To achieve much efficient multimedia transmission over an error-prone wireless network, there are still some problem must to be solved, especially in energy limited wireless sensor network. In this paper, we propose a...To achieve much efficient multimedia transmission over an error-prone wireless network, there are still some problem must to be solved, especially in energy limited wireless sensor network. In this paper, we propose a joint detection based on Schur Algorithm for image wireless transmission over wireless sensor network. To eliminate error transmissions and save transmission energy, we combine Schur algorithm with joint dynamic detection for wireless transmission of JPEG 2000 encoded image which we proposed in [1]. Schur algorithm is used to computing the decomposition of system matrix to decrease the computational complexity. We de-scribe our transmission protocol, and report on its performance evaluation using a simulation testbed we have designed for this purpose. Our results clearly indicate that our method could approach efficient images transmission in wireless sensor network and the transmission errors are significantly reduced when compared to regular transmissions.展开更多
In cognitive radio (CR) networks, unlicensed secondary users need to conduct spectrum sensing to gain access to a licensed spectrum band. And cooperation among CR users will solve the problems caused by multipath fadi...In cognitive radio (CR) networks, unlicensed secondary users need to conduct spectrum sensing to gain access to a licensed spectrum band. And cooperation among CR users will solve the problems caused by multipath fading and shadowing. In this paper, we propose a multi-threshold method at local nodes to cope with noises of great uncertainty. Functions of distance between bodies of evidence are used at fusion centre to make synthetic judgment. To guarantee security which is an essential component for basic network functions, we will take selfish nodes into account which try to occupy channels exclusively. The proposed technique has shown better performance than conventional algorithms without increase the system overhead.展开更多
A novel high sensitivity relative humidity(RH)sensor was proposed by using micro structure plastic optical fiber(POF)based on the surface plasmon resonance(SPR)effect and the evanescent wave(EW)loss.The micro structur...A novel high sensitivity relative humidity(RH)sensor was proposed by using micro structure plastic optical fiber(POF)based on the surface plasmon resonance(SPR)effect and the evanescent wave(EW)loss.The micro structure was fabricated on the POF and coated with a gold layer and agarose,adopting the sputtering and dip-coating technique.These construction effects on the attenuation of power caused by the SPR effect and the EW loss were used to perform RH detections.The agarose9s different refractive indexes(RIs)caused fluctuations in the transmission power when the humidity increased.The demonstrated experimental results showed that the proposed sensor achieved a linear response from 20%RH to 80%RH with a high sensitivity of 0.595μW/%.The proposed sensor had the advantages of fast response and recovery.Furthermore,the temperature dependence and the repeatability test of the sensor were also performed.展开更多
At present,effective fixation and anti-infection implant materials represent the mainstay for the treatment of open fractures.However,external fixation can cause nail tract infections and is ineffective for fixing sma...At present,effective fixation and anti-infection implant materials represent the mainstay for the treatment of open fractures.However,external fixation can cause nail tract infections and is ineffective for fixing small fracture fragments.Moreover,closed reduction and internal fixation during the early stage of injury can lead to potential bone infection,conducive to bone nonunion and delayed healing.Herein,we designed a bone adhesive with anti-infection,osteogenic and bone adhesion fixation properties to promote reduction and fixation of open fractures and subsequent soft tissue repair.It was prepared by the reaction of gelatin(Gel)and oxidized starch(OS)with vancomycin(VAN)-loaded mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles(MBGNs)covalently cross-linked with Schiff bases.Characterization and adhesion experiments were conducted to validate the successful preparation of the Gel-OS/VAN@MBGNs(GOVM-gel)adhesive.Meanwhile,in vitro cell experiments demonstrated its good antibacterial effects with the ability to stimulate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell(BMSCs)proliferation,upregulate the expression of alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and osteogenic proteins(RunX2 and OPN)and enhance the deposition of calcium nodules.Additionally,we established a rat skull fracture model and a subcutaneous infection model.The histological analysis showed that bone adhesive enhanced osteogenesis,and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the number of inflammatory cells and bacteria was significantly reduced.Overall,the adhesive could promote early reduction of fractures and antibacterial and osteogenic effects,providing the foothold for treatment of this patient population.展开更多
