Mineral carbonation is a promising CO_(2) sequestration strategy that can utilize industrial wastes to convert CO_(2) into high-value CaCO_(3).This review summarizes the advancements in CO_(2) mineralization using typ...Mineral carbonation is a promising CO_(2) sequestration strategy that can utilize industrial wastes to convert CO_(2) into high-value CaCO_(3).This review summarizes the advancements in CO_(2) mineralization using typical industrial wastes to prepare ultrafine CaCO_(3).This work surveys the mechanisms of CO_(2) mineralization using these wastes and its capacities to synthesize CaCO_(3),evaluates the effects of carbonation pathways and operating parameters on the preparation of CaCO_(3),analyzes the current industrial application status and economics of this technology.Due to the large amount of impurities in solid wastes,the purity of CaCO_(3) prepared by indirect methods is greater than that prepared by direct methods.Crystalline CaCO_(3) includes three polymorphs.The polymorph of CaCO_(3) synthesized by carbonation process is determined the combined effects of various factors.These parameters essentially impact the nucleation and growth of CaCO_(3) by altering the CO_(2) supersaturation in the reaction system and the surface energy of CaCO_(3) grains.Increasing the initial pH of the solution and the CO_(2)flow rate favors the formation of vaterite,but calcite is formed under excessively high pH.Vaterite formation is favored at lower temperatures and residence time.With increased temperature and prolonged residence time,it passes through aragonite metastable phase and eventually transforms into calcite.Moreover,polymorph modifiers can decrease the surface energy of CaCO_(3) grains,facilitating the synthesis of vaterite.However,the large-scale application of this technology still faces many problems,including high costs,high energy consumption,low calcium leaching rate,low carbonation efficiency,and low product yield.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate ways to accelerate carbonation,optimize operating parameters,develop cost-effective agents,and understand the kinetics of CaCO_(3) nucleation and crystallization to obtain products with specific crystal forms.Furthermore,more studies on life cycle assessment(LCA)should be conducted to fully confirm the feasibility of the developed technologies.展开更多
The control problem of multiple-flexible-link manipulators( MFLMs) is studied in this paper.The dynamic model of MFLM is derived and separated into two-time scale by utilizing the singular perturbation technique. The ...The control problem of multiple-flexible-link manipulators( MFLMs) is studied in this paper.The dynamic model of MFLM is derived and separated into two-time scale by utilizing the singular perturbation technique. The active disturbance rejection control( ADRC) is adopted to the slow subsystem to track a desired trajectory. The proposed ADRC structure preshapes the desired trajectory by utilizing the tracking differentiator,estimates the disturbance and internal states with an extended state observer,and guarantees a robust performance by combining a feedback controller with a feedforward term. Two types of feedback controllers are designed,proportional derivative( PD) controller and nonlinear PD( NPD) controller. For the fast subsystem,a fast stabilizing control is designed according to the standard linear quadratic regulator approach. Simulations are performed to evaluate the proposed control scheme.Results show that,compared with the traditional PD controller,the ADRC structure based control scheme has smaller overshot and shorter settling time,suppresses vibration quickly,and is robust to the maneuver speed. In general,the control scheme utilizing ADRC structure and NPD feedback controller shows better performance.展开更多
Complex systems exist widely,including medicines from natural products,functional foods,and biological samples.The biological activity of complex systems is often the result of the synergistic effect of multiple compo...Complex systems exist widely,including medicines from natural products,functional foods,and biological samples.The biological activity of complex systems is often the result of the synergistic effect of multiple components.In the quality evaluation of complex samples,multicomponent quantitative analysis(MCQA)is usually needed.To overcome the difficulty in obtaining standard products,scholars have proposed achieving MCQA through the“single standard to determine multiple components(SSDMC)”approach.This method has been used in the determination of multicomponent content in natural source drugs and the analysis of impurities in chemical drugs and has been included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Depending on a convenient(ultra)high-performance liquid chromatography method,how can the repeatability and robustness of the MCQA method be improved?How can the chromatography conditions be optimized to improve the number of quantitative components?How can computer software technology be introduced to improve the efficiency of multicomponent analysis(MCA)?These are the key problems that remain to be solved in practical MCQA.First,this review article summarizes the calculation methods of relative correction factors in the SSDMC approach in the past five years,as well as the method robustness and accuracy evaluation.Second,it also summarizes methods to improve peak capacity and quantitative accuracy in MCA,including column selection and twodimensional chromatographic analysis technology.Finally,computer software technologies for predicting chromatographic conditions and analytical parameters are introduced,which provides an idea for intelligent method development in MCA.This paper aims to provide methodological ideas for the improvement of complex system analysis,especially MCQA.