Kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe)thin-film solar cells are considered promising candidates for sustainable photovoltaic applications due to their high theoretical efficiency and the abundance of low-toxicity elements.H...Kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe)thin-film solar cells are considered promising candidates for sustainable photovoltaic applications due to their high theoretical efficiency and the abundance of low-toxicity elements.However,their performance is hindered by CuZn antisite defects and associated defect clusters,which contribute to harmful band tailing and non-radiative recombination.Substituting Zn with Cd,which has a larger ionic radius,has been shown to effectively suppress non-radiative recombination,achieving efficiencies of up to 11.73%.However,the effect of Cd alloying on absorber morphology,electronic properties,and device performance has not yet been fully explored.In this work,using the Cu^(+)-Sn^(4+)-dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)solution as a platform,we have successfully incorporated Cd^(2+)into the lattice of CZTSSe across the full concentration range,enabling a systematic investigation of the Cd alloying effect.The results show that Cd alloying promotes grain growth,resulting in a flat and compact film at low concentration,but excessive grain growth at high concentration.Furthermore,low Cd content inhibits lattice disorder,thereby reducing band tailing.Incorporation of Cd is found to linearly reduce the band gap by raising the valence band maximum and lowering the conduction band minimum,which increases the conduction band offset(CBO)at the heterojunction,but the CBO remains a relatively ideal value(<0.3 eV)at low Cd content(<50%).Notably,the 5%Cd alloyed CZTSSe solar cell achieved 13.31%efficiency without an anti-reflective coating,owing to the improved film properties,ideal CBO(<0.24 eV),and suppressed interface recombination.This represents an over 7.0%improvement compared to the intrinsic device performance without Cd alloying.However,high-concentration Cd alloying can damage the absorber,leading to void formation within the grains and the crystal structure transition from kesterite to stannite at 50%Cd,resulting in significant device performance degradation.展开更多
Microwave absorption in radar stealth technology is faced with challenges in terms of its effectiveness in low-frequency regions.Herein,we report a new laser-based method for producing an ultrawideband metamaterial-ba...Microwave absorption in radar stealth technology is faced with challenges in terms of its effectiveness in low-frequency regions.Herein,we report a new laser-based method for producing an ultrawideband metamaterial-based microwave absorber with a highly uniform sheet resistance and negative magnetic permeability at resonant frequencies,which results in a wide bandwidth in the L-to S-band.Control of the electrical sheet resistance uniformity has been achieved with less than 5%deviation at 400Ωsq^(-1)and 6%deviation at 120Ωsq^(-1),resulting in a microwave absorption coefficient between 97.2%and 97.7%within a1.56–18.3 GHz bandwidth for incident angles of 0°–40°,and there is no need for providing energy or an electrical power source during the operation.Porous N-and S-doped turbostratic graphene 2D patterns with embedded magnetic nanoparticles were produced simultaneously on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate via laser direct writing.The proposed low-frequency,wideband,wide-incident-angle,and high-electromagnetic-absorption microwave absorber can potentially be used in aviation,electromagnetic interference(EMI)suppression,and 5G applications.展开更多
Cancer of unknown primary(CUP)is a highly heterogeneous tumor type that is confirmed to be metastatic through pathological examination;however,its primary lesion cannot be determined on the basis of detailed clinical ...Cancer of unknown primary(CUP)is a highly heterogeneous tumor type that is confirmed to be metastatic through pathological examination;however,its primary lesion cannot be determined on the basis of detailed clinical information and diagnostic methods.The current guidelines have not changed the basic definition of CUP.Some studies have reported a decline in the incidence of CUP,to approximately 2%1,with the development of diagnostic techniques such as radiology,histopathology,and genetic testing.展开更多
