This study aims to provide a brief overview of the history and development of global health education(GHE)as academic degree programs worldwide,and to identify GHE’s development opportunities and obstacles in China.T...This study aims to provide a brief overview of the history and development of global health education(GHE)as academic degree programs worldwide,and to identify GHE’s development opportunities and obstacles in China.This is a state-of-the-art review of published and unpublished information that described and evaluated disciplinary development of global health degree programs worldwide,written in English,and published or shared between 1990 and 2020.Data were derived from official websites of leading global health institutions,like“Google Scholar”,“PubMed”,and unpublished information such as presentation files and unpublished manuscripts collected from knowledgeable leaders in the field.We retrieved and reviewed a total of 35 articles and a large amount of unpublished information or sources on the internet.Global Health emerged as a new discipline around the end of the last millennium and proliferated in the last two decades in developed nations,especially the United States and the United Kingdom.The development of China’s GHE programs was built on China’s increasing engagement in global health affairs and research.In 2012,Wuhan University established the first official global health department in China.Several universities such as Peking University and Duke Kunshan University subsequently set up departments or programs to offer undergraduate and postgraduate majors and degrees.The first school-level global health unit was established in Shanghai in 2019.The Consortium of Chinese Universities for Global Health(CCUGH)grew from 10 founding members in 2013 to 25 in 2020.Major desirable attributes“unique”to students majoring in global health include global-mindedness,health interests,compassion,intercultural sensitivity,and adventurous spirit.Graduates from GHE programs have a diverse set of career choices spanning research,government,not-for-profit,and private sector occupations.We identified a number of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats to the future development of GHE in China.To ensure sustainable future growth,we advocate addressing the following key aspects:(1)clearer disciplinary distinctions;(2)multidisciplinary collaborations;(3)public-sector investments;and(4)non-public sectors participation.Amidst China’s increasing engagement in health affairs globally and the proliferation of GHE programs in developed nations,China has experienced fast growth in GHE degree programs since 2012 while a number of challenges remain for its future development.展开更多
Background Polypharmacy is one of the most important health issues for its potential impacts on disease burden and healthcare costs.The aim of this study was to update a comprehensive picture of prevalence and trends ...Background Polypharmacy is one of the most important health issues for its potential impacts on disease burden and healthcare costs.The aim of this study was to update a comprehensive picture of prevalence and trends in polypharmacy over 20 years in U.S.adults.Methods Participants included 55,081 adults aged≥20 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,January 1,1999,through December 31,2018.The simultaneously use of≥5 drugs in one individual was defined as polypharmacy.National prevalence and trends in polypharmacy were evaluated among U.S.adults within different demo-socioeconomic status and pre-existing diseases.Results From 1999-2000 to 2017-2018,the overall percentages of adults with polypharmacy remained on the rise,increasing from 8.2%(7.2-9.2%)to 17.1%(15.7-18.5%)(average annual percentage change[AAPC]=2.9%,P=.001).The polypharmacy prevalence was considerably higher in the elderly(from 23.5%to 44.1%),in adults with heart disease(from 40.6%to 61.7%),and in adults with diabetes(from 36.3%to 57.7%).Also,we observed a greater increase rate of polypharmacy in men(AAPC=4.1%,P<.001),in the Mexican American(AAPC=6.3%,P<.001),and in the non-Hispanic Black(AAPC=4.4%,P<.001).Conclusions From 1999-2000 to 2017-2018,the prevalence of polypharmacy is continually increasing in U.S.adults.The polypharmacy was especially higher in the older,in patients with heart disease,or diabetes.The high prevalence urges the healthcare providers and health policymakers to manage polypharmacy among specific population groups.展开更多
Background:The reproductive health addresses the reproductive processes,functions and system at all stages of life.Enhancing the level of global reproductive health is the goal of sustained attention and struggle by t...Background:The reproductive health addresses the reproductive processes,functions and system at all stages of life.Enhancing the level of global reproductive health is the goal of sustained attention and struggle by the international community.The social and economic development in Southeast Asia is lagging behind,and its female reproductive health is worrying,while the differences of female reproductive health among different regions are significant.Objective:To obtains the necessity and urgency of strengthening the reproductive health level of Southeast Asian countries,so as to provide the basis for the priorities and target to policy-makers and health administrators to improve reproductive health.Methods:Literature review were searched in PubMed,Web of Science databases,Google scholar database,and WHO's webpages.Maternal mortality ratio,contraceptive rates,unmet need for family planning,antenatal and postnatal care coverage,and sexually transmitted disease were the five key indicators and the influence factors for female reproductive health status in Southeast Asian countries.Results:The reproductive health of Southeast Asian women were still at a lower level overall and varied in different regions and conntries.Women's education and attitude,accessibility of service,socioeconomic and cultural factors,etc.were the potential influencing factors.Conclusion:There is left quite large space for improvement to the reproductive health in Southeast Asian countries and efficient interventions can be achieved for the key and easier-improved risk factors such as education and in high-risk areas.展开更多
