Background Dysregulation of lipid metabolism and its consequences on growth performance in young ruminants have attracted attention,especially in the context of alternative feeding strategies.This study aims to elucid...Background Dysregulation of lipid metabolism and its consequences on growth performance in young ruminants have attracted attention,especially in the context of alternative feeding strategies.This study aims to elucidate the effects of milk replacer(MR)feeding on growth,lipid metabolism,colonic epithelial gene expression,colonic microbiota composition and systemic metabolism in goat kids compared to breast milk(BM)feeding,addressing a critical knowledge gap in early life nutrition.Methods Ten female goat kids were divided into 2 groups:those fed breast milk(BM group)and those fed a milk replacer(MR group).Over a period of 28 d,body weight was monitored and blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical,transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses.Profiling of the colonial microbiota was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Intestinal microbiota transplantation(IMT)experiments in gnotobiotic mice were per-formed to validate causality.Results MR-fed pups exhibited reduced daily body-weight gain due to impaired lipid metabolism as evidenced by lower serum and liver total cholesterol(TC)and non-esterified fatty acid(NEFA)concentrations.Transcriptomic analysis of the colonic epithelium revealed upregulated genes involved in negative regulation of lipid metabolism,concomitant with microbiota shifts characterized by a decrease in Firmicutes and an increase in Actinobacteria.Specifically,genera such as Bifidobacterium and Prevotella were enriched in the MR group,while Clostridium and Fae-calibacterium were depleted.Metabolomics analyses confirmed alterations in bile acid and fatty acid metabolic path-ways.IMT experiments in mice recapitulated the metabolic phenotype observed in MR-fed goats,confirming the role of the microbiota in modulating host lipid metabolism.Conclusions Milk replacer feeding in goat kids disrupts lipid metabolism and gut microbiota dynamics,result-ing in reduced growth rates and metabolic alterations.These findings highlight the importance of early nutritional intervention on metabolic programming and suggest that modulation of the gut microbiota may be a target for improving growth and metabolic health in ruminants.This study contributes to the understanding of nutritional management strategies in livestock and their impact on animal health and productivity.展开更多
[Objectives]To study the effect and mechanism of baicalin on the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in human fibroblast like synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis(HFLS-RA).[Methods]To confirm that baicalin alleviated the...[Objectives]To study the effect and mechanism of baicalin on the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in human fibroblast like synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis(HFLS-RA).[Methods]To confirm that baicalin alleviated the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in HFLS-RA,the expression of NLRP3 before and after baicalin treatment was observed by immunofluorescence.Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of p-PI3K,p-Akt,NF-κB p65,NLRP3,ASC and caspase-1 after baicalin treatment for 48 h,and the contents of IL-1 and IL-18 in the supernatents were detected by ELISA.In order to explore the mechanism of baicalin alleviating the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome,the corresponding relationship between let-7i-3p and PIK3CA was verified by double luciferin and Westen blot analysis.The expression of let-7i-3p and PI3K before and after baicalin intervention was detected by RT-qPCR.let-7i-3p interference was used to verify whether baicalin mitigated the activation of enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome.[Results]Baicalin(50 and 100 mg/L)significantly reduced the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome,inhibited the protein expressions of p-PI3K,p-Akt,NF-κB p65,NLRP3,ASC and caspase-1,and the secretion of IL-1 and IL-18.let-7i-3p and PIK3CA had a targeted correspondence,and baicalin up-regulated the expression of let-7i-3p and down-regulated the expression of PIK3CA.Baicalin attenuated the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome enhanced by let-7i-3p interference.[Conclusions]Baicalin can up-regulate let-7i-3p expression,inhibit PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signal transduction,and thus reduce the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in HFLS-RA.展开更多
TiO2 is the most photoactive material because of its superstrong photooxidizing ability,and TiO2 photocatalysis has been widely applied in sustainable water treatment and environmental remediation.However,poor sunligh...TiO2 is the most photoactive material because of its superstrong photooxidizing ability,and TiO2 photocatalysis has been widely applied in sustainable water treatment and environmental remediation.However,poor sunlight or visible-light harvesting efficiency and fast recombination rate of the photogenerated charge carriers severely limit the practical applications of TiO2.To overcome these problems,the present work demonstrates a facile in-situ co-condensation method combined with hydrothermal treatment to prepare a series of graphitized carbon/TiO2 composite photocatalysts,and anatase TiO2 phase andp-p-conjugated polycyclic aromatic carbon structure are created simultaneously.As-prepared TiO2/C composites exhibit remarkably high visible-light photocatalytic activity in the degradation of aqueous emerging phenolic pollutants,acetaminophen(APAP)and methylparaben(MPB),and apparent rate constant of the TiO2/C composite with carbon doping level of 10.3%for APAP and MPB removal is 7.6 and 2.8 times higher than that of bare TiO2,and 6.2 and 2.6 times higher than that of Degussa P25 TiO2.Based on the results of photoelectrochemical experiments,indirect chemical probe measurements,and ESR spectroscopy,it is verified that doping TiO2 with graphitized carbon is responsible for this enhanced photocatalytic activity,which renders the improved visible-light harvesting ability,the accelerated separation of the photogenerated charge carriers,and enlarged BET surface areas.Through analyzing the intermediates yielded in the photodegradation process,the pathway of visible-light photocatalytic degradation of APAP and MPB over the TiO2/C composite is proposed.展开更多