In this work, melamine-formaldehyde resin was cationized by adding modifiers so that the fibers closely bonded to improve their usability and the wet strength of paper was greatly improved. Triethanolamine and dimethy...In this work, melamine-formaldehyde resin was cationized by adding modifiers so that the fibers closely bonded to improve their usability and the wet strength of paper was greatly improved. Triethanolamine and dimethylamine were added to modify the melamine-formaldehyde resin,respectively.The mechanism of the cationized resin was explored and the possible chemical reactions were deduced. It was concluded that,with the use of triethanolamine,the most optimum product was obtained by hydroxymethylation for 30 min with a temperature of 85℃ and p H of 9. 0 where n( melamine) ∶ n( formaldehyde) ∶ n( methanol) ∶ n( triethanolamine) was 100 ∶ 330 ∶ 450 ∶ 15. With the combined use of dimethylamine and methanol,the optimal product was acquired by condensation for 30 min at a temperature of 50℃ and p H of 2. 0 at melamine, formaldehyde, methanol, and dimethylamine molar ratio of100∶ 330∶ 350∶ 20. With the only use of dimethylamine,the optimal product was obtained by condensation at melamine,formaldehyde,dimethylamine molar ratio of 100∶ 330∶ 10. The wet tensile strength of fruit-bagging paper was improved by adding cationized melamine-formaldehyde resin. The zeta potential,charge density,and conductivity of the melamine-formaldehyde resin were also studied.展开更多
Composite index is always derived with the weighted aggregation of hierarchical components,which is widely utilized to distill intricate and multidimensional matters in economic and business statistics.However,the com...Composite index is always derived with the weighted aggregation of hierarchical components,which is widely utilized to distill intricate and multidimensional matters in economic and business statistics.However,the composite indices always present inevitable anomalies at different levels oriented from the calculation and expression processes of hierarchical components,thereby impairing the precise depiction of specific economic issues.In this paper,we propose VisCI,a visualization framework for anomaly detection and interactive optimization of composite index.First,LSTM-AE model is performed to detect anomalies from the lower level to the higher level of the composite index.Then,a comprehensive array of visual cues is designed to visualize anomalies,such as hierarchy and anomaly visualization.In addition,an interactive operation is provided to ensure accurate and efficient index optimization,mitigating the adverse impact of anomalies on index calculation and representation.Finally,we implement a visualization framework with interactive interfaces,facilitating both anomaly detection and intuitive composite index optimization.Case studies based on real-world datasets and expert interviews are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of our VisCI in commodity index anomaly exploration and anomaly optimization.展开更多
Various graph representation learning models convert graph nodes into vectors using techniques like matrix factorization,random walk,and deep learning.However,choosing the right method for different tasks can be chall...Various graph representation learning models convert graph nodes into vectors using techniques like matrix factorization,random walk,and deep learning.However,choosing the right method for different tasks can be challenging.Communities within networks help reveal underlying structures and correlations.Investigating how different models preserve community properties is crucial for identifying the best graph representation for data analysis.This paper defines indicators to explore the perceptual quality of community properties in representation learning spaces,including the consistency of community structure,node distribution within and between communities,and central node distribution.A visualization system presents these indicators,allowing users to evaluate models based on community structures.Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the indicators for the visual evaluation of graph representation learning models.展开更多
Remifentanil is widely used to control intraoperative pain. However, its analgesic effect is limited by the generation of postoperative hyperalgesia. In this study, we investigated whether the impairment of transmembr...Remifentanil is widely used to control intraoperative pain. However, its analgesic effect is limited by the generation of postoperative hyperalgesia. In this study, we investigated whether the impairment of transmembrane protein 16C(TMEM16C)/Slack is required for a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic receptor(AMPAR) activation in remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia. Remifentanil anesthesia reduced the paw withdrawal threshold from 2 h to 48 h postoperatively,with a decrease in the expression of TMEM16C and Slack in the dorsal root ganglia(DRG) and spinal cord.Knockdown of TMEM16C in the DRG reduced the expression of Slack and elevated the basal peripheral sensitivity and AMPAR expression and function. Overexpression of TMEM16C in the DRG impaired remifentanilinduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and behavioral hyperalgesia. AMPAR-mediated current and neuronal excitability were downregulated by TMEM16C overexpression in the spinal cord. Taken together, these findings suggest that TMEM16C/Slack regulation of excitatory synaptic plasticity via GluA1-containing AMPARs is critical in the pathogenesis of remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia in rats.