20%pre-deformation,which is comparable to the conventional NiTiNb alloys.A short-term solution treatment(i.e.at 1273 K for 30 min)enhances the ductility and strength of the as-printed specimen,with the increase of fracture stress from(613±19)MPa to(781±20)MPa and the increase of fracture strain from(7.6±0.1)%to(9.5±0.4)%.Both the as-printed and solutionized samples exhibit good tensile shape memory effects with recovery rates>90%.This work suggests that post-process heat treatment is essential to optimize the microstructure and improve the mechanical performances of the L-PBF in-situ alloyed parts.
基金supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(22272081),Jiangsu Provincial Specially Appointed Professors Foundation.
文摘Industrial water splitting has long been suppressed by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),which requires a catalyst to be efficient.Herein,we propose a molecular-level proton acceptor strategy to produce an efficient OER catalyst that can boost industrial-scale water splitting.Molecular-level phosphate(-PO_(4))group is introduced to modify the surface of PrBa_(0.5)Ca_(0.5)Co_(2)O_(5)+δ(PBCC).The achieved catalyst(PO_(4)-PBCC)exhibits significantly enhanced catalytic performance in alkaline media.Based on the X-ray absorption spectroscopy results and density functional theory(DFT)calculations,the PO_(4)on the surface,which is regarded as the Lewis base,is the key factor to overcome the kinetic limitation of the proton transfer process during the OER.The use of the catalyst in a membrane electrode assembly(MEA)is further evaluated for industrial-scale water splitting,and it only needs a low voltage of 1.66 V to achieve a large current density of 1 A cm^(-2).This work provides a new molecular-level strategy to develop highly efficient OER electrocatalysts for industrial applications.
基金supported by funds from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100700)to Y.G。
文摘Beany flavor induced by three lipoxygenases(LOXs, including LOX1, LOX2, and LOX3)restricts human consumption of soybean. It is desirable to generate lipoxygenase-free new mutant lines to improve the eating quality of soybean oil and protein products. In this study, a pooled clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-CRISPRassociated protein 9(Cas9) strategy targeting three GmLox genes(GmLox1, GmLox2, and GmLox3) was applied and 60 T_0 positive transgenic plants were generated, carrying combinations of sg RNAs and mutations. Among them, GmLox-28 and GmLox-60 were gmlox1 gmlox2 gmlox3 triple mutants and GmLox-40 was a gmlox1 gmlox2 double mutant.Sequencing of T_1 mutant plants derived from GmLox-28, GmLox-60, and GmLox-40 showed that mutation in the GmLox gene was inherited by the next generation. Colorimetric assay revealed that plants carrying different combinations of mutations lost the corresponding lipoxygenase activities. Transgene-free mutants were obtained by screening the T_2 generation of lipoxygenase-free mutant lines(GmLox-28 and GmLox-60). These transgeneand lipoxygenase-free mutants could be used for soybean beany flavor reduction without restriction by regulatory frameworks governing transgenic organisms.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFB1105100)。
文摘Personalized drugs,as well as disease-specific and condition-dependent drug release,have been highly desired in drug delivery systems for effective and safe therapies.Four-dimensional(4 D)printing,as a newly emerging technique to develop drug capsules,displays unique advantages that can autonomously control drug release according to the actual physiological circumstances.Herein,core-shell structured hydrogel capsules were developed using a multimaterial extrusion-based 4 D printing method,which consists of a model drug as the core and UV cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAM)hydrogel as the shell.Owing to the lower critical solution temperature(LCST)-induced shrinking/swelling properties,the prepared PNIPAM hydrogel capsules showed temperature-responsive drug release along with the topography changes in the cross-linked PNIPAM network.The in vitro drug release test confirmed that the PNIPAM hydrogel capsules can autonomously control their drug release behaviors according to changes in ambient temperature.Moreover,the increased shell thickness of these capsules causes an obvious reduction in drug release rate,distinctly indicating that the drug release behavior can be well adjusted by setting the shell thickness of the capsules.The proposed 4 D printing strategy pioneers the paradigm of smart drug release by showing great potential in the smart controlled release of drugs and macromolecular active agents.
基金supported by the Project of National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2018YFB1105100 and 2018YFC2001300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.5167050531,51822504,91848204,91948302,and 52021003)+2 种基金the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Jilin Province(No.20180201051GX)the Program for JLU Science and Technology Innovative Research Team(No.2017TD-04)the Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Jilin Province(No.JJKH20211084KJ).
