Panax Ginseng(2n=48)represents a quintessential resource in traditional Chinese medicine,renowned for its outstanding medicinal and economic benefits(Choi,2008).But the late start in analyzing the ginseng genome and t...Panax Ginseng(2n=48)represents a quintessential resource in traditional Chinese medicine,renowned for its outstanding medicinal and economic benefits(Choi,2008).But the late start in analyzing the ginseng genome and the poorly developed genetic transformation system still impede the study of ginseng gene function and the application of molecular breeding.Transient transformation has the advantages of high efficiency,low cost,and short cycle while laying the foundation for stable genetic transformation(Chen et al.,2021).In the plant transformation process,the cell wall prevents exogenous DNA or protein entry,significantly reducing the efficiency of the transformation.Protoplasts,as exposed cells wrapped by the plasma membrane,are more likely to absorb exogenous DNA,RNA,and protein.Transgenic systems of protoplasts have been established in several species and applied in many fields,such as gene function research(Gou et al.,2020),gene editing(Yang et al.,2023),and physiological or molecular mechanism research(Aoyagi,2011).For instance,Oryza sativa protoplasts were employed to screen genes involved in rice defense signaling pathways through fluorescent reporter systems,with BiFC employed to verified inter-protein interactions(He et al.,2016).A study transformed Cannabis sativa L.protoplasts with the plasmids carrying GFP and RFP genes,evaluated the efficiency under different transformation conditions by flow cytometry,and verified the induction of synthetic DR5 promoter by IAA based on the constructed system(Beard et al.,2021).展开更多
The traditional Physical Geography teaching,focusing on theory and neglecting practice and innovation,fails to meet the needs of talent cultivation.In response to the aforementioned pedagogical challenges,this study a...The traditional Physical Geography teaching,focusing on theory and neglecting practice and innovation,fails to meet the needs of talent cultivation.In response to the aforementioned pedagogical challenges,this study adopts a student-centered and holistic educational philosophy,leveraging an intelligent teaching platform to develop a research-oriented teaching model.This model integrates scientific research papers and current news as context,thematic presentations as an introduction to knowledge,and field internships,annual papers,research projects,and disciplinary competitions as practical bridges.The aim is to enhance students’comprehension of the course material,foster innovative thinking and research capabilities,and drive comprehensive reform and innovation in Physical Geography courses within higher education institutions.展开更多
The study aims to investigate the effects of(-)-Linarinic acid(LA) and one of its derivatives(LAd) on brain injury induced by ischemia. Malonaldehyde(MDA) is determined as an index for lipid peroxidation both in vitro...The study aims to investigate the effects of(-)-Linarinic acid(LA) and one of its derivatives(LAd) on brain injury induced by ischemia. Malonaldehyde(MDA) is determined as an index for lipid peroxidation both in vitro and vivo. Mice were pre-treated with LA and LAd for 3 d.Thereafter, they were induced to have incomplete cerebral ischemia with both bilateral carotid artery occlusion and hypotension(BCAOH). In the first part of the in vivo experiment, mice were divided into four groups: sham(control), ischemia, ischemia + LA(200 mg/kg, i.g.) and ischemia + LAd(200 mg/kg, i.g.). In the second part, the dose-response of LAd was investigated at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg i.g., respectively. A modified neurological severity score was developed for evaluating behavioral deficits of the mice with ischemia. Brains of the mice were excised in order to determinate MDA after ischemia for 6 h. Survival time, survival rate, neurological injury score and MDA level in brains were observed. Results were: 1) The data in vitro showed that both LA and LAd could inhibit the generation of MDA. IC50 values obtained by Probit analysis were 2.9 mM for LAd and 4.88 mM for LA;2) BCAOH could significantly shorten the survival span, reduce the survival rate and cause neurological deficits,which were associated with high level of lipid hydroperoxide production in cerebral tissues;3) LAd decreased lipid peroxidation and improved the neurological outcome more than LA.It is concluded that LAd offers a better neuroprotection than LA against brain damage caused by cerebral ischemia.展开更多