On the basis of growing environment,maize can largely be classified into temperate and tropical groups,leaving extensive genetic variation and evolutionary signatures in the maize genome.To identify candidate genes go...On the basis of growing environment,maize can largely be classified into temperate and tropical groups,leaving extensive genetic variation and evolutionary signatures in the maize genome.To identify candidate genes governing flowering time and photoperiod sensitivity,selective signature analysis and SNP-and haplotype-based GWAS were performed using 39,350 high-quality SNP markers in temperate and tropical maize groups consisting of 410 inbred lines phenotyped in three representative experiments in different latitudes.Selective signature analysis revealed 106 selective-sweep regions containing 423 candidate genes involved mainly in biological regulation and biosynthesis pathways.Among these genes,25 overlapped with known genes governing flowering time and photoperiod sensitivity and 37 were also detected by GWAS for days to tassel,anthesis-silk interval,and photoperiod sensitivity measured by days to silking.Only two of the candidate genes governing flowering time overlapped selective signals.Most haplotype alleles within significant haplotype loci showed the same direction of effect on flowering time and photoperiod sensitivity.The inbred lines carrying GATT at HapL499(haplotype locus 499)on chromosome 1 had relatively short flowering times.Lines carrying CA at HapL4054 on chromosome 10,TA at HapL4055 on chromosome 10,and GTTGT at HapL978 on chromosome 2 were less sensitive to photoperiod than lines carrying other haplotype alleles.Haplotype loci associated with flowering time and photoperiod sensitivity explained respectively 17.5%–18.6%and 11.2%–15.5%of phenotypic variation.Candidate genes and favorable haplotypes identified in this study may support the more efficient utilization of maize germplasm groups.展开更多
We report the structure and physical properties of two newly discovered compounds AV_(8)Sb_(12)and AV_(6)Sb_(6)(A=Cs,Rb),which have C_(2)(space group:Cmmm)and C_(3)(space group:R3 m)symmetry,respectively.The basic Vka...We report the structure and physical properties of two newly discovered compounds AV_(8)Sb_(12)and AV_(6)Sb_(6)(A=Cs,Rb),which have C_(2)(space group:Cmmm)and C_(3)(space group:R3 m)symmetry,respectively.The basic Vkagome unit appears in both compounds,but stacking differently.AV_(2)Sb_(2) layer is sandwiched between two V_(3)Sb_(5)layers in AV_(8)Sb_(12),altering the V-kagome lattice and lowering the symmetry of kagome layer from hexagonal to orthorhombic.In AV_(6)Sb_(6),the building block is a more complex slab made up of two half-V_(3)Sb_(5)layers that are intercalated by Cs cations along the c-axis.Transport property measurements demonstrate that both compounds are nonmagnetic metals,with carrier concentrations at around 10^(21)cm^(-3).No superconductivity has been observed in CsV_(8)Sb_(12)above 0.3 K under in situ pressure up to 46 GPa.Compared to CSV_(3)Sb_(5),theoretical calculations and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy reveal a quasi-two-dimensional electronic structure in CsV_(8)Sb_(12)with C_(2)symmetry and no van Hove singularities near the Fermi level.Our findings will stimulate more research into V-based kagome quantum materials.展开更多
The interfacial solar evaporator is a key technology for eco-friendly desalination,playing a crucial role in alleviating the global water scarcity crisis.However,limitation of photothermal water evaporation efficiency...The interfacial solar evaporator is a key technology for eco-friendly desalination,playing a crucial role in alleviating the global water scarcity crisis.However,limitation of photothermal water evaporation efficiency persists due to inadequate water transfer at the water-steam interface.Herein,we present a new type of scalable and recyclable arch bridge photothermal fabric with efficient warp-direction water paths by a convenient shuttle-flying weaving technique.Compared to the previous overall layer-by-layer assembled fabric,our photothermal fabric precisely constructed effective water paths and achieved excellent water-heat distribution at the solar evaporation interface,which greatly improved the photothermal conversion efficiency and evaporation rate.By the design of the weaving process,the photothermal fabric shows a new interface contact mode of the water path fiber and polyaniline photothermal fiber.Besides,the arch-bridge type design not only minimizes heat loss area but also enhances the water evaporation area,resulting in high-efficiency all-weather available solar water evaporation.Furthermore,the results show that the temperature,evaporation rate and solar-vapor conversion efficiency of photothermal fabric can reach above 123℃,2.31 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)and 99.93%under a solar illumination of 1 kW m^(-2).The arch-bridge photo-thermal fabric with an excellent water evaporation rate has been successfully established,which provides a new paradigm for improving the sustainable seawater desalination rate.展开更多
An optical field with sub-nm confinement is essential for exploring atomic-or molecular-level light-matter interaction.While such fields demonstrated so far have typically point-like cross-sections,an optical field ha...An optical field with sub-nm confinement is essential for exploring atomic-or molecular-level light-matter interaction.While such fields demonstrated so far have typically point-like cross-sections,an optical field having a higher-dimensional cross-section may offer higher flexibility and/or efficiency in applications.Here,we propose generating a nanoscale blade-like optical field in a coupled nanofiber pair(CNP)with a 1-nm-width central slit.Based on a strong mode coupling-enabled slit waveguide mode,a sub-nm-thickness blade-like optical field can be generated with a cross-section down to~0.28 nm×38 nm at 1550 nm wavelength(i.e.,a thickness of~λ_(0)∕5000)and a peak-to-background intensity ratio(PBR)higher than 20 d B.The slit waveguide mode of the CNP can be launched from one of the two nanofibers that are connected to a standard optical fiber via an adiabatical fiber taper,in which a fundamental waveguide mode of the fiber can be converted into a high-purity slit mode with high efficiency(>98%)within a CNP length of less than 10μm at 1550 nm wavelength.The wavelengthdependent behaviors and group velocity dispersion in mode converting processes are also investigated,showing that such a CNP-based design is also suitable for broadband and ultrafast pulsed operation.Our results may open up new opportunities for studying light-matter interaction down to the sub-nm scale,as well as for exploring ultra-high-resolution optical technology ranging from super-resolution nanoscopy to chemical bond manipulation.展开更多
