Direct conversion of solar energy into chemical energy in an environmentally friendly manner is one of the most promising strategies to deal with the environmental pollution and energy crisis.Among a variety of materi...Direct conversion of solar energy into chemical energy in an environmentally friendly manner is one of the most promising strategies to deal with the environmental pollution and energy crisis.Among a variety of materials developed as photocatalysts,the core-shell metal/covalent-organic framework(MOF or COF)photocatalysts have garnered significant attention due to their highly porous structure and the adjustability in both structure and functionality.The existing reviews on core-shell organic framework photocatalytic materials have mainly focused on core-shell MOF materials.However,there is still a lack of indepth reviews specifically addressing the photocatalytic performance of core-shell COFs and MOFs@COFs.Simultaneously,there is an urgent need for a comprehensive review encompassing these three types of core-shell structures.Based on this,this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding and useful guidelines for the exploration of suitable core-shell organic framework photocatalysts towards appropriate photocatalytic energy conversion and environmental governance.Firstly,the classification,synthesis,formation mechanisms,and reasonable regulation of core-shell organic framework were summarized.Then,the photocatalytic applications of these three kinds of core-shell structures in different areas,such as H_(2)evolution,CO_(2)reduction,and pollutants degradation are emphasized.Finally,the main challenges and development prospects of core-shell organic framework photocatalysts were introduced.This review aims to provide insights into the development of a novel generation of efficient and stable core-shell organic framework materials for energy conversion and environmental remediation.展开更多
Studying the geologic architecture of the Xiong'an New Area will provide important basis for the evaluation of crustal stability, urban planning and infrastructural projects in this region, and it is also of great...Studying the geologic architecture of the Xiong'an New Area will provide important basis for the evaluation of crustal stability, urban planning and infrastructural projects in this region, and it is also of great significance in exploring the occurrence of oil and gas, geothermal, hot dry rock and other resources. The stratigraphic system of the study area is established by using latest high quality seismic reflection and deep borehole data. Characteristics of the major faults developed in the study area are finely depicted with the method of structural analysis. Tectonic evolution of Xiong'an and adjacent areas is reconstructed by using balanced geological cross-section technique. The tectonic activity of the study area is discussed on the basis of the development of secondary faults and the distribution of active earthquakes across the region. This study demonstrates that Xiong'an New Area is located at the transfer zone of the central and northern Jizhong Depression. There are three regional unconformities developed in this area, by which four structural layers are sub-divided. Controlled by the Taihang Mountain piedmont fault, the Daxing fault, the Rongcheng fault and the Niudong fault, the structural framework of the study area is characterized by intervening highs with sags. This structural pattern has an important controlling over the reservoir characteristics, hydrocarbon accumulation and the distribution of geothermal resources and hot dry rock within this region. Rifting in this area began in the early Paleogene, exhibiting typical episodic character and became inactive in Neogene. The development feature of secondary faults along with the distribution of active earthquakes indicate that Xiong'an New Area has been in a relatively stable tectonic setting since the Neogene, while the Baxian Sag and other structural units to the east of it have obviously been in a rather active environment.展开更多
The advances in transmission electron microscopy(TEM)have greatly improved the characterization of heterogeneous catalysts,offering valuable insights into their operational efficacy through the correlation of their ph...The advances in transmission electron microscopy(TEM)have greatly improved the characterization of heterogeneous catalysts,offering valuable insights into their operational efficacy through the correlation of their physicochemical characteristics with performance,specificity,and robustness at nanoscales.Understanding tangible catalyst attributes and corresponding catalytic processes necessitates the identification and rationalization of catalyst behavior modifications during reaction conditions.Recent innovations in in-situ TEM techniques have opened new avenues to observe the progress of heterogeneous catalysis with unparalleled spatial precision,superior energy resolution,and precise temporal resolution in controlled or realistic catalytic environments.Herein,we have reviewed the established and evolving techniques for monitoring catalysts through the utilization of in-situ TEM.By combining in-situ TEM with cutting-edge spectroscopic methodologies like atomic electron tomography(AET),4D-STEM,cryogenic electron microscopy,and monochromated electron energy loss spectroscopy(EELS),a comprehensive approach to catalyst observation is achieved.Likewise,this advancement is expected to highlight and expand the crucial role of in-situ TEM in elucidating catalyst surface structures,active sites,and reaction pathways across key catalytic reactions,shaping the field of research in heterogeneous catalysis.Finally,the potential applications,advantages,and challenges of using in-situ TEM are emphasized and addressed in detail.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52161145409,21976116)SAFEA of China("Belt and Road”Innovative Talent Exchange Foreign Expert Project#2023041004L)(High-end Foreign Expert Project#G2023041021L)the Alexander-von-Humboldt Foundation of Germany(GroupLinkage Program)。
