Thermochemical conversions are pathways for biomass utilization to produce various value-added energy and chemical products. For the development of novel thermochemical conversion technologies, an accurate understandi...Thermochemical conversions are pathways for biomass utilization to produce various value-added energy and chemical products. For the development of novel thermochemical conversion technologies, an accurate understanding of the reaction performance and kinetics is essential. Given the diversity of the thermal analysis techniques, it is necessary to understand the features and limitations of the reactors, ensuring that the selected thermal analysis reactor meets the specific need for reaction characterization. This paper provides a critical overview of the thermal analysis reactors based on the following perspectives: 1) gas flow conditions in the reactor, 2) particle’s external and internal heat and mass transfer limitations, 3) heating rate, 4) temperature distribution, 5) nascent char production and reaction, 6) liquid feeding and atomization, 7) simultaneous sampling and analyzing of bed materials, and 8) reacting atmosphere change. Finally, prospects and future research directions in the development of analysis techniques are proposed.展开更多
Researchers seldom study the optimum design of a mechanical connector for subsea oil-gas pipeline based upon the sealing performance. An optimal design method of a novel subsea pipeline mechanical connector is present...Researchers seldom study the optimum design of a mechanical connector for subsea oil-gas pipeline based upon the sealing performance. An optimal design method of a novel subsea pipeline mechanical connector is presented. By analyzing the static metal sealing mechanism, the critical condition of the sealing performance is established for this connector and the formulation method of the contact pressure on the sealing surface is created. By the method the minimum mean contact pressure of the 8.625 inch connector is calculated as 361 MPa, which is the constraint condition in the optimum design of connector.The finite element model is created in ANSYS Parametric Design Language(APDL) and the structure is optimized by the zero-order method, with variance of contact pressure as the objective function, and mean contact pressures and plastic strains as constraint variables. The optimization shows that variances of contact pressure on two sealing surfaces decrease by 72.41% and 89.33%, respectively, and mean contact pressures increase by 31.18% and 52.84%, respectively. The comparison of the optimal connectors and non-optimal connectors in the water pressure experiments and bending experiments shows that the sealing ability of optimized connectors is much higher than the rated pressure of 4.5 MPa, and the optimal connectors don’t leak under the bending moment of 52.2 kN·m.This research provides the formulation to solve contact pressure on the sealing surface and a structure optimization method to design the connectors with various dimensions.展开更多
Gastric submucosal tumors(SMTs) less than 2 cm are generally considered benign neoplasms, and endoscopic observation is recommended, but SMTs over 2 cm, 40% of which are gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs), have ma...Gastric submucosal tumors(SMTs) less than 2 cm are generally considered benign neoplasms, and endoscopic observation is recommended, but SMTs over 2 cm, 40% of which are gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs), have malignant potential. Although the Japanese Guidelines for GIST recommend partial surgical resection for GIST over 2 cm with malignant potential as well as en bloc large tissue sample to obtain appropriate and large specimens of SMTs, several reports have been published on tissue sampling of SMTs, such as with endoscopic ultrasound sound fine needle aspiration, submucosal tunneling bloc biopsy, and the combination of bite biopsy and endoscopic mucosal resection. Because a simpler, more accurate method is needed for appropriate treatment, we developed oval mucosal opening bloc biopsy after incision and widening by ring thread traction for submucosal tumor(OMOB) approach. OMOB was simple and enabled us to obtain large samples under direct procedure view as well as allowed us to restore to original mucosa.展开更多
AIM:To investigate whether Wild Field Imaging System(WFIS SW-8000),25G endoilluminator,and intraoperative optical coherence tomography(iOCT)can perform realtime screening and diagnosing in patients with suspicious dia...AIM:To investigate whether Wild Field Imaging System(WFIS SW-8000),25G endoilluminator,and intraoperative optical coherence tomography(iOCT)can perform realtime screening and diagnosing in patients with suspicious diabetic retinopathy(DR)during phacoemulsification,especially in cases of white cataract.METHODS:A cross-sectional study was carried out.A total of 204 dense diabetic cataractous eyes of 204 patients with suspected DR treated from April 2020 to March 2021 were included.Phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation was performed.Following the removal of the lens opacity,the 25G endoilluminator,fundus photography,and iOCT were performed successively.Optical coherence tomography(OCT)and/or fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)were used to verify the fundus findings postoperatively.Intraoperative