The evolutions of texture, microstructure as well as mechanical properties of an Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy during hot and cold rolling were investigated by TEM, EBSD and X-ray diffraction in this study. The results revealed t...The evolutions of texture, microstructure as well as mechanical properties of an Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy during hot and cold rolling were investigated by TEM, EBSD and X-ray diffraction in this study. The results revealed that formation of sub-grain boundaries and //RD fiber texture after hot rolling is beneficial to the increase of the elongation of the alloy. The shear texture of //RD fiber and γ-fiber occupies a dominant role during the hot rolling process, while the main texture during the cold rolling process is the rolling texture of β-fiber. β-fiber and τ-fiber texture components are identified as two main types of texture components during cold rolling, and the Brass component {011} is transformed into Goss component {011} with the increase of the deformation.展开更多
To investigate the effects of 4-methyl-2-{[4-(toluene-4-sulfonyl)-thiomorpholine-3-carbonyl]-amino}-pentanoic acid isopropyl ester(HD5-6)against cerebral ischemia in rodents,the models with global and focal ischemia w...To investigate the effects of 4-methyl-2-{[4-(toluene-4-sulfonyl)-thiomorpholine-3-carbonyl]-amino}-pentanoic acid isopropyl ester(HD5-6)against cerebral ischemia in rodents,the models with global and focal ischemia were induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion plus hypotension(BCAOH)and permanent cerebral artery occlusion(p-MCAO)in mice(n=10–12 per group in BCAOH;n=8 per group in p-MCAO)and rats(n=10-11 in each group).HD5-6 prolonged lifetime and improved neurological function.Neurological deficits score in HD5-6(30 mg/kg)decreased significantly.Malonaldehyde(MDA)in HD5-6-treated mice with ischemia considerably dropped.The infarction volume of the HD5-6-treated rats with MCAO-induced ischemia decreased significantly in the high dose group(P<0.05,i.g.and P<0.01,i.v.).Immunohistochemistry showed that Brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)in the ipsilateral hemisphere increased and Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)decreased with HD5-6 treatment.HD5-6 has protective effects against experimental cerebral ischemia in rodents and the action mechanism may involve anti-oxidation and neurogenesis.展开更多
Data mining involves extracting information from large data sets, discovering the hidden relationships and unknown dependencies, and supporting strategic decision-making tasks. The alignment of data mining and busines...Data mining involves extracting information from large data sets, discovering the hidden relationships and unknown dependencies, and supporting strategic decision-making tasks. The alignment of data mining and business would bring benefits to the organization＇s management. The study investigated the adoption of data mining technologies in managerial accounting system, concentrating on the challenges and opportunities. The research showed that with the technology adoption, managerial functions could be improved and current information system could be upgraded. Since the technical progresses are reshaping the world of business and accountancy, it is significant for accountants and finance professionals to exploit information technologies.展开更多
Taking Chinese A-share listed corporations as sample,this paper studies whether the implementation of financial shared service center,an IT-based financial management practice,can significantly improve the business pe...Taking Chinese A-share listed corporations as sample,this paper studies whether the implementation of financial shared service center,an IT-based financial management practice,can significantly improve the business performance.We conduct Wilcoxon rank sum test and OLS regression model.The results show that there is a significant difference in business performance between the corporations without financial shared service center and the matching samples which have implemented financial shared service.In addition,the positive effect of financial shared services on business performance has a time-lag.As the corporations become adept on financial shared services,their business performance such as profitability,operating ability and growth could be improved steadily.Our study provides suggestions on whether corporations’might upgrade their financial system and how to evaluate the implementation results.展开更多
1.Introduction High entropy alloys(HEAs),arising from the incorporation of multiple principal elements[1,2],have garnered extensive atten-tion due to their great potential to be utilized under extreme con-ditions[3-5].
Disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier(BSCB)is a critical event in the secondary injury following spinal cord injury(SCI).Mertk has been reported to play an important role in regulating inflammation and cytoskele...Disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier(BSCB)is a critical event in the secondary injury following spinal cord injury(SCI).Mertk has been reported to play an important role in regulating inflammation and cytoskeletal dynamics.However,the specific involvement of Mertk in BSCB remains elusive.Here,we demonstrated a distinct role of Mertk in the repair of BSCB.Mertk expression is decreased in endothelial cells following SCI.Overexpression of Mertk upregulated tight junction proteins(TJs),reducing BSCB permeability and subsequently inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis.Ultimately,this led to enhanced neural regeneration and functional recovery.Further experiments revealed that the RhoA/Rock1/P-MLC pathway plays a key role in the effects of Mertk.These findings highlight the role of Mertk in promoting SCI recovery through its ability to mitigate BSCB permeability and may provide potential targets for SCI repair.展开更多
Planktonic microorganisms have been recognized as important components in biogeochemical cycling in lakes.However,research into the impact of phyllosphere microorganisms,particularly those involved in carbon cycling,o...Planktonic microorganisms have been recognized as important components in biogeochemical cycling in lakes.However,research into the impact of phyllosphere microorganisms,particularly those involved in carbon cycling,on CO_(2) fluxes in macrophyte-dominated lakes within the context of global environmental changes remains scarce.Here,by employing high-throughput sequencing techniques,we experimentally tested how nutrient enrichment,top-down effects of fish and increases in dissolved organic carbon(DOC)affect CO_(2) exchange flux at the water-air interface by altering the community structure and functioning of phyllosphere bacteria on macrophytes.We found that our mesocosm ecosystems exhibited a net absorption of CO_(2),but nutrient enrichment significantly decreased the absorption ability.Mantel tests and multiple regression modeling also showed that eutrophication-associated parameters(total nitrogen,total phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen),pH,and extinction coefficient were the key drivers influencing abundance of phyllosphere functional microorganisms.In addition,these experimental treatments significantly altered the composition,diversity and co-occurrence networks of carbon cyclingassociated phyllosphere microorganisms,which impacted the CO_(2) flux.Structural equation models and linear regression further showed that the Shannon Index of phyllosphere functional microorganisms related to carbon cycling(rather than plant volume inhabited-PVI)had a significant positive impact on CO_(2) fixation.This means that environmental changes—especially eutrophication—may hinder carbon sequestration by decreasing the diversity of phyllosphere microorganisms rather than reducing the abundance of submerged macrophytes.This study increases our understanding of carbon cycling processes in aquatic environments from a management perspective by emphasizing the importance of protecting the diversity of phyllosphere microorganisms in macrophyte-dominated lakes.展开更多
Aims:In this study,we aimed to identify cuproptosis-associated ferroptosis genes in the atherosclerosis microarray of the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database and to explore hub gene-mediated immune infiltration in at...Aims:In this study,we aimed to identify cuproptosis-associated ferroptosis genes in the atherosclerosis microarray of the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database and to explore hub gene-mediated immune infiltration in atherosclerosis.Background:Immune infiltration plays a crucial role in atherosclerosis development.Ferroptosis is a mode of cell death caused by the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides.Cuproptosis is a recently discovered type of programmed cell death.No previous studies have examined the mechanism of cuproptosis-associated ferroptosis gene regulation in immune infiltration in atherosclerosis.Methods:We searched the qualified atherosclerosis gene microarray in the GEO database,integrated it with ferroptosis and cuproptosis genes,and calculated the correlation coefficients.We then obtained the cuproptosis-associated ferrop-tosis gene matrix and screened differentially expressed genes.Subsequently,we performed Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses and protein–protein interaction network analysis of differen-tially expressed genes.We also screened hub genes according to the Matthews correlation coefficient(MCC)algorithm.We conducted enrichment analysis of hub genes to explore their functions and predict related microRNAs(P<0.05).We also used