Background:Studies regarding blood pressure of Nepal have demonstrated a contrasting prevalence.We aimed at providing a generalized estimate of the prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension in urban,suburban,and ...Background:Studies regarding blood pressure of Nepal have demonstrated a contrasting prevalence.We aimed at providing a generalized estimate of the prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension in urban,suburban,and rural areas of Nepal.Methods:This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines.A thorough search of PubMed,EMBASE,and Web of Science was performed,and studies satisfying the eligibility criteria were reviewed.Pooled prevalence was calculated by random-effects model,and the sources of heterogeneity were explored with meta-regression and subgroup analysis.Results:Twenty-three studies with 99,792 subjects were identified,and the estimated rate of hypertension and prehypertension were found to be 27.3%(95%CI:23.8-30.9)and 35.4%(30.3-40.8).The prevalence of hypertension was 28.4%(22.4-34.7),25.5%(21.4-29.8),and 24.4%(17.9-31.6)among urban,suburban,and rural populations,respectively.Moreover,rates of hypertension were found to be substantially higher in male(31.6%,27.3-36.1)compared to female(20.0%,14.2-26.6),and significantly higher among the middle-aged(≥40 years;36.8%,29.4-44.5)than among younger adults(<40 years;13.2%,9.2-17.7).Further,prehypertension prevalence was found to be highest in rural areas(40.4%,25.4-56.4)followed by urban areas(29.3%,20.8-38.5)and lowest in suburban areas(25.5%,18.9-32.7).Conclusions:Our study identified an alarming situation of hypertension among Nepalese males and middle-aged,and a situation of concern with prehypertension in rural areas affecting almost 40%of the population.展开更多
Background:To understand the magnitude and spatial-temporal distribution of the regional burden attributable to severe mental disorders is of great essential and high policy relevance.The study aimed to address the bu...Background:To understand the magnitude and spatial-temporal distribution of the regional burden attributable to severe mental disorders is of great essential and high policy relevance.The study aimed to address the burden of severe mental disorders by evaluating the years of life lost,years lived with disability,and disability-adjusted life-years(DALYs)in Guangdong,China.Methods:We undertook a longitudinal study based on a multicenter database established by the Health Commission of Guangdong,involving a total of 21 prefectures and four economic regions in the Guangdong province.A total of 520,731 medical records from patients with severe mental disorders were collected for 2010-2020.Data were analyzed via an integrated evaluation framework by synthesizing prevalence estimates,epidemiological adjustment as well as comorbidity assessment to develop internally consistent estimates of DALY.DALY changes during 2010-2020 were decomposed by population growth and aging and further grouped by Socio-demographic Index(SDI).DALYs were projected to 2030 by the weighted median annualized rate of change in 2010-2020.Results:In 2010-2020,the average DALYs for severe mental disorders reached 798,474(95%uncertainty interval[UI]:536,280-1,270,465)person-years(52.2%for males,and 47.8%for females).Severe mental disorders led to a great amount of disease burden,especially in Guangzhou,Shenzhen,and Foshan cities.Schizophrenia and mental retardation with mental disorders were the two leading sources of the burden ascribed to severe mental disorders.Population growth and aging could be accountable for the increasing burden of severe mental disorders.Economic regions with higher SDI carried a greater burden but had lower annualized rates of change in DALYs.The overall burden of severe mental disorders is projected to rise modestly over the next decade.Conclusions:The findings urge prioritization of initiatives focused on public mental health,prevention strategies,health resources reallocation,and active involvement of authorities to effectively address the anticipated needs.展开更多
