Background:Accurate mapping of forest canopy heights at a fine spatial resolution over large geographical areas is challenging.It is essential for the estimation of forest aboveground biomass and the evaluation of for...Background:Accurate mapping of forest canopy heights at a fine spatial resolution over large geographical areas is challenging.It is essential for the estimation of forest aboveground biomass and the evaluation of forest ecosystems.Yet current regional to national scale forest height maps were mainly produced at coarse-scale.Such maps lack spatial details for decision-making at local scales.Recent advances in remote sensing provide great opportunities to fill this gap.Method:In this study,we evaluated the utility of multi-source satellite data for mapping forest heights over Hunan Province in China.A total of 523 plot data collected from 2017 to 2018 were utilized for calibration and validation of forest height models.Specifically,the relationships between three types of in-situ measured tree heights(maximum-,averaged-,and basal area-weighted-tree heights)and plot-level remote sensing metrics(multispectral,radar,and topo variables from Landsat,Sentinel-1/PALSAR-2,and SRTM)were analyzed.Three types of models(multilinear regression,random forest,and support vector regression)were evaluated.Feature variables were selected by two types of variable selection approaches(stepwise regression and random forest).Model parameters and model performances for different models were tuned and evaluated via a 10-fold cross-validation approach.Then,tuned models were applied to generate wall-to-wall forest height maps for Hunan Province.Results:The best estimation of plot-level tree heights(R2 ranged from 0.47 to 0.52,RMSE ranged from 3.8 to 5.3 m,and rRMSE ranged from 28%to 31%)was achieved using the random forest model.A comparison with existing forest height maps showed similar estimates of mean height,however,the ranges varied under different definitions of forest and types of tree height.Conclusions:Primary results indicate that there are small biases in estimated heights at the province scale.This study provides a framework toward establishing regional to national scale maps of vertical forest structure.展开更多
Molybdenum nickel alloy has been proved to be an efficient noble-metal-free catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) in alkaline medium, but its electrocatalytic activity and stability need to be further improved...Molybdenum nickel alloy has been proved to be an efficient noble-metal-free catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) in alkaline medium, but its electrocatalytic activity and stability need to be further improved to meet industrial requirements. In this study, carboxymethylated enzymatic hydrolysis lignin(EHL) was used as a biomacromolecule frame to coordinate with transition metal ions and reduced by pyrolysis to obtain the MoNi_(4)-NiO heterojunction(MoNi_(4)-NiO/C). The oblate sphere structure of MoNi_(4)-NiO/C exposed a large catalytic active surface to the electrolyte. As a result, the hydrogen evolution reaction of MoNi_(4)-NiO/C displayed a low overpotentials of 41 mV to achieve 10 mA cm-2and excellent stability of 100 h at 100 mA cm^(-2)in 1 mol L^(-1)KOH, which was superior to that of commercial Pt/C. Lignin assisted the formation of NiO to construct the MoNi_(4)-NiO interface and MoNi_(4)-NiO heterojunction structure, which reduced the energy barrier by forming a more favorable transition states and then promoted the formation of adsorbed hydrogen at the heterojunction interface through water dissociation in alkaline media, leading to the rapid reaction kinetics. This work provided an effective strategy for improving the electrocatalytic performance of noble-metal-free electrocatalysts encapsulated by lignin-derived carbon.展开更多
Exploring low-cost and effective approaches to extend the potentials of aqueous electrolytes is highly desired.Herein,it is found that the activity of H_(2)O in aqueous electrolytes could be intensively manipulated by...Exploring low-cost and effective approaches to extend the potentials of aqueous electrolytes is highly desired.Herein,it is found that the activity of H_(2)O in aqueous electrolytes could be intensively manipulated by introducing small urea and long-chain polyethylene glycol(PEG)molecules into Li TFSI-H_(2)O electrolyte systems without super salt concentration.The urea and PEG molecules could exclude partial coordinated H_(2)O out of the inner solvation shell of Li_(4) and reconstruct hydrogen-bonding network between H_(2)O and PEG molecules outside the solvation sheaths with restricted H_(2)O activity and extended electrochemical window.The bonding competitions in aqueous electrolytes and their correlation to the electrochemical performance of full cells are studied.When the occurrence probability of H_(2)O around Li_(4)is lower than 40%,stable cycling of 3.1 V LiMn_(2)O_(4)-Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12) full cell is achieved,showing 73%capacity retention after 200 cycles at 1 C rate in optimal electrolytes.This work provides new avenues to understand the role of H_(2)O and explore low-cost and effective approaches for the development of nextgeneration aqueous lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