the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis(ssGSEA)algorithm to analyze the relationships between hub genes and immune infiltration,and used immune-associated hub genes to construct a risk model.Finally,we used the drug prediction results and molecular docking technology to explore potential therapeutic drugs targeting the hub genes.Results:Seventy-eight cuproptosis-associated ferroptosis genes were found to be involved in the cellular response to oxidative and chemical stress,and to be enriched in multiple pathways,including ferroptosis,glutathione metabolism,and atherosclerosis.Ten hub genes were identified with the MCC algorithm;according to the ssGSEA algorithm,these genes were closely associated with immune infiltration,thus indicating that cuproptosis-associated ferroptosis genes may participate in atherosclerosis by mediating immune infiltration.The receiver operating characteristic curve indi-cated that the model had a good ability to predict atherosclerosis risk.The results of drug prediction(adjusted P<0.001)and molecular docking showed that glutathione may be a potential therapeutic drug that targets the hub genes.Conclusion:Cuproptosis-associated ferroptosis genes are associated with immune infiltration in atherosclerosis.展开更多
Tripartite motif(TRIM)family proteins are important effectors of innate immunity against viral infections.Here we identified TRIM35 as a regulator of TRAF3 activation.Deficiency in or inhibition of TRIM35 suppressed t...Tripartite motif(TRIM)family proteins are important effectors of innate immunity against viral infections.Here we identified TRIM35 as a regulator of TRAF3 activation.Deficiency in or inhibition of TRIM35 suppressed the production of type I interferon(IFN)in response to viral infection.777m35-deficient mice were more susceptible to influenza A virus(IAV)infection than were wild-type mice.TRIM35 promoted the RIG-Imediated signaling by catalyzing Lys63-linked polyubiquitination of TRAF3 and the subsequent formation of a signaling complex with VISA and TBK1.IAV PB2 polymerase countered the innate antiviral immune response by impeding the Lys63-linked polyubiquitination and activation of TRAF3.TRIM35 mediated Lys48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of IAV PB2,thereby antagonizing its suppression of TRAF3 activation.Our in vitro and in vivo findings thus reveal novel roles of TRIM35,through catalyzing Lys63-or Lys48-linked polyubiquitination,in RIG-I antiviral immunity and mechanism of defense against IAV infection.展开更多
In this letter,we briefly summarize experimental and theoretical findings of fo rmation and characterization of short-range orderings(SROs)as well as their effects on the defo rmation behavior of high-entropy alloys(H...In this letter,we briefly summarize experimental and theoretical findings of fo rmation and characterization of short-range orderings(SROs)as well as their effects on the defo rmation behavior of high-entropy alloys(HEAs).We show that existence of SROs is a common yet key structural feature of HEAs,and tuning the degree of SROs is an effective way for optimizing mechanical properties of HEAs.In additional,the challenges concerning about formation mechanism and characterization of SROs in HEAs are discussed,and future research activities in this regard are also proposed.展开更多
基金supported by the Genetic analysis of important quality and traits of ginseng and basic research on molecular design breeding(Grant No.U21A20405)。
文摘Panax Ginseng(2n=48)represents a quintessential resource in traditional Chinese medicine,renowned for its outstanding medicinal and economic benefits(Choi,2008).But the late start in analyzing the ginseng genome and the poorly developed genetic transformation system still impede the study of ginseng gene function and the application of molecular breeding.Transient transformation has the advantages of high efficiency,low cost,and short cycle while laying the foundation for stable genetic transformation(Chen et al.,2021).In the plant transformation process,the cell wall prevents exogenous DNA or protein entry,significantly reducing the efficiency of the transformation.Protoplasts,as exposed cells wrapped by the plasma membrane,are more likely to absorb exogenous DNA,RNA,and protein.Transgenic systems of protoplasts have been established in several species and applied in many fields,such as gene function research(Gou et al.,2020),gene editing(Yang et al.,2023),and physiological or molecular mechanism research(Aoyagi,2011).For instance,Oryza sativa protoplasts were employed to screen genes involved in rice defense signaling pathways through fluorescent reporter systems,with BiFC employed to verified inter-protein interactions(He et al.,2016).A study transformed Cannabis sativa L.protoplasts with the plasmids carrying GFP and RFP genes,evaluated the efficiency under different transformation conditions by flow cytometry,and verified the induction of synthetic DR5 promoter by IAA based on the constructed system(Beard et al.,2021).