and postoperative results were compared to verify the accuracy of intraoperative diagnosis in each group.RESULTS:Intraoperative and postoperative examinations revealed 58 and 62 eyes with DR,respectively(positive rate,28.43%and 30.39%,respectively).During the phacoemulsification,WFIS SW-8000 detected 44 eyes with DR(the detection rate,70.97%);25G endo-illuminator found 56 eyes with DR(the detection rate,90.32%);iOCT found 46 eyes with DR(the detection rate,74.19%);and 58 eyes with DR were found by combining the three methods(the detection rate,93.55%).There were statistically significant differences in the diagnostic sensitivity for DR among the methods(χ^(2)=16.36,P=0.001).CONCLUSION:WFIS SW-8000,25G endo-illuminator,iOCT,and especially their combination can be used to inspect the fundus and detect DR intraoperatively;they are helpful for the timely diagnosis and treatment of DR in patients with dense cataract.展开更多
Let X denote a discrete distribution as Poisson, binomial or negative binomial variable. The score confidence interval for the mean of X is obtained based on inverting the hypothesis test and the central limit theorem...Let X denote a discrete distribution as Poisson, binomial or negative binomial variable. The score confidence interval for the mean of X is obtained based on inverting the hypothesis test and the central limit theorem is discussed and recommended widely. But it has sharp downward spikes for small means. This paper proposes to move the score interval left a little (about 0.04 unit), called by moved score confidence interval. Numerical computation and Edgeworth expansion show that the moved score interval is analogous to the score interval completely and behaves better for moderate means;for small means the moved interval raises the infimum of the coverage probability and improves the sharp spikes significantly. Especially, it has unified explicit formulations to compute easily.展开更多
Micro reactors are the essential part of thermal analysis techniques for characterizing gas-solid thermochemical reactions. The dynamic and diversified needs for investigating various complex materials and gas-solid r...Micro reactors are the essential part of thermal analysis techniques for characterizing gas-solid thermochemical reactions. The dynamic and diversified needs for investigating various complex materials and gas-solid reactions have led to the development of a variety of different microreactors over the years. Solid particles in microreactors are normally heated by furnaces from outside, resistive elements from inside, direct contact with bed particles, or other non-resistively methods. Solid particles can be fixed or fluidized in reactors where gas-solid contacts vary from diffusion-dominated to nearly diffusion-free conditions. Based on these characteristics, in this article we presented a broad classification for microreactors used for thermal analysis of gas-solid reactions. For each of the most popularly used microreactors, their features and limitations are briefly reviewed. By addressing the diversity of the microreactors used in the field of thermal analysis, the review aims at providing general guidance for the selection and operation of the microreactor to satisfy one's practical specific needs.展开更多
The evolution of lead halide perovskites used for X-ray imaging scintillators has been facilitated by the development of solution-processable semiconductors characterized by large-area,flexible,fast photoresponse.The ...The evolution of lead halide perovskites used for X-ray imaging scintillators has been facilitated by the development of solution-processable semiconductors characterized by large-area,flexible,fast photoresponse.The stability and durability of these new perovskites are insufficient to achieve extended computed tomography scanning times with hard X-rays.In this study,we fabricated a self-assembled CsPbBr_(3)-based scintillator film with a flexible large-area uniform thickness using a new roomtemperature solution-processable method.The sensitivity and responsivity of X-ray photon conversion were quantitatively measured and showed a good linear response relationship suitable for X-ray imaging.We also demonstrated,for the first time,that the self-assembled CsPbBr_(3)-based scintillator has good stability for hard X-ray microtomography.Therefore,such an inexpensive solution-processed semiconductor easily prepared at room temperature can be used as a hard X-ray scintillator and equipped with flexible CsPbBr3-based X-ray detectors.It has great potential in three-dimensional high-resolution phase-contrast X-ray-imaging applications in biomedicine and material science because of its heavy Pb and Br atoms.展开更多