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to provide technical standards for domestic Spathiphyllum variety description and resource evaluation.[Methods]Through field trials and character surveys of the collected 83 Spathi...[Objectives]This study was conducted to provide technical standards for domestic Spathiphyllum variety description and resource evaluation.[Methods]Through field trials and character surveys of the collected 83 Spathiphyllum varieties,after several revisions by fellow experts,and with reference to the Guidelines for Testing the Specificity,Consistency and Stability of New Plant Varieties:Spathiphyllum(TG/135/3)issued by the International Union For The Protection of New Varieties of Plants,the DUS testing guidelines for Spathiphyllum have been developed,and statistical analysis and other methods were used to study the traits for the guideline.[Results]Thirty two testing traits,including 11 mandatory traits,8 basic traits,10 new traits,and 3 optional traits were finally determined;five traits including plant height,plant width,and leaf length were divided into 7 grades,and 9 traits such as leaf width,spathe length,and spathe width were divided into 5 levels;and the observation method and trait code of the trait spathe depth were adjusted.[Conclusions]The development of this guideline provides a basis for judging the specificity,consistency and stability of Spathiphyllum varieties,and is of great significance to the breeding and protection of Spathiphyllum varieties.展开更多
This paper aimed to optimize extracting conditions of SOD in Sedum aizoon by response surface method. First,the single factor optimization tests were carried out. Three single factors were time,p H and liquid-solid ra...This paper aimed to optimize extracting conditions of SOD in Sedum aizoon by response surface method. First,the single factor optimization tests were carried out. Three single factors were time,p H and liquid-solid ratio respectively. By Design expert 8. 0. 5 software,17 kinds of test scheme were designed. The protein yield of each scheme was obtained,and Design expert 8. 0. 5 software was used to conduct variance analysis and interactive analysis among factors,to obtain the corresponding mathematical model. The results showed that in single factor experiments,the optimal time was 1 h,p H was 7. 8,and liquid-solid ratio was 15:1. The interactive analysis indicated that the optimal scheme for extracting SOD in Sedum aizoon was time of 0. 98 h,p H of 7. 79,liquid-solid ratio of 13. 71:1. By the method of pyrogallol autoxidation,the extracted SOD enzyme activity was measured,namely 12 U/g. The results could provide a reference for further utilization and research of Sedum aizoon resource.展开更多
Lead (Pb) is an environmental pollutant extremely toxic to plants and other living organisms including humans. In order to research the relieve effect of Bacillus subtilis QM3 on wheat roots (Triticum aestivum L.), af...Lead (Pb) is an environmental pollutant extremely toxic to plants and other living organisms including humans. In order to research the relieve effect of Bacillus subtilis QM3 on wheat roots (Triticum aestivum L.), after wheat seeds germination for two days, wheat root caused, the experimental materials were divided into four large groups and each large group was placed in 6 petri dishes as six small groups, and then four large groups respectively cultivated with sterile water (CK), 108 CFU/ml B. subtilis QM3 (B1), 107 CFU/ml B. subtilis QM3 (B2) and 106 CFU/ml B. subtilis QM3 (B3) for 2 days, after that stressed with lead nitrate, Pb (NO)2, Pb2+ concentration calculation at five concentrations (50, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/L), sterile water and different Pb2+ concentration liquid respectively cultivated the 6 small groups in each large group measuring root morpholog and assaying changes of antioxidant enzyme activity. The results showed that: with the increase of the Pb2+ concentration, root morphology index and the activity of antioxidant enzyme increased first and then decreased. Root morphology index reached the maximum in 50 mg/L Pb2+ concentration. B. subtilis QM3 clearly promoted the growth of the root and the antioxidant enzyme activity (p 0.05). Without Pb stress, B. subtilis QM3 had the best improving effect on root morphology. When Pb2+ concentration was 50 mg/L, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) reached the maximum. SOD activity, compared with CK, B1, B2 and B3 respectively, increased by 8.05%, 27.41% and 9.79%. APX activity, compared with CK, B1, B2 and B3 respectively, increased by 52.70%, 111.15% and 14.16%. Catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) reached the maximum at the Pb2+ concentration was 500 mg/L. CAT activity, compared with CK, B1, B2 and B3 respectively, increased by 59.93%, 83.46% and 70.59%. POD activity, compared with CK, B1, B2 and B3 respectively, increased by 2.88%, 10.11% and 7.67%. Result suggested that B. subtilis QM3 could improve root growth and antioxidant enzyme activity of the wheat root under lead stress.展开更多