Cytopharmaceutical based on macrophages is a breakthrough in the field of targeted drug de-Cytopharmaceutical based on macrophages is a breakthrough in the field of targeted drug delivery. However, it remains a challe...Cytopharmaceutical based on macrophages is a breakthrough in the field of targeted drug de-Cytopharmaceutical based on macrophages is a breakthrough in the field of targeted drug delivery. However, it remains a challenge to localize and control drug release while retaining macrophage activity and exerting its immunotherapeutic effect. Herein, a localized light-triggered release macrophage cytopharmaceutical (USIP@M) was proposed, which could utilize the tumor targeting and immunotherapy effects of macrophages to reverse the immune suppression of tumor microenvironment (TME). Amphiphilic block copolymers with ultraviolet (UV)-responsive o-nitrobenzyl groups were synthesized and co-loaded with sorafenib (SF), IMD-0354 (IMD), and upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs), which were then taken up by macrophages, and the targeted delivery of drugs was realized by using the tumor tropism of macrophages. UCNPs converted near-infrared light with strong penetrability and high safety into UV light, which promoted the photoresponsive depolymerization of block copolymers and production of exosomes from USIP@M, accelerated drug efflux and maintained the activity of macrophages. IMD simultaneously polarized carrier macrophages and tumor-associated macrophages to exert the antitumor effect of macrophages, enhance T cell immunity, and alleviate the immunosuppressive state of TME. Synergistically with the chemotherapeutic effect of SF, it could effectively kill tumors. In conclusion, based on the localized light-triggered release strategy, this study constructed a novel macrophage cytopharmaceutical that could localize and control drug release while retaining the activity of macrophages and exerting its immunotherapeutic effect, which could effectively treat solid tumors.展开更多
The electrical tunneling sensors have excellent potential in the next generation of single-molecule measurement and sequencing technologies due to their high sensitivity and spatial resolution capabilities.Electrical ...The electrical tunneling sensors have excellent potential in the next generation of single-molecule measurement and sequencing technologies due to their high sensitivity and spatial resolution capabilities.Electrical tunneling signals that have been measured at a high sampling rate may provide detailed molecular information.Despite the extraordinarily large amount of data that has been gathered,it is still difficult to correlate signal transformations with molecular processes,which creates great obstacles for signal analysis.Machine learning is an effective tool for data analysis that is currently gaining more significance.It has demonstrated promising results when used to analyze data from single-molecule electrical measurements.In order to extract meaningful information from raw measurement data,we have combined intelligent machine learning with tunneling electrical signals.For the purpose of analyzing tunneling electrical signals,we investigated the clustering approach,which is a classic algorithm in machine learning.A clustering model was built that combines the advantages of hierarchical clustering and Gaussian mixture model clustering.Additionally,customized statistical algorithms were designed.It has been proven to efficiently gather molecular information and enhance the effectiveness of data analysis.展开更多
TAG-assisted peptide synthesis technology enables optimal conservation of Fmoc amino acid raw materials and chemical solvents while eliminating the need for intricate chromatographic purification processes.This work p...TAG-assisted peptide synthesis technology enables optimal conservation of Fmoc amino acid raw materials and chemical solvents while eliminating the need for intricate chromatographic purification processes.This work presents a 4,4'-diphenylphosphonoxy diphenylcarbinol tag-mediated liquid-phase synthesis approach for preparing side-to-tail cyclopeptides macolacin which has strong activity against gram-negative bacteria,and its 15 analogues containing four N-methylation modified cyclopeptides,as well as an investigation of their structure-activity relationship(SAR).The synthesis of macolacin analogues primarily focuses on the modifications of the N-methylation group of Ile-7 and the tail fatty acyl chain of macolacin.The incorporation of N-methylation for Ile-7,along with the dihalogenated or monohalogenated benzoic acids for tail modification,exhibited remarkable antibacterial efficacy and minimal hepatocellular toxicity in vitro.The present study identified an N-methylation-modified antimicrobial cyclopeptide Ma14 that exhibits rapid bactericidal efficacy against A.baumanii,etc.,while showing reduced hepatocellular toxicity.Molecular docking simulations were conducted to investigate the binding of cyclopeptides to the outer membrane protein BamA of A.baumannii.The findings demonstrated the stable binding interactions of the cyclopeptides with the BamA protein and then presented a novel approach to explain the bacteriostatic mechanism of macolacin-based cyclopeptide antibiotics.展开更多
The air conditioning(A/C)of cabins allows for customized control,but manual adjustments may distract drivers,as well as result in energy inefficiency.Several existing thermal sensation models require complex inputs,wh...The air conditioning(A/C)of cabins allows for customized control,but manual adjustments may distract drivers,as well as result in energy inefficiency.Several existing thermal sensation models require complex inputs,which are challenging to gather whilst driving.To address this issue,this study developed a non-contact thermal sensation model for cabin occupants based on thermal imaging sensor.To collect actual data used for modeling,an outdoor subject experiment was conducted.In this study,initial training was conducted to compare the performance of six algorithms in building the model,with random forests algorithm showing the best performance.Besides,this study employed the recursive feature elimination(RFE)method with cross-validation algorithm for identifying the key features.In the end,the model was retrained using the selected features.The model that incorporated both environmental parameters and facial-temperature features demonstrated the best performance,with an R2 of 0.659 on the test set.Eliminating the hard-to-measure windshield surface temperature resulted in a slight reduction in accuracy,yielding an R2 of 0.651.To verify the generalizability of the model,this study further conducted independent validation experiments.The selected model,which exhibited a mean absolute error(MAE)of less than 0.4 in thermal sensation units,was proven to be highly applicable.The results can offer new solutions for automatic control of cabin A/C.展开更多