基金Research and Practice Project of Teaching Reform in the Universities of Henan Province(2022SYJXLX062)Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(242300421371)+2 种基金Youth Scientific Research Foundation of Xinyang Normal University(2024-QN-046)Training Plan of Young Backbone Teachers in Henan Colleges and Universities(2023GGJS096)3rd Round of China’s Ministry of Education Employment and Education Project of Geology Employment and Internship Base of Xinyang Normal University(2023122150867)。
文摘The traditional Physical Geography teaching,focusing on theory and neglecting practice and innovation,fails to meet the needs of talent cultivation.In response to the aforementioned pedagogical challenges,this study adopts a student-centered and holistic educational philosophy,leveraging an intelligent teaching platform to develop a research-oriented teaching model.This model integrates scientific research papers and current news as context,thematic presentations as an introduction to knowledge,and field internships,annual papers,research projects,and disciplinary competitions as practical bridges.The aim is to enhance students’comprehension of the course material,foster innovative thinking and research capabilities,and drive comprehensive reform and innovation in Physical Geography courses within higher education institutions.
基金supported partly by a grant from Natural Science Foundation of China (30973613)
文摘The study aims to investigate the effects of(-)-Linarinic acid(LA) and one of its derivatives(LAd) on brain injury induced by ischemia. Malonaldehyde(MDA) is determined as an index for lipid peroxidation both in vitro and vivo. Mice were pre-treated with LA and LAd for 3 d.Thereafter, they were induced to have incomplete cerebral ischemia with both bilateral carotid artery occlusion and hypotension(BCAOH). In the first part of the in vivo experiment, mice were divided into four groups: sham(control), ischemia, ischemia + LA(200 mg/kg, i.g.) and ischemia + LAd(200 mg/kg, i.g.). In the second part, the dose-response of LAd was investigated at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg i.g., respectively. A modified neurological severity score was developed for evaluating behavioral deficits of the mice with ischemia. Brains of the mice were excised in order to determinate MDA after ischemia for 6 h. Survival time, survival rate, neurological injury score and MDA level in brains were observed. Results were: 1) The data in vitro showed that both LA and LAd could inhibit the generation of MDA. IC50 values obtained by Probit analysis were 2.9 mM for LAd and 4.88 mM for LA;2) BCAOH could significantly shorten the survival span, reduce the survival rate and cause neurological deficits,which were associated with high level of lipid hydroperoxide production in cerebral tissues;3) LAd decreased lipid peroxidation and improved the neurological outcome more than LA.It is concluded that LAd offers a better neuroprotection than LA against brain damage caused by cerebral ischemia.
文摘The evolutions of texture, microstructure as well as mechanical properties of an Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy during hot and cold rolling were investigated by TEM, EBSD and X-ray diffraction in this study. The results revealed that formation of sub-grain boundaries and //RD fiber texture after hot rolling is beneficial to the increase of the elongation of the alloy. The shear texture of //RD fiber and γ-fiber occupies a dominant role during the hot rolling process, while the main texture during the cold rolling process is the rolling texture of β-fiber. β-fiber and τ-fiber texture components are identified as two main types of texture components during cold rolling, and the Brass component {011} is transformed into Goss component {011} with the increase of the deformation.
基金This work is supported by a grant from the national science and technology major project,a candidate drug for neurodegenerative diseases targeting FKBPs,(2009ZX09103-024).
文摘To investigate the effects of 4-methyl-2-{[4-(toluene-4-sulfonyl)-thiomorpholine-3-carbonyl]-amino}-pentanoic acid isopropyl ester(HD5-6)against cerebral ischemia in rodents,the models with global and focal ischemia were induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion plus hypotension(BCAOH)and permanent cerebral artery occlusion(p-MCAO)in mice(n=10–12 per group in BCAOH;n=8 per group in p-MCAO)and rats(n=10-11 in each group).HD5-6 prolonged lifetime and improved neurological function.Neurological deficits score in HD5-6(30 mg/kg)decreased significantly.Malonaldehyde(MDA)in HD5-6-treated mice with ischemia considerably dropped.The infarction volume of the HD5-6-treated rats with MCAO-induced ischemia decreased significantly in the high dose group(P<0.05,i.g.and P<0.01,i.v.).Immunohistochemistry showed that Brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)in the ipsilateral hemisphere increased and Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)decreased with HD5-6 treatment.HD5-6 has protective effects against experimental cerebral ischemia in rodents and the action mechanism may involve anti-oxidation and neurogenesis.