文摘Direct conversion of solar energy into chemical energy in an environmentally friendly manner is one of the most promising strategies to deal with the environmental pollution and energy crisis.Among a variety of materials developed as photocatalysts,the core-shell metal/covalent-organic framework(MOF or COF)photocatalysts have garnered significant attention due to their highly porous structure and the adjustability in both structure and functionality.The existing reviews on core-shell organic framework photocatalytic materials have mainly focused on core-shell MOF materials.However,there is still a lack of indepth reviews specifically addressing the photocatalytic performance of core-shell COFs and MOFs@COFs.Simultaneously,there is an urgent need for a comprehensive review encompassing these three types of core-shell structures.Based on this,this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding and useful guidelines for the exploration of suitable core-shell organic framework photocatalysts towards appropriate photocatalytic energy conversion and environmental governance.Firstly,the classification,synthesis,formation mechanisms,and reasonable regulation of core-shell organic framework were summarized.Then,the photocatalytic applications of these three kinds of core-shell structures in different areas,such as H_(2)evolution,CO_(2)reduction,and pollutants degradation are emphasized.Finally,the main challenges and development prospects of core-shell organic framework photocatalysts were introduced.This review aims to provide insights into the development of a novel generation of efficient and stable core-shell organic framework materials for energy conversion and environmental remediation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFC0601405)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41430316)
文摘Studying the geologic architecture of the Xiong'an New Area will provide important basis for the evaluation of crustal stability, urban planning and infrastructural projects in this region, and it is also of great significance in exploring the occurrence of oil and gas, geothermal, hot dry rock and other resources. The stratigraphic system of the study area is established by using latest high quality seismic reflection and deep borehole data. Characteristics of the major faults developed in the study area are finely depicted with the method of structural analysis. Tectonic evolution of Xiong'an and adjacent areas is reconstructed by using balanced geological cross-section technique. The tectonic activity of the study area is discussed on the basis of the development of secondary faults and the distribution of active earthquakes across the region. This study demonstrates that Xiong'an New Area is located at the transfer zone of the central and northern Jizhong Depression. There are three regional unconformities developed in this area, by which four structural layers are sub-divided. Controlled by the Taihang Mountain piedmont fault, the Daxing fault, the Rongcheng fault and the Niudong fault, the structural framework of the study area is characterized by intervening highs with sags. This structural pattern has an important controlling over the reservoir characteristics, hydrocarbon accumulation and the distribution of geothermal resources and hot dry rock within this region. Rifting in this area began in the early Paleogene, exhibiting typical episodic character and became inactive in Neogene. The development feature of secondary faults along with the distribution of active earthquakes indicate that Xiong'an New Area has been in a relatively stable tectonic setting since the Neogene, while the Baxian Sag and other structural units to the east of it have obviously been in a rather active environment.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52161145409,21976116)SAFEA of China(“Belt and Road”Innovative Talent Exchange Foreign Expert Project#2023041004L)(High-end Foreign Expert Project#G2023041021L)Alexander-von-Humboldt Foundation of Germany(Group-Linkage Program)。
文摘The advances in transmission electron microscopy(TEM)have greatly improved the characterization of heterogeneous catalysts,offering valuable insights into their operational efficacy through the correlation of their physicochemical characteristics with performance,specificity,and robustness at nanoscales.Understanding tangible catalyst attributes and corresponding catalytic processes necessitates the identification and rationalization of catalyst behavior modifications during reaction conditions.Recent innovations in in-situ TEM techniques have opened new avenues to observe the progress of heterogeneous catalysis with unparalleled spatial precision,superior energy resolution,and precise temporal resolution in controlled or realistic catalytic environments.Herein,we have reviewed the established and evolving techniques for monitoring catalysts through the utilization of in-situ TEM.By combining in-situ TEM with cutting-edge spectroscopic methodologies like atomic electron tomography(AET),4D-STEM,cryogenic electron microscopy,and monochromated electron energy loss spectroscopy(EELS),a comprehensive approach to catalyst observation is achieved.Likewise,this advancement is expected to highlight and expand the crucial role of in-situ TEM in elucidating catalyst surface structures,active sites,and reaction pathways across key catalytic reactions,shaping the field of research in heterogeneous catalysis.Finally,the potential applications,advantages,and challenges of using in-situ TEM are emphasized and addressed in detail.
