Objective: This study aims to examine the causal relationship between inflammatory factors and the probability of developing vascular dementia (VD) using Mendelian Randomization (MR) and Chinese herbal medicine predic...Objective: This study aims to examine the causal relationship between inflammatory factors and the probability of developing vascular dementia (VD) using Mendelian Randomization (MR) and Chinese herbal medicine prediction method, and to screen potential Chinese herbal medicines for the prevention and treatment of VD. Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that exhibit a strong association with vascular dementia (VD) were identified as instrumental variables from the summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The primary analytical method employed was inverse variance weighting (IVW), while auxiliary analyses included the MR-Egger method, weighted median method, simple model, and weighted model. A two-way Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to assess the causal relationship between inflammatory factors and the risk of VD, thereby identifying the key inflammatory factors involved. The MR-Egger intercept test and Cochran’s Q test were employed to assess the horizontal polymorphism and heterogeneity of instrumental variables. A sensitivity analysis was conducted by excluding one method at a time. Ultimately, based on key inflammatory factors, predictions for the prevention and treatment using traditional Chinese medicine were made, along with the screening of homologous herbal remedies. Results: Based on the results of the forward MR, the probability of developing VD was elevated when the inflammatory factors CXCL10 and CXCL5 were expressed at higher levels, whereas the probability of developing VD decreased as the expression levels of IL-13 and IL-20RA increased. These findings were supported by the assessment of pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and sensitivity. The results of the reverse MR analysis showed that there was no causal relationship between VD, as an exposure dataset, and these four inflammatory factors. According to the key inflammatory factors, 37 Chinese herbal medicines such as Siraitia grosvenorii were selected. Their characteristics including four natures, five flavors, channel tropism and treatment efficiency were cold, warm, neutral, pungent, sweet, bitter, lung meridian, spleen meridian, liver meridian, kidney meridian and clearing heat. Among them, Siraitia grosvenorii, Poria with hostwood, Perilla frutescens, and Radix Platycodi were all medicine and food homologous Chinese herbal medicines. Conclusions: The increase of CXCL10 and CXCL5 expression levels can increase the risk of VD, and the increase of IL-13 and IL-20 RA expression levels can reduce the risk of VD. Siraitia grosvenorii and other Chinese herbal medicines might be potential sources of therapeutic drugs for the treatment of VD. Medicine and food homologous Chinese herbal medicines, such as Siraitia grosvenorii, Poria with hostwood, Perilla frutescens, and Radix Platycodi, may help the elderly population with corresponding Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitutions to prevent VD.展开更多
In the feld of information processing,all-optical routers are signifcant for achieving high-speed,high-capacity signal processing and transmission.In this study,we developed three types of structurally simple and fexi...In the feld of information processing,all-optical routers are signifcant for achieving high-speed,high-capacity signal processing and transmission.In this study,we developed three types of structurally simple and fexible routers using the deep difractive neural network(D2 NN),capable of routing incident light based on wavelength and polarization.First,we implemented a polarization router for routing two orthogonally polarized light beams.The second type is the wavelength router that can route light with wavelengths of 1550,1300,and 1100 nm,demonstrating outstanding performance with insertion loss as low as 0.013 dB and an extinction ratio of up to 18.96 dB,while also maintaining excellent polarization preservation.The fnal router is the polarization-wavelength composite router,capable of routing six types of input light formed by pairwise combinations of three wavelengths(1550,1300,and 1100 nm)and two orthogonal linearly polarized lights,thereby enhancing the information processing capability of the device.These devices feature compact structures,maintaining high contrast while exhibiting low loss and passive characteristics,making them suitable for integration into future optical components.This study introduces new avenues and methodologies to enhance performance and broaden the applications of future optical information processing systems.展开更多
Considerable research efforts have been devoted to the investigation of distributed feedback(DFB)organic lasing in photonic crystals in recent decades.It is still a big challenge to realize DFB lasing in complex photo...Considerable research efforts have been devoted to the investigation of distributed feedback(DFB)organic lasing in photonic crystals in recent decades.It is still a big challenge to realize DFB lasing in complex photonic crystals.This review discusses the recent progress on the DFB organic laser based on one-,two-,and three-dimensional photonic crystals.The photophysics of gain materials and the fabrication of laser cavities are also introduced.At last,future development trends of the lasers are prospected.展开更多
Phase control of random lasing processes has been a challenge both in physics and in the device/materials design.Although conventional saturable absorbers can be integrated with random lasers to conceive mode-locking ...Phase control of random lasing processes has been a challenge both in physics and in the device/materials design.Although conventional saturable absorbers can be integrated with random lasers to conceive mode-locking scheme,low intensity and random directions of the lasing radiation reduce largely the possibility.In such considerations,we put forth a new mode-locking mechanism,which is defined as cascaded absorption and stimulated emission(CASE),and have it achieved in multicrystalline microdisk structures of a hybrid perovskite.This scheme applies only to lasing materials with strong overlap between the absorption and emission spectra.In this work,we employed 2-photon pumping at 800 nm with a pulse duration of about 150 fs to realize phase-locked random lasing in MAPbBr3 microdisks in donut shapes,which are produced by micro-imprinting using a flexibly transferred template of tricyclo[5.2.1.0^(2,6)]decanedimethanol diacrylate.The phase-locking performance is identified by the narrow-band lasing lines with equal separations.The constant phase shift for initializing phase locking is determined by the internal conversion lifetime in the MAPbBr3 molecules.Two-photon pumping enables large penetration depth into the microdisks and consequently large numbers of phase-locked lasing modes,producing much narrowed and high-contrasted spectral lines.Lasing lines with a bandwidth as narrow as 0.26 to 0.3 nm and an equal separation ranging from 1.7 to 4.8 nm have been achieved for different microdisk schemes.These results imply marked progress in new random lasing physics and potential applications in ultrafast laser technology.展开更多