Given the deleterious health effects associated with indoor air pollution (IAP), this study was conducted to evaluate an IAP intervention in rural areas in Gansu, one of the poorest provinces of China. We selected 371...Given the deleterious health effects associated with indoor air pollution (IAP), this study was conducted to evaluate an IAP intervention in rural areas in Gansu, one of the poorest provinces of China. We selected 371 rural households to take part in intervention measures including stove improvement and health education. Eight of 371 households were selected to conduct IAP sampling. Four hundred and thirteen women in these households completed a questionnaire and 49 women took part in lung function tests. After the intervention, PM4 levels reduced from 455 μg/m3 to 200 μg/m3 and CO reduced from 3.40 ppm to 2.90 ppm in indoor air. The percentage of predicted value of FEV1 and FVC improved to some degree after the intervention, but all the parameters of lung function assessment did not show a significant change. Prevalence rates of several symptoms associated with IAP significantly declined in the study population, compared with baseline levels. Intervention measures combining stove improvement with health education were effective in reducing IAP levels. Women’s health status, including eye and respiratory symptoms, also showed improvement. However, the effect on lung function was not apparent and warranted additional follow-up. Similarly, evaluation of the long term effects of the IAP intervention will require future studies.展开更多
The theory of yin and yang in Chinese medicine signifies everything and can be used to divide everything in the world.The diagnosis and assessment of ankylosing spondylitis in Western medicine can also be divided by y...The theory of yin and yang in Chinese medicine signifies everything and can be used to divide everything in the world.The diagnosis and assessment of ankylosing spondylitis in Western medicine can also be divided by yin and yang.The current technologies used in Western medicine for detecting ankylosing spondylitis is summarized,divided,and reasoned with the philosophical views of yin and yang in traditional Chinese medicine.展开更多
The emergence of drug resistance to virus(i.e.,acyclovir(ACV)to herpesviruses)has been termed one of the common clinical issues,emphasizing the discovery of new antiviral agents.To address it,a genome-wide clustered r...The emergence of drug resistance to virus(i.e.,acyclovir(ACV)to herpesviruses)has been termed one of the common clinical issues,emphasizing the discovery of new antiviral agents.To address it,a genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)screening was performed in mouse haploid embryonic stem cells infected with pseudorabies virus(PRV),anα-herpesvirus causing human and pig diseases.The results demonstrated that type 2 voltage-gated chloride channels(CLC-2)encoded by one of the identified genes,CLCN2,is a potential drug target for anti-herpesvirus therapy.CLC-2 inhibitors,omeprazole(OME)and 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid(DIDS),can efficiently inhibit infection of multiple herpesviruses in cellulo(i.e.,PRV,HSV and EBV),and effectively treat murine herpes simplex encephalitis(HSE).Additionally,DIDS was found to inhibit HSV-1 replication by blocking the PI3K/Akt pathway.Most importantly,both DIDS and OME were able to inhibit ACV-resistant HSV-1 strain infection.The study's findings suggest that targeting host-cell factors such as CLC-2 may be a promising approach to tackling herpesvirus drug resistance.The discovery of CLC-2 as a potential drug target for anti-herpesvirus therapy provides a new direction for the development of novel antiviral agents.展开更多
The angle/range-based integrated navigation system is a favorable navigation solution for deep space explorers.However,the statistical characteristics of the measurement noise are time-varying,leading to inaccuracies ...The angle/range-based integrated navigation system is a favorable navigation solution for deep space explorers.However,the statistical characteristics of the measurement noise are time-varying,leading to inaccuracies in the derived measurement covariance even causing filter divergence.To reduce the gap between theoretical and actual covariances,some adaptive methods use empirically determined and unchanged forgetting factors to scale innovations within the sliding window.However,the constant weighting sequence cannot accurately adapt to the time-varying measurement noise in dynamic processes.Therefore,this paper proposes an Adaptive Robust Unscented Kalman Filter with Time-varying forgetting factors(TFF-ARUKF)for the angle/range integrated navigation system.Firstly,based on a statistically linear regression model approximating the nonlinear measurement model,the M-estimator is adopted to suppress the interference of outliers.Secondly,the covariance matching method is combined with the Huber linear regression problem to adaptively adjust the measurement noise covariance used in the M-estimation.Thirdly,to capture the time-varying characteristics of the measurement noise in each estimation,a new timevarying forgetting factors selection strategy is designed to dynamically adjust the adaptive matrix used in the covariance matching method.Simulations and experimental analysis compared with EKF,AMUKF,ARUKF,and Student's t-based methods have validated the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