Pyrolysis is an effective technology for treating and utilizing biogas residue.To explore the phosphorus(P)supply capacity of the biochar generated from biogas residue of Eichhornia Crassipes,the P speciation of E.cra...Pyrolysis is an effective technology for treating and utilizing biogas residue.To explore the phosphorus(P)supply capacity of the biochar generated from biogas residue of Eichhornia Crassipes,the P speciation of E.crassipes biogas residue and biomass during pyrolysis(300-700℃)was analyzed by combining sequential chemical extraction,31P nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure(XANES)spectroscopy.Pyrolysis treatment promoted the conversion of amorphous Ca-P phases in biogas residue and biomass into crystalline hydroxyapatite(HAP)phase,which matched the formation of stable HCl-P pools in the biochar derived from biogas residue(AEBs,22.65-82.04%)and biomass(EBs,13.08-33.52%)in the process of pyrolysis.Moreover,the total P contents in AEBs(19.43-28.92 mg g^(−1))were higher than that of EBs(3.41-5.26 mg g^(−1)),indicating that AEBs had a great P reclamation potential.The P release kinetics from AEBs and EBs in water were evaluated via an incubation experiment for 360 h.The P release from both AEBs and EBs conformed to the pseudo-second order kinetics model(R^(2)>0.93),but their P release behaviors were different.The P release of AEBs conformed to the diffusion-re-adsorption model,while that of EBs accorded with the diffusion-dissolution model.The diffusive gradients in thin-films(DGT)analysis showed that AEBs could significantly increase soil available P content as compared with EBs.Hence,the biochar produced from biogas residue of E.crassipes via pyrolysis has a good application potential as a P fertilizer.展开更多
The bottom ash is increasingly used as a substitute aggregate material in road construction in China,and road salting is the major salt source in groundwater.Continuous rainfall releases soluble salts from the bottom ...The bottom ash is increasingly used as a substitute aggregate material in road construction in China,and road salting is the major salt source in groundwater.Continuous rainfall releases soluble salts from the bottom ash subgrade into the surrounding soil and groundwater,resulting in potential hazards.Different methods were employed to simulate and collect runoff water during rainfall events,including batch leaching test,dynamic leaching test and constant head test,to assess environmental impact of bottom ash as road basement materials under continuous rainfall conditions.This study simulated the seepage of bottom ash backfill roads under different rainfall intensities,rainfall times,and rainfall pH values.A comprehensive sampling and laboratory testing program was undertaken to characterize the environmental impact of soluble salts from bottom ash.The obtained results reveal that the leaching concentrations of Cl^(−)and SO_(4)^(2−)exceed the limit specified in the class V standard of surface water,which are 2.06–2.17 times and 1.08–1.25 times,respectively.By examining the long-term environmental influence under the condition of continuous rainfall,the leaching of Cl^(−)mainly occurs in the early leaching stage,and the maximum leaching concentration reaches 19,700 mg/L.The release concentration of Cl^(−)begins to be lower than the class V standard of surface water when continuous rainfall approaches the total rainfall for 13 months.The cumulative release of Cl^(−)in the bottom ash is 2.8–5.4 mg/g.Both rainfall intensity and rain pH affect the release of Cl^(−).The obtained results derived from the constant head tests indicate that stagnant water caused by rainfall deteriorates the release of soluble salt into the groundwater in only 1 day,especially at the early stage of 12 h.This work provides some basic information about how to minimize damage to the surrounding environment caused by the leaching of salt in bottom ash.展开更多
Metal recovery from bottom ash was deemed to be significant to achieve a higher stability of bottom ash and recycle valuable extractable metals.In China,the existing rugged industrial production ignores the actual met...Metal recovery from bottom ash was deemed to be significant to achieve a higher stability of bottom ash and recycle valuable extractable metals.In China,the existing rugged industrial production ignores the actual metal distribution and thus fails to exploit the utilization potential of recoverable metals in bottom ash.Based on these findings,this work was proposed to obtain a comprehensive and in-depth study on the recoverability of metals in bottom ash.First,the particle size distribution and elemental composition of the bottom ash were analyzed.Then,complete information on the recoverable metals in bottom ash fractions with different sizes was obtained by washing,sorting,crushing,density separation and XRF(X Ray Fluorescence)analysis.The results showed that the smaller than 5 mm fraction accounted for up to 60%of the bottom ash,and the 5–20 mm fractions accounted for about 15%.The material characterization revealed that the contents of recoverable Fe,stainless steel,Al and Cu in bottom ash were averagely 9.01%,0.136%,0.78%and 0.08%,respectively.About 50%of Fe,68%of Al,61%of Cu,and 22%of stainless steel were distributed in smaller than 10 mm fraction.Particularly,Fe was evenly distributed among 0–2 mm,2–5 mm,5–10 mm fractions,and the content was between 5.41%and 7.5%.Non-magnetic stainless steel was mainly distributed in 20–40 mm and larger than 40 mm fractions.The highest share of Al was present in the fractions between 5 mm and 20 mm,accounting for 48%of the total aluminum.About 45.6%of the Cu was enriched in the 5–10 mm fraction.However,the Zn content was less than 0.01%.This work provides an in-depth understanding and information on metal recovery as well as promisingly guide ash utilization.展开更多