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFE0118100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1902218 and 22075150)。
文摘Kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe)thin-film solar cells are considered promising candidates for sustainable photovoltaic applications due to their high theoretical efficiency and the abundance of low-toxicity elements.However,their performance is hindered by CuZn antisite defects and associated defect clusters,which contribute to harmful band tailing and non-radiative recombination.Substituting Zn with Cd,which has a larger ionic radius,has been shown to effectively suppress non-radiative recombination,achieving efficiencies of up to 11.73%.However,the effect of Cd alloying on absorber morphology,electronic properties,and device performance has not yet been fully explored.In this work,using the Cu^(+)-Sn^(4+)-dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)solution as a platform,we have successfully incorporated Cd^(2+)into the lattice of CZTSSe across the full concentration range,enabling a systematic investigation of the Cd alloying effect.The results show that Cd alloying promotes grain growth,resulting in a flat and compact film at low concentration,but excessive grain growth at high concentration.Furthermore,low Cd content inhibits lattice disorder,thereby reducing band tailing.Incorporation of Cd is found to linearly reduce the band gap by raising the valence band maximum and lowering the conduction band minimum,which increases the conduction band offset(CBO)at the heterojunction,but the CBO remains a relatively ideal value(<0.3 eV)at low Cd content(<50%).Notably,the 5%Cd alloyed CZTSSe solar cell achieved 13.31%efficiency without an anti-reflective coating,owing to the improved film properties,ideal CBO(<0.24 eV),and suppressed interface recombination.This represents an over 7.0%improvement compared to the intrinsic device performance without Cd alloying.However,high-concentration Cd alloying can damage the absorber,leading to void formation within the grains and the crystal structure transition from kesterite to stannite at 50%Cd,resulting in significant device performance degradation.
文摘Microwave absorption in radar stealth technology is faced with challenges in terms of its effectiveness in low-frequency regions.Herein,we report a new laser-based method for producing an ultrawideband metamaterial-based microwave absorber with a highly uniform sheet resistance and negative magnetic permeability at resonant frequencies,which results in a wide bandwidth in the L-to S-band.Control of the electrical sheet resistance uniformity has been achieved with less than 5%deviation at 400Ωsq^(-1)and 6%deviation at 120Ωsq^(-1),resulting in a microwave absorption coefficient between 97.2%and 97.7%within a1.56–18.3 GHz bandwidth for incident angles of 0°–40°,and there is no need for providing energy or an electrical power source during the operation.Porous N-and S-doped turbostratic graphene 2D patterns with embedded magnetic nanoparticles were produced simultaneously on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate via laser direct writing.The proposed low-frequency,wideband,wide-incident-angle,and high-electromagnetic-absorption microwave absorber can potentially be used in aviation,electromagnetic interference(EMI)suppression,and 5G applications.
基金supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(Grant No.2021JZ-35)the Clinical Research Program of Air Force Medical University(Grant No.2021LC2212)。
文摘Cancer of unknown primary(CUP)is a highly heterogeneous tumor type that is confirmed to be metastatic through pathological examination;however,its primary lesion cannot be determined on the basis of detailed clinical information and diagnostic methods.The current guidelines have not changed the basic definition of CUP.Some studies have reported a decline in the incidence of CUP,to approximately 2%1,with the development of diagnostic techniques such as radiology,histopathology,and genetic testing.
