MgH_(2),albeit with slow desorption kinetics,has been extensively studied as one of the most ideal solid hydrogen storage materials.Adding such catalyst as Ni can improve the desorption kinetics of MgH_(2),whereas the...MgH_(2),albeit with slow desorption kinetics,has been extensively studied as one of the most ideal solid hydrogen storage materials.Adding such catalyst as Ni can improve the desorption kinetics of MgH_(2),whereas the catalytic role has been attributed to different substances such as Ni,Mg_(2)Ni,Mg_(2)NiH0.3,and Mg_(2)NiH4.In the present study,Ni nanoparticles(Ni-NPs)supported on mesoporous carbon(Ni@C)have been synthesized to improve the hydrogen desorption kinetics of MgH_(2).The utilization of Ni@C largely decreases the dehydrogenation activation energy from 176.9 to 79.3 kJ mol^(−1) and the peak temperature of dehydrogenation from 375.5 to 235℃.The mechanism of Ni catalyst is well examined by advanced aberration-corrected environmental transmission electron microscopy and/or x-ray diffraction.During the first dehydrogenation,detailed microstructural studies reveal that the decomposition of MgH_(2)is initially triggered by the Ni-NPs,which is the rate-limiting step.Subsequently,the generated Mg reacts rapidly with Ni-NPs to form Mg_(2)Ni,which further promotes the dehydrogenation of residual MgH_(2).In the following dehydrogenation cycle,Mg_(2)NiH4 can rapidly decompose into Mg_(2)Ni,which continuously promotes the decomposition of MgH_(2).Our study not only elucidates the mechanism of Ni catalyst but also helps design and assemble catalysts with improved dehydriding kinetics of MgH_(2).展开更多
Compound light is required for plant growth and development,but the response mechanisms of plants are undercharacterized and not fully understood.The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of supplemental...Compound light is required for plant growth and development,but the response mechanisms of plants are undercharacterized and not fully understood.The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of supplemental light(green light,G;white light,W;yellow light,Y)added to red–blue light(RB)and sole W on the growth and photosynthesis of rapeseed seedlings.The results revealed that supplemental G/W improved the growth and photosynthesis of seedlings,but supplemental Y significantly reduced the photosynthetic rate and palisade tissue layer.Sole W caused similar responses in terms of growth,leaf development,oxidative damage,and antioxidant capability as supplemental Y.In total,449,367,813,and 751 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified under supplemental G,Y,and W and sole W,respectively,compared to RB.The DEGs under different lights were closely associated with pathways such as light stimulus and high-light response,root growth,leaf development,photosynthesis,photosynthesis-antenna proteins,carbohydrate synthesis and degradation,secondary metabolism,plant hormones,and antioxidant capacity,which contributed to the distinct growth and photosynthesis under different treatments.Our results suggest that Y is more likely substituted by other wavelengths to achieve certain effects similar to those of supplemental Y,while G has a more distinctive effect on rapeseed.Taken together,supplementation RB with G/W promotes the growth of rapeseed seedlings in a controlled environment.展开更多
The recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor thrives in high-salinity environments because salt glands on the above-ground parts of the plant help to expel excess salt.Here,we characterize a nucleus-localized C3HC4(RING-HC)-...The recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor thrives in high-salinity environments because salt glands on the above-ground parts of the plant help to expel excess salt.Here,we characterize a nucleus-localized C3HC4(RING-HC)-type zinc finger protein of L.bicolor named RING ZINC FINGER PROTEIN 1(LbRZF1).LbRZF1 was expressed in salt glands and in response to NaCl treatment.LbRZF1 showed no E3 ubiquitin ligase activity.The phenotypes of overexpression and knockout lines for LbRZF1 indicated that LbRZF1 positively regulated salt gland development and salt tolerance in L.bicolor.lbrzf1 mutants had fewer salt glands and secreted less