Background:Current global health course is most set as elective course taught in traditional teacher-taught model with low credit and short term.Innovate teaching models are required.Crowdsourcing characterized by hig...Background:Current global health course is most set as elective course taught in traditional teacher-taught model with low credit and short term.Innovate teaching models are required.Crowdsourcing characterized by high flexibility and strong application-orientation holds its potential to enhance global health education.We applied crowdsourcing to global health teaching for undergraduates,aiming to develop and evaluate a new teaching model for global health education.Methods:Crowdsourcing was implemented into traditional course-based teaching via introducing five COVID-19 related global health debates.Undergraduate students majoring in preventative medicine and nursing grouped in teams of 5-8,were asked to resolve these debates in reference to main content of the course and with manner they thought most effective to deliver the messages.Students’experience and teaching effect,were evaluated by questionnaires and teachers’ratings,respectively.McNemar’s test was used to compare the difference in students’experience before and after the course,and regression models were used to explore the influencing factors of the teaching effect.Results:A total of 172 undergraduates were included,of which 122(71%)were females.Students’evaluation of the new teaching model improved after the course,but were polarized.Students’self-reported teaching effect averaged 67.53±16.8 and the teachers’rating score averaged 90.84±4.9.Students majoring in preventive medicine,participated in student union,spent more time on revision,and had positive feedback on the new teaching model tended to perform better.Conclusion:We innovatively implemented crowdsourcing into global health teaching,and found this new teaching model was positively received by undergraduate students with improved teaching effects.More studies are needed to optimize the implementation of crowdsourcing alike new methods into global health education,to enrich global health teaching models.展开更多
High-quality infectious disease surveillance systems are foundational to infectious disease prevention and control.Current major infectious disease surveillance systems globally can be categorized as either indicatorb...High-quality infectious disease surveillance systems are foundational to infectious disease prevention and control.Current major infectious disease surveillance systems globally can be categorized as either indicatorbased,which are more specific,or event-based,which are more timely.Modern surveillance systems commonly utilize multi-source data,strengthened information sharing,advanced technology,and improved early warning accuracy and sensitivity.International experience may provide valuable insights for China.China’s existing infectious disease surveillance systems require urgent enhancements to monitor emerging infectious diseases and improve the integration and learning capabilities of early warning models.Methods such as establishing multi-stage surveillance systems,promoting cross-sectoral and cross-provincial data sharing,applying advanced technologies like artificial intelligence,and cultivating professional talent should be adopted to enhance the development of intelligent and multipoint-triggered infectious disease surveillance systems in China.展开更多
Background China bears a high burden of both hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).T2DM accelerates the progression of liver disease among individuals infected with HBV.This study aims to ...Background China bears a high burden of both hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).T2DM accelerates the progression of liver disease among individuals infected with HBV.This study aims to assess the excess disease burden caused by comorbid T2DM among HBV-infected individuals in China.Methods We estimated the disease burden of HBV and its complications in China from 2006 to 2030 using individual-based Markov models.The baseline population consisted of 93 million HBV-infected individuals derived from the 2006 National Serological Epidemiological Survey.We developed two models:one incorporated the impact of T2DM on the disease progression of HBV infection,while the other did not consider the impact of T2DM.By com-paring the outcomes between these two models,we estimated the excess disease burden attributable to comorbid T2DM among HBV-infected individuals.Results The incidence of severe HBV complications,including cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and liver-related deaths,exhibited an increasing trend from 2006 to 2030 among the Chinese HBV-infected population.Comor-bid T2DM increased the annual incidence and cumulative cases of severe HBV complications.From 2006 to 2022,comorbid T2DM caused 791,000(11.41%),244,000(9.27%),377,000(8.78%),and 796,000(12.19%)excess cases of compensated cirrhosis,decompensated cirrhosis,HCC,and liver-related deaths,respectively.From 2023 to 2030,comorbid T2DM is projected to result in an 8.69%excess in severe HBV complications and an 8.95%increase in liver-related deaths.Among individuals aged 60 and older at baseline,comorbid T2DM led to a 21.68%excess in severe HBV complications and a 28.70%increase in liver-related deaths from 2006 to 2022,with projections indicating a fur-ther 20.76%increase in severe HBV complications and an 18.31%rise in liver-related deaths over the next seven years.Conclusions Comorbid T2DM imposes a substantial disease burden on individuals with HBV infection in China.Healthcare providers and health policymakers should develop and implement tailored strategies for the effective management and control of T2DM in individuals with HBV infection.展开更多