In general,self-healing dielectric composites are mainly composed of polar hydrogen bonds,which have high hydrophilicity and are unsuitable for humid environment.Dielectric composite with Diels-Alder(D-A)bond contains...In general,self-healing dielectric composites are mainly composed of polar hydrogen bonds,which have high hydrophilicity and are unsuitable for humid environment.Dielectric composite with Diels-Alder(D-A)bond contains covalent bonds,it can be adopted as an efficient self-healing material.Here,we construct self-healing barium titanate(BT)/polyurethane(PU)dielectric composites by adopting PU with D-A bond as matrix(BT/PU-DA).The prepared 10%BT/PU-DA composite exhibits superior self-healing ability than that of PUDA.Moreover,its dielectric constant can reach 9.3 with a loss of only 0.04 at 1000 Hz and maintain 93%repair efficiency of tensile strength.The experimental analysis suggests the introduction of D-A bond can enhance the thermostability and self-healing ability of BT/PU-DA composite.In addition,the incorporation of BT nanoparticles and D-A bond in the self-healing composite contributes to the lower dielectric loss and excellent tensile strength after healing.The adopted strategy is a promising and facile approach to develop highly efficient selfhealing dielectric material,which will be conducive to reuse and sustainable development of the electronic packaging material in aqueous medium or wet environment.展开更多
Nociceptive-selective analgesia is often preferred over traditional methods,providing effective pain relief with minimum systemic side effects.The quaternary lidocaine derivative QX-314,is a promising local anesthetic...Nociceptive-selective analgesia is often preferred over traditional methods,providing effective pain relief with minimum systemic side effects.The quaternary lidocaine derivative QX-314,is a promising local anesthetic for achieving selective analgesia.However,due to its inability to penetrate the cell membrane,its efficacy is limited to intracellular administration.In this study,we aimed to develop an injectable electrospun fiber-hydrogel composite comprising QX-314-loaded poly(ε-caprolactone)electrospun fiber and capsaicin(Cap)-loaded F127 hydrogel(Fiber-QX314/Gel-Cap composite)for long-term and nociceptive-selective analgesia.The sequential and sustained release mechanism of Cap and QX-314 helped remarkably extend the sensory blockade duration up to 44.0 h,and prevent motor blockade.Specifically,our findings indicated that QX-314 can traverse the cell membrane through the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channel activated by Cap,thus targeting the intracellular Na+channel receptor to achieve selective analgesia.Moreover,the composite effectively allevi-ated incision pain by suppressing c-Fos expression in the dorsal root ganglion and reducing the activation of glial cells in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.Consequently,the Fiber-QX314/Gel-Cap composite,designed for exceptional biosafety and sustained selective analgesia,holds great promise as a non-opioid analgesic.展开更多
UreteroPelvic Junction Obstruction(UPJO)is a common hydronephrosis disease in children that can result in an even progressive loss of renal function.Ultrasonography is an economical,radiationless,noninvasive,and high ...UreteroPelvic Junction Obstruction(UPJO)is a common hydronephrosis disease in children that can result in an even progressive loss of renal function.Ultrasonography is an economical,radiationless,noninvasive,and high noise preliminary diagnostic step for UPJO.Artificial intelligence has been widely applied to medical fields and can greatly assist doctors'diagnostic abilities.The demand for a highly secure network environment in transferring electronic medical data online,therefore,has led to the development of blockchain technology.In this study,we built and tested a framework that integrates a deep learning diagnosis model with blockchain technology.Our diagnosis model is a combination of an attention-based pyramid semantic segmentation network and a discrete wavelet transformation-processed residual classification network.We also compared the performance between benchmark models and our models.Our diagnosis model outperformed benchmarks on the segmentation task and classification task with MloU=87.93,MPA=93.52,and accuracy=91.77%.For the blockchain system,we applied the InterPlanetary File System protocol to build a secure and private sharing environment.This framework can automatically grade the severity of UPJO using ultrasound images,guarantee secure medical data sharing,assist in doctors'diagnostic ability,relieve patients'burden,and provide technical support for future federated learning and linkage of the Internet of Medical Things(loMT).展开更多
Background:Computed tomography(CT)plays a great role in characterizing and quantifying changes in lung structure and function of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).This study aimed to explore the performance ...Background:Computed tomography(CT)plays a great role in characterizing and quantifying changes in lung structure and function of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).This study aimed to explore the performance of CT-based whole lung radiomic in discriminating COPD patients and non-COPD patients.Methods:This retrospective study was performed on 2785 patients who underwent pulmonary function examination in 5 hospitals and were divided into non-COPD group and COPD group.The radiomic features of the whole lung volume were extracted.Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)logistic regression was applied for feature selection and radiomic signature construction.A radiomic nomogram was established by combining the radiomic score and clinical factors.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis and decision curve analysis(DCA)were used to evaluate the predictive performance of the radiomic nomogram in the training,internal validation,and independent external validation cohorts.Results:Eighteen radiomic features were collected from the whole lung volume to construct a radiomic model.The area under the curve(AUC)of the radiomic model in the training,internal,and independent external validation cohorts were 0.888[95%confidence interval(CI)0.869–0.906],0.874(95%CI 0.844–0.904),and 0.846(95%CI 0.822–0.870),respectively.All were higher than the clinical model(AUC were 0.732,0.714,and 0.777,respectively,P<0.001).DCA demonstrated that the nomogram constructed by combining radiomic score,age,sex,height,and smoking status was superior to the clinical factor model.Conclusions:The intuitive nomogram constructed by CT-based whole-lung radiomic has shown good performance and high accuracy in identifying COPD in this multicenter study.展开更多