This study was conducted to investigate potential regulatory mechanisms of feed efficiency(FE)in sheep by linking rumen microbiota with its host by the multi-omics analysis.One hundred and ninety-eight hybrid female s...This study was conducted to investigate potential regulatory mechanisms of feed efficiency(FE)in sheep by linking rumen microbiota with its host by the multi-omics analysis.One hundred and ninety-eight hybrid female sheep(initial body weight=30.88±4.57 kg;4-month-old)were selected as candidate sheep.Each test sheep was fed in an individual pen for 60 days,and the residual feed intake(RFI)was calculated.The ten candidate sheep with the highest RFI were divided into the Low-FE group,and the ten with the lowest RFI were divided into the High-FE group,all selected for sample collection.The RFI,average daily gain and average daily feed intake were highly significantly different between the two experimental groups(P<0.05).Compared with Low-FE group,the insulin-like growth factor-1 and very low-density lipoprotein in serum and the propionate in rumen significantly increased in High-FE group(P<0.01),but the acetate:propionate ratio in rumen significantly decreased in High-FE group(P=0.034).Metagenomics revealed Selenomonas ruminantium,Selenomonas sp.and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were key bacteria,and increased abundance of the genes encoding the enzymes for cellulose degradation and production of propionate in High-FE group.The results of proteomics and section showed the rumen papilla length and expression of carbonic anhydrase and Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase were significantly higher in High-FE group(P<0.05).On the other hand,the acetyl-CoA content significantly increased in the liver of High-FE group(P=0.002).The relative expression levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and apolipoprotein A4 genes were significantly up-regulated in the liver of High-FE group(P<0.05),but relative expression level of monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 3 gene was significantly down-regulated(P=0.037).These findings provide the mechanism by which the collaborative interaction between rumen microbiota fermentation and host uptake and metabolism of fermentation products impacts feed efficiency traits in sheep.展开更多
Single-molecule bioelectronic sensing,a groundbreaking domain in biological research,has revolutionized our understanding of molecules by revealing deep insights into fundamental biological processes.The advent of eme...Single-molecule bioelectronic sensing,a groundbreaking domain in biological research,has revolutionized our understanding of molecules by revealing deep insights into fundamental biological processes.The advent of emergent technologies,such as nanogapped electrodes and nanopores,has greatly enhanced this field,providing exceptional sensitivity,resolution,and integration capabilities.However,challenges persist,such as complex data sets with high noise levels and stochastic molecular dynamics.Artificial intelligence(AI)has stepped in to address these issues with its powerful data processing capabilities.AI algorithms effectively extract meaningful features,detect subtle changes,improve signal-to-noise ratios,and uncover hidden patterns in massive data.This review explores the synergy between AI and single-molecule bioelectronic sensing,focusing on how AI enhances signal processing and data analysis to boost accuracy and reliability.We also discuss current limitations and future directions for integrating AI,highlighting its potential to advance biological research and technological innovation.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)has been utilized in soft-tissue analysis and prediction in orthodontic treatment planning,although its reliability has not been systematically assessed.This scoping review was conducted to ...Artificial intelligence(AI)has been utilized in soft-tissue analysis and prediction in orthodontic treatment planning,although its reliability has not been systematically assessed.This scoping review was conducted to outline the development of AI in terms of predicting soft-tissue changes after orthodontic treatment,as well as to comprehensively evaluate its prediction accuracy.Six electronic databases(PubMed,EBSCOhost,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane Library,and Scopus)were searched up to March 14,2023.Clinical studies investigating the performance of AI-based systems in predicting post-orthodontic soft-tissue alterations were included.The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2(QUADAS-2)and Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)appraisal checklist for diagnostic test accuracy studies were applied to assess risk of bias,while the Grading of Recommendation,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)assessment was conducted to evaluate the certainty of outcomes.After screening 2500 studies,four non-randomized clinical trials were finally included for full-text evaluation.We found a low level of evidence indicating an estimated high overall accuracy of AI-generated prediction,whereas the lower lip and chin seemed to be the least predictable regions.Furthermore,the facial morphology simulated by AI via the fusion of multimodality images was considered to be reasonably true.Since all of the included studies that were not randomized clinical trials(non-RCTs)showed a moderate to high risk of bias,more well-designed clinical trials with sufficient sample size are needed in future work.展开更多
We propose to generate a sub-nanometer-confined optical field in a nanoslit waveguiding mode in a coupled nanowire pair(CNP).We show that,when a conventional waveguide mode with a proper polarization is evanescently c...We propose to generate a sub-nanometer-confined optical field in a nanoslit waveguiding mode in a coupled nanowire pair(CNP).We show that,when a conventional waveguide mode with a proper polarization is evanescently coupled into a properly designed CNP with a central nanoslit,it can be efficiently channeled into a high-purity nanoslit mode within a waveguiding length<10μm.The CNP can be either freestanding or on-chip by using a tapered fiber or planar waveguide for input-coupling,with a coupling efficiency up to 95%.Within the slit region,the output diffraction-limited nanoslit mode offers an extremely confined optical field(∼0.3 nm×3.3 nm)with a peak-to-background ratio higher than 25 dB and can be operated within a 200-nm bandwidth.The group velocity dispersion of the nanoslit mode for ultrafast pulsed operation is also briefly investigated.Compared with the previous lasing configuration,the waveguiding scheme demonstrated here is not only simple and straightforward in structural design but is also much flexible and versatile in operation.Therefore,the waveguiding scheme we show here may offer an efficient and flexible platform for exploring light–matter interactions beyond the nanometer scale,and developing optical technologies ranging from superresolution nanoscopy and atom/molecule manipulation to ultra-sensitivity detection.展开更多