文摘Shape memory polymers(SMPs)are a promising class of materials for biomedical applications due to their favorable mechanical properties,fast response,and good biocompatibility.However,it is difficult to achieve controllable sequential shape change for most SMPs due to their high deformation temperature and the simplex deformation process.Herein,shape memory composites based on polylactic acid(PLA)matrix and semi-crystalline linear polymer polycaprolactone(PCL)are fabricated using 4D printing technology.Compared with pure PLA,with the rise of PCL content,the 4D-printed PLA/PCL composites show decreased glass transition temperature(Tg)from 67.2 to 55.2°C.Through the precise control of the deformation condition,controllable sequential deformation with an outstanding shape memory effect can be achieved for the PLA/PCL shape memory composites.The response time of shape recovery is less than 1.2 s,and the shape fixation/recov-ery rates are above 92%.In order to simulate sequential petal opening and sequential drug releasing effects,a double-layer bionic flower and a drug release device,respectively,are presented by assembling PLA/PCL samples with different PLA/PCL ratios.The results indicate the potential applications of 4D-printed PLA/PCL composites in the field of bio-inspired robotics and biomedical devices.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFB1105100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51975246)+5 种基金Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Development Plan of China(Grant Nos.20190302123GX,YDZJ202101ZYTS134)the State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control-ziyoutansuoxiangmu(202013)Interdisciplinary Research Funding Program for Doctoral Candidates of Jilin University(101832020DJX052)Science and Technology Project of Jilin Education Department(Grant No.JJKH20200958KJ)Program for JLU Science and Technology Innovative Research Team(Grant No.2019TD-34)the Advanced Manufacturing Project of Provincial School Construction of Jilin Province of China(Grant No.SXGJSF2017-2).
文摘Nickel-based alloy coatings were widely used for the remanufacturing of dies and moulds by laser cladding,but the crack sensitivity would be increase due to the higher strength and hardness,which reduced the wear resistance of Ni-based alloys.In this paper,Ni-based coatings with the addition of a plastic phase(an austenitic stainless net)were prepared using laser cladding technology,and the CeO_(2)was added in cladding layers.The cracking mechanism,microhardness,microstructure,phase composition,and wear properties were investigated.The relationship between thermal stress and the elastic and plastic fracture had been developed from the standpoint of fracture mechan-ics and thermal elastic fracture mechanics.The fracture criterion of the nickel-based coating was obtained,and the study has shown that the crack sensitivity could be reduced by decreasing the thermal expansion coefficientΔα.Thus,a new method was proposed,which the stainless steel nets were prefabricated on the substrate.It was found that the number of cracks reduced significantly with the addition of stainless steel net.When the stainless steel net with 14 mesh was added in Ni-based coatings,the average microhardness of nickel composite coating was 565 HV_(0.2),which was 2.6 times higher than that of the 45 steel substrate.Although the rare earth oxide 4 wt.%CeO_(2)and stainless steel net were added in the Ni-based coating reducing the microhardness(the average microhardness is 425 HV_(0.2)),the wear resistance of it improved substantially.The wear volume of Ni-based composite coating was 0.56×10^(−5) mm^(3)·N^(−1)·m^(−1),which was 85.1%lower than that of 45 steel.The experiment results have shown that the Nickel-based composite coating is equipped with low crack sensitivity and high abrasive resistance with austenitic stainless net and the rare earth oxide 4 wt.%CeO2.This research offers an efficient solution to produce components with low crack susceptibility and high wear-resistance coatings fabricated by laser cladding.
基金This work was supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences[2017-I2M-1-010].
文摘Programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1)blockade is an important therapeutic strategy for melanoma,despite its low clinical response.It is important to identify genes and pathways that may reflect the clinical outcomes of this therapy in patients.We analyzed clinical dataset GSE96619,which contains clinical information from five melanoma patients before and after anti-PD-1 therapy(five pairs of data).We identified 704 DEGs using these five pairs of data,and then the number of DEGs was narrowed down to 286 in patients who responded to treatment.Next,we performed KEGG pathway enrichment and constructed a DEG-associated protein-protein interaction network.Smooth muscle actin 2(ACTA2)and tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor(KDR)were identified as the hub genes,which were significantly downregulated in the tumor tissue of the two patients who re-sponded to treatment.To confirm our analysis,we demonstrated similar expression tendency to the clinical data for the two hub genes in a B16F10 subcutaneous xeno-graft model.This study demonstrates that ACTA2 and KDR are valuable responsive markers for PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12102205 and 11762011)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(No.2020BS01002)+2 种基金the Research Program of Science at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(No.NJZY20003)the Scientific Starting Foundation of Inner Mongolia University of China(No.21100-5185105)the Innovative Research Team in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(No.NMGIRT2008)。
文摘The investigation on the fluctuations of nonlinear Rossby waves is of great importance for the understanding of atmospheric or oceanic motions.The present paper mainly deals with the well-known atmospheric blocking phenomena through the nonlinear Rossby wave theories and the corresponding methods.Based on the equivalent barotropic potential vorticity model in theβ-plane approximation underlying a weak time-dependent mean flow,the multiscale technique and perturbation approximated methods are adopted to derive a new forced Korteweg-de Vries model equation with varied coefficients(vfKdV)for the Rossby wave amplitude.For a further analytical treatment of the obtained model problem,a special kind of basic flow is adopted.The evolution processes of atmospheric blocking are well discussed according to the given parameters according to the dipole blocking theory.The effects of some physical factors,especially the mean flow,on the propagation of atmospheric blocking are analyzed.