Background The performance evaluation of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)is crucial for enhancing the quality of public health services.With the ongoing reform of the CDC system in China,the existin...Background The performance evaluation of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)is crucial for enhancing the quality of public health services.With the ongoing reform of the CDC system in China,the existing performance evaluation system faces challenges.This study used the Delphi method to develop a new performance evaluation system for China’s provincial,city,and county-level CDC.Methods Following the“Structure-Process-Outcome”model,assessment indicators were systematically collected.Indicators were modified and screened through two Delphi rounds based on CDC responsibilities,health develop-ment,and national policies.Twenty-four experts provided ratings and recommendations,and the research team evaluated questionnaire reliability,expert positivity,expert authority,and opinion consistency.Results The preliminary index system identified through the literature review and pre-survey included 11 primary,30 secondary,and 64 tertiary indicators.After the first round of consultation,two secondary indicators and 11 ter-tiary indicators were removed and 22 tertiary indicators were added.After the second round of consultation,three secondary indicators and 11 tertiary indicators were removed and three tertiary indicators were added,at which point the p-value of the test for Kendall’s coefficient of concordance W was<0.001 and the coefficient of variation was within acceptable limits(<0.25),so the consultation was concluded.The final index system included 11 primary,25 secondary,and 67 tertiary indicators.Conclusions This study responded to the CDC system reform by developing a comprehensive performance evalua-tion index system for provincial,city,and county-level CDC in China.The index system is both scientifically grounded and practical,serving as an effective tool for promoting the high-quality work of CDC organizations.展开更多
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has caused hundreds of millions of infections and millions of deaths over past two years.Currently,many countries have still not been able to take the pandemi...Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has caused hundreds of millions of infections and millions of deaths over past two years.Currently,many countries have still not been able to take the pandemic under control.In this review,we systematically summarized what we have done to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic,from the perspectives of virus transmission,public health control measures,to the development and vaccination of COVID-19 vaccines.As a virus most likely coming from bats,the SARS-CoV-2 may transmit among people via airborne,faecal-oral,vertical or foodborne routes.Ourmeta-analysis suggested that the R0 of COVID-19 was 2.9(95%CI:2.7–3.1),and the estimates in Africa and Europe could be higher.The median Rt could decrease by 23–96%following the nonpharmacological interventions,including lockdown,isolation,social distance,and face mask,etc.Comprehensive intervention and lockdown were the most effective measures to control the pandemic.According to the pooled R0 in our meta-analysis,there should be at least 93.3%(95%CI:89.9–96.2%)people being vaccinated around the world.Limited amount of vaccines and the inequity issues in vaccine allocation call for more international cooperation to achieve the antiepidemic goals and vaccination fairness.展开更多
基金partially funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.NSFC 71774075).
文摘This study aims to provide a brief overview of the history and development of global health education(GHE)as academic degree programs worldwide,and to identify GHE’s development opportunities and obstacles in China.This is a state-of-the-art review of published and unpublished information that described and evaluated disciplinary development of global health degree programs worldwide,written in English,and published or shared between 1990 and 2020.Data were derived from official websites of leading global health institutions,like“Google Scholar”,“PubMed”,and unpublished information such as presentation files and unpublished manuscripts collected from knowledgeable leaders in the field.We retrieved and reviewed a total of 35 articles and a large amount of unpublished information or sources on the internet.Global Health emerged as a new discipline around the end of the last millennium and proliferated in the last two decades in developed nations,especially the United States and the United Kingdom.The development of China’s GHE programs was built on China’s increasing engagement in global health affairs and research.In 2012,Wuhan University established the first official global health department in China.Several universities such as Peking University and Duke Kunshan University subsequently set up departments or programs to offer undergraduate and postgraduate majors and degrees.The first school-level global health unit was established in Shanghai in 2019.The Consortium of Chinese Universities for Global Health(CCUGH)grew from 10 founding members in 2013 to 25 in 2020.Major desirable attributes“unique”to students majoring in global health include global-mindedness,health interests,compassion,intercultural sensitivity,and adventurous spirit.Graduates from GHE programs have a diverse set of career choices spanning research,government,not-for-profit,and private sector occupations.We identified a number of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats to the future development of GHE in China.To ensure sustainable future growth,we advocate addressing the following key aspects:(1)clearer disciplinary distinctions;(2)multidisciplinary collaborations;(3)public-sector investments;and(4)non-public sectors participation.Amidst China’s increasing engagement in health affairs globally and the proliferation of GHE programs in developed nations,China has experienced fast growth in GHE degree programs since 2012 while a number of challenges remain for its future development.
