Due to the limitations of a priori knowledge and convolution operation,the existing image restoration techniques cannot be directly applied to the cultural relics mural restoration,in order to more accurately restore ...Due to the limitations of a priori knowledge and convolution operation,the existing image restoration techniques cannot be directly applied to the cultural relics mural restoration,in order to more accurately restore the original appearance of the cultural relics mural images,an image restoration based on the denoising diffusion probability model(Denoising Diffusion Probability Model(DDPM))and the Transformer method.The process involves two steps:in the first step,the damaged mural image is firstly utilized as the condition to generate the noise image,using the time,condition and noise image patch as the inputs to the noise prediction network,capturing the global dependencies in the input sequence through the multi-attentionmechanismof the input sequence and feedforward neural network processing,and designing a long skip connection between the shallow and deep layers in the Transformer blocks between the shallow and deep layers using long skip connections to fuse the feature information of global and local outputs to maintain the overall consistency of the restoration results;In the second step,taking the noisy image as a condition to direct the diffusion model to back sample to generate the restored image.Experiment results show that the PSNR and SSIM of the proposedmethod are improved by 2%to 9%and 1%to 3.3%,respectively,which are compared to the comparison methods.This study proposed synthesizes the advantages of the diffusionmodel and deep learningmodel to make themural restoration results more accurate.展开更多
To the Editor:Atopic dermatitis(AD)is a chronic,relapsing inflammatory dermatosis with impairment of skin barrier function and immune dysfunction that affects both children and adults.It is characterized by eczematous...To the Editor:Atopic dermatitis(AD)is a chronic,relapsing inflammatory dermatosis with impairment of skin barrier function and immune dysfunction that affects both children and adults.It is characterized by eczematous lesions,pruritus,sleep disturbance,and diminished quality of life.Management of mild AD relies on emollients,topical corticosteroids,topical calcineurin inhibitors,and phototherapy,while systemic corticosteroids,immunosuppressive agents,and biologics are used for severe refractory cases.^([1])Systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressants have many undesirable side effects.Patients with moderate-to-severe AD who do not respond adequately to topical therapies have few effective treatment options.展开更多
This study presents an experimental and numerical investigation on the static behavior of headed stud shear connectors in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) of composite bridges. Four push-out specimens were teste...This study presents an experimental and numerical investigation on the static behavior of headed stud shear connectors in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) of composite bridges. Four push-out specimens were tested. It was found that no cracking, crushing or splitting was observed on the concrete slab, indicating that UHPC slab exhibited good performance and could resist the high force transferred from the headed studs. The numerical and experimental results indicated that the shear capacity is supposed to be composed of two parts stud shank shear contribution and concrete wedge block shear contribution. The stiffness increment of a stud in UHPC was at least 60% higher than that in normal strength concrete. Even if the stud height was reduced from 6d to 2d, there was no reduction in the shear strength of a stud. Short stud shear connectors with an aspect ratio as small as 2 could develop full strength in UHPC slabs. An empirical load-slip equation taking into account stud diameter was proposed to predict the load-slip response of a stud. The reliability and accuracy of the proposed load-slip equation was verified by the experimental and numerical load-slip curves.展开更多
Consider the inverse scattering problem in terms of Helmholtz equation.We study a simply connected domain with oblique derivative boundary condition.In the case of constant l,given a finite number of incident wave,the...Consider the inverse scattering problem in terms of Helmholtz equation.We study a simply connected domain with oblique derivative boundary condition.In the case of constant l,given a finite number of incident wave,the shape of the scatterer is reconstructed from the measured far-field data.We propose a Newton method which is based on the nonlinear boundary integral equation.After computing the Fr´echet derivatives with respect to the unknown boundary,the nonlinear equation is transformed to its linear form,then we show the iteration scheme for the inverse problem.We conclude our paper by presenting several numerical examples for shape reconstruction to show the validity of the method we presented.展开更多
In this study,the flexural and longitudinal shear performances of two types of precast lightweight steel–ultra-high performance concrete(UHPC)composite beams are investigated,where a cluster UHPC slab(CUS)and a norma...In this study,the flexural and longitudinal shear performances of two types of precast lightweight steel–ultra-high performance concrete(UHPC)composite beams are investigated,where a cluster UHPC slab(CUS)and a normal UHPC slab(NUS)are connected to a steel beam using headed studs through discontinuous shear pockets and full-length shear pockets,respectively.Results show that the longitudinal shear force of the CUS is greater than that of the NUS,whereas the interfacial slip of the former is smaller.Owing to its better integrity,the CUS exhibits greater flexural stiffness and a higher ultimate bearing capacity than the NUS.To further optimize the design parameters of the CUS,a parametric study is conducted to investigate their effects on the flexural and longitudinal shear performances.The square shear pocket is shown to be more applicable for the CUS,as the optimal spacing between two shear pockets is 650 mm.Moreover,a design method for transverse reinforcement is proposed;the transverse reinforcement is used to withstand the splitting force caused by studs in the shear pocket and prevent the UHPC slab from cracking.According to calculation results,the transverse reinforcement can be canceled when the compressive strength of UHPC is 150 MPa and the volume fraction of steel fiber exceeds 2.0%.展开更多