Electrochemical detection is an efficient method for the detection of Bisphenol A(BPA).Herein,a sensitive photo-electrochemical sensor based on two-dimensional(2 D)TiO_(2)(001)nanosheets was fabricated and then used f...Electrochemical detection is an efficient method for the detection of Bisphenol A(BPA).Herein,a sensitive photo-electrochemical sensor based on two-dimensional(2 D)TiO_(2)(001)nanosheets was fabricated and then used for BPA electrochemical detection.Upon light irradiation,the 2 D TiO_(2)(001)nanosheets electrode provided a lower detection limit of BPA detection compared with an ambient electrochemical determination.The low detection limit is^5.37 nmol/L(S/N=3).Furthermore,profiting from the photoelectric characteristics,the 2 D TiO_(2)(001)nanosheets electrode exhibits a nice regeneration prope rty.After 45 min of light irradiation,the electrochemical signal was regenerated from14.7%to 82.9%of the original signal at the 6th cycle.This is attributed to the non-selective·OH mediation produced by the 2 D TiO_(2)(001)nanosheets mineralizing anodic polymeric products and resuming surface reactive sites.This investigation indicates that photo-assistance is an efficient method to improve the electrochemical sensor for detecting BPA in water environments.展开更多
Cellulose,one of the important components of biomass,was gasified in supercritical water to produce hydrogen-rich gas in an autoclave which was operated batch-wise under high-pressure.K_(2)CO_(3) and Ca(OH)2 were sele...Cellulose,one of the important components of biomass,was gasified in supercritical water to produce hydrogen-rich gas in an autoclave which was operated batch-wise under high-pressure.K_(2)CO_(3) and Ca(OH)2 were selected as the catalysts(or promoters).The temperature was kept between 450uC and 500uC while pressure was maintained at 24–26 MPa.The reaction time was 20 min.Experimental results showed that the two catalysts had good catalytic effect and optimum amounts were observed for each catalyst.When 0.2 g K_(2)CO_(3) was added,the hydrogen yield could reach 9.456 mol?kg21 which was two times of the H2 amount produced without catalyst.When 1.6 g Ca(OH)2 was added,the H2 yield was 8.265 mol?kg21 which is lower than that obtained using K_(2)CO_(3) as catalyst but is still 1.7 times that achieved without catalyst.Comparing with the results obtained using K_(2)CO_(3) or Ca(OH)2 alone,the use of a combination of K_(2)CO_(3) and Ca(OH)2 could increase the H2 yield by up to 2.5 times that without catalyst and 25%and 45%more than that obtained using K_(2)CO_(3) and Ca(OH)2 alone,respectively.It was found that methane was the dominant product at relatively low temperature.When the temperature was increased,the methane reacts with water and is converted to hydrogen and carbon dioxide.展开更多
The World Health Organization(WHO)announced COVID-19 as a global pandemic in March of 2020[1].The COVID-19 pandemic may persist for a long period of time.Global prevention and control becomes a complex and challenging...The World Health Organization(WHO)announced COVID-19 as a global pandemic in March of 2020[1].The COVID-19 pandemic may persist for a long period of time.Global prevention and control becomes a complex and challenging task,and such efforts should be sustained.Although general measures,such as social distancing,face masks,respiratory hygiene and hand sanitization,will bear fruits for decreasing spread of other respiratory illnesses including influenza,the specific prevention through vaccination is a key focus especially in the upcoming winter and spring seasons[2].展开更多
As the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic struck the entire world,our health systems,global economy,and humanity have been put to a test that was never seen before.By September 1,2020 when this article was sub...As the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic struck the entire world,our health systems,global economy,and humanity have been put to a test that was never seen before.By September 1,2020 when this article was submitted,COVID-19 has infected over 25 million people worldwide,and resulted in a total mortality of more than 856555(https://covid19.who.int).The actions taken by global medical professionals,health agencies and organizations,governments,etc.,can directly impact the health,safety,and wellbeing of our lives,including lives of our most vulnerable population,children.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1908201,U1903130)the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2020YFC1909300)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(2021-NLTS-12-09).