文摘In this work, melamine-formaldehyde resin was cationized by adding modifiers so that the fibers closely bonded to improve their usability and the wet strength of paper was greatly improved. Triethanolamine and dimethylamine were added to modify the melamine-formaldehyde resin,respectively.The mechanism of the cationized resin was explored and the possible chemical reactions were deduced. It was concluded that,with the use of triethanolamine,the most optimum product was obtained by hydroxymethylation for 30 min with a temperature of 85℃ and p H of 9. 0 where n( melamine) ∶ n( formaldehyde) ∶ n( methanol) ∶ n( triethanolamine) was 100 ∶ 330 ∶ 450 ∶ 15. With the combined use of dimethylamine and methanol,the optimal product was acquired by condensation for 30 min at a temperature of 50℃ and p H of 2. 0 at melamine, formaldehyde, methanol, and dimethylamine molar ratio of100∶ 330∶ 350∶ 20. With the only use of dimethylamine,the optimal product was obtained by condensation at melamine,formaldehyde,dimethylamine molar ratio of 100∶ 330∶ 10. The wet tensile strength of fruit-bagging paper was improved by adding cationized melamine-formaldehyde resin. The zeta potential,charge density,and conductivity of the melamine-formaldehyde resin were also studied.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62277013,No.62177040)National Statistical Science Research Project(No.2022LY099)+1 种基金Public Welfare Plan Research Project of Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Department(No.TGG23H260008)Zhejiang Statistical Science Research Project.
文摘Composite index is always derived with the weighted aggregation of hierarchical components,which is widely utilized to distill intricate and multidimensional matters in economic and business statistics.However,the composite indices always present inevitable anomalies at different levels oriented from the calculation and expression processes of hierarchical components,thereby impairing the precise depiction of specific economic issues.In this paper,we propose VisCI,a visualization framework for anomaly detection and interactive optimization of composite index.First,LSTM-AE model is performed to detect anomalies from the lower level to the higher level of the composite index.Then,a comprehensive array of visual cues is designed to visualize anomalies,such as hierarchy and anomaly visualization.In addition,an interactive operation is provided to ensure accurate and efficient index optimization,mitigating the adverse impact of anomalies on index calculation and representation.Finally,we implement a visualization framework with interactive interfaces,facilitating both anomaly detection and intuitive composite index optimization.Case studies based on real-world datasets and expert interviews are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of our VisCI in commodity index anomaly exploration and anomaly optimization.
文摘Various graph representation learning models convert graph nodes into vectors using techniques like matrix factorization,random walk,and deep learning.However,choosing the right method for different tasks can be challenging.Communities within networks help reveal underlying structures and correlations.Investigating how different models preserve community properties is crucial for identifying the best graph representation for data analysis.This paper defines indicators to explore the perceptual quality of community properties in representation learning spaces,including the consistency of community structure,node distribution within and between communities,and central node distribution.A visualization system presents these indicators,allowing users to evaluate models based on community structures.Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the indicators for the visual evaluation of graph representation learning models.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82071243, 81801107, 81772043, and 81400908)Tianjin Natural Science Foundation (20JCYBJC00460)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by Tianjin Municipality, China (TJSQNTJ-2020-10)。
文摘Remifentanil is widely used to control intraoperative pain. However, its analgesic effect is limited by the generation of postoperative hyperalgesia. In this study, we investigated whether the impairment of transmembrane protein 16C(TMEM16C)/Slack is required for a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic receptor(AMPAR) activation in remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia. Remifentanil anesthesia reduced the paw withdrawal threshold from 2 h to 48 h postoperatively,with a decrease in the expression of TMEM16C and Slack in the dorsal root ganglia(DRG) and spinal cord.Knockdown of TMEM16C in the DRG reduced the expression of Slack and elevated the basal peripheral sensitivity and AMPAR expression and function. Overexpression of TMEM16C in the DRG impaired remifentanilinduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and behavioral hyperalgesia. AMPAR-mediated current and neuronal excitability were downregulated by TMEM16C overexpression in the spinal cord. Taken together, these findings suggest that TMEM16C/Slack regulation of excitatory synaptic plasticity via GluA1-containing AMPARs is critical in the pathogenesis of remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia in rats.