Gradient ultra-fine grained surface layer in 6063 aluminum alloy was obtained by means of a novel surface self-nanocrystallization technique,namely rotational accelerated shot peening(RASP)treatment.The average grain ...Gradient ultra-fine grained surface layer in 6063 aluminum alloy was obtained by means of a novel surface self-nanocrystallization technique,namely rotational accelerated shot peening(RASP)treatment.The average grain sizes along the vertical section vary from hundreds of nanometers in the top surface to micrometers in the matrix.By using orthogonal experimental design to compare roughness values and hardness values,we synthesized the processing parameters to obtain sample of smaller roughness values and higher hardness.展开更多
Chemoresistance is a significant barrier to effective cancer treatment.Potential mechanisms for chemoresistance include reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation and expression of chemoresistance-promoting genes.Here,w...Chemoresistance is a significant barrier to effective cancer treatment.Potential mechanisms for chemoresistance include reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation and expression of chemoresistance-promoting genes.Here,we report a novel function of lncRNA16 in the inhibition of ROS generation and the progression of chemoresistance.By analyzing the serum levels of lncRNA16 in a cohort of 35 patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and paired serum samples pre-and post-treatment from 10 NSCLC patients receiving neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy,performing immunohistochemistry(IHC)assays on 188 NSCLC tumor samples,using comprehensive identification of RNA-binding proteins by mass spectrometry(ChIRP-MS)assays,as well as RNA immunoprecipitation(RIP)and RNA pull-down analyses,we discovered that patients with increased serum levels of lncRNA16 exhibited a poor response to platinum-based chemotherapy.The expression of hemoglobin subunit beta(HBB)and NDUFAF5 significantly increases with the development of chemoresistance.LncRNA16 binds to HBB and promotes HBB accumulation by inhibiting autophagy.LncRNA16 can also inhibit ROS generation via the HBB/NDUFAF5 axis and function as a scaffold to facilitate the colocalization of HBB and NDUFAF5 in the mitochondria.Importantly,preclinical studies in mouse models of chemo-resistant NSCLC have suggested that lncRNA16 targeting by trivalent N-acetylgalactosamine(GalNAc)-conjugated siRNA restores chemosensitivity and results in tumor growth inhibition with no detectable toxicity in vivo.Overall,lncRNA16 is a promising therapeutic target for overcoming chemoresistance,and the combination of first-line platinum-based chemotherapy with lncRNA16 intervention can substantially enhance anti-tumor efficacy.展开更多
Background Nanoparticles(NPs)are a class of substances that can be loaded with therapeutic agents delivered to specific areas.In our earlier research,we identified a neuron-derived circular RNA(circRNA),circular oxogl...Background Nanoparticles(NPs)are a class of substances that can be loaded with therapeutic agents delivered to specific areas.In our earlier research,we identified a neuron-derived circular RNA(circRNA),circular oxoglutarate dehydrogenase(CircOGDH),as a promising therapeutic target for acute ischaemic stroke.This study dedicated to explore a prospective preliminary strategy of CircOGDH-based NP delivered to the ischaemic penumbra region in middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion(MCAO/R)mice.Methods Immunofluorescence in primary cortex neurons and in vivo fluorescence imaging revealed endocytosis of Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA)poly amidoamine(PAMAM)@CircOGDH small interfering RNA(siRNA)NPs.Western blotting analysis and CCK8 assay were performed to evaluate the apoptotic level in ischaemic neurons treated with PLGA–PAMAM@CircOGDH siRNA NPs.Quantitative reverse transcription PCR experiments,mice behaviour test,T2 MRI analysis,Nissl and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)co-staining were performed to evaluate the apoptosis level of ischaemic penumbra neurons in MCAO/R mice.Biosafety evaluation of NPs in MCAO/R mice was detected by blood routine examination,liver and kidney function examination and HE staining.Results PLGA–PAMAM@CircOGDH siRNA NPs were successfully assembled.Endocytosis of PLGA–PAMAM@CircOGDH siRNA NPs in ischaemic neurons alleviated neuronal apoptotic level in vitro and in vivo.Furthermore,mice behaviour test showed that the neurological defects of MCAO/R mice were significantly alleviated after the tail injection of PLGA–PAMAM@CircOGDH siRNA NPs,and no toxic effects were observed.Conclusion In conclusion,our results suggest that PLGA–PAMAM@CircOGDH siRNA NPs can be delivered to the ischaemic penumbra region and alleviate neuron apoptosis in MCAO/R mice and in ischaemic neurons;therefore,our study provides a desirable approach for using circRNA-based NPs for the treatment of ischaemic stroke.展开更多