salt than did the wild-type,whereas LbRZF1-overexpressing lines had opposite phenotypes,in keeping with the overall salt tolerance of these plants.A yeast two-hybrid screen revealed that LbRZF1 interacted with LbCATALASE2(LbCAT2)and the transcription factor LbMYB113,leading to their stabilization.Silencing of LbCAT2 or LbMYB113 decreased salt gland density and salt tolerance.The heterologous expression of LbRZF1 in Arabidopsis thaliana conferred salt tolerance to this non-halophyte.We also identified the transcription factor LbMYB48 as an upstream regulator of LbRZF1 transcription.The study of LbRZF1 in the regulation network of salt gland development also provides a good foundation for transforming crops and improving their salt resistance.展开更多
Lithium-oxygen(Li-O_(2))batteries have been considered as an ideal solution to solving the global energy crisis.Silver(Ag)and Agbased catalyst have been extensively studied due to their high catalytic activities in Li...Lithium-oxygen(Li-O_(2))batteries have been considered as an ideal solution to solving the global energy crisis.Silver(Ag)and Agbased catalyst have been extensively studied due to their high catalytic activities in Li-O_(2)batteries.However,it remains a challenge to track the catalytic mechanism during the charge/discharge process.Here,a nanoscale processing method was used to assemble a Li-O_(2)nanobattery in an aberration-corrected environmental transmission electron microscope(ETEM),where a single Ag nanowire(NW)was used as catalyst for O_(2)electrode.A visualization of the lithium ion insertion process during the electrochemical reactions was achieved in this nanobattery.Numerous Ag nanoparticles(NPs)were observed on the surface of the Ag NW,which were covered by the discharge product Li2O_(2).By simultaneously studying the evolution of the interface and the phase transformation,it can be concluded that these Ag NPs wrapped around Ag NW acted as catalyst during the subsequent charge/discharge reaction.Based on these studies,Ag NPs decorated on porous carbon were synthesized,it can simultaneously improve the cycling stability(100 cycles)and the maximum specific capacity(17,371 mAh·g^(−1)at a current density of 100 mA·g^(−1))in a coin cell Li-O_(2)battery.This study suggests that nanoscale Ag may be a promising catalyst for Li-O_(2)battery.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22279111,51971195,and 11935004)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.B2020203037)Subsidy for Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry after Operation Performance(No.22567616H).
文摘MgH_(2),albeit with slow desorption kinetics,has been extensively studied as one of the most ideal solid hydrogen storage materials.Adding such catalyst as Ni can improve the desorption kinetics of MgH_(2),whereas the catalytic role has been attributed to different substances such as Ni,Mg_(2)Ni,Mg_(2)NiH0.3,and Mg_(2)NiH4.In the present study,Ni nanoparticles(Ni-NPs)supported on mesoporous carbon(Ni@C)have been synthesized to improve the hydrogen desorption kinetics of MgH_(2).The utilization of Ni@C largely decreases the dehydrogenation activation energy from 176.9 to 79.3 kJ mol^(−1) and the peak temperature of dehydrogenation from 375.5 to 235℃.The mechanism of Ni catalyst is well examined by advanced aberration-corrected environmental transmission electron microscopy and/or x-ray diffraction.During the first dehydrogenation,detailed microstructural studies reveal that the decomposition of MgH_(2)is initially triggered by the Ni-NPs,which is the rate-limiting step.Subsequently,the generated Mg reacts rapidly with Ni-NPs to form Mg_(2)Ni,which further promotes the dehydrogenation of residual MgH_(2).In the following dehydrogenation cycle,Mg_(2)NiH4 can rapidly decompose into Mg_(2)Ni,which continuously promotes the decomposition of MgH_(2).Our study not only elucidates the mechanism of Ni catalyst but also helps design and assemble catalysts with improved dehydriding kinetics of MgH_(2).
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China[grant number 2017YFB0403903]the National 863 High Technology Program of China[grant number 2013AA103003]the Student Research Training Project of Nanjing Agricultural University[grant number 1003A13].