Materials capable of dynamic persistent luminescence(PersL)within the visible spectrum are highly sought after for applications in display,biosensing,and information security.However,PersL materials with eye-detectabl...Materials capable of dynamic persistent luminescence(PersL)within the visible spectrum are highly sought after for applications in display,biosensing,and information security.However,PersL materials with eye-detectable and excitation-wavelength-dependent characteristics are rarely achieved.Herein,a nonstoichiometric compound CaGa_(x)O_(4):Bi(x<2)is present,which demonstrates ultra-long,color-tunable PersL.The persistent emission wavelength can be tuned by varying the excitation wavelength,enabling dynamic color modulation from the green to the orange region within the visible spectrum.Theoretical calculations,in conjunction with experimental observations,are utilized to elucidate the thermodynamic charge transitions of various defect states,thereby providing insights into the relationship between Bi^(3+)emitters,traps,and multicolored PersL.Furthermore,the utility of color-tunable PersL materials and flexible devices is showcased for use in visual sensing of invisible ultraviolet light,multicolor display,information encryption,and anti-counterfeiting.These discoveries create new opportunities to develop smart photoelectric materials with dynamically controlled PersL for various applications.展开更多
Textured BaTiO_(3)(BT)-based lead-free ceramics have gained significant attention due to their high piezoelectric coefficient(d)and very large field induced strain(S).However,costly nano-size raw materials,excessively...Textured BaTiO_(3)(BT)-based lead-free ceramics have gained significant attention due to their high piezoelectric coefficient(d)and very large field induced strain(S).However,costly nano-size raw materials,excessively high sintering temperature and low Curie temperature(T_(c))hinder their device applications.In this work,highly[001]_(c)-oriented(Ba_(0.95)Ca_(0.05))(Zr_(0.04)Ti_(0.96))O_(3) ceramics with x mol%CuO(x=0.25,0.5,1.0,2.5)denoted as BCZT-x were synthesized by templated grain growth using micro-sized raw powders.The introduction of CuO sintering agent lowered the sintering temperature by 125℃ to 1450℃,and the BCZT-1.0 achieved a high texture degree of∼99%.In addition,the CuO-based liquid phases eliminated boundaries between BT templates and BCZT matrix powders.Such liquid-phase sintering reduced sintering stresses,decreased the average grain size of BCZT-1.0 from 16μm down to 13μm,and increased the dielectric dispersion coefficientγto 1.63.The almost smoothed out T_(O-T) anomaly in the temperature dependence of dielectric permittivity and comparably high T_(c)(>102℃)lead to better temperature stability.The narrower grain orientation distribution with full width at half maximum(FWHM)of∼5.9°and smaller domains with the size of 0.1–0.5μm in width and 3–8μm in length were obtained,a high field induced maximum strain S_(max) of 0.38%and low H_(s) of 5.2%have been achieved in BCZT-1.0 textured ceramics together with a high and homogeneous piezoelectric stress coefficient d_(33)∼780 pC/N and very large d_(33)∗∼2950 pm/V.展开更多
Background:The heavy metals cadmium(Cd)and mercury(Hg)are known to be widespread environmental contaminants and high occupational exposure adversely affects the risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD).However,evidence fro...Background:The heavy metals cadmium(Cd)and mercury(Hg)are known to be widespread environmental contaminants and high occupational exposure adversely affects the risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD).However,evidence from epidemiological studies linking low Cd and Hg exposure(or non-industrial)to the risk of progression to CKD are conflicting.This study aimed to explore the association of low Cd and Hg exposure with the risk of CKD in Chinese adults aged≥80 years.Methods:The participants were recruited for the Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study in 2017,an ongoing perspective survey conducted in longevity areas in China initially involving 3016 older adults.We used logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios(ORs)with 95%confidence intervals of CKD setting Cd and Hg as categorical variables.Logistic regression with restricted cubic spline was used to characterize a dose-response relationships between Cd or Hg concentrations and the risk of CKD in the study population.Results:The ORs for the risk of CKD comparing the fourth to the first quartile of blood Cd,blood Hg,urine Cd,and urine Hg were 1.77,1.57,2.03,and 1.50,respectively.Restricted cubic spline models showed that blood Cd and urine Hg were significantly linearly correlated with the risk of CKD,while blood Hg and urine Cd were non-linearly correlated with the risk of CKD with a steeper slope at concentrations<2.30μg/L and 3.30μg/g creatinine.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that even low Cd and Hg exposure(or non-industrial)were associated with increased risk of CKD in Chinese oldest old,although we did not find a significant multiplicative and additive interaction between Cd and Hg levels in relation to the risk of CKD.展开更多