Real-time 6 Degree-of-Freedom(DoF)pose estimation is of paramount importance for various on-orbit tasks.Benefiting from the development of deep learning,Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)in feature extraction has yie...Real-time 6 Degree-of-Freedom(DoF)pose estimation is of paramount importance for various on-orbit tasks.Benefiting from the development of deep learning,Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)in feature extraction has yielded impressive achievements for spacecraft pose estimation.To improve the robustness and interpretability of CNNs,this paper proposes a Pose Estimation approach based on Variational Auto-Encoder structure(PE-VAE)and a Feature-Aided pose estimation approach based on Variational Auto-Encoder structure(FA-VAE),which aim to accurately estimate the 6 DoF pose of a target spacecraft.Both methods treat the pose vector as latent variables,employing an encoder-decoder network with a Variational Auto-Encoder(VAE)structure.To enhance the precision of pose estimation,PE-VAE uses the VAE structure to introduce reconstruction mechanism with the whole image.Furthermore,FA-VAE enforces feature shape constraints by exclusively reconstructing the segment of the target spacecraft with the desired shape.Comparative evaluation against leading methods on public datasets reveals similar accuracy with a threefold improvement in processing speed,showcasing the significant contribution of VAE structures to accuracy enhancement,and the additional benefit of incorporating global shape prior features.展开更多
Under the dual-carbon target, CO_(2) mineralization through solid wastes presents a mutually beneficial approach for permanent carbon emission reduction at a low material cost, while also enabling the resource utiliza...Under the dual-carbon target, CO_(2) mineralization through solid wastes presents a mutually beneficial approach for permanent carbon emission reduction at a low material cost, while also enabling the resource utilization of these wastes. However, despite its potential, a comprehensive understanding about the effect of industrial solid waste properties and operating parameters on the carbonation process, and the mechanism of direct aqueous carbonation is still lacking. A series of experiments were conducted to compare the carbonation performance of fly ash, steel slag, and carbide slag. Subsequently, CO_(2) mineralization by carbide slag was systematically studied under various operating parameters due to its high CO_(2) sequestration capacity. Results showed the reactivity of CaO and Ca(OH)2 was higher than that of CaO·SiO_(2) and 2CaO·SiO_(2). Carbide slag demonstrated a sequestration capacity of 610.8 g CO_(2)/kg and carbonation efficiency ζCa of 62.04% under the conditions of 65 ℃, 1.5 MPa initial CO_(2) pressure, 15 mL/g liquid-to-solid ratio, and 200 r/min stirring speed. Moreover, the formation of carbonates was confirmed through XRD, SEM-EDS, TG, and FTIR. A mechanism analysis revealed that initially, the rate of the carbonation process was primarily controlled by the mass transfer of CO_(2) in the gas–liquid interface. However, the rate-determining step gradually shifted to the mass transfer of Ca2+ in the solid–liquid interface as the reaction time increased. This study lays the foundation for the large-scale implementation of CO_(2) sequestration through carbide slag carbonation.展开更多
CH_(4) emission rates followed an increased pattern during the growing season at Tibetan Plateau.•Unique genes carried by abundant species were positively correlated with CH_(4) emission rates.•Climate factors influen...CH_(4) emission rates followed an increased pattern during the growing season at Tibetan Plateau.•Unique genes carried by abundant species were positively correlated with CH_(4) emission rates.•Climate factors influenced CH_(4) emission rates by regulating microbial community and their genes.Microorganisms play pivotal roles in soil methane(CH_(4))emissions and their functional genes are origins of a key mechanism for soil CH4-cycling.However,understanding of the roles of specific genes(e.g.,unique or shared genes carried by species)underlying CH_(4)-cycling remains elusive.Here,we measured CH_(4) emission rates and investigated variations in microbial community and the abundance of genes carried by species during the growing season in alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau.We discovered that CH_(4) emission rates increased from 394.4,745.9,and 1092.7µg CH4 m−2 h−1,in April,June,and August,respectively,and had a positive correlation with unique genes carried by abundant species during the growing season.Moreover,we found that unique genes carried by abundant species involved in methanogenesis processes have a higher abundance than methanotrophic processes.Further analysis indicated that climate factors(i.e.,mean monthly temperature(MMT)and mean monthly precipitation(MMP))influenced microbial community and their functional genes,and therefore affected the CH_(4) emission rates.Overall,the present study provides a novel insight into the variation of soil CH4 emissions from a functional gene perspective,highlighting the important roles of unique genes carried by abundant species in CH4 emissions in the Tibetan Plateau under seasonal variation.展开更多