基金supported by the National key research and development program of China(grant number 2022YFC3600804 to Y.Hao)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant number 2023M730113 to X.Wang).
文摘Background Polypharmacy is one of the most important health issues for its potential impacts on disease burden and healthcare costs.The aim of this study was to update a comprehensive picture of prevalence and trends in polypharmacy over 20 years in U.S.adults.Methods Participants included 55,081 adults aged≥20 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,January 1,1999,through December 31,2018.The simultaneously use of≥5 drugs in one individual was defined as polypharmacy.National prevalence and trends in polypharmacy were evaluated among U.S.adults within different demo-socioeconomic status and pre-existing diseases.Results From 1999-2000 to 2017-2018,the overall percentages of adults with polypharmacy remained on the rise,increasing from 8.2%(7.2-9.2%)to 17.1%(15.7-18.5%)(average annual percentage change[AAPC]=2.9%,P=.001).The polypharmacy prevalence was considerably higher in the elderly(from 23.5%to 44.1%),in adults with heart disease(from 40.6%to 61.7%),and in adults with diabetes(from 36.3%to 57.7%).Also,we observed a greater increase rate of polypharmacy in men(AAPC=4.1%,P<.001),in the Mexican American(AAPC=6.3%,P<.001),and in the non-Hispanic Black(AAPC=4.4%,P<.001).Conclusions From 1999-2000 to 2017-2018,the prevalence of polypharmacy is continually increasing in U.S.adults.The polypharmacy was especially higher in the older,in patients with heart disease,or diabetes.The high prevalence urges the healthcare providers and health policymakers to manage polypharmacy among specific population groups.
文摘Background:The reproductive health addresses the reproductive processes,functions and system at all stages of life.Enhancing the level of global reproductive health is the goal of sustained attention and struggle by the international community.The social and economic development in Southeast Asia is lagging behind,and its female reproductive health is worrying,while the differences of female reproductive health among different regions are significant.Objective:To obtains the necessity and urgency of strengthening the reproductive health level of Southeast Asian countries,so as to provide the basis for the priorities and target to policy-makers and health administrators to improve reproductive health.Methods:Literature review were searched in PubMed,Web of Science databases,Google scholar database,and WHO's webpages.Maternal mortality ratio,contraceptive rates,unmet need for family planning,antenatal and postnatal care coverage,and sexually transmitted disease were the five key indicators and the influence factors for female reproductive health status in Southeast Asian countries.Results:The reproductive health of Southeast Asian women were still at a lower level overall and varied in different regions and conntries.Women's education and attitude,accessibility of service,socioeconomic and cultural factors,etc.were the potential influencing factors.Conclusion:There is left quite large space for improvement to the reproductive health in Southeast Asian countries and efficient interventions can be achieved for the key and easier-improved risk factors such as education and in high-risk areas.
文摘Background:Studies regarding blood pressure of Nepal have demonstrated a contrasting prevalence.We aimed at providing a generalized estimate of the prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension in urban,suburban,and rural areas of Nepal.Methods:This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines.A thorough search of PubMed,EMBASE,and Web of Science was performed,and studies satisfying the eligibility criteria were reviewed.Pooled prevalence was calculated by random-effects model,and the sources of heterogeneity were explored with meta-regression and subgroup analysis.Results:Twenty-three studies with 99,792 subjects were identified,and the estimated rate of hypertension and prehypertension were found to be 27.3%(95%CI:23.8-30.9)and 35.4%(30.3-40.8).The prevalence of hypertension was 28.4%(22.4-34.7),25.5%(21.4-29.8),and 24.4%(17.9-31.6)among urban,suburban,and rural populations,respectively.Moreover,rates of hypertension were found to be substantially higher in male(31.6%,27.3-36.1)compared to female(20.0%,14.2-26.6),and significantly higher among the middle-aged(≥40 years;36.8%,29.4-44.5)than among younger adults(<40 years;13.2%,9.2-17.7).Further,prehypertension prevalence was found to be highest in rural areas(40.4%,25.4-56.4)followed by urban areas(29.3%,20.8-38.5)and lowest in suburban areas(25.5%,18.9-32.7).Conclusions:Our study identified an alarming situation of hypertension among Nepalese males and middle-aged,and a situation of concern with prehypertension in rural areas affecting almost 40%of the population.