Large Hollow nanoparticulate aggregates（LHNAs） based on albumin nanoparticles is a promising technology for developing dry powder inhaler（DPI） with good aerodynamic properties in order to provide a new drug delive...Large Hollow nanoparticulate aggregates（LHNAs） based on albumin nanoparticles is a promising technology for developing dry powder inhaler（DPI） with good aerodynamic properties in order to provide a new drug delivery system（DDS） for the treatment of lung disease. Improved understanding of molecular interactions could lead to prepare the DDS rationally. Therefore, this investigation utilized computations and experiments to reveal the mechanisms of budesonide（BUD） interactions with bovine serum albumin（BSA） at the molecular level. The molecular dynamics（MD） simulation revealed that there were three critical stable binding sites of BUD on BSA（P1, P2, P3） mainly by hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bond. The energy decomposition of each residue to the whole BUD-BSA complex system in P1-P3 showed that nonpolar residues in or around the binding site played an important role in the binding of BUD to BSA. The molar ratio was close to 3 in preparations in drug-loading efficiency experiment, which was confirmed to the simulation results. The details of the binding sites from computation provided a guideline for the design of the BSA nanoparticles carrying BUD, which was prepared successfully at last. Combination of the MD simulation and experiment as well as the mechanism of the molecular interaction provided a solid theoretical basis for the preparation of BSA-LHNAs for DPI in the future.展开更多
Though it is well recognized that the space between graphene cover and the metal substrate canact as a two-dimensional(2D)nanoreactor,several issues are still unresolved,including the role of the metal substrate,the m...Though it is well recognized that the space between graphene cover and the metal substrate canact as a two-dimensional(2D)nanoreactor,several issues are still unresolved,including the role of the metal substrate,the mechanisms ruling water intercalation and the identification ofsites at which water is decomposed.Here,we solve these issues by means of density functional theory and high-resolution electron energyloss spectroscopy experiments carried out on graphene grown on(111)-oriented Cu foils.Specifically,we observe decomposition of H2O atroom temperature with only H atoms forming bonds with graphene and with buried OH groups underneath the graphene cover.Ourtheoretical model discloses physicochemical mechanisms ruling the migration and decomposition of water on graphene/Cu.We discover thatthe edge of graphene can be easily saturated by H through decomposition of H2O,which allows H2O to migrate in the subsurface region from thedecoupled edge,where H2O decomposes at room temperature.Hydrogen atoms produced by the decomposition of H2O initially form a chemicalbond with graphene for the lower energy barrier compared with other routes.These findings are essential to exploit graphene/Cu interfaces incatalysis and in energy-related applications.展开更多
Lead zirconate titanate(PZT)ceramics possess great potential for practical applications and thus improving their piezoelectric properties is crucial.Pb0.99−xSm0.01BaxZr0.53Ti0.47O3(PSBZT)ceramics with high Curie tempe...Lead zirconate titanate(PZT)ceramics possess great potential for practical applications and thus improving their piezoelectric properties is crucial.Pb0.99−xSm0.01BaxZr0.53Ti0.47O3(PSBZT)ceramics with high Curie temperature and excellent piezoelectric properties were fabricated via a conventional solid-state method,and the effect of Ba2+doping on the structural,dielectric,piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties was studied in detail.It is shown that doping of Ba2+significantly enhanced the piezoelectric properties of PSZT,the maximum d33~533 pC/N and Tc~361°C at x=0.02 were acquired.Furthermore,PSZT and PSBZT ceramics were used to prepare single element ultrasonic transducers,and their performance were compared and evaluated.The results demonstrate that the PSBZT ceramic-based transducer possesses better sensitivity and bandwidth than the PSZT ceramic-based transducer.展开更多
基金This work was funded by the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science(OFSLRSS201904)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41901351)+1 种基金Start-up Program of Wuhan University(2019-2021)Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province(2021AAC03017).