文摘Primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the uterine cervix is rarely observed.Here,we report a case of"double-protein"expression in a primary uterine cervical diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that was detected based on cervical biopsies at Sichuan Cancer Hospital in December 2016 in a 53-year-old woman with a 1-month history of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding.She was diagnosed with stage IVA cervical cancer after workup and treated with six cycles of rituximab+cyclophosphamide+epirubicin+vindesine+prednisone.She showed a positive partial response after two cycles;however,response assessment revealed a progressive disease after six cycles.Based on the current condition,a treatment regimen comprising a combination of second-line chemotherapy and radiotherapy was advised for the patient.Unfortunately,she discontinued her treatment because of various factors.We conclude that"double-protein"expression in primary uterine cervical diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is difficult to treat and has a poor prognosis.Therefore,improving the diagnosis and treatment of this disease should be considered.
基金This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(21706132 and 21976093)Jiangsu Provincial Specially Appointed Professors Foundation,The Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of NUIST.
文摘The efficient utilization of photocatalytic technology is essential for clean energy.Bismuth-based multimetal oxides(Bi_(2)WO_(6),Bi_(2)MoO_(6),BiVO_(4)and Bi_(4)Ti_(3)O_(12))have aroused widespread attention as a visible light responsive photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution due to their low cost,nontoxicity,modifiable morphology,and outstanding optical and chemical properties.Nevertheless,the photocatalytic activities of pure materials are unsatisfactory because of their relative small specific surface area,poor quantum yield,and the rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers.Therefore,some modification strategies,including morphological control,semiconductor combination,doping,and defect engineering,have been systematically studied to enhance photocatalytic H_(2)evolution activity in the past few years.Herein,we summarize the recent research progress on bismuth-based photocatalysts,pointing out the prospects,opportunities and challenges of bismuth-based photocatalysts.Eventually,we aims to put forward valuable suggestions for designing of bismuth-based photocatalysts applied in hydrogen production on the premise of consolidating the existing theoretical basis of photocatalysis.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0138500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51975246)+2 种基金Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province of China(Grant No.20220101192JC)Capital Construction Fund Plan within the Budget of Jilin Province of China(Grant No.2023C041-4)Chongqing Municipal Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0225).
文摘With the deepening of human research on deep space exploration,our research on the soft landing methods of landers has gradually deepened.Adding a buffer and energy-absorbing structure to the leg structure of the lander has become an effective design solution.Based on the energy-absorbing structure of the leg of the interstellar lander,this paper studies the appearance characteristics of the predatory feet of the Odontodactylus scyllarus.The predatory feet of the Odontodactylus scyllarus can not only hit the prey highly when preying,but also can easily withstand the huge counter-impact force.The predatory feet structure of the Odontodactylus scyllarus,like a symmetrical cone,shows excellent rigidity and energy absorption capacity.Inspired by this discovery,we used SLM technology to design and manufacture two nickel-titanium samples,which respectively show high elasticity,shape memory,and get better energy absorption capacity.This research provides an effective way to design and manufacture high-mechanical energy-absorbing buffer structures using bionic 3D printing technology and nickel-titanium alloys.