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)is a metabolic disease that can progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH),cirrhosis,and cancer.The zonal distribution of biomolec...Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)is a metabolic disease that can progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH),cirrhosis,and cancer.The zonal distribution of biomolecules in the liver is implicated in mediat-ing the disease progression.Recently,G-protein-coupled receptor 35(GPR35)has been highlighted to play a role in MASLD,but the precise mechanism is not fully understood,particularly,in a liver-zonal manner.Here,we aimed to identify spatially distributed specific genes and metabolites in different liver zonation that are regulated by GPR35 in MASLD,by combining lipid metabolomics,spatial transcriptomics(ST),and spatial metabolomics(SM).We found that GPR35 influenced lipid accumulation,inflammatory and metabolism-related factors in specific regions,notably affecting the anti-inflammation factor ELF4(E74 like E-twenty six(ETS)tran-scription factor 4),lipid homeostasis key factor CIDEA(cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor alpha(DFFA)-like effector A),and the injury response-related genes SAA1/2/3(serum amyloid A1/2/3),thereby impacting MASLD progression.Furthermore,SM elucidated specific metabolite distributions across different liver regions,such as C10H11N4O7P(3ʹ,5ʹ-cyclic inosine monophosphate(3ʹ,5ʹ-IMP))for the central vein,and this metabolite significantly decreased in the liver zones of GPR35-deficient mice during MASLD progression.Taken together,GPR35 regulates hepatocyte damage repair,controls inflammation,and prevents MASLD progression by influencing phospholipid homeostasis and gene expression in a zonal manner.展开更多
Much progress has been made in the development of automotive transmissions over the past 20 years,e.g.,an increased speed number,expanded ratio spread and improved efficiency and shift quality.Automotive transmissions...Much progress has been made in the development of automotive transmissions over the past 20 years,e.g.,an increased speed number,expanded ratio spread and improved efficiency and shift quality.Automotive transmissions are moving toward electrification in response to stringent legislation on emissions and the pressing demand for better fuel economy.This paper reviews progress in automotive transmission technology.Assisted by computer-aided programs,new transmission schemes are constantly being developed.We therefore first introduce the synthesis of the transmission scheme and parameter optimization.We then discuss the progress in the transmission technology of a conventional internal combustion engine vehicle in terms of new layouts;improved efficiency;noise,vibration and harshness technology;and the shifting strategy and control technology.As the major development trend,transmission electrification is subsequently discussed;this discussion includes the configuration design,energy management strategy,hybrid mode shifting control,single-speed and multi-speed electric vehicle transmission and distributed electric drive.Finally,a summary and outlook are presented for conventional automotive transmissions,hybrid transmissions and electric vehicle transmissions.展开更多
基金support was received the Science&Technology Foundation of RIPP(PR20230092,PR20230259)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278419)the Key Core Technology Research(Social Development)Foundation of Suzhou(2023ss06).
文摘Mineral carbonation is a promising CO_(2) sequestration strategy that can utilize industrial wastes to convert CO_(2) into high-value CaCO_(3).This review summarizes the advancements in CO_(2) mineralization using typical industrial wastes to prepare ultrafine CaCO_(3).This work surveys the mechanisms of CO_(2) mineralization using these wastes and its capacities to synthesize CaCO_(3),evaluates the effects of carbonation pathways and operating parameters on the preparation of CaCO_(3),analyzes the current industrial application status and economics of this technology.Due to the large amount of impurities in solid wastes,the purity of CaCO_(3) prepared by indirect methods is greater than that prepared by direct methods.Crystalline CaCO_(3) includes three polymorphs.The polymorph of CaCO_(3) synthesized by carbonation process is determined the combined effects of various factors.These parameters essentially impact the nucleation and growth of CaCO_(3) by altering the CO_(2) supersaturation in the reaction system and the surface energy of CaCO_(3) grains.Increasing the initial pH of the solution and the CO_(2)flow rate favors the formation of vaterite,but calcite is formed under excessively high pH.Vaterite formation is favored at lower temperatures and residence time.With increased temperature and prolonged residence time,it passes through aragonite metastable phase and eventually transforms into calcite.Moreover,polymorph modifiers can decrease the surface energy of CaCO_(3) grains,facilitating the synthesis of vaterite.However,the large-scale application of this technology still faces many problems,including high costs,high energy consumption,low calcium leaching rate,low carbonation efficiency,and low product yield.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate ways to accelerate carbonation,optimize operating parameters,develop cost-effective agents,and understand the kinetics of CaCO_(3) nucleation and crystallization to obtain products with specific crystal forms.Furthermore,more studies on life cycle assessment(LCA)should be conducted to fully confirm the feasibility of the developed technologies.