文摘Background:Accurate mapping of forest canopy heights at a fine spatial resolution over large geographical areas is challenging.It is essential for the estimation of forest aboveground biomass and the evaluation of forest ecosystems.Yet current regional to national scale forest height maps were mainly produced at coarse-scale.Such maps lack spatial details for decision-making at local scales.Recent advances in remote sensing provide great opportunities to fill this gap.Method:In this study,we evaluated the utility of multi-source satellite data for mapping forest heights over Hunan Province in China.A total of 523 plot data collected from 2017 to 2018 were utilized for calibration and validation of forest height models.Specifically,the relationships between three types of in-situ measured tree heights(maximum-,averaged-,and basal area-weighted-tree heights)and plot-level remote sensing metrics(multispectral,radar,and topo variables from Landsat,Sentinel-1/PALSAR-2,and SRTM)were analyzed.Three types of models(multilinear regression,random forest,and support vector regression)were evaluated.Feature variables were selected by two types of variable selection approaches(stepwise regression and random forest).Model parameters and model performances for different models were tuned and evaluated via a 10-fold cross-validation approach.Then,tuned models were applied to generate wall-to-wall forest height maps for Hunan Province.Results:The best estimation of plot-level tree heights(R2 ranged from 0.47 to 0.52,RMSE ranged from 3.8 to 5.3 m,and rRMSE ranged from 28%to 31%)was achieved using the random forest model.A comparison with existing forest height maps showed similar estimates of mean height,however,the ranges varied under different definitions of forest and types of tree height.Conclusions:Primary results indicate that there are small biases in estimated heights at the province scale.This study provides a framework toward establishing regional to national scale maps of vertical forest structure.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22038004, 22078069 and 22178069)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2019B151502038 and 2021A1515012354)+1 种基金Guangdong Provincial Key Research and Development Program (2020B1111380002)the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery (2021GDKLPRB-K05)。
文摘Molybdenum nickel alloy has been proved to be an efficient noble-metal-free catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) in alkaline medium, but its electrocatalytic activity and stability need to be further improved to meet industrial requirements. In this study, carboxymethylated enzymatic hydrolysis lignin(EHL) was used as a biomacromolecule frame to coordinate with transition metal ions and reduced by pyrolysis to obtain the MoNi_(4)-NiO heterojunction(MoNi_(4)-NiO/C). The oblate sphere structure of MoNi_(4)-NiO/C exposed a large catalytic active surface to the electrolyte. As a result, the hydrogen evolution reaction of MoNi_(4)-NiO/C displayed a low overpotentials of 41 mV to achieve 10 mA cm-2and excellent stability of 100 h at 100 mA cm^(-2)in 1 mol L^(-1)KOH, which was superior to that of commercial Pt/C. Lignin assisted the formation of NiO to construct the MoNi_(4)-NiO interface and MoNi_(4)-NiO heterojunction structure, which reduced the energy barrier by forming a more favorable transition states and then promoted the formation of adsorbed hydrogen at the heterojunction interface through water dissociation in alkaline media, leading to the rapid reaction kinetics. This work provided an effective strategy for improving the electrocatalytic performance of noble-metal-free electrocatalysts encapsulated by lignin-derived carbon.