With the rapid growth of science and technology,the Internet of Things(IoT)technology has matured and attracted the attention of many researchers.The development of agricultural modernization leads to the gradual emer...With the rapid growth of science and technology,the Internet of Things(IoT)technology has matured and attracted the attention of many researchers.The development of agricultural modernization leads to the gradual emergence of intelligent management gradually taking root in agricultural production.Among many technologies in the IoT technologies,low-power Wide Area Network(WAN)technology has the characteristics of reliable and stable transmission with long distance and low power consumption.This is very useful for data transmission in special environments,especially for orchards in mountainous areas.This paper proposed a new agricultural Internet of Things in orchard management based on multi-sensors,such as DHT11 for temperature/humidity and GY-30 for illumination,the Long Range(LoRa)technology for transmitting the collected data or control command between the terminal and data cloud center,etc.Setting a low-power IoT sensor network in the orchard can remotely measure the parameters in the orchard.LoRa WAN is used to transmit data to the central node.In order to reduce power consumption and cost,a single monitoring node selects two power supplies,a solar power supply and a power supply,and the power supply can be turned on remotely by users in special circumstances.Experiments in different environments in the peach orchard show that the monitoring system has enough reliability and accuracy,and is suitable for environmental monitoring in orchards in remote areas or areas with complex terrain.展开更多
文摘To achieve much efficient multimedia transmission over an error-prone wireless network, there are still some problem must to be solved, especially in energy limited wireless sensor network. In this paper, we propose a joint detection based on Schur Algorithm for image wireless transmission over wireless sensor network. To eliminate error transmissions and save transmission energy, we combine Schur algorithm with joint dynamic detection for wireless transmission of JPEG 2000 encoded image which we proposed in [1]. Schur algorithm is used to computing the decomposition of system matrix to decrease the computational complexity. We de-scribe our transmission protocol, and report on its performance evaluation using a simulation testbed we have designed for this purpose. Our results clearly indicate that our method could approach efficient images transmission in wireless sensor network and the transmission errors are significantly reduced when compared to regular transmissions.
文摘In cognitive radio (CR) networks, unlicensed secondary users need to conduct spectrum sensing to gain access to a licensed spectrum band. And cooperation among CR users will solve the problems caused by multipath fading and shadowing. In this paper, we propose a multi-threshold method at local nodes to cope with noises of great uncertainty. Functions of distance between bodies of evidence are used at fusion centre to make synthetic judgment. To guarantee security which is an essential component for basic network functions, we will take selfish nodes into account which try to occupy channels exclusively. The proposed technique has shown better performance than conventional algorithms without increase the system overhead.
基金This work was funded by the Fund of Shanxi“1331”Project Key Subject ConstructionNational Science Foundation of Shanxi Province,China(Grant No.20170ID 121065)。
文摘A novel high sensitivity relative humidity(RH)sensor was proposed by using micro structure plastic optical fiber(POF)based on the surface plasmon resonance(SPR)effect and the evanescent wave(EW)loss.The micro structure was fabricated on the POF and coated with a gold layer and agarose,adopting the sputtering and dip-coating technique.These construction effects on the attenuation of power caused by the SPR effect and the EW loss were used to perform RH detections.The agarose9s different refractive indexes(RIs)caused fluctuations in the transmission power when the humidity increased.The demonstrated experimental results showed that the proposed sensor achieved a linear response from 20%RH to 80%RH with a high sensitivity of 0.595μW/%.The proposed sensor had the advantages of fast response and recovery.Furthermore,the temperature dependence and the repeatability test of the sensor were also performed.