文摘Compound light is required for plant growth and development,but the response mechanisms of plants are undercharacterized and not fully understood.The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of supplemental light(green light,G;white light,W;yellow light,Y)added to red–blue light(RB)and sole W on the growth and photosynthesis of rapeseed seedlings.The results revealed that supplemental G/W improved the growth and photosynthesis of seedlings,but supplemental Y significantly reduced the photosynthetic rate and palisade tissue layer.Sole W caused similar responses in terms of growth,leaf development,oxidative damage,and antioxidant capability as supplemental Y.In total,449,367,813,and 751 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified under supplemental G,Y,and W and sole W,respectively,compared to RB.The DEGs under different lights were closely associated with pathways such as light stimulus and high-light response,root growth,leaf development,photosynthesis,photosynthesis-antenna proteins,carbohydrate synthesis and degradation,secondary metabolism,plant hormones,and antioxidant capacity,which contributed to the distinct growth and photosynthesis under different treatments.Our results suggest that Y is more likely substituted by other wavelengths to achieve certain effects similar to those of supplemental Y,while G has a more distinctive effect on rapeseed.Taken together,supplementation RB with G/W promotes the growth of rapeseed seedlings in a controlled environment.
基金supported by Natural Science Research Foundation of Shandong Province(project no.ZR2023YQ021 and ZR2020QC031)National Natural Science Research Foundation of China(project nos.32000209 and 32170301)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(project no.2020M672114)。
文摘The recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor thrives in high-salinity environments because salt glands on the above-ground parts of the plant help to expel excess salt.Here,we characterize a nucleus-localized C3HC4(RING-HC)-type zinc finger protein of L.bicolor named RING ZINC FINGER PROTEIN 1(LbRZF1).LbRZF1 was expressed in salt glands and in response to NaCl treatment.LbRZF1 showed no E3 ubiquitin ligase activity.The phenotypes of overexpression and knockout lines for LbRZF1 indicated that LbRZF1 positively regulated salt gland development and salt tolerance in L.bicolor.lbrzf1 mutants had fewer salt glands and secreted less salt than did the wild-type,whereas LbRZF1-overexpressing lines had opposite phenotypes,in keeping with the overall salt tolerance of these plants.A yeast two-hybrid screen revealed that LbRZF1 interacted with LbCATALASE2(LbCAT2)and the transcription factor LbMYB113,leading to their stabilization.Silencing of LbCAT2 or LbMYB113 decreased salt gland density and salt tolerance.The heterologous expression of LbRZF1 in Arabidopsis thaliana conferred salt tolerance to this non-halophyte.We also identified the transcription factor LbMYB48 as an upstream regulator of LbRZF1 transcription.The study of LbRZF1 in the regulation network of salt gland development also provides a good foundation for transforming crops and improving their salt resistance.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22279111)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M702756)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.B2020203037).
文摘Lithium-oxygen(Li-O_(2))batteries have been considered as an ideal solution to solving the global energy crisis.Silver(Ag)and Agbased catalyst have been extensively studied due to their high catalytic activities in Li-O_(2)batteries.However,it remains a challenge to track the catalytic mechanism during the charge/discharge process.Here,a nanoscale processing method was used to assemble a Li-O_(2)nanobattery in an aberration-corrected environmental transmission electron microscope(ETEM),where a single Ag nanowire(NW)was used as catalyst for O_(2)electrode.A visualization of the lithium ion insertion process during the electrochemical reactions was achieved in this nanobattery.Numerous Ag nanoparticles(NPs)were observed on the surface of the Ag NW,which were covered by the discharge product Li2O_(2).By simultaneously studying the evolution of the interface and the phase transformation,it can be concluded that these Ag NPs wrapped around Ag NW acted as catalyst during the subsequent charge/discharge reaction.Based on these studies,Ag NPs decorated on porous carbon were synthesized,it can simultaneously improve the cycling stability(100 cycles)and the maximum specific capacity(17,371 mAh·g^(−1)at a current density of 100 mA·g^(−1))in a coin cell Li-O_(2)battery.This study suggests that nanoscale Ag may be a promising catalyst for Li-O_(2)battery.