文摘Chemotherapy drug resistance is the main cause leading to the relapse and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients.Our study aimed to investigate the mechanism of pemetrexed resistance in NSCLC.Firstly,the pemetrexed(PEM)-resistant PC-9 and A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines(PC-9/PEM and A549/PEM)were established.The expression of thymidylate synthase(TS)in PC-9/PEM,A549/PEM,A549,and PC-9 cells were analyzed by qRT-PCR and western blot.Then,cell viability,colony formation,migration,and invasion were performed on PEM-resistant cells transfected with TS siRNA.The role of EGFR in PEM resistance of PEM-resistant cells was investigated using EGFR siRNA.The effects of gefitinib and EGFR siRNA on EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway and downstream signaling Cyclin D1 and E2F1 in PEM-resistant cells were analyzed.Results showed that the protein level of TS was significantly increased in A549/PEM and PC-9/PEM.TS knockdown inhibited the potency of proliferation,colony-forming potential,migration,and invasion in PEM-resistant cells.EGFR knockdown abrogated the resistance to PEM of PEM-resistant cells and suppressed the migration and invasion of PEM-resistant cells.Gefitinib treatment and EGFR knockdown respectively inhibited the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway and downregulated Cyclin D1 and E2F1 in PEM-resistant cells.Thus,TS might be a predictive marker for PEM resistance in NSCLC.Inhibition of the EGFR pathway abrogated the resistance to PEM and inhibited the EGFR/PI3K/AKT and downstream signaling of PEM-resistant NSCLC cell lines.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11775037 and 21676030)the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology (BM212110)The Postgraduate Innovation Project of Changzhou University (KYCX19_1782)。
文摘A novel ZIF-8-CMC hybrid material was fabricated from the hybridization of ZIF-8 and carboxymethylcellulose(CMC) by impregnation method for n-hexane/3-methylpentane separation.The surface properties of ZIF-8 were tailored by introducing CMC into ZIF-8 nanoparticles.In this work,adsorption separation of n-hexane(nHEX) and 3-methylpentane(3 MP) on ZIF-8-CMC were investigated by batch vapor-phase adsorption and liquid-phase breakthrough adsorption.The adsorption selectivity of nHEX/3 MP reversed from preferable adsorption of nHEX to preferable adsorption of 3 MP upon the increasing of CMC containing in the hybrid materials.As the temperature increases,the adsorption amounts of nHEX and 3 MP decrease.With the increasing of CMC contents,the nHEX uptake decreased,the uptake capacity of 3 MP increased gradually.For liquid-phase breakthrough adsorption,the dynamic adsorption capacity of nHEX also decreased with the increasing of temperature.
基金supported by the Projects of National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0703300,2018YFB1105100,2018YFC2001300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(5167050531,51822504,91848204)+1 种基金Key Scientific and Technological Project of Jilin Province(20180201051GX)Program for JLU Science and Technology Innovative Research Team(2017TD-04)。
文摘Carbon fiber reinforced aluminum composites with ordered architectures of shear-induced aligned carbon fibers were fabricated by 3D printing.The microstructures of the printed and sintered samples and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated.Carbon fibers and aluminum powder were bonded together with resin.The spatial arrangement of the carbon fibers was fixed in the aluminum matrix by shear-induced alignment in the3D printing process.As a result,the elongation of the composites with a parallel arrangement of aligned fibers and the impact toughness of the composites with an orthogonal arrangement were 0.82%and 0.41 J/cm^(2),respectively,about 0.4 and 0.8 times higher than that of the random arrangement.
基金Supported by a grant from the Scientific Research Project Foundation of Sichuan Province Health Department(No.090528)
文摘Objective The study aimed to explore the clinical efficacy of P-Gemox regimen sandwich radiotherapy, P-Gemox regimen sequential radiotherapy, and radiotherapy alone in early-stage extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma(ENKTL).Methods In total, 124 patients with early-stage ENKTL, from June 2009 to January 2016, were retrospectively analyzed to compare the clinical efficacy of the three regimens. Results A total of 46 patients were treated with P-Gemox regimen sandwich radiotherapy, with complete remission(CR) of 91.3%, objective response rate(ORR) of 97.8%, 2-year progression-free survival(PFS) of 76.1%, and 2-year overall survival(OS) of 80.4%. Then, 37 patients received P-Gemox regimen sequential radiotherapy, with CR of 86.5%, ORR of 94.6%, 2-year PFS of 75.7%, and 2-year OS of 81.1%. Finally, 41 patients received radiotherapy alone, with CR of 61.0%, ORR of 80.5%, 2-year PFS of 51.2%, and 2-year OS of 65.9%. When the two groups were compared, significant differences in CR, PFS, and OS were observed among the sandwich radiotherapy, sequential radiotherapy, and radiotherapy alone groups(P < 0.05), respectively. However, no significant difference in CR, ORR, PFS, and OS was observed between the sandwich radiotherapy and sequential radiotherapy groups(P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG), serum lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), plateletto-lymphocyte ratio(PLR), local tumor invasion, and treatment modalities were independent prognostic factors for PFS(P < 0.05). ECOG, LDH, PLR, local tumor invasion, underlying disease, and treatment modalities were independent prognostic factors for OS(P < 0.05).Conclusion P-Gemox regimen combination radiotherapy for patients with early-stage ENKTL was better than the radiotherapy alone.