基金This work was supported by the Guangzhou Science and Technology Program Key Projects(No.202002020001)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(No.2020A0505100039)+1 种基金Autonomous region science and technology branch Xinjiang project plan(No.2022E02040)Clinical Key Specialty in Ningde City,Fujian Province.
文摘At present,effective fixation and anti-infection implant materials represent the mainstay for the treatment of open fractures.However,external fixation can cause nail tract infections and is ineffective for fixing small fracture fragments.Moreover,closed reduction and internal fixation during the early stage of injury can lead to potential bone infection,conducive to bone nonunion and delayed healing.Herein,we designed a bone adhesive with anti-infection,osteogenic and bone adhesion fixation properties to promote reduction and fixation of open fractures and subsequent soft tissue repair.It was prepared by the reaction of gelatin(Gel)and oxidized starch(OS)with vancomycin(VAN)-loaded mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles(MBGNs)covalently cross-linked with Schiff bases.Characterization and adhesion experiments were conducted to validate the successful preparation of the Gel-OS/VAN@MBGNs(GOVM-gel)adhesive.Meanwhile,in vitro cell experiments demonstrated its good antibacterial effects with the ability to stimulate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell(BMSCs)proliferation,upregulate the expression of alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and osteogenic proteins(RunX2 and OPN)and enhance the deposition of calcium nodules.Additionally,we established a rat skull fracture model and a subcutaneous infection model.The histological analysis showed that bone adhesive enhanced osteogenesis,and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the number of inflammatory cells and bacteria was significantly reduced.Overall,the adhesive could promote early reduction of fractures and antibacterial and osteogenic effects,providing the foothold for treatment of this patient population.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42107237)projects of the key research and development program of Zhejiang Province(No.2021C03164).
文摘Pyrolysis is an effective technology for treating and utilizing biogas residue.To explore the phosphorus(P)supply capacity of the biochar generated from biogas residue of Eichhornia Crassipes,the P speciation of E.crassipes biogas residue and biomass during pyrolysis(300-700℃)was analyzed by combining sequential chemical extraction,31P nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure(XANES)spectroscopy.Pyrolysis treatment promoted the conversion of amorphous Ca-P phases in biogas residue and biomass into crystalline hydroxyapatite(HAP)phase,which matched the formation of stable HCl-P pools in the biochar derived from biogas residue(AEBs,22.65-82.04%)and biomass(EBs,13.08-33.52%)in the process of pyrolysis.Moreover,the total P contents in AEBs(19.43-28.92 mg g^(−1))were higher than that of EBs(3.41-5.26 mg g^(−1)),indicating that AEBs had a great P reclamation potential.The P release kinetics from AEBs and EBs in water were evaluated via an incubation experiment for 360 h.The P release from both AEBs and EBs conformed to the pseudo-second order kinetics model(R^(2)>0.93),but their P release behaviors were different.The P release of AEBs conformed to the diffusion-re-adsorption model,while that of EBs accorded with the diffusion-dissolution model.The diffusive gradients in thin-films(DGT)analysis showed that AEBs could significantly increase soil available P content as compared with EBs.Hence,the biochar produced from biogas residue of E.crassipes via pyrolysis has a good application potential as a P fertilizer.