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (32160801)China Agriculture Research System (CARS-39-12)+1 种基金Young Talent Fund of Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi, China (2023-6-2-1)“Double-chain” project on livestock breeding (2022GDTSLD-46)
文摘Background Dysregulation of lipid metabolism and its consequences on growth performance in young ruminants have attracted attention,especially in the context of alternative feeding strategies.This study aims to elucidate the effects of milk replacer(MR)feeding on growth,lipid metabolism,colonic epithelial gene expression,colonic microbiota composition and systemic metabolism in goat kids compared to breast milk(BM)feeding,addressing a critical knowledge gap in early life nutrition.Methods Ten female goat kids were divided into 2 groups:those fed breast milk(BM group)and those fed a milk replacer(MR group).Over a period of 28 d,body weight was monitored and blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical,transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses.Profiling of the colonial microbiota was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Intestinal microbiota transplantation(IMT)experiments in gnotobiotic mice were per-formed to validate causality.Results MR-fed pups exhibited reduced daily body-weight gain due to impaired lipid metabolism as evidenced by lower serum and liver total cholesterol(TC)and non-esterified fatty acid(NEFA)concentrations.Transcriptomic analysis of the colonic epithelium revealed upregulated genes involved in negative regulation of lipid metabolism,concomitant with microbiota shifts characterized by a decrease in Firmicutes and an increase in Actinobacteria.Specifically,genera such as Bifidobacterium and Prevotella were enriched in the MR group,while Clostridium and Fae-calibacterium were depleted.Metabolomics analyses confirmed alterations in bile acid and fatty acid metabolic path-ways.IMT experiments in mice recapitulated the metabolic phenotype observed in MR-fed goats,confirming the role of the microbiota in modulating host lipid metabolism.Conclusions Milk replacer feeding in goat kids disrupts lipid metabolism and gut microbiota dynamics,result-ing in reduced growth rates and metabolic alterations.These findings highlight the importance of early nutritional intervention on metabolic programming and suggest that modulation of the gut microbiota may be a target for improving growth and metabolic health in ruminants.This study contributes to the understanding of nutritional management strategies in livestock and their impact on animal health and productivity.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82360802):the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province,China(2022AAC 03152).
文摘[Objectives]To study the effect and mechanism of baicalin on the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in human fibroblast like synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis(HFLS-RA).[Methods]To confirm that baicalin alleviated the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in HFLS-RA,the expression of NLRP3 before and after baicalin treatment was observed by immunofluorescence.Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of p-PI3K,p-Akt,NF-κB p65,NLRP3,ASC and caspase-1 after baicalin treatment for 48 h,and the contents of IL-1 and IL-18 in the supernatents were detected by ELISA.In order to explore the mechanism of baicalin alleviating the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome,the corresponding relationship between let-7i-3p and PIK3CA was verified by double luciferin and Westen blot analysis.The expression of let-7i-3p and PI3K before and after baicalin intervention was detected by RT-qPCR.let-7i-3p interference was used to verify whether baicalin mitigated the activation of enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome.[Results]Baicalin(50 and 100 mg/L)significantly reduced the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome,inhibited the protein expressions of p-PI3K,p-Akt,NF-κB p65,NLRP3,ASC and caspase-1,and the secretion of IL-1 and IL-18.let-7i-3p and PIK3CA had a targeted correspondence,and baicalin up-regulated the expression of let-7i-3p and down-regulated the expression of PIK3CA.Baicalin attenuated the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome enhanced by let-7i-3p interference.[Conclusions]Baicalin can up-regulate let-7i-3p expression,inhibit PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signal transduction,and thus reduce the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in HFLS-RA.
文摘TiO2 is the most photoactive material because of its superstrong photooxidizing ability,and TiO2 photocatalysis has been widely applied in sustainable water treatment and environmental remediation.However,poor sunlight or visible-light harvesting efficiency and fast recombination rate of the photogenerated charge carriers severely limit the practical applications of TiO2.To overcome these problems,the present work demonstrates a facile in-situ co-condensation method combined with hydrothermal treatment to prepare a series of graphitized carbon/TiO2 composite photocatalysts,and anatase TiO2 phase andp-p-conjugated polycyclic aromatic carbon structure are created simultaneously.As-prepared TiO2/C composites exhibit remarkably high visible-light photocatalytic activity in the degradation of aqueous emerging phenolic pollutants,acetaminophen(APAP)and methylparaben(MPB),and apparent rate constant of the TiO2/C composite with carbon doping level of 10.3%for APAP and MPB removal is 7.6 and 2.8 times higher than that of bare TiO2,and 6.2 and 2.6 times higher than that of Degussa P25 TiO2.Based on the results of photoelectrochemical experiments,indirect chemical probe measurements,and ESR spectroscopy,it is verified that doping TiO2 with graphitized carbon is responsible for this enhanced photocatalytic activity,which renders the improved visible-light harvesting ability,the accelerated separation of the photogenerated charge carriers,and enlarged BET surface areas.Through analyzing the intermediates yielded in the photodegradation process,the pathway of visible-light photocatalytic degradation of APAP and MPB over the TiO2/C composite is proposed.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0101803)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP)of CAAS+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-Profit of Institute of Crop Science,CAAS(1610092016124)supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the CGIAR Research Program MAIZE.
