为了解城镇污水处理厂不同提标改造要求对成本的影响程度,围绕水环境质量改善目标,提出城镇污水处理厂排放限值的分级体系设计.在排放浓度分级方面,梳理现行国家和地方城镇污水处理厂排放标准,将其主要水污染物的排放浓度限值分为四级,...为了解城镇污水处理厂不同提标改造要求对成本的影响程度,围绕水环境质量改善目标,提出城镇污水处理厂排放限值的分级体系设计.在排放浓度分级方面,梳理现行国家和地方城镇污水处理厂排放标准,将其主要水污染物的排放浓度限值分为四级,按照从宽到严的顺序,分别为GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准(四级)、GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》中准Ⅴ类水质标准(三级)、准Ⅳ类水质标准(二级)和准Ⅲ类水质标准(一级)的浓度水平,并对从四级分别提高到三级、二级和一级排放限值进行技术经济评估.结果表明:对于一座设计规模为10×10^(4) t/d的城镇污水处理厂,由四级分别提高到三级、二级和一级,需增加的成本和占地面积逐步提高.当排放限值从四级提高到一级时,成本与占地面积增加最多,其中投资成本增加1.1×10^(8)~1.4×10^(8)元,运行成本增加1.6~1.8元t,土地占用面积增加2000 m 2.以某中等城市为例,提标到最严格的一级限值最高需要增加投资成本24.4×10^(8)~31.1×10^(8)元,新增运行成本13.0×10^(8)~14.6×10^(8)元a,增加占地面积6.8×10^(4) m 2.研究显示,城镇污水处理厂出水可直接与水质改善目标相衔接,且将大幅度增加污水处理厂的成本.展开更多
Cosmetics made from natural ingredients are becoming more and more common because they contain bioactive compounds that provide many health benefits,are more environmentally friendly and sustainable.Anoectochilus roxb...Cosmetics made from natural ingredients are becoming more and more common because they contain bioactive compounds that provide many health benefits,are more environmentally friendly and sustainable.Anoectochilus roxburghii(AR)is a precious Chinese herb in China,possessing bioactive components including flavonoids,polysaccharides,volatile oils,kinsenoside,etc.Due to its unique bioactivity and high safety,the prospect of development and utilization is very broad.In this paper,the extraction,separation and purification techniques of AR’s flavonoid,polysaccharides,volatile oils and kinsenoside are briefly summarized.Meanwhile,we discusses their conformational relationships in cosmetics with antioxidant,whitening,antibacterial and soothing effect,and looks forward to the study of Anoectochilus roxburghii in the field of cosmetics,with a view to providing references to the development and utilization of this resource in the field of cosmetics.展开更多
Cannabis sativa has a long history of medication,which is often medicated with seeds.Moreover,cannabidiol(CBD),the active ingredient extracted from the flowers and leaves of industrial hemp,has high medicinal value.Wi...Cannabis sativa has a long history of medication,which is often medicated with seeds.Moreover,cannabidiol(CBD),the active ingredient extracted from the flowers and leaves of industrial hemp,has high medicinal value.With the acceptance of CBD by the World Health Organization(WHO)in 2017 and being in the international list as a non-controlled substance,the international strict policy on industrial hemp has been slowly liberalized.It has been proved that the industrial hemp has great economic value and application potential in many aspects.In order to make better use of the unique efficacy of industrial hemp,the definition of industrial hemp and its current laws in the domestic and overseas are systematically studied and summarized in this paper.At the same time,the research status of hemp seed oil and hemp leaves extractive in cosmetics is expounded,which is helpful to the comprehensive development and application of industrial hemp.展开更多
文摘为了解城镇污水处理厂不同提标改造要求对成本的影响程度,围绕水环境质量改善目标,提出城镇污水处理厂排放限值的分级体系设计.在排放浓度分级方面,梳理现行国家和地方城镇污水处理厂排放标准,将其主要水污染物的排放浓度限值分为四级,按照从宽到严的顺序,分别为GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准(四级)、GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》中准Ⅴ类水质标准(三级)、准Ⅳ类水质标准(二级)和准Ⅲ类水质标准(一级)的浓度水平,并对从四级分别提高到三级、二级和一级排放限值进行技术经济评估.结果表明:对于一座设计规模为10×10^(4) t/d的城镇污水处理厂,由四级分别提高到三级、二级和一级,需增加的成本和占地面积逐步提高.当排放限值从四级提高到一级时,成本与占地面积增加最多,其中投资成本增加1.1×10^(8)~1.4×10^(8)元,运行成本增加1.6~1.8元t,土地占用面积增加2000 m 2.以某中等城市为例,提标到最严格的一级限值最高需要增加投资成本24.4×10^(8)~31.1×10^(8)元,新增运行成本13.0×10^(8)~14.6×10^(8)元a,增加占地面积6.8×10^(4) m 2.研究显示,城镇污水处理厂出水可直接与水质改善目标相衔接,且将大幅度增加污水处理厂的成本.
文摘Cosmetics made from natural ingredients are becoming more and more common because they contain bioactive compounds that provide many health benefits,are more environmentally friendly and sustainable.Anoectochilus roxburghii(AR)is a precious Chinese herb in China,possessing bioactive components including flavonoids,polysaccharides,volatile oils,kinsenoside,etc.Due to its unique bioactivity and high safety,the prospect of development and utilization is very broad.In this paper,the extraction,separation and purification techniques of AR’s flavonoid,polysaccharides,volatile oils and kinsenoside are briefly summarized.Meanwhile,we discusses their conformational relationships in cosmetics with antioxidant,whitening,antibacterial and soothing effect,and looks forward to the study of Anoectochilus roxburghii in the field of cosmetics,with a view to providing references to the development and utilization of this resource in the field of cosmetics.
文摘Cannabis sativa has a long history of medication,which is often medicated with seeds.Moreover,cannabidiol(CBD),the active ingredient extracted from the flowers and leaves of industrial hemp,has high medicinal value.With the acceptance of CBD by the World Health Organization(WHO)in 2017 and being in the international list as a non-controlled substance,the international strict policy on industrial hemp has been slowly liberalized.It has been proved that the industrial hemp has great economic value and application potential in many aspects.In order to make better use of the unique efficacy of industrial hemp,the definition of industrial hemp and its current laws in the domestic and overseas are systematically studied and summarized in this paper.At the same time,the research status of hemp seed oil and hemp leaves extractive in cosmetics is expounded,which is helpful to the comprehensive development and application of industrial hemp.