文摘Thermochemical conversions are pathways for biomass utilization to produce various value-added energy and chemical products. For the development of novel thermochemical conversion technologies, an accurate understanding of the reaction performance and kinetics is essential. Given the diversity of the thermal analysis techniques, it is necessary to understand the features and limitations of the reactors, ensuring that the selected thermal analysis reactor meets the specific need for reaction characterization. This paper provides a critical overview of the thermal analysis reactors based on the following perspectives: 1) gas flow conditions in the reactor, 2) particle’s external and internal heat and mass transfer limitations, 3) heating rate, 4) temperature distribution, 5) nascent char production and reaction, 6) liquid feeding and atomization, 7) simultaneous sampling and analyzing of bed materials, and 8) reacting atmosphere change. Finally, prospects and future research directions in the development of analysis techniques are proposed.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51279042,51105088)
文摘Researchers seldom study the optimum design of a mechanical connector for subsea oil-gas pipeline based upon the sealing performance. An optimal design method of a novel subsea pipeline mechanical connector is presented. By analyzing the static metal sealing mechanism, the critical condition of the sealing performance is established for this connector and the formulation method of the contact pressure on the sealing surface is created. By the method the minimum mean contact pressure of the 8.625 inch connector is calculated as 361 MPa, which is the constraint condition in the optimum design of connector.The finite element model is created in ANSYS Parametric Design Language(APDL) and the structure is optimized by the zero-order method, with variance of contact pressure as the objective function, and mean contact pressures and plastic strains as constraint variables. The optimization shows that variances of contact pressure on two sealing surfaces decrease by 72.41% and 89.33%, respectively, and mean contact pressures increase by 31.18% and 52.84%, respectively. The comparison of the optimal connectors and non-optimal connectors in the water pressure experiments and bending experiments shows that the sealing ability of optimized connectors is much higher than the rated pressure of 4.5 MPa, and the optimal connectors don’t leak under the bending moment of 52.2 kN·m.This research provides the formulation to solve contact pressure on the sealing surface and a structure optimization method to design the connectors with various dimensions.
文摘Gastric submucosal tumors(SMTs) less than 2 cm are generally considered benign neoplasms, and endoscopic observation is recommended, but SMTs over 2 cm, 40% of which are gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs), have malignant potential. Although the Japanese Guidelines for GIST recommend partial surgical resection for GIST over 2 cm with malignant potential as well as en bloc large tissue sample to obtain appropriate and large specimens of SMTs, several reports have been published on tissue sampling of SMTs, such as with endoscopic ultrasound sound fine needle aspiration, submucosal tunneling bloc biopsy, and the combination of bite biopsy and endoscopic mucosal resection. Because a simpler, more accurate method is needed for appropriate treatment, we developed oval mucosal opening bloc biopsy after incision and widening by ring thread traction for submucosal tumor(OMOB) approach. OMOB was simple and enabled us to obtain large samples under direct procedure view as well as allowed us to restore to original mucosa.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81974129)the Technology and Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.2016699)+1 种基金the Technology and Science Foundation of Nantong(No.22019012No.2019078).
文摘AIM:To investigate whether Wild Field Imaging System(WFIS SW-8000),25G endoilluminator,and intraoperative optical coherence tomography(iOCT)can perform realtime screening and diagnosing in patients with suspicious diabetic retinopathy(DR)during phacoemulsification,especially in cases of white cataract.METHODS:A cross-sectional study was carried out.A total of 204 dense diabetic cataractous eyes of 204 patients with suspected DR treated from April 2020 to March 2021 were included.Phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation was performed.Following the removal of the lens opacity,the 25G endoilluminator,fundus photography,and iOCT were performed successively.Optical coherence tomography(OCT)and/or fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)were used to verify the fundus findings postoperatively.Intraoperative and postoperative results were compared to verify the accuracy of intraoperative diagnosis in each group.RESULTS:Intraoperative and postoperative examinations revealed 58 and 62 eyes with DR,respectively(positive rate,28.43%and 30.39%,respectively).During the phacoemulsification,WFIS SW-8000 detected 44 eyes with DR(the detection rate,70.97%);25G endo-illuminator found 56 eyes with DR(the detection rate,90.32%);iOCT found 46 eyes with DR(the detection rate,74.19%);and 58 eyes with DR were found by combining the three methods(the detection rate,93.55%).There were statistically significant differences in the diagnostic sensitivity for DR among the methods(χ^(2)=16.36,P=0.001).CONCLUSION:WFIS SW-8000,25G endo-illuminator,iOCT,and especially their combination can be used to inspect the fundus and detect DR intraoperatively;they are helpful for the timely diagnosis and treatment of DR in patients with dense cataract.