文摘On the basis of growing environment,maize can largely be classified into temperate and tropical groups,leaving extensive genetic variation and evolutionary signatures in the maize genome.To identify candidate genes governing flowering time and photoperiod sensitivity,selective signature analysis and SNP-and haplotype-based GWAS were performed using 39,350 high-quality SNP markers in temperate and tropical maize groups consisting of 410 inbred lines phenotyped in three representative experiments in different latitudes.Selective signature analysis revealed 106 selective-sweep regions containing 423 candidate genes involved mainly in biological regulation and biosynthesis pathways.Among these genes,25 overlapped with known genes governing flowering time and photoperiod sensitivity and 37 were also detected by GWAS for days to tassel,anthesis-silk interval,and photoperiod sensitivity measured by days to silking.Only two of the candidate genes governing flowering time overlapped selective signals.Most haplotype alleles within significant haplotype loci showed the same direction of effect on flowering time and photoperiod sensitivity.The inbred lines carrying GATT at HapL499(haplotype locus 499)on chromosome 1 had relatively short flowering times.Lines carrying CA at HapL4054 on chromosome 10,TA at HapL4055 on chromosome 10,and GTTGT at HapL978 on chromosome 2 were less sensitive to photoperiod than lines carrying other haplotype alleles.Haplotype loci associated with flowering time and photoperiod sensitivity explained respectively 17.5%–18.6%and 11.2%–15.5%of phenotypic variation.Candidate genes and favorable haplotypes identified in this study may support the more efficient utilization of maize germplasm groups.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2017YFA0304700 and 2018YFE0202601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51922105,51772322,52025025,and 52072400)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.Z200005)。
文摘We report the structure and physical properties of two newly discovered compounds AV_(8)Sb_(12)and AV_(6)Sb_(6)(A=Cs,Rb),which have C_(2)(space group:Cmmm)and C_(3)(space group:R3 m)symmetry,respectively.The basic Vkagome unit appears in both compounds,but stacking differently.AV_(2)Sb_(2) layer is sandwiched between two V_(3)Sb_(5)layers in AV_(8)Sb_(12),altering the V-kagome lattice and lowering the symmetry of kagome layer from hexagonal to orthorhombic.In AV_(6)Sb_(6),the building block is a more complex slab made up of two half-V_(3)Sb_(5)layers that are intercalated by Cs cations along the c-axis.Transport property measurements demonstrate that both compounds are nonmagnetic metals,with carrier concentrations at around 10^(21)cm^(-3).No superconductivity has been observed in CsV_(8)Sb_(12)above 0.3 K under in situ pressure up to 46 GPa.Compared to CSV_(3)Sb_(5),theoretical calculations and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy reveal a quasi-two-dimensional electronic structure in CsV_(8)Sb_(12)with C_(2)symmetry and no van Hove singularities near the Fermi level.Our findings will stimulate more research into V-based kagome quantum materials.
基金supported by the Research Initiated Project of Chengdu University(2081921027)the Key Laboratory of Materials and Surface Technology,Ministry of Education(NO.xxx-2023-yb010)+2 种基金the Bureau of Science&Technology and Intellectual Property Nanchong City(22SXZRKX0017)the North Sichuan Medical College(CBY22-ZDA07,CBY21-QD-04)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52205182).
文摘The interfacial solar evaporator is a key technology for eco-friendly desalination,playing a crucial role in alleviating the global water scarcity crisis.However,limitation of photothermal water evaporation efficiency persists due to inadequate water transfer at the water-steam interface.Herein,we present a new type of scalable and recyclable arch bridge photothermal fabric with efficient warp-direction water paths by a convenient shuttle-flying weaving technique.Compared to the previous overall layer-by-layer assembled fabric,our photothermal fabric precisely constructed effective water paths and achieved excellent water-heat distribution at the solar evaporation interface,which greatly improved the photothermal conversion efficiency and evaporation rate.By the design of the weaving process,the photothermal fabric shows a new interface contact mode of the water path fiber and polyaniline photothermal fiber.Besides,the arch-bridge type design not only minimizes heat loss area but also enhances the water evaporation area,resulting in high-efficiency all-weather available solar water evaporation.Furthermore,the results show that the temperature,evaporation rate and solar-vapor conversion efficiency of photothermal fabric can reach above 123℃,2.31 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)and 99.93%under a solar illumination of 1 kW m^(-2).The arch-bridge photo-thermal fabric with an excellent water evaporation rate has been successfully established,which provides a new paradigm for improving the sustainable seawater desalination rate.
基金New Cornerstone Science Foundation(NCI202216)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62175213,92150302)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LR21F050002)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023QZJH27)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB2200404)。
文摘An optical field with sub-nm confinement is essential for exploring atomic-or molecular-level light-matter interaction.While such fields demonstrated so far have typically point-like cross-sections,an optical field having a higher-dimensional cross-section may offer higher flexibility and/or efficiency in applications.Here,we propose generating a nanoscale blade-like optical field in a coupled nanofiber pair(CNP)with a 1-nm-width central slit.Based on a strong mode coupling-enabled slit waveguide mode,a sub-nm-thickness blade-like optical field can be generated with a cross-section down to~0.28 nm×38 nm at 1550 nm wavelength(i.e.,a thickness of~λ_(0)∕5000)and a peak-to-background intensity ratio(PBR)higher than 20 d B.The slit waveguide mode of the CNP can be launched from one of the two nanofibers that are connected to a standard optical fiber via an adiabatical fiber taper,in which a fundamental waveguide mode of the fiber can be converted into a high-purity slit mode with high efficiency(>98%)within a CNP length of less than 10μm at 1550 nm wavelength.The wavelengthdependent behaviors and group velocity dispersion in mode converting processes are also investigated,showing that such a CNP-based design is also suitable for broadband and ultrafast pulsed operation.Our results may open up new opportunities for studying light-matter interaction down to the sub-nm scale,as well as for exploring ultra-high-resolution optical technology ranging from super-resolution nanoscopy to chemical bond manipulation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82373809,82173756,82173757)Shandong Excellent Youth Fund(ZR2022YQ76,China).