文摘Data mining involves extracting information from large data sets, discovering the hidden relationships and unknown dependencies, and supporting strategic decision-making tasks. The alignment of data mining and business would bring benefits to the organization＇s management. The study investigated the adoption of data mining technologies in managerial accounting system, concentrating on the challenges and opportunities. The research showed that with the technology adoption, managerial functions could be improved and current information system could be upgraded. Since the technical progresses are reshaping the world of business and accountancy, it is significant for accountants and finance professionals to exploit information technologies.
基金supported by University-Industry Collaborative Education Program by the Ministry of Education of China under Grant No.202002314026.
文摘Taking Chinese A-share listed corporations as sample,this paper studies whether the implementation of financial shared service center,an IT-based financial management practice,can significantly improve the business performance.We conduct Wilcoxon rank sum test and OLS regression model.The results show that there is a significant difference in business performance between the corporations without financial shared service center and the matching samples which have implemented financial shared service.In addition,the positive effect of financial shared services on business performance has a time-lag.As the corporations become adept on financial shared services,their business performance such as profitability,operating ability and growth could be improved steadily.Our study provides suggestions on whether corporations’might upgrade their financial system and how to evaluate the implementation results.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51971017,52271003,and 52071024)National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.52225103)+1 种基金Funds for Creative Research Groups of China(No.51921001)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB4602101).
文摘1.Introduction High entropy alloys(HEAs),arising from the incorporation of multiple principal elements[1,2],have garnered extensive atten-tion due to their great potential to be utilized under extreme con-ditions[3-5].
基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2017A030313111)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81974329).
文摘Disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier(BSCB)is a critical event in the secondary injury following spinal cord injury(SCI).Mertk has been reported to play an important role in regulating inflammation and cytoskeletal dynamics.However,the specific involvement of Mertk in BSCB remains elusive.Here,we demonstrated a distinct role of Mertk in the repair of BSCB.Mertk expression is decreased in endothelial cells following SCI.Overexpression of Mertk upregulated tight junction proteins(TJs),reducing BSCB permeability and subsequently inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis.Ultimately,this led to enhanced neural regeneration and functional recovery.Further experiments revealed that the RhoA/Rock1/P-MLC pathway plays a key role in the effects of Mertk.These findings highlight the role of Mertk in promoting SCI recovery through its ability to mitigate BSCB permeability and may provide potential targets for SCI repair.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(9225130432371644)Scientific Research and Innovation Project of Postgraduate Students in the Academic Degree of Yunnan University(KC-23233782).
文摘Planktonic microorganisms have been recognized as important components in biogeochemical cycling in lakes.However,research into the impact of phyllosphere microorganisms,particularly those involved in carbon cycling,on CO_(2) fluxes in macrophyte-dominated lakes within the context of global environmental changes remains scarce.Here,by employing high-throughput sequencing techniques,we experimentally tested how nutrient enrichment,top-down effects of fish and increases in dissolved organic carbon(DOC)affect CO_(2) exchange flux at the water-air interface by altering the community structure and functioning of phyllosphere bacteria on macrophytes.We found that our mesocosm ecosystems exhibited a net absorption of CO_(2),but nutrient enrichment significantly decreased the absorption ability.Mantel tests and multiple regression modeling also showed that eutrophication-associated parameters(total nitrogen,total phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen),pH,and extinction coefficient were the key drivers influencing abundance of phyllosphere functional microorganisms.In addition,these experimental treatments significantly altered the composition,diversity and co-occurrence networks of carbon cyclingassociated phyllosphere microorganisms,which impacted the CO_(2) flux.Structural equation models and linear regression further showed that the Shannon Index of phyllosphere functional microorganisms related to carbon cycling(rather than plant volume inhabited-PVI)had a significant positive impact on CO_(2) fixation.This means that environmental changes—especially eutrophication—may hinder carbon sequestration by decreasing the diversity of phyllosphere microorganisms rather than reducing the abundance of submerged macrophytes.This study increases our understanding of carbon cycling processes in aquatic environments from a management perspective by emphasizing the importance of protecting the diversity of phyllosphere microorganisms in macrophyte-dominated lakes.