Objective:The barks,leaves,and branches of Cinnamomum cassia have been historically used as a traditional Chinese medicine,spice,and food preservative,in which phenylpropanoids are responsible compounds.However phenyl...Objective:The barks,leaves,and branches of Cinnamomum cassia have been historically used as a traditional Chinese medicine,spice,and food preservative,in which phenylpropanoids are responsible compounds.However phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways are not clear in C.cassia.We elucidated the pathways by descriptive analyses of differentially expressed genes related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis as well as to identify various phenylpropanoid metabolites.Methods:Chemical analysis,metabolome sequencing,and transcriptome sequencing were performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the difference of active components content in the barks,branches and leaves of C.cassia.Results:Metabolomic analysis revealed that small amounts of flavonoids,coumarine,and cinnamaldehyde accumulated in both leaves and branches.Transcriptome analysis showed that genes associated with phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis were downregulated in the leaves and branches relative to the barks.The observed differences in essential oil content among the three tissues may be attributable to the differential expression of genes involved in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid metabolic pathways.Conclusion:This study identified the key genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway controling the flavonoid,coumarine,and cinnamaldehyde contents in the barks,branches and leaves by comparing the transcriptome and metabolome.These findings may be valuable in assessing phenylpropanoid and flavonoid metabolites and identifying specific candidate genes that are related to the synthesis of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids in C.cassia.展开更多
To the Editor:Chronic benign familial pemphigus,or Hailey-Hailey disease(HHD),is an inherited acantholytic dermatosis characterized by chronic recurrent vesicles and maceration in intertriginous sites.l Bullous pemphi...To the Editor:Chronic benign familial pemphigus,or Hailey-Hailey disease(HHD),is an inherited acantholytic dermatosis characterized by chronic recurrent vesicles and maceration in intertriginous sites.l Bullous pemphigoid(BP)is an autoimmune subepidermal blistering.disease.2i We reported a patient with clinical and histological features of BP and HHD.展开更多
Indoor environment has significant impacts on human health as people spend 90%of their time indoors.The COVID-19 pandemic and the increased public health awareness have further elevated the urgency for cultivating and...Indoor environment has significant impacts on human health as people spend 90%of their time indoors.The COVID-19 pandemic and the increased public health awareness have further elevated the urgency for cultivating and maintaining a healthy indoor environment.The advancement in emerging digital twin technologies including building information modeling(BIM),Internet of Things(IoT),data analytics,and smart control have led to new opportunities for building design and operation.Despite the numerous studies on developing methods for creating digital twins and enabling new functionalities and services in smart building management,very few have focused on the health of indoor environment.There is a critical need for understanding and envisaging how digital twin paradigms can be geared towards healthy indoor environment.Therefore,this study reviews the techniques for developing digital twins and discusses how the techniques can be customized to contribute to public health.Specifically,the current applications of BIM,IoT sensing,data analytics,and smart building control technologies for building digital twins are reviewed,and the knowledge gaps and limitations are discussed to guide future research for improving environmental and occupant health.Moreover,this paper elaborates a vision for future research on integrated digital twins for a healthy indoor environment with special considerations of the above four emerging techniques and issues.This review contributes to the body of knowledge by advocating for the consideration of health in digital twin modeling and smart building services and presenting the research roadmap for digital twin-enabled healthy indoor environment.展开更多
Industrialized buildings,characterized by off-site manufacturing and on-site installation,offer notable improvements in efficiency,cost-effectiveness,and material use.This transition from traditional construction meth...Industrialized buildings,characterized by off-site manufacturing and on-site installation,offer notable improvements in efficiency,cost-effectiveness,and material use.This transition from traditional construction methods not only accelerates building processes but also enhances working efficiencies globally.Despite its widespread adoption,the performance of industrialized building manufacturing(IBM)can still be optimized,particularly in enhancing time efficiency and reducing costs.This paper explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and robotics at IBM to improve efficiency,cost-effectiveness,and material use in off-site assembly.Through a narrative literature review,this study systematically categorizes AI-based Robots(AIRs)applications into four critical stages—Cognition,Communication,Control,and Collab-oration and Coordination,and then investigates their appli-cation in the factory assembly process for industrialized buildings,which is structured into distinct stages:compo-nent preparation,sub-assembly,main assembly,finishing tasks,and quality control.Each stage,from positioning components to the integration of larger modules and subsequent quality inspection,often involves robots or human-robot collaboration to enhance precision and effi-ciency.By examining research from 2014 to 2024,the review highlights the significant improvements AI-based robots have introduced to the construction sector,identifies existing challenges,and outlines future research directions.This comprehensive analysis aims to establish more effi-cient,precise,and tailored construction processes,paving the way for advanced IBM.展开更多
基金financial support from Hunan Provincial Natural Science and Technology Fund Project(Grant No.2022JJ50077)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant No.2024JJ8055).