基金Sponsored by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2014M560255)the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System(HIT)(Grant No.SKLRS-2013-ZD-05)+1 种基金the Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Found(Grant No.LBH-Z14107)the Special Foundation of Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Science(Grant No.LBH-TZ1609)
文摘The control problem of multiple-flexible-link manipulators( MFLMs) is studied in this paper.The dynamic model of MFLM is derived and separated into two-time scale by utilizing the singular perturbation technique. The active disturbance rejection control( ADRC) is adopted to the slow subsystem to track a desired trajectory. The proposed ADRC structure preshapes the desired trajectory by utilizing the tracking differentiator,estimates the disturbance and internal states with an extended state observer,and guarantees a robust performance by combining a feedback controller with a feedforward term. Two types of feedback controllers are designed,proportional derivative( PD) controller and nonlinear PD( NPD) controller. For the fast subsystem,a fast stabilizing control is designed according to the standard linear quadratic regulator approach. Simulations are performed to evaluate the proposed control scheme.Results show that,compared with the traditional PD controller,the ADRC structure based control scheme has smaller overshot and shorter settling time,suppresses vibration quickly,and is robust to the maneuver speed. In general,the control scheme utilizing ADRC structure and NPD feedback controller shows better performance.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:81803734)National S&T Major Special Project for New Innovative Drugs Sponsored(Grant No.:2019ZX09201005).
文摘Complex systems exist widely,including medicines from natural products,functional foods,and biological samples.The biological activity of complex systems is often the result of the synergistic effect of multiple components.In the quality evaluation of complex samples,multicomponent quantitative analysis(MCQA)is usually needed.To overcome the difficulty in obtaining standard products,scholars have proposed achieving MCQA through the“single standard to determine multiple components(SSDMC)”approach.This method has been used in the determination of multicomponent content in natural source drugs and the analysis of impurities in chemical drugs and has been included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Depending on a convenient(ultra)high-performance liquid chromatography method,how can the repeatability and robustness of the MCQA method be improved?How can the chromatography conditions be optimized to improve the number of quantitative components?How can computer software technology be introduced to improve the efficiency of multicomponent analysis(MCA)?These are the key problems that remain to be solved in practical MCQA.First,this review article summarizes the calculation methods of relative correction factors in the SSDMC approach in the past five years,as well as the method robustness and accuracy evaluation.Second,it also summarizes methods to improve peak capacity and quantitative accuracy in MCA,including column selection and twodimensional chromatographic analysis technology.Finally,computer software technologies for predicting chromatographic conditions and analytical parameters are introduced,which provides an idea for intelligent method development in MCA.This paper aims to provide methodological ideas for the improvement of complex system analysis,especially MCQA.
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to provide technical standards for domestic Spathiphyllum variety description and resource evaluation.[Methods]Through field trials and character surveys of the collected 83 Spathiphyllum varieties,after several revisions by fellow experts,and with reference to the Guidelines for Testing the Specificity,Consistency and Stability of New Plant Varieties:Spathiphyllum(TG/135/3)issued by the International Union For The Protection of New Varieties of Plants,the DUS testing guidelines for Spathiphyllum have been developed,and statistical analysis and other methods were used to study the traits for the guideline.[Results]Thirty two testing traits,including 11 mandatory traits,8 basic traits,10 new traits,and 3 optional traits were finally determined;five traits including plant height,plant width,and leaf length were divided into 7 grades,and 9 traits such as leaf width,spathe length,and spathe width were divided into 5 levels;and the observation method and trait code of the trait spathe depth were adjusted.[Conclusions]The development of this guideline provides a basis for judging the specificity,consistency and stability of Spathiphyllum varieties,and is of great significance to the breeding and protection of Spathiphyllum varieties.
文摘This paper aimed to optimize extracting conditions of SOD in Sedum aizoon by response surface method. First,the single factor optimization tests were carried out. Three single factors were time,p H and liquid-solid ratio respectively. By Design expert 8. 0. 5 software,17 kinds of test scheme were designed. The protein yield of each scheme was obtained,and Design expert 8. 0. 5 software was used to conduct variance analysis and interactive analysis among factors,to obtain the corresponding mathematical model. The results showed that in single factor experiments,the optimal time was 1 h,p H was 7. 8,and liquid-solid ratio was 15:1. The interactive analysis indicated that the optimal scheme for extracting SOD in Sedum aizoon was time of 0. 98 h,p H of 7. 79,liquid-solid ratio of 13. 71:1. By the method of pyrogallol autoxidation,the extracted SOD enzyme activity was measured,namely 12 U/g. The results could provide a reference for further utilization and research of Sedum aizoon resource.