文摘Cytopharmaceutical based on macrophages is a breakthrough in the field of targeted drug de-Cytopharmaceutical based on macrophages is a breakthrough in the field of targeted drug delivery. However, it remains a challenge to localize and control drug release while retaining macrophage activity and exerting its immunotherapeutic effect. Herein, a localized light-triggered release macrophage cytopharmaceutical (USIP@M) was proposed, which could utilize the tumor targeting and immunotherapy effects of macrophages to reverse the immune suppression of tumor microenvironment (TME). Amphiphilic block copolymers with ultraviolet (UV)-responsive o-nitrobenzyl groups were synthesized and co-loaded with sorafenib (SF), IMD-0354 (IMD), and upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs), which were then taken up by macrophages, and the targeted delivery of drugs was realized by using the tumor tropism of macrophages. UCNPs converted near-infrared light with strong penetrability and high safety into UV light, which promoted the photoresponsive depolymerization of block copolymers and production of exosomes from USIP@M, accelerated drug efflux and maintained the activity of macrophages. IMD simultaneously polarized carrier macrophages and tumor-associated macrophages to exert the antitumor effect of macrophages, enhance T cell immunity, and alleviate the immunosuppressive state of TME. Synergistically with the chemotherapeutic effect of SF, it could effectively kill tumors. In conclusion, based on the localized light-triggered release strategy, this study constructed a novel macrophage cytopharmaceutical that could localize and control drug release while retaining the activity of macrophages and exerting its immunotherapeutic effect, which could effectively treat solid tumors.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.62127818)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(grant no.LR22F050003)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities。
文摘The electrical tunneling sensors have excellent potential in the next generation of single-molecule measurement and sequencing technologies due to their high sensitivity and spatial resolution capabilities.Electrical tunneling signals that have been measured at a high sampling rate may provide detailed molecular information.Despite the extraordinarily large amount of data that has been gathered,it is still difficult to correlate signal transformations with molecular processes,which creates great obstacles for signal analysis.Machine learning is an effective tool for data analysis that is currently gaining more significance.It has demonstrated promising results when used to analyze data from single-molecule electrical measurements.In order to extract meaningful information from raw measurement data,we have combined intelligent machine learning with tunneling electrical signals.For the purpose of analyzing tunneling electrical signals,we investigated the clustering approach,which is a classic algorithm in machine learning.A clustering model was built that combines the advantages of hierarchical clustering and Gaussian mixture model clustering.Additionally,customized statistical algorithms were designed.It has been proven to efficiently gather molecular information and enhance the effectiveness of data analysis.
基金supported by the Shanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Project(202102130501004).
文摘TAG-assisted peptide synthesis technology enables optimal conservation of Fmoc amino acid raw materials and chemical solvents while eliminating the need for intricate chromatographic purification processes.This work presents a 4,4'-diphenylphosphonoxy diphenylcarbinol tag-mediated liquid-phase synthesis approach for preparing side-to-tail cyclopeptides macolacin which has strong activity against gram-negative bacteria,and its 15 analogues containing four N-methylation modified cyclopeptides,as well as an investigation of their structure-activity relationship(SAR).The synthesis of macolacin analogues primarily focuses on the modifications of the N-methylation group of Ile-7 and the tail fatty acyl chain of macolacin.The incorporation of N-methylation for Ile-7,along with the dihalogenated or monohalogenated benzoic acids for tail modification,exhibited remarkable antibacterial efficacy and minimal hepatocellular toxicity in vitro.The present study identified an N-methylation-modified antimicrobial cyclopeptide Ma14 that exhibits rapid bactericidal efficacy against A.baumanii,etc.,while showing reduced hepatocellular toxicity.Molecular docking simulations were conducted to investigate the binding of cyclopeptides to the outer membrane protein BamA of A.baumannii.The findings demonstrated the stable binding interactions of the cyclopeptides with the BamA protein and then presented a novel approach to explain the bacteriostatic mechanism of macolacin-based cyclopeptide antibiotics.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3803201).
文摘The air conditioning(A/C)of cabins allows for customized control,but manual adjustments may distract drivers,as well as result in energy inefficiency.Several existing thermal sensation models require complex inputs,which are challenging to gather whilst driving.To address this issue,this study developed a non-contact thermal sensation model for cabin occupants based on thermal imaging sensor.To collect actual data used for modeling,an outdoor subject experiment was conducted.In this study,initial training was conducted to compare the performance of six algorithms in building the model,with random forests algorithm showing the best performance.Besides,this study employed the recursive feature elimination(RFE)method with cross-validation algorithm for identifying the key features.In the end,the model was retrained using the selected features.The model that incorporated both environmental parameters and facial-temperature features demonstrated the best performance,with an R2 of 0.659 on the test set.Eliminating the hard-to-measure windshield surface temperature resulted in a slight reduction in accuracy,yielding an R2 of 0.651.To verify the generalizability of the model,this study further conducted independent validation experiments.The selected model,which exhibited a mean absolute error(MAE)of less than 0.4 in thermal sensation units,was proven to be highly applicable.The results can offer new solutions for automatic control of cabin A/C.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Develo pment Program of China (2022YFD1300201,2021YFD1600704)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province (2021ZDLNY05-02)the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-39-12).