基金supported by the Startup Foundation for Hundred-Talent Program of Zhejiang University。
文摘Exploring low-cost and effective approaches to extend the potentials of aqueous electrolytes is highly desired.Herein,it is found that the activity of H_(2)O in aqueous electrolytes could be intensively manipulated by introducing small urea and long-chain polyethylene glycol(PEG)molecules into Li TFSI-H_(2)O electrolyte systems without super salt concentration.The urea and PEG molecules could exclude partial coordinated H_(2)O out of the inner solvation shell of Li_(4) and reconstruct hydrogen-bonding network between H_(2)O and PEG molecules outside the solvation sheaths with restricted H_(2)O activity and extended electrochemical window.The bonding competitions in aqueous electrolytes and their correlation to the electrochemical performance of full cells are studied.When the occurrence probability of H_(2)O around Li_(4)is lower than 40%,stable cycling of 3.1 V LiMn_(2)O_(4)-Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12) full cell is achieved,showing 73%capacity retention after 200 cycles at 1 C rate in optimal electrolytes.This work provides new avenues to understand the role of H_(2)O and explore low-cost and effective approaches for the development of nextgeneration aqueous lithium-ion batteries.
文摘Given the deleterious health effects associated with indoor air pollution (IAP), this study was conducted to evaluate an IAP intervention in rural areas in Gansu, one of the poorest provinces of China. We selected 371 rural households to take part in intervention measures including stove improvement and health education. Eight of 371 households were selected to conduct IAP sampling. Four hundred and thirteen women in these households completed a questionnaire and 49 women took part in lung function tests. After the intervention, PM4 levels reduced from 455 μg/m3 to 200 μg/m3 and CO reduced from 3.40 ppm to 2.90 ppm in indoor air. The percentage of predicted value of FEV1 and FVC improved to some degree after the intervention, but all the parameters of lung function assessment did not show a significant change. Prevalence rates of several symptoms associated with IAP significantly declined in the study population, compared with baseline levels. Intervention measures combining stove improvement with health education were effective in reducing IAP levels. Women’s health status, including eye and respiratory symptoms, also showed improvement. However, the effect on lung function was not apparent and warranted additional follow-up. Similarly, evaluation of the long term effects of the IAP intervention will require future studies.
基金This research was supported by the Multi-Center Collaborative Research on the Optimization and Promotion of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Plan for Active Ankylosing Spondylitis,Project Number 2020-ZXY-006 Shaanxi Provincial Department of Health,2020 Shaanxi Provincial Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Clinical Collaborative Innovation Project.
文摘The theory of yin and yang in Chinese medicine signifies everything and can be used to divide everything in the world.The diagnosis and assessment of ankylosing spondylitis in Western medicine can also be divided by yin and yang.The current technologies used in Western medicine for detecting ankylosing spondylitis is summarized,divided,and reasoned with the philosophical views of yin and yang in traditional Chinese medicine.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071443)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M731465)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu province(23JRRA1134)。
文摘The emergence of drug resistance to virus(i.e.,acyclovir(ACV)to herpesviruses)has been termed one of the common clinical issues,emphasizing the discovery of new antiviral agents.To address it,a genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)screening was performed in mouse haploid embryonic stem cells infected with pseudorabies virus(PRV),anα-herpesvirus causing human and pig diseases.The results demonstrated that type 2 voltage-gated chloride channels(CLC-2)encoded by one of the identified genes,CLCN2,is a potential drug target for anti-herpesvirus therapy.CLC-2 inhibitors,omeprazole(OME)and 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid(DIDS),can efficiently inhibit infection of multiple herpesviruses in cellulo(i.e.,PRV,HSV and EBV),and effectively treat murine herpes simplex encephalitis(HSE).Additionally,DIDS was found to inhibit HSV-1 replication by blocking the PI3K/Akt pathway.Most importantly,both DIDS and OME were able to inhibit ACV-resistant HSV-1 strain infection.The study's findings suggest that targeting host-cell factors such as CLC-2 may be a promising approach to tackling herpesvirus drug resistance.The discovery of CLC-2 as a potential drug target for anti-herpesvirus therapy provides a new direction for the development of novel antiviral agents.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA0350400)。
文摘The angle/range-based integrated navigation system is a favorable navigation solution for deep space explorers.However,the statistical characteristics of the measurement noise are time-varying,leading to inaccuracies in the derived measurement covariance even causing filter divergence.To reduce the gap between theoretical and actual covariances,some adaptive methods use empirically determined and unchanged forgetting factors to scale innovations within the sliding window.However,the constant weighting sequence cannot accurately adapt to the time-varying measurement noise in dynamic processes.Therefore,this paper proposes an Adaptive Robust Unscented Kalman Filter with Time-varying forgetting factors(TFF-ARUKF)for the angle/range integrated navigation system.Firstly,based on a statistically linear regression model approximating the nonlinear measurement model,the M-estimator is adopted to suppress the interference of outliers.Secondly,the covariance matching method is combined with the Huber linear regression problem to adaptively adjust the measurement noise covariance used in the M-estimation.Thirdly,to capture the time-varying characteristics of the measurement noise in each estimation,a new timevarying forgetting factors selection strategy is designed to dynamically adjust the adaptive matrix used in the covariance matching method.Simulations and experimental analysis compared with EKF,AMUKF,ARUKF,and Student's t-based methods have validated the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB3506600 and 2023YFB3506602)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Yunnan Province(U1902222)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52161135110,52102195)Guangdong Provincial Science&Technology Project(2022A0505050032)Major Science and Technology Research and Development Project of Jiangxi Province(20223AAE01003).