文摘Let X denote a discrete distribution as Poisson, binomial or negative binomial variable. The score confidence interval for the mean of X is obtained based on inverting the hypothesis test and the central limit theorem is discussed and recommended widely. But it has sharp downward spikes for small means. This paper proposes to move the score interval left a little (about 0.04 unit), called by moved score confidence interval. Numerical computation and Edgeworth expansion show that the moved score interval is analogous to the score interval completely and behaves better for moderate means;for small means the moved interval raises the infimum of the coverage probability and improves the sharp spikes significantly. Especially, it has unified explicit formulations to compute easily.
基金supported by both the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1903130 and U1908201)the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(2020YFC1909300).
文摘Micro reactors are the essential part of thermal analysis techniques for characterizing gas-solid thermochemical reactions. The dynamic and diversified needs for investigating various complex materials and gas-solid reactions have led to the development of a variety of different microreactors over the years. Solid particles in microreactors are normally heated by furnaces from outside, resistive elements from inside, direct contact with bed particles, or other non-resistively methods. Solid particles can be fixed or fluidized in reactors where gas-solid contacts vary from diffusion-dominated to nearly diffusion-free conditions. Based on these characteristics, in this article we presented a broad classification for microreactors used for thermal analysis of gas-solid reactions. For each of the most popularly used microreactors, their features and limitations are briefly reviewed. By addressing the diversity of the microreactors used in the field of thermal analysis, the review aims at providing general guidance for the selection and operation of the microreactor to satisfy one's practical specific needs.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 12175127)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China (No. ZR2020MA088)
文摘The evolution of lead halide perovskites used for X-ray imaging scintillators has been facilitated by the development of solution-processable semiconductors characterized by large-area,flexible,fast photoresponse.The stability and durability of these new perovskites are insufficient to achieve extended computed tomography scanning times with hard X-rays.In this study,we fabricated a self-assembled CsPbBr_(3)-based scintillator film with a flexible large-area uniform thickness using a new roomtemperature solution-processable method.The sensitivity and responsivity of X-ray photon conversion were quantitatively measured and showed a good linear response relationship suitable for X-ray imaging.We also demonstrated,for the first time,that the self-assembled CsPbBr_(3)-based scintillator has good stability for hard X-ray microtomography.Therefore,such an inexpensive solution-processed semiconductor easily prepared at room temperature can be used as a hard X-ray scintillator and equipped with flexible CsPbBr3-based X-ray detectors.It has great potential in three-dimensional high-resolution phase-contrast X-ray-imaging applications in biomedicine and material science because of its heavy Pb and Br atoms.
基金the State Major Research Program of China(2020YFF0406126,Junlong Yao)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22102125,Huan Yang)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation of Wuhan Institute of Technology(K2021040,Huan Yang)the Innovation Foundation of Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education(GCX202108,Huan Yang)the Graduate Innovative Fund of Wuhan Institute of Technology(cx2021127,Wei Nie).
文摘In general,self-healing dielectric composites are mainly composed of polar hydrogen bonds,which have high hydrophilicity and are unsuitable for humid environment.Dielectric composite with Diels-Alder(D-A)bond contains covalent bonds,it can be adopted as an efficient self-healing material.Here,we construct self-healing barium titanate(BT)/polyurethane(PU)dielectric composites by adopting PU with D-A bond as matrix(BT/PU-DA).The prepared 10%BT/PU-DA composite exhibits superior self-healing ability than that of PUDA.Moreover,its dielectric constant can reach 9.3 with a loss of only 0.04 at 1000 Hz and maintain 93%repair efficiency of tensile strength.The experimental analysis suggests the introduction of D-A bond can enhance the thermostability and self-healing ability of BT/PU-DA composite.In addition,the incorporation of BT nanoparticles and D-A bond in the self-healing composite contributes to the lower dielectric loss and excellent tensile strength after healing.The adopted strategy is a promising and facile approach to develop highly efficient selfhealing dielectric material,which will be conducive to reuse and sustainable development of the electronic packaging material in aqueous medium or wet environment.