文摘This study was conducted to investigate potential regulatory mechanisms of feed efficiency(FE)in sheep by linking rumen microbiota with its host by the multi-omics analysis.One hundred and ninety-eight hybrid female sheep(initial body weight=30.88±4.57 kg;4-month-old)were selected as candidate sheep.Each test sheep was fed in an individual pen for 60 days,and the residual feed intake(RFI)was calculated.The ten candidate sheep with the highest RFI were divided into the Low-FE group,and the ten with the lowest RFI were divided into the High-FE group,all selected for sample collection.The RFI,average daily gain and average daily feed intake were highly significantly different between the two experimental groups(P<0.05).Compared with Low-FE group,the insulin-like growth factor-1 and very low-density lipoprotein in serum and the propionate in rumen significantly increased in High-FE group(P<0.01),but the acetate:propionate ratio in rumen significantly decreased in High-FE group(P=0.034).Metagenomics revealed Selenomonas ruminantium,Selenomonas sp.and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were key bacteria,and increased abundance of the genes encoding the enzymes for cellulose degradation and production of propionate in High-FE group.The results of proteomics and section showed the rumen papilla length and expression of carbonic anhydrase and Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase were significantly higher in High-FE group(P<0.05).On the other hand,the acetyl-CoA content significantly increased in the liver of High-FE group(P=0.002).The relative expression levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and apolipoprotein A4 genes were significantly up-regulated in the liver of High-FE group(P<0.05),but relative expression level of monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 3 gene was significantly down-regulated(P=0.037).These findings provide the mechanism by which the collaborative interaction between rumen microbiota fermentation and host uptake and metabolism of fermentation products impacts feed efficiency traits in sheep.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.62127818,22374129)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(grant no.LR22F050003)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities,and Zhejiang Key R&D Program of China under grant(grant no.2023C03053)。
文摘Single-molecule bioelectronic sensing,a groundbreaking domain in biological research,has revolutionized our understanding of molecules by revealing deep insights into fundamental biological processes.The advent of emergent technologies,such as nanogapped electrodes and nanopores,has greatly enhanced this field,providing exceptional sensitivity,resolution,and integration capabilities.However,challenges persist,such as complex data sets with high noise levels and stochastic molecular dynamics.Artificial intelligence(AI)has stepped in to address these issues with its powerful data processing capabilities.AI algorithms effectively extract meaningful features,detect subtle changes,improve signal-to-noise ratios,and uncover hidden patterns in massive data.This review explores the synergy between AI and single-molecule bioelectronic sensing,focusing on how AI enhances signal processing and data analysis to boost accuracy and reliability.We also discuss current limitations and future directions for integrating AI,highlighting its potential to advance biological research and technological innovation.
基金supported by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong,China (No.17109619).
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)has been utilized in soft-tissue analysis and prediction in orthodontic treatment planning,although its reliability has not been systematically assessed.This scoping review was conducted to outline the development of AI in terms of predicting soft-tissue changes after orthodontic treatment,as well as to comprehensively evaluate its prediction accuracy.Six electronic databases(PubMed,EBSCOhost,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane Library,and Scopus)were searched up to March 14,2023.Clinical studies investigating the performance of AI-based systems in predicting post-orthodontic soft-tissue alterations were included.The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2(QUADAS-2)and Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)appraisal checklist for diagnostic test accuracy studies were applied to assess risk of bias,while the Grading of Recommendation,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)assessment was conducted to evaluate the certainty of outcomes.After screening 2500 studies,four non-randomized clinical trials were finally included for full-text evaluation.We found a low level of evidence indicating an estimated high overall accuracy of AI-generated prediction,whereas the lower lip and chin seemed to be the least predictable regions.Furthermore,the facial morphology simulated by AI via the fusion of multimodality images was considered to be reasonably true.Since all of the included studies that were not randomized clinical trials(non-RCTs)showed a moderate to high risk of bias,more well-designed clinical trials with sufficient sample size are needed in future work.
基金This work was sup-ported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB2200404)the New Cornerstone Science Foundation,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92150302 and 62175213)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LR21F050002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘We propose to generate a sub-nanometer-confined optical field in a nanoslit waveguiding mode in a coupled nanowire pair(CNP).We show that,when a conventional waveguide mode with a proper polarization is evanescently coupled into a properly designed CNP with a central nanoslit,it can be efficiently channeled into a high-purity nanoslit mode within a waveguiding length<10μm.The CNP can be either freestanding or on-chip by using a tapered fiber or planar waveguide for input-coupling,with a coupling efficiency up to 95%.Within the slit region,the output diffraction-limited nanoslit mode offers an extremely confined optical field(∼0.3 nm×3.3 nm)with a peak-to-background ratio higher than 25 dB and can be operated within a 200-nm bandwidth.The group velocity dispersion of the nanoslit mode for ultrafast pulsed operation is also briefly investigated.Compared with the previous lasing configuration,the waveguiding scheme demonstrated here is not only simple and straightforward in structural design but is also much flexible and versatile in operation.Therefore,the waveguiding scheme we show here may offer an efficient and flexible platform for exploring light–matter interactions beyond the nanometer scale,and developing optical technologies ranging from superresolution nanoscopy and atom/molecule manipulation to ultra-sensitivity detection.