文摘Objective: This study aims to examine the causal relationship between inflammatory factors and the probability of developing vascular dementia (VD) using Mendelian Randomization (MR) and Chinese herbal medicine prediction method, and to screen potential Chinese herbal medicines for the prevention and treatment of VD. Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that exhibit a strong association with vascular dementia (VD) were identified as instrumental variables from the summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The primary analytical method employed was inverse variance weighting (IVW), while auxiliary analyses included the MR-Egger method, weighted median method, simple model, and weighted model. A two-way Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to assess the causal relationship between inflammatory factors and the risk of VD, thereby identifying the key inflammatory factors involved. The MR-Egger intercept test and Cochran’s Q test were employed to assess the horizontal polymorphism and heterogeneity of instrumental variables. A sensitivity analysis was conducted by excluding one method at a time. Ultimately, based on key inflammatory factors, predictions for the prevention and treatment using traditional Chinese medicine were made, along with the screening of homologous herbal remedies. Results: Based on the results of the forward MR, the probability of developing VD was elevated when the inflammatory factors CXCL10 and CXCL5 were expressed at higher levels, whereas the probability of developing VD decreased as the expression levels of IL-13 and IL-20RA increased. These findings were supported by the assessment of pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and sensitivity. The results of the reverse MR analysis showed that there was no causal relationship between VD, as an exposure dataset, and these four inflammatory factors. According to the key inflammatory factors, 37 Chinese herbal medicines such as Siraitia grosvenorii were selected. Their characteristics including four natures, five flavors, channel tropism and treatment efficiency were cold, warm, neutral, pungent, sweet, bitter, lung meridian, spleen meridian, liver meridian, kidney meridian and clearing heat. Among them, Siraitia grosvenorii, Poria with hostwood, Perilla frutescens, and Radix Platycodi were all medicine and food homologous Chinese herbal medicines. Conclusions: The increase of CXCL10 and CXCL5 expression levels can increase the risk of VD, and the increase of IL-13 and IL-20 RA expression levels can reduce the risk of VD. Siraitia grosvenorii and other Chinese herbal medicines might be potential sources of therapeutic drugs for the treatment of VD. Medicine and food homologous Chinese herbal medicines, such as Siraitia grosvenorii, Poria with hostwood, Perilla frutescens, and Radix Platycodi, may help the elderly population with corresponding Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitutions to prevent VD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11734001,11704017,91950204,92150302,12274478,and 61775244)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2018YFB2200403,2021YFB2800604,and 2021YFB2800302)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(No.Z180015).
文摘In the feld of information processing,all-optical routers are signifcant for achieving high-speed,high-capacity signal processing and transmission.In this study,we developed three types of structurally simple and fexible routers using the deep difractive neural network(D2 NN),capable of routing incident light based on wavelength and polarization.First,we implemented a polarization router for routing two orthogonally polarized light beams.The second type is the wavelength router that can route light with wavelengths of 1550,1300,and 1100 nm,demonstrating outstanding performance with insertion loss as low as 0.013 dB and an extinction ratio of up to 18.96 dB,while also maintaining excellent polarization preservation.The fnal router is the polarization-wavelength composite router,capable of routing six types of input light formed by pairwise combinations of three wavelengths(1550,1300,and 1100 nm)and two orthogonal linearly polarized lights,thereby enhancing the information processing capability of the device.These devices feature compact structures,maintaining high contrast while exhibiting low loss and passive characteristics,making them suitable for integration into future optical components.This study introduces new avenues and methodologies to enhance performance and broaden the applications of future optical information processing systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61822501,11734001,and 11704017)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.Z180015).
文摘Considerable research efforts have been devoted to the investigation of distributed feedback(DFB)organic lasing in photonic crystals in recent decades.It is still a big challenge to realize DFB lasing in complex photonic crystals.This review discusses the recent progress on the DFB organic laser based on one-,two-,and three-dimensional photonic crystals.The photophysics of gain materials and the fabrication of laser cavities are also introduced.At last,future development trends of the lasers are prospected.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12074020).
文摘Phase control of random lasing processes has been a challenge both in physics and in the device/materials design.Although conventional saturable absorbers can be integrated with random lasers to conceive mode-locking scheme,low intensity and random directions of the lasing radiation reduce largely the possibility.In such considerations,we put forth a new mode-locking mechanism,which is defined as cascaded absorption and stimulated emission(CASE),and have it achieved in multicrystalline microdisk structures of a hybrid perovskite.This scheme applies only to lasing materials with strong overlap between the absorption and emission spectra.In this work,we employed 2-photon pumping at 800 nm with a pulse duration of about 150 fs to realize phase-locked random lasing in MAPbBr3 microdisks in donut shapes,which are produced by micro-imprinting using a flexibly transferred template of tricyclo[5.2.1.0^(2,6)]decanedimethanol diacrylate.The phase-locking performance is identified by the narrow-band lasing lines with equal separations.The constant phase shift for initializing phase locking is determined by the internal conversion lifetime in the MAPbBr3 molecules.Two-photon pumping enables large penetration depth into the microdisks and consequently large numbers of phase-locked lasing modes,producing much narrowed and high-contrasted spectral lines.Lasing lines with a bandwidth as narrow as 0.26 to 0.3 nm and an equal separation ranging from 1.7 to 4.8 nm have been achieved for different microdisk schemes.These results imply marked progress in new random lasing physics and potential applications in ultrafast laser technology.