基金supported by the Joint Funds of National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20276)the“Five and five”Project of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University(2023WW501)+9 种基金the Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Program(202201020429)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province-Regional Innovation Capacity and Support System Construction(2023B110006)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0111300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52373166,22277155,32001012)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(2024A04J6572,202102010217,202102010190)the Guangdong Provincial Pearl River Talents Program(2019QN01Y131)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China(2020A0505100035)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019A1515011852,2021A1515012318)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GZC20233217)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province for Distinguished Young Scholar(2024B1515020025),and the China Primary Health Care Foundation(2022-003).
文摘Nociceptive-selective analgesia is often preferred over traditional methods,providing effective pain relief with minimum systemic side effects.The quaternary lidocaine derivative QX-314,is a promising local anesthetic for achieving selective analgesia.However,due to its inability to penetrate the cell membrane,its efficacy is limited to intracellular administration.In this study,we aimed to develop an injectable electrospun fiber-hydrogel composite comprising QX-314-loaded poly(ε-caprolactone)electrospun fiber and capsaicin(Cap)-loaded F127 hydrogel(Fiber-QX314/Gel-Cap composite)for long-term and nociceptive-selective analgesia.The sequential and sustained release mechanism of Cap and QX-314 helped remarkably extend the sensory blockade duration up to 44.0 h,and prevent motor blockade.Specifically,our findings indicated that QX-314 can traverse the cell membrane through the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channel activated by Cap,thus targeting the intracellular Na+channel receptor to achieve selective analgesia.Moreover,the composite effectively allevi-ated incision pain by suppressing c-Fos expression in the dorsal root ganglion and reducing the activation of glial cells in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.Consequently,the Fiber-QX314/Gel-Cap composite,designed for exceptional biosafety and sustained selective analgesia,holds great promise as a non-opioid analgesic.
基金This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFB2104402).
文摘UreteroPelvic Junction Obstruction(UPJO)is a common hydronephrosis disease in children that can result in an even progressive loss of renal function.Ultrasonography is an economical,radiationless,noninvasive,and high noise preliminary diagnostic step for UPJO.Artificial intelligence has been widely applied to medical fields and can greatly assist doctors'diagnostic abilities.The demand for a highly secure network environment in transferring electronic medical data online,therefore,has led to the development of blockchain technology.In this study,we built and tested a framework that integrates a deep learning diagnosis model with blockchain technology.Our diagnosis model is a combination of an attention-based pyramid semantic segmentation network and a discrete wavelet transformation-processed residual classification network.We also compared the performance between benchmark models and our models.Our diagnosis model outperformed benchmarks on the segmentation task and classification task with MloU=87.93,MPA=93.52,and accuracy=91.77%.For the blockchain system,we applied the InterPlanetary File System protocol to build a secure and private sharing environment.This framework can automatically grade the severity of UPJO using ultrasound images,guarantee secure medical data sharing,assist in doctors'diagnostic ability,relieve patients'burden,and provide technical support for future federated learning and linkage of the Internet of Medical Things(loMT).
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2010002,2022YFC2010000 and 2022YFC2010005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82171926,81930049 and 82202140)+3 种基金the Medical Imaging Database Construction Program of National Health Commission(YXFSC2022JJSJ002)the Clinical Innovative Project of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital(2020YLCYJ-Y24)the Program of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(21DZ2202600)the Shanghai Sailing Program(20YF1449000).