文摘Lead (Pb) is an environmental pollutant extremely toxic to plants and other living organisms including humans. In order to research the relieve effect of Bacillus subtilis QM3 on wheat roots (Triticum aestivum L.), after wheat seeds germination for two days, wheat root caused, the experimental materials were divided into four large groups and each large group was placed in 6 petri dishes as six small groups, and then four large groups respectively cultivated with sterile water (CK), 108 CFU/ml B. subtilis QM3 (B1), 107 CFU/ml B. subtilis QM3 (B2) and 106 CFU/ml B. subtilis QM3 (B3) for 2 days, after that stressed with lead nitrate, Pb (NO)2, Pb2+ concentration calculation at five concentrations (50, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/L), sterile water and different Pb2+ concentration liquid respectively cultivated the 6 small groups in each large group measuring root morpholog and assaying changes of antioxidant enzyme activity. The results showed that: with the increase of the Pb2+ concentration, root morphology index and the activity of antioxidant enzyme increased first and then decreased. Root morphology index reached the maximum in 50 mg/L Pb2+ concentration. B. subtilis QM3 clearly promoted the growth of the root and the antioxidant enzyme activity (p 0.05). Without Pb stress, B. subtilis QM3 had the best improving effect on root morphology. When Pb2+ concentration was 50 mg/L, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) reached the maximum. SOD activity, compared with CK, B1, B2 and B3 respectively, increased by 8.05%, 27.41% and 9.79%. APX activity, compared with CK, B1, B2 and B3 respectively, increased by 52.70%, 111.15% and 14.16%. Catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) reached the maximum at the Pb2+ concentration was 500 mg/L. CAT activity, compared with CK, B1, B2 and B3 respectively, increased by 59.93%, 83.46% and 70.59%. POD activity, compared with CK, B1, B2 and B3 respectively, increased by 2.88%, 10.11% and 7.67%. Result suggested that B. subtilis QM3 could improve root growth and antioxidant enzyme activity of the wheat root under lead stress.
基金funded by NSFC(Grant No.51301092)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0204403)Open Research Fund of Science and Technology on High Strength Structural Materials Laboratory(No.O2016006).
文摘Gradient ultra-fine grained surface layer in 6063 aluminum alloy was obtained by means of a novel surface self-nanocrystallization technique,namely rotational accelerated shot peening(RASP)treatment.The average grain sizes along the vertical section vary from hundreds of nanometers in the top surface to micrometers in the matrix.By using orthogonal experimental design to compare roughness values and hardness values,we synthesized the processing parameters to obtain sample of smaller roughness values and higher hardness.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81972842, 82373082, 81988101, 82173152)
文摘Chemoresistance is a significant barrier to effective cancer treatment.Potential mechanisms for chemoresistance include reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation and expression of chemoresistance-promoting genes.Here,we report a novel function of lncRNA16 in the inhibition of ROS generation and the progression of chemoresistance.By analyzing the serum levels of lncRNA16 in a cohort of 35 patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and paired serum samples pre-and post-treatment from 10 NSCLC patients receiving neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy,performing immunohistochemistry(IHC)assays on 188 NSCLC tumor samples,using comprehensive identification of RNA-binding proteins by mass spectrometry(ChIRP-MS)assays,as well as RNA immunoprecipitation(RIP)and RNA pull-down analyses,we discovered that patients with increased serum levels of lncRNA16 exhibited a poor response to platinum-based chemotherapy.The expression of hemoglobin subunit beta(HBB)and NDUFAF5 significantly increases with the development of chemoresistance.LncRNA16 binds to HBB and promotes HBB accumulation by inhibiting autophagy.LncRNA16 can also inhibit ROS generation via the HBB/NDUFAF5 axis and function as a scaffold to facilitate the colocalization of HBB and NDUFAF5 in the mitochondria.Importantly,preclinical studies in mouse models of chemo-resistant NSCLC have suggested that lncRNA16 targeting by trivalent N-acetylgalactosamine(GalNAc)-conjugated siRNA restores chemosensitivity and results in tumor growth inhibition with no detectable toxicity in vivo.Overall,lncRNA16 is a promising therapeutic target for overcoming chemoresistance,and the combination of first-line platinum-based chemotherapy with lncRNA16 intervention can substantially enhance anti-tumor efficacy.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81801150,81971121,82271304,82171316 and 81671167)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China(2017A020215049 and 2019A050513005)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2018A0303130182,2020A1515010279 and 2022A1515012311)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(21621102)Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou,China(2014Y2-00505,202002020003,202201010127 and 202201020042)Clinical Frontier Technology Program of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University,China(JNU1AF-CFTP-2022-a01203).