基金the projects of the National Natural Science Foundation(No.52170141,No.52236008)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2022C03092)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LZ23E060004)。
文摘The bottom ash is increasingly used as a substitute aggregate material in road construction in China,and road salting is the major salt source in groundwater.Continuous rainfall releases soluble salts from the bottom ash subgrade into the surrounding soil and groundwater,resulting in potential hazards.Different methods were employed to simulate and collect runoff water during rainfall events,including batch leaching test,dynamic leaching test and constant head test,to assess environmental impact of bottom ash as road basement materials under continuous rainfall conditions.This study simulated the seepage of bottom ash backfill roads under different rainfall intensities,rainfall times,and rainfall pH values.A comprehensive sampling and laboratory testing program was undertaken to characterize the environmental impact of soluble salts from bottom ash.The obtained results reveal that the leaching concentrations of Cl^(−)and SO_(4)^(2−)exceed the limit specified in the class V standard of surface water,which are 2.06–2.17 times and 1.08–1.25 times,respectively.By examining the long-term environmental influence under the condition of continuous rainfall,the leaching of Cl^(−)mainly occurs in the early leaching stage,and the maximum leaching concentration reaches 19,700 mg/L.The release concentration of Cl^(−)begins to be lower than the class V standard of surface water when continuous rainfall approaches the total rainfall for 13 months.The cumulative release of Cl^(−)in the bottom ash is 2.8–5.4 mg/g.Both rainfall intensity and rain pH affect the release of Cl^(−).The obtained results derived from the constant head tests indicate that stagnant water caused by rainfall deteriorates the release of soluble salt into the groundwater in only 1 day,especially at the early stage of 12 h.This work provides some basic information about how to minimize damage to the surrounding environment caused by the leaching of salt in bottom ash.
基金the project of the National Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.52170141)Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.2021C03164,No.2022C03092),providing financial support for this work.
文摘Metal recovery from bottom ash was deemed to be significant to achieve a higher stability of bottom ash and recycle valuable extractable metals.In China,the existing rugged industrial production ignores the actual metal distribution and thus fails to exploit the utilization potential of recoverable metals in bottom ash.Based on these findings,this work was proposed to obtain a comprehensive and in-depth study on the recoverability of metals in bottom ash.First,the particle size distribution and elemental composition of the bottom ash were analyzed.Then,complete information on the recoverable metals in bottom ash fractions with different sizes was obtained by washing,sorting,crushing,density separation and XRF(X Ray Fluorescence)analysis.The results showed that the smaller than 5 mm fraction accounted for up to 60%of the bottom ash,and the 5–20 mm fractions accounted for about 15%.The material characterization revealed that the contents of recoverable Fe,stainless steel,Al and Cu in bottom ash were averagely 9.01%,0.136%,0.78%and 0.08%,respectively.About 50%of Fe,68%of Al,61%of Cu,and 22%of stainless steel were distributed in smaller than 10 mm fraction.Particularly,Fe was evenly distributed among 0–2 mm,2–5 mm,5–10 mm fractions,and the content was between 5.41%and 7.5%.Non-magnetic stainless steel was mainly distributed in 20–40 mm and larger than 40 mm fractions.The highest share of Al was present in the fractions between 5 mm and 20 mm,accounting for 48%of the total aluminum.About 45.6%of the Cu was enriched in the 5–10 mm fraction.However,the Zn content was less than 0.01%.This work provides an in-depth understanding and information on metal recovery as well as promisingly guide ash utilization.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Department of Henan Province(Nos.212102310553 ,222102210116)Ministry of Education Industry-University Cooperation Collaborative Education Projects(HENAN CHENYUNYANG Electronics Technology Co.,Ltd.(No.221001221014436))WUHAN MaiSiWei(No.202101346001).
文摘With the rapid growth of science and technology,the Internet of Things(IoT)technology has matured and attracted the attention of many researchers.The development of agricultural modernization leads to the gradual emergence of intelligent management gradually taking root in agricultural production.Among many technologies in the IoT technologies,low-power Wide Area Network(WAN)technology has the characteristics of reliable and stable transmission with long distance and low power consumption.This is very useful for data transmission in special environments,especially for orchards in mountainous areas.This paper proposed a new agricultural Internet of Things in orchard management based on multi-sensors,such as DHT11 for temperature/humidity and GY-30 for illumination,the Long Range(LoRa)technology for transmitting the collected data or control command between the terminal and data cloud center,etc.Setting a low-power IoT sensor network in the orchard can remotely measure the parameters in the orchard.LoRa WAN is used to transmit data to the central node.In order to reduce power consumption and cost,a single monitoring node selects two power supplies,a solar power supply and a power supply,and the power supply can be turned on remotely by users in special circumstances.Experiments in different environments in the peach orchard show that the monitoring system has enough reliability and accuracy,and is suitable for environmental monitoring in orchards in remote areas or areas with complex terrain.
