Grain essential amino acid(EAA)levels contribute to rice nutritional quality.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying EAA accumulation and natural variation in rice grains remain unclear.Here we report the identifi...Grain essential amino acid(EAA)levels contribute to rice nutritional quality.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying EAA accumulation and natural variation in rice grains remain unclear.Here we report the identification of a previously unrecognized auxin influx carrier subfamily gene,OsAUX5,which encodes an amino acid transporter that functions in uptake of multiple amino acids.We identified an elite haplotype of Pro::OsAUX5^(Hap2) that enhances grain EAA accumulation without an apparent negative effect on agronomic traits.Natural variations of OsAUX5 occur in the cis elements of its promoter,which are differentially activated because of the different binding affinity between OsWRKY78 and the W-box,contributing to grain EAA variation among rice varieties.The two distinct haplotypes were shown to have originated from different Oryza rufipogon progenitors,which contributed to the divergence between japonica and indica.Introduction of the indica-type Pro::OsAUX5^(Hap2) genotype into japonica could significantly increase EAA levels,indicating that indica-type Pro::OsAUX5^(Hap2) can be utilized to increase grain EAAs of japonica varieties.Collectively,our study uncovers an WRKY78–OsAUX5-based regulatory mechanism controlling grain EAA accumulation and provides a potential target for breeding EAA-rich rice.展开更多
In this study,a method was developed to form C(sp^(3))-C(sp^(2))bonds via copper catalyst-promoted cross coupling of 2-methylquinoline and in-situ-activated 3-haloisoquinoline under mild conditions.The multi-component...In this study,a method was developed to form C(sp^(3))-C(sp^(2))bonds via copper catalyst-promoted cross coupling of 2-methylquinoline and in-situ-activated 3-haloisoquinoline under mild conditions.The multi-component tandem reaction was used to construct new C-N,C=O and C-C bonds in one pot via sequential functionalization of the N1,C3 and C1 positions of 3-haloisoquinoline.This method can be used to efficiently access 1,2-disubstituted isoquinolinones by the three-component reaction of 3-halogen isoquinoline,alkyl halide,and 2-methylquinoline.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170267 and 32001528)the Key Research and Development Program of Hainan(ZDYF2020066)+3 种基金the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(ZDYF2022XDNY261)the Hainan Major Science and Technology Project(ZDKJ202002 and ZDKJ202001)the Hainan Academician Innovation Platform(HD-YSZX-202003)the Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory(B21Y10902).
文摘Grain essential amino acid(EAA)levels contribute to rice nutritional quality.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying EAA accumulation and natural variation in rice grains remain unclear.Here we report the identification of a previously unrecognized auxin influx carrier subfamily gene,OsAUX5,which encodes an amino acid transporter that functions in uptake of multiple amino acids.We identified an elite haplotype of Pro::OsAUX5^(Hap2) that enhances grain EAA accumulation without an apparent negative effect on agronomic traits.Natural variations of OsAUX5 occur in the cis elements of its promoter,which are differentially activated because of the different binding affinity between OsWRKY78 and the W-box,contributing to grain EAA variation among rice varieties.The two distinct haplotypes were shown to have originated from different Oryza rufipogon progenitors,which contributed to the divergence between japonica and indica.Introduction of the indica-type Pro::OsAUX5^(Hap2) genotype into japonica could significantly increase EAA levels,indicating that indica-type Pro::OsAUX5^(Hap2) can be utilized to increase grain EAAs of japonica varieties.Collectively,our study uncovers an WRKY78–OsAUX5-based regulatory mechanism controlling grain EAA accumulation and provides a potential target for breeding EAA-rich rice.
基金Foundation of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22101212)“Climbing Program”(No.pdjh2021a0505)Special Funds+2 种基金Science Foundation for Young Teachers of Wuyi University(No.2019td06)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2019A1515110866,2019A1515110522)College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Wuyi University(Nos.202111349020,202111349308S)for financial support。
文摘In this study,a method was developed to form C(sp^(3))-C(sp^(2))bonds via copper catalyst-promoted cross coupling of 2-methylquinoline and in-situ-activated 3-haloisoquinoline under mild conditions.The multi-component tandem reaction was used to construct new C-N,C=O and C-C bonds in one pot via sequential functionalization of the N1,C3 and C1 positions of 3-haloisoquinoline.This method can be used to efficiently access 1,2-disubstituted isoquinolinones by the three-component reaction of 3-halogen isoquinoline,alkyl halide,and 2-methylquinoline.