基金This study was funded by the Education Department of Hebei Province(project No.QN2016145)a student research project at Chengde Medical University(project No.2021101,2022086)+1 种基金the university-level scientific research project in CDMC(project No.202118)Fundamental Research Funds for Chengde Medical University(project No.KY202220).
文摘Aims:In this study,we aimed to identify cuproptosis-associated ferroptosis genes in the atherosclerosis microarray of the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database and to explore hub gene-mediated immune infiltration in atherosclerosis.Background:Immune infiltration plays a crucial role in atherosclerosis development.Ferroptosis is a mode of cell death caused by the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides.Cuproptosis is a recently discovered type of programmed cell death.No previous studies have examined the mechanism of cuproptosis-associated ferroptosis gene regulation in immune infiltration in atherosclerosis.Methods:We searched the qualified atherosclerosis gene microarray in the GEO database,integrated it with ferroptosis and cuproptosis genes,and calculated the correlation coefficients.We then obtained the cuproptosis-associated ferrop-tosis gene matrix and screened differentially expressed genes.Subsequently,we performed Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses and protein–protein interaction network analysis of differen-tially expressed genes.We also screened hub genes according to the Matthews correlation coefficient(MCC)algorithm.We conducted enrichment analysis of hub genes to explore their functions and predict related microRNAs(P<0.05).We also used the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis(ssGSEA)algorithm to analyze the relationships between hub genes and immune infiltration,and used immune-associated hub genes to construct a risk model.Finally,we used the drug prediction results and molecular docking technology to explore potential therapeutic drugs targeting the hub genes.Results:Seventy-eight cuproptosis-associated ferroptosis genes were found to be involved in the cellular response to oxidative and chemical stress,and to be enriched in multiple pathways,including ferroptosis,glutathione metabolism,and atherosclerosis.Ten hub genes were identified with the MCC algorithm;according to the ssGSEA algorithm,these genes were closely associated with immune infiltration,thus indicating that cuproptosis-associated ferroptosis genes may participate in atherosclerosis by mediating immune infiltration.The receiver operating characteristic curve indi-cated that the model had a good ability to predict atherosclerosis risk.The results of drug prediction(adjusted P<0.001)and molecular docking showed that glutathione may be a potential therapeutic drug that targets the hub genes.Conclusion:Cuproptosis-associated ferroptosis genes are associated with immune infiltration in atherosclerosis.
基金The work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0500205)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.31521005,31672582,31422054,and 31472215)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(JQ2019C005)by the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(No.Y2017JC35).
文摘Tripartite motif(TRIM)family proteins are important effectors of innate immunity against viral infections.Here we identified TRIM35 as a regulator of TRAF3 activation.Deficiency in or inhibition of TRIM35 suppressed the production of type I interferon(IFN)in response to viral infection.777m35-deficient mice were more susceptible to influenza A virus(IAV)infection than were wild-type mice.TRIM35 promoted the RIG-Imediated signaling by catalyzing Lys63-linked polyubiquitination of TRAF3 and the subsequent formation of a signaling complex with VISA and TBK1.IAV PB2 polymerase countered the innate antiviral immune response by impeding the Lys63-linked polyubiquitination and activation of TRAF3.TRIM35 mediated Lys48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of IAV PB2,thereby antagonizing its suppression of TRAF3 activation.Our in vitro and in vivo findings thus reveal novel roles of TRIM35,through catalyzing Lys63-or Lys48-linked polyubiquitination,in RIG-I antiviral immunity and mechanism of defense against IAV infection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51921001,51871016,51971017,51531001,51901013,and 51671021)111 Project(B07003)+3 种基金Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of China(IRT-14R05)the Projects of SKLAMM-USTBthe financial support from the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities(No.FRF-BD-19002B)National Key Basic Research Program,China(No.2016YFB0300502)。
文摘In this letter,we briefly summarize experimental and theoretical findings of fo rmation and characterization of short-range orderings(SROs)as well as their effects on the defo rmation behavior of high-entropy alloys(HEAs).We show that existence of SROs is a common yet key structural feature of HEAs,and tuning the degree of SROs is an effective way for optimizing mechanical properties of HEAs.In additional,the challenges concerning about formation mechanism and characterization of SROs in HEAs are discussed,and future research activities in this regard are also proposed.