文摘Materials capable of dynamic persistent luminescence(PersL)within the visible spectrum are highly sought after for applications in display,biosensing,and information security.However,PersL materials with eye-detectable and excitation-wavelength-dependent characteristics are rarely achieved.Herein,a nonstoichiometric compound CaGa_(x)O_(4):Bi(x<2)is present,which demonstrates ultra-long,color-tunable PersL.The persistent emission wavelength can be tuned by varying the excitation wavelength,enabling dynamic color modulation from the green to the orange region within the visible spectrum.Theoretical calculations,in conjunction with experimental observations,are utilized to elucidate the thermodynamic charge transitions of various defect states,thereby providing insights into the relationship between Bi^(3+)emitters,traps,and multicolored PersL.Furthermore,the utility of color-tunable PersL materials and flexible devices is showcased for use in visual sensing of invisible ultraviolet light,multicolor display,information encryption,and anti-counterfeiting.These discoveries create new opportunities to develop smart photoelectric materials with dynamically controlled PersL for various applications.
基金This work was supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.BX20490103,2020M681089,LBH-Z19065 and LBHZ13109)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52002093).
文摘Textured BaTiO_(3)(BT)-based lead-free ceramics have gained significant attention due to their high piezoelectric coefficient(d)and very large field induced strain(S).However,costly nano-size raw materials,excessively high sintering temperature and low Curie temperature(T_(c))hinder their device applications.In this work,highly[001]_(c)-oriented(Ba_(0.95)Ca_(0.05))(Zr_(0.04)Ti_(0.96))O_(3) ceramics with x mol%CuO(x=0.25,0.5,1.0,2.5)denoted as BCZT-x were synthesized by templated grain growth using micro-sized raw powders.The introduction of CuO sintering agent lowered the sintering temperature by 125℃ to 1450℃,and the BCZT-1.0 achieved a high texture degree of∼99%.In addition,the CuO-based liquid phases eliminated boundaries between BT templates and BCZT matrix powders.Such liquid-phase sintering reduced sintering stresses,decreased the average grain size of BCZT-1.0 from 16μm down to 13μm,and increased the dielectric dispersion coefficientγto 1.63.The almost smoothed out T_(O-T) anomaly in the temperature dependence of dielectric permittivity and comparably high T_(c)(>102℃)lead to better temperature stability.The narrower grain orientation distribution with full width at half maximum(FWHM)of∼5.9°and smaller domains with the size of 0.1–0.5μm in width and 3–8μm in length were obtained,a high field induced maximum strain S_(max) of 0.38%and low H_(s) of 5.2%have been achieved in BCZT-1.0 textured ceramics together with a high and homogeneous piezoelectric stress coefficient d_(33)∼780 pC/N and very large d_(33)∗∼2950 pm/V.