文摘Background:Computed tomography(CT)plays a great role in characterizing and quantifying changes in lung structure and function of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).This study aimed to explore the performance of CT-based whole lung radiomic in discriminating COPD patients and non-COPD patients.Methods:This retrospective study was performed on 2785 patients who underwent pulmonary function examination in 5 hospitals and were divided into non-COPD group and COPD group.The radiomic features of the whole lung volume were extracted.Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)logistic regression was applied for feature selection and radiomic signature construction.A radiomic nomogram was established by combining the radiomic score and clinical factors.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis and decision curve analysis(DCA)were used to evaluate the predictive performance of the radiomic nomogram in the training,internal validation,and independent external validation cohorts.Results:Eighteen radiomic features were collected from the whole lung volume to construct a radiomic model.The area under the curve(AUC)of the radiomic model in the training,internal,and independent external validation cohorts were 0.888[95%confidence interval(CI)0.869–0.906],0.874(95%CI 0.844–0.904),and 0.846(95%CI 0.822–0.870),respectively.All were higher than the clinical model(AUC were 0.732,0.714,and 0.777,respectively,P<0.001).DCA demonstrated that the nomogram constructed by combining radiomic score,age,sex,height,and smoking status was superior to the clinical factor model.Conclusions:The intuitive nomogram constructed by CT-based whole-lung radiomic has shown good performance and high accuracy in identifying COPD in this multicenter study.
基金the Applied Basic Research Programs of Yunnan Science and Technology Department(No.2017FD085)the Program of Introducing Talents of Kunming University(Nos.YJL16003 and YJL18008)+4 种基金National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.61904073)Science Foundation of Yunnan Provincial Education Department(No.2018JS392)Projects of Science and Technology Plans of Kunming(No.20191-C-25318000002189)“Thousand Talents Program”of Yunnan Province for Young TalentsSpring City Plan-Special Program for Young Talents。
文摘Electrochemical detection is an efficient method for the detection of Bisphenol A(BPA).Herein,a sensitive photo-electrochemical sensor based on two-dimensional(2 D)TiO_(2)(001)nanosheets was fabricated and then used for BPA electrochemical detection.Upon light irradiation,the 2 D TiO_(2)(001)nanosheets electrode provided a lower detection limit of BPA detection compared with an ambient electrochemical determination.The low detection limit is^5.37 nmol/L(S/N=3).Furthermore,profiting from the photoelectric characteristics,the 2 D TiO_(2)(001)nanosheets electrode exhibits a nice regeneration prope rty.After 45 min of light irradiation,the electrochemical signal was regenerated from14.7%to 82.9%of the original signal at the 6th cycle.This is attributed to the non-selective·OH mediation produced by the 2 D TiO_(2)(001)nanosheets mineralizing anodic polymeric products and resuming surface reactive sites.This investigation indicates that photo-assistance is an efficient method to improve the electrochemical sensor for detecting BPA in water environments.
文摘Cellulose,one of the important components of biomass,was gasified in supercritical water to produce hydrogen-rich gas in an autoclave which was operated batch-wise under high-pressure.K_(2)CO_(3) and Ca(OH)2 were selected as the catalysts(or promoters).The temperature was kept between 450uC and 500uC while pressure was maintained at 24–26 MPa.The reaction time was 20 min.Experimental results showed that the two catalysts had good catalytic effect and optimum amounts were observed for each catalyst.When 0.2 g K_(2)CO_(3) was added,the hydrogen yield could reach 9.456 mol?kg21 which was two times of the H2 amount produced without catalyst.When 1.6 g Ca(OH)2 was added,the H2 yield was 8.265 mol?kg21 which is lower than that obtained using K_(2)CO_(3) as catalyst but is still 1.7 times that achieved without catalyst.Comparing with the results obtained using K_(2)CO_(3) or Ca(OH)2 alone,the use of a combination of K_(2)CO_(3) and Ca(OH)2 could increase the H2 yield by up to 2.5 times that without catalyst and 25%and 45%more than that obtained using K_(2)CO_(3) and Ca(OH)2 alone,respectively.It was found that methane was the dominant product at relatively low temperature.When the temperature was increased,the methane reacts with water and is converted to hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
文摘The World Health Organization(WHO)announced COVID-19 as a global pandemic in March of 2020[1].The COVID-19 pandemic may persist for a long period of time.Global prevention and control becomes a complex and challenging task,and such efforts should be sustained.Although general measures,such as social distancing,face masks,respiratory hygiene and hand sanitization,will bear fruits for decreasing spread of other respiratory illnesses including influenza,the specific prevention through vaccination is a key focus especially in the upcoming winter and spring seasons[2].
文摘As the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic struck the entire world,our health systems,global economy,and humanity have been put to a test that was never seen before.By September 1,2020 when this article was submitted,COVID-19 has infected over 25 million people worldwide,and resulted in a total mortality of more than 856555(https://covid19.who.int).The actions taken by global medical professionals,health agencies and organizations,governments,etc.,can directly impact the health,safety,and wellbeing of our lives,including lives of our most vulnerable population,children.