基金supported in part by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation[Grant Numbers 2020A1515011294,2020A1515110230,2021A1515011765,2021A1515011591]the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation[Grant Number 2021M693594]support of K.C.Wong Education Foundation.The sponsor of the study had no role in study design,data collection,data analysis,data interpretation,or writing of the manuscript.
文摘Background:To understand the magnitude and spatial-temporal distribution of the regional burden attributable to severe mental disorders is of great essential and high policy relevance.The study aimed to address the burden of severe mental disorders by evaluating the years of life lost,years lived with disability,and disability-adjusted life-years(DALYs)in Guangdong,China.Methods:We undertook a longitudinal study based on a multicenter database established by the Health Commission of Guangdong,involving a total of 21 prefectures and four economic regions in the Guangdong province.A total of 520,731 medical records from patients with severe mental disorders were collected for 2010-2020.Data were analyzed via an integrated evaluation framework by synthesizing prevalence estimates,epidemiological adjustment as well as comorbidity assessment to develop internally consistent estimates of DALY.DALY changes during 2010-2020 were decomposed by population growth and aging and further grouped by Socio-demographic Index(SDI).DALYs were projected to 2030 by the weighted median annualized rate of change in 2010-2020.Results:In 2010-2020,the average DALYs for severe mental disorders reached 798,474(95%uncertainty interval[UI]:536,280-1,270,465)person-years(52.2%for males,and 47.8%for females).Severe mental disorders led to a great amount of disease burden,especially in Guangzhou,Shenzhen,and Foshan cities.Schizophrenia and mental retardation with mental disorders were the two leading sources of the burden ascribed to severe mental disorders.Population growth and aging could be accountable for the increasing burden of severe mental disorders.Economic regions with higher SDI carried a greater burden but had lower annualized rates of change in DALYs.The overall burden of severe mental disorders is projected to rise modestly over the next decade.Conclusions:The findings urge prioritization of initiatives focused on public mental health,prevention strategies,health resources reallocation,and active involvement of authorities to effectively address the anticipated needs.
基金supported by Higher Education Teaching Reform Project in Guangdong Province(Guangdong Education High Letter[2020]No.20).
文摘Background:Current global health course is most set as elective course taught in traditional teacher-taught model with low credit and short term.Innovate teaching models are required.Crowdsourcing characterized by high flexibility and strong application-orientation holds its potential to enhance global health education.We applied crowdsourcing to global health teaching for undergraduates,aiming to develop and evaluate a new teaching model for global health education.Methods:Crowdsourcing was implemented into traditional course-based teaching via introducing five COVID-19 related global health debates.Undergraduate students majoring in preventative medicine and nursing grouped in teams of 5-8,were asked to resolve these debates in reference to main content of the course and with manner they thought most effective to deliver the messages.Students’experience and teaching effect,were evaluated by questionnaires and teachers’ratings,respectively.McNemar’s test was used to compare the difference in students’experience before and after the course,and regression models were used to explore the influencing factors of the teaching effect.Results:A total of 172 undergraduates were included,of which 122(71%)were females.Students’evaluation of the new teaching model improved after the course,but were polarized.Students’self-reported teaching effect averaged 67.53±16.8 and the teachers’rating score averaged 90.84±4.9.Students majoring in preventive medicine,participated in student union,spent more time on revision,and had positive feedback on the new teaching model tended to perform better.Conclusion:We innovatively implemented crowdsourcing into global health teaching,and found this new teaching model was positively received by undergraduate students with improved teaching effects.More studies are needed to optimize the implementation of crowdsourcing alike new methods into global health education,to enrich global health teaching models.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82204162,81973150).
文摘High-quality infectious disease surveillance systems are foundational to infectious disease prevention and control.Current major infectious disease surveillance systems globally can be categorized as either indicatorbased,which are more specific,or event-based,which are more timely.Modern surveillance systems commonly utilize multi-source data,strengthened information sharing,advanced technology,and improved early warning accuracy and sensitivity.International experience may provide valuable insights for China.China’s existing infectious disease surveillance systems require urgent enhancements to monitor emerging infectious diseases and improve the integration and learning capabilities of early warning models.Methods such as establishing multi-stage surveillance systems,promoting cross-sectoral and cross-provincial data sharing,applying advanced technologies like artificial intelligence,and cultivating professional talent should be adopted to enhance the development of intelligent and multipoint-triggered infectious disease surveillance systems in China.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71774178)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong(Grant No.2017A020212006)National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2018ZX10715004).