基金National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.82025030,82003550,81872707,and 81941023)Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No.2021-JKCS-028)
文摘Background:The heavy metals cadmium(Cd)and mercury(Hg)are known to be widespread environmental contaminants and high occupational exposure adversely affects the risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD).However,evidence from epidemiological studies linking low Cd and Hg exposure(or non-industrial)to the risk of progression to CKD are conflicting.This study aimed to explore the association of low Cd and Hg exposure with the risk of CKD in Chinese adults aged≥80 years.Methods:The participants were recruited for the Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study in 2017,an ongoing perspective survey conducted in longevity areas in China initially involving 3016 older adults.We used logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios(ORs)with 95%confidence intervals of CKD setting Cd and Hg as categorical variables.Logistic regression with restricted cubic spline was used to characterize a dose-response relationships between Cd or Hg concentrations and the risk of CKD in the study population.Results:The ORs for the risk of CKD comparing the fourth to the first quartile of blood Cd,blood Hg,urine Cd,and urine Hg were 1.77,1.57,2.03,and 1.50,respectively.Restricted cubic spline models showed that blood Cd and urine Hg were significantly linearly correlated with the risk of CKD,while blood Hg and urine Cd were non-linearly correlated with the risk of CKD with a steeper slope at concentrations<2.30μg/L and 3.30μg/g creatinine.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that even low Cd and Hg exposure(or non-industrial)were associated with increased risk of CKD in Chinese oldest old,although we did not find a significant multiplicative and additive interaction between Cd and Hg levels in relation to the risk of CKD.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81202469)Founder of new drug research fund(Grant No.20130527)
文摘Large Hollow nanoparticulate aggregates（LHNAs） based on albumin nanoparticles is a promising technology for developing dry powder inhaler（DPI） with good aerodynamic properties in order to provide a new drug delivery system（DDS） for the treatment of lung disease. Improved understanding of molecular interactions could lead to prepare the DDS rationally. Therefore, this investigation utilized computations and experiments to reveal the mechanisms of budesonide（BUD） interactions with bovine serum albumin（BSA） at the molecular level. The molecular dynamics（MD） simulation revealed that there were three critical stable binding sites of BUD on BSA（P1, P2, P3） mainly by hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bond. The energy decomposition of each residue to the whole BUD-BSA complex system in P1-P3 showed that nonpolar residues in or around the binding site played an important role in the binding of BUD to BSA. The molar ratio was close to 3 in preparations in drug-loading efficiency experiment, which was confirmed to the simulation results. The details of the binding sites from computation provided a guideline for the design of the BSA nanoparticles carrying BUD, which was prepared successfully at last. Combination of the MD simulation and experiment as well as the mechanism of the molecular interaction provided a solid theoretical basis for the preparation of BSA-LHNAs for DPI in the future.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21676232 and 21673206).A.P.thanks Danil W.Boukhvalov for scientific discussions and Vito Fabio for technical support for the HREELS experiments.D.F.acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness,through the Maria de Maeztu Programme for Units of Excellence in R&D(No.MDM-2014-0377)and MINECO project MAT2015-65356-C3-3-R.
文摘Though it is well recognized that the space between graphene cover and the metal substrate canact as a two-dimensional(2D)nanoreactor,several issues are still unresolved,including the role of the metal substrate,the mechanisms ruling water intercalation and the identification ofsites at which water is decomposed.Here,we solve these issues by means of density functional theory and high-resolution electron energyloss spectroscopy experiments carried out on graphene grown on(111)-oriented Cu foils.Specifically,we observe decomposition of H2O atroom temperature with only H atoms forming bonds with graphene and with buried OH groups underneath the graphene cover.Ourtheoretical model discloses physicochemical mechanisms ruling the migration and decomposition of water on graphene/Cu.We discover thatthe edge of graphene can be easily saturated by H through decomposition of H2O,which allows H2O to migrate in the subsurface region from thedecoupled edge,where H2O decomposes at room temperature.Hydrogen atoms produced by the decomposition of H2O initially form a chemicalbond with graphene for the lower energy barrier compared with other routes.These findings are essential to exploit graphene/Cu interfaces incatalysis and in energy-related applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11404321,52172085 and 51572056).
文摘Lead zirconate titanate(PZT)ceramics possess great potential for practical applications and thus improving their piezoelectric properties is crucial.Pb0.99−xSm0.01BaxZr0.53Ti0.47O3(PSBZT)ceramics with high Curie temperature and excellent piezoelectric properties were fabricated via a conventional solid-state method,and the effect of Ba2+doping on the structural,dielectric,piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties was studied in detail.It is shown that doping of Ba2+significantly enhanced the piezoelectric properties of PSZT,the maximum d33~533 pC/N and Tc~361°C at x=0.02 were acquired.Furthermore,PSZT and PSBZT ceramics were used to prepare single element ultrasonic transducers,and their performance were compared and evaluated.The results demonstrate that the PSBZT ceramic-based transducer possesses better sensitivity and bandwidth than the PSZT ceramic-based transducer.