文摘Due to the limitations of a priori knowledge and convolution operation,the existing image restoration techniques cannot be directly applied to the cultural relics mural restoration,in order to more accurately restore the original appearance of the cultural relics mural images,an image restoration based on the denoising diffusion probability model(Denoising Diffusion Probability Model(DDPM))and the Transformer method.The process involves two steps:in the first step,the damaged mural image is firstly utilized as the condition to generate the noise image,using the time,condition and noise image patch as the inputs to the noise prediction network,capturing the global dependencies in the input sequence through the multi-attentionmechanismof the input sequence and feedforward neural network processing,and designing a long skip connection between the shallow and deep layers in the Transformer blocks between the shallow and deep layers using long skip connections to fuse the feature information of global and local outputs to maintain the overall consistency of the restoration results;In the second step,taking the noisy image as a condition to direct the diffusion model to back sample to generate the restored image.Experiment results show that the PSNR and SSIM of the proposedmethod are improved by 2%to 9%and 1%to 3.3%,respectively,which are compared to the comparison methods.This study proposed synthesizes the advantages of the diffusionmodel and deep learningmodel to make themural restoration results more accurate.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82103711)the Peking University People’s Hospital Research and Development Foundation(No.RDY2021-18)
文摘To the Editor:Atopic dermatitis(AD)is a chronic,relapsing inflammatory dermatosis with impairment of skin barrier function and immune dysfunction that affects both children and adults.It is characterized by eczematous lesions,pruritus,sleep disturbance,and diminished quality of life.Management of mild AD relies on emollients,topical corticosteroids,topical calcineurin inhibitors,and phototherapy,while systemic corticosteroids,immunosuppressive agents,and biologics are used for severe refractory cases.^([1])Systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressants have many undesirable side effects.Patients with moderate-to-severe AD who do not respond adequately to topical therapies have few effective treatment options.
文摘This study presents an experimental and numerical investigation on the static behavior of headed stud shear connectors in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) of composite bridges. Four push-out specimens were tested. It was found that no cracking, crushing or splitting was observed on the concrete slab, indicating that UHPC slab exhibited good performance and could resist the high force transferred from the headed studs. The numerical and experimental results indicated that the shear capacity is supposed to be composed of two parts stud shank shear contribution and concrete wedge block shear contribution. The stiffness increment of a stud in UHPC was at least 60% higher than that in normal strength concrete. Even if the stud height was reduced from 6d to 2d, there was no reduction in the shear strength of a stud. Short stud shear connectors with an aspect ratio as small as 2 could develop full strength in UHPC slabs. An empirical load-slip equation taking into account stud diameter was proposed to predict the load-slip response of a stud. The reliability and accuracy of the proposed load-slip equation was verified by the experimental and numerical load-slip curves.
基金foundation of Jinling Institute of Technology(No.jit-b-201524)the Science Foundation of Jinling Institute of Technology(No.Jit-fhxm-201809).
文摘Consider the inverse scattering problem in terms of Helmholtz equation.We study a simply connected domain with oblique derivative boundary condition.In the case of constant l,given a finite number of incident wave,the shape of the scatterer is reconstructed from the measured far-field data.We propose a Newton method which is based on the nonlinear boundary integral equation.After computing the Fr´echet derivatives with respect to the unknown boundary,the nonlinear equation is transformed to its linear form,then we show the iteration scheme for the inverse problem.We conclude our paper by presenting several numerical examples for shape reconstruction to show the validity of the method we presented.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1934205)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Nos.18KJA580005,19KJA570001,and YSZX-02-2022-01-B).
文摘In this study,the flexural and longitudinal shear performances of two types of precast lightweight steel–ultra-high performance concrete(UHPC)composite beams are investigated,where a cluster UHPC slab(CUS)and a normal UHPC slab(NUS)are connected to a steel beam using headed studs through discontinuous shear pockets and full-length shear pockets,respectively.Results show that the longitudinal shear force of the CUS is greater than that of the NUS,whereas the interfacial slip of the former is smaller.Owing to its better integrity,the CUS exhibits greater flexural stiffness and a higher ultimate bearing capacity than the NUS.To further optimize the design parameters of the CUS,a parametric study is conducted to investigate their effects on the flexural and longitudinal shear performances.The square shear pocket is shown to be more applicable for the CUS,as the optimal spacing between two shear pockets is 650 mm.Moreover,a design method for transverse reinforcement is proposed;the transverse reinforcement is used to withstand the splitting force caused by studs in the shear pocket and prevent the UHPC slab from cracking.According to calculation results,the transverse reinforcement can be canceled when the compressive strength of UHPC is 150 MPa and the volume fraction of steel fiber exceeds 2.0%.