文摘Background China bears a high burden of both hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).T2DM accelerates the progression of liver disease among individuals infected with HBV.This study aims to assess the excess disease burden caused by comorbid T2DM among HBV-infected individuals in China.Methods We estimated the disease burden of HBV and its complications in China from 2006 to 2030 using individual-based Markov models.The baseline population consisted of 93 million HBV-infected individuals derived from the 2006 National Serological Epidemiological Survey.We developed two models:one incorporated the impact of T2DM on the disease progression of HBV infection,while the other did not consider the impact of T2DM.By com-paring the outcomes between these two models,we estimated the excess disease burden attributable to comorbid T2DM among HBV-infected individuals.Results The incidence of severe HBV complications,including cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and liver-related deaths,exhibited an increasing trend from 2006 to 2030 among the Chinese HBV-infected population.Comor-bid T2DM increased the annual incidence and cumulative cases of severe HBV complications.From 2006 to 2022,comorbid T2DM caused 791,000(11.41%),244,000(9.27%),377,000(8.78%),and 796,000(12.19%)excess cases of compensated cirrhosis,decompensated cirrhosis,HCC,and liver-related deaths,respectively.From 2023 to 2030,comorbid T2DM is projected to result in an 8.69%excess in severe HBV complications and an 8.95%increase in liver-related deaths.Among individuals aged 60 and older at baseline,comorbid T2DM led to a 21.68%excess in severe HBV complications and a 28.70%increase in liver-related deaths from 2006 to 2022,with projections indicating a fur-ther 20.76%increase in severe HBV complications and an 18.31%rise in liver-related deaths over the next seven years.Conclusions Comorbid T2DM imposes a substantial disease burden on individuals with HBV infection in China.Healthcare providers and health policymakers should develop and implement tailored strategies for the effective management and control of T2DM in individuals with HBV infection.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82204162,81973150).
文摘Background The performance evaluation of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)is crucial for enhancing the quality of public health services.With the ongoing reform of the CDC system in China,the existing performance evaluation system faces challenges.This study used the Delphi method to develop a new performance evaluation system for China’s provincial,city,and county-level CDC.Methods Following the“Structure-Process-Outcome”model,assessment indicators were systematically collected.Indicators were modified and screened through two Delphi rounds based on CDC responsibilities,health develop-ment,and national policies.Twenty-four experts provided ratings and recommendations,and the research team evaluated questionnaire reliability,expert positivity,expert authority,and opinion consistency.Results The preliminary index system identified through the literature review and pre-survey included 11 primary,30 secondary,and 64 tertiary indicators.After the first round of consultation,two secondary indicators and 11 ter-tiary indicators were removed and 22 tertiary indicators were added.After the second round of consultation,three secondary indicators and 11 tertiary indicators were removed and three tertiary indicators were added,at which point the p-value of the test for Kendall’s coefficient of concordance W was<0.001 and the coefficient of variation was within acceptable limits(<0.25),so the consultation was concluded.The final index system included 11 primary,25 secondary,and 67 tertiary indicators.Conclusions This study responded to the CDC system reform by developing a comprehensive performance evalua-tion index system for provincial,city,and county-level CDC in China.The index system is both scientifically grounded and practical,serving as an effective tool for promoting the high-quality work of CDC organizations.
基金funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81973150).
文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has caused hundreds of millions of infections and millions of deaths over past two years.Currently,many countries have still not been able to take the pandemic under control.In this review,we systematically summarized what we have done to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic,from the perspectives of virus transmission,public health control measures,to the development and vaccination of COVID-19 vaccines.As a virus most likely coming from bats,the SARS-CoV-2 may transmit among people via airborne,faecal-oral,vertical or foodborne routes.Ourmeta-analysis suggested that the R0 of COVID-19 was 2.9(95%CI:2.7–3.1),and the estimates in Africa and Europe could be higher.The median Rt could decrease by 23–96%following the nonpharmacological interventions,including lockdown,isolation,social distance,and face mask,etc.Comprehensive intervention and lockdown were the most effective measures to control the pandemic.According to the pooled R0 in our meta-analysis,there should be at least 93.3%(95%CI:89.9–96.2%)people being vaccinated around the world.Limited amount of vaccines and the inequity issues in vaccine allocation call for more international cooperation to achieve the antiepidemic goals and vaccination fairness.