基金The Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2019A1515111043)Basic Research Project of Luoding Cinnamon Industry Development(No.2018-082)+2 种基金Youth Innovative Talents Project by Educational Department of Guangdong Province(No.2019KQNCX057)Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation Cultivation of Guangdong University Students(special fund for“climbing plan”)(No.51348227)the Scientific Research Project of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau of Guangdong Province(No.20202104)supported this study.
文摘Objective:The barks,leaves,and branches of Cinnamomum cassia have been historically used as a traditional Chinese medicine,spice,and food preservative,in which phenylpropanoids are responsible compounds.However phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways are not clear in C.cassia.We elucidated the pathways by descriptive analyses of differentially expressed genes related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis as well as to identify various phenylpropanoid metabolites.Methods:Chemical analysis,metabolome sequencing,and transcriptome sequencing were performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the difference of active components content in the barks,branches and leaves of C.cassia.Results:Metabolomic analysis revealed that small amounts of flavonoids,coumarine,and cinnamaldehyde accumulated in both leaves and branches.Transcriptome analysis showed that genes associated with phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis were downregulated in the leaves and branches relative to the barks.The observed differences in essential oil content among the three tissues may be attributable to the differential expression of genes involved in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid metabolic pathways.Conclusion:This study identified the key genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway controling the flavonoid,coumarine,and cinnamaldehyde contents in the barks,branches and leaves by comparing the transcriptome and metabolome.These findings may be valuable in assessing phenylpropanoid and flavonoid metabolites and identifying specific candidate genes that are related to the synthesis of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids in C.cassia.
文摘To the Editor:Chronic benign familial pemphigus,or Hailey-Hailey disease(HHD),is an inherited acantholytic dermatosis characterized by chronic recurrent vesicles and maceration in intertriginous sites.l Bullous pemphigoid(BP)is an autoimmune subepidermal blistering.disease.2i We reported a patient with clinical and histological features of BP and HHD.
基金This research was funded by the US National Science Foundation(NSF)(Grant Nos.1952140,2038967,and 2026719).
文摘Indoor environment has significant impacts on human health as people spend 90%of their time indoors.The COVID-19 pandemic and the increased public health awareness have further elevated the urgency for cultivating and maintaining a healthy indoor environment.The advancement in emerging digital twin technologies including building information modeling(BIM),Internet of Things(IoT),data analytics,and smart control have led to new opportunities for building design and operation.Despite the numerous studies on developing methods for creating digital twins and enabling new functionalities and services in smart building management,very few have focused on the health of indoor environment.There is a critical need for understanding and envisaging how digital twin paradigms can be geared towards healthy indoor environment.Therefore,this study reviews the techniques for developing digital twins and discusses how the techniques can be customized to contribute to public health.Specifically,the current applications of BIM,IoT sensing,data analytics,and smart building control technologies for building digital twins are reviewed,and the knowledge gaps and limitations are discussed to guide future research for improving environmental and occupant health.Moreover,this paper elaborates a vision for future research on integrated digital twins for a healthy indoor environment with special considerations of the above four emerging techniques and issues.This review contributes to the body of knowledge by advocating for the consideration of health in digital twin modeling and smart building services and presenting the research roadmap for digital twin-enabled healthy indoor environment.
文摘Industrialized buildings,characterized by off-site manufacturing and on-site installation,offer notable improvements in efficiency,cost-effectiveness,and material use.This transition from traditional construction methods not only accelerates building processes but also enhances working efficiencies globally.Despite its widespread adoption,the performance of industrialized building manufacturing(IBM)can still be optimized,particularly in enhancing time efficiency and reducing costs.This paper explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and robotics at IBM to improve efficiency,cost-effectiveness,and material use in off-site assembly.Through a narrative literature review,this study systematically categorizes AI-based Robots(AIRs)applications into four critical stages—Cognition,Communication,Control,and Collab-oration and Coordination,and then investigates their appli-cation in the factory assembly process for industrialized buildings,which is structured into distinct stages:compo-nent preparation,sub-assembly,main assembly,finishing tasks,and quality control.Each stage,from positioning components to the integration of larger modules and subsequent quality inspection,often involves robots or human-robot collaboration to enhance precision and effi-ciency.By examining research from 2014 to 2024,the review highlights the significant improvements AI-based robots have introduced to the construction sector,identifies existing challenges,and outlines future research directions.This comprehensive analysis aims to establish more effi-cient,precise,and tailored construction processes,paving the way for advanced IBM.