文摘Background Nanoparticles(NPs)are a class of substances that can be loaded with therapeutic agents delivered to specific areas.In our earlier research,we identified a neuron-derived circular RNA(circRNA),circular oxoglutarate dehydrogenase(CircOGDH),as a promising therapeutic target for acute ischaemic stroke.This study dedicated to explore a prospective preliminary strategy of CircOGDH-based NP delivered to the ischaemic penumbra region in middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion(MCAO/R)mice.Methods Immunofluorescence in primary cortex neurons and in vivo fluorescence imaging revealed endocytosis of Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA)poly amidoamine(PAMAM)@CircOGDH small interfering RNA(siRNA)NPs.Western blotting analysis and CCK8 assay were performed to evaluate the apoptotic level in ischaemic neurons treated with PLGA–PAMAM@CircOGDH siRNA NPs.Quantitative reverse transcription PCR experiments,mice behaviour test,T2 MRI analysis,Nissl and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)co-staining were performed to evaluate the apoptosis level of ischaemic penumbra neurons in MCAO/R mice.Biosafety evaluation of NPs in MCAO/R mice was detected by blood routine examination,liver and kidney function examination and HE staining.Results PLGA–PAMAM@CircOGDH siRNA NPs were successfully assembled.Endocytosis of PLGA–PAMAM@CircOGDH siRNA NPs in ischaemic neurons alleviated neuronal apoptotic level in vitro and in vivo.Furthermore,mice behaviour test showed that the neurological defects of MCAO/R mice were significantly alleviated after the tail injection of PLGA–PAMAM@CircOGDH siRNA NPs,and no toxic effects were observed.Conclusion In conclusion,our results suggest that PLGA–PAMAM@CircOGDH siRNA NPs can be delivered to the ischaemic penumbra region and alleviate neuron apoptosis in MCAO/R mice and in ischaemic neurons;therefore,our study provides a desirable approach for using circRNA-based NPs for the treatment of ischaemic stroke.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52272390)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(No.YQ2022A009)the Shanghai Sailing Program,China(No.20YF1417300).
文摘Real-time 6 Degree-of-Freedom(DoF)pose estimation is of paramount importance for various on-orbit tasks.Benefiting from the development of deep learning,Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)in feature extraction has yielded impressive achievements for spacecraft pose estimation.To improve the robustness and interpretability of CNNs,this paper proposes a Pose Estimation approach based on Variational Auto-Encoder structure(PE-VAE)and a Feature-Aided pose estimation approach based on Variational Auto-Encoder structure(FA-VAE),which aim to accurately estimate the 6 DoF pose of a target spacecraft.Both methods treat the pose vector as latent variables,employing an encoder-decoder network with a Variational Auto-Encoder(VAE)structure.To enhance the precision of pose estimation,PE-VAE uses the VAE structure to introduce reconstruction mechanism with the whole image.Furthermore,FA-VAE enforces feature shape constraints by exclusively reconstructing the segment of the target spacecraft with the desired shape.Comparative evaluation against leading methods on public datasets reveals similar accuracy with a threefold improvement in processing speed,showcasing the significant contribution of VAE structures to accuracy enhancement,and the additional benefit of incorporating global shape prior features.
基金supported by China Petrochemical Corporation Scientific Research Projects(Nos.417002-4 and 418020-5).
文摘Under the dual-carbon target, CO_(2) mineralization through solid wastes presents a mutually beneficial approach for permanent carbon emission reduction at a low material cost, while also enabling the resource utilization of these wastes. However, despite its potential, a comprehensive understanding about the effect of industrial solid waste properties and operating parameters on the carbonation process, and the mechanism of direct aqueous carbonation is still lacking. A series of experiments were conducted to compare the carbonation performance of fly ash, steel slag, and carbide slag. Subsequently, CO_(2) mineralization by carbide slag was systematically studied under various operating parameters due to its high CO_(2) sequestration capacity. Results showed the reactivity of CaO and Ca(OH)2 was higher than that of CaO·SiO_(2) and 2CaO·SiO_(2). Carbide slag demonstrated a sequestration capacity of 610.8 g CO_(2)/kg and carbonation efficiency ζCa of 62.04% under the conditions of 65 ℃, 1.5 MPa initial CO_(2) pressure, 15 mL/g liquid-to-solid ratio, and 200 r/min stirring speed. Moreover, the formation of carbonates was confirmed through XRD, SEM-EDS, TG, and FTIR. A mechanism analysis revealed that initially, the rate of the carbonation process was primarily controlled by the mass transfer of CO_(2) in the gas–liquid interface. However, the rate-determining step gradually shifted to the mass transfer of Ca2+ in the solid–liquid interface as the reaction time increased. This study lays the foundation for the large-scale implementation of CO_(2) sequestration through carbide slag carbonation.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42277284)the 2021 first funds for central government to guide local science and technology development in Qinghai Province(Grant No.2021ZY002)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(Grant Nos.2019QZKK020102,2019OZKK0302).
文摘CH_(4) emission rates followed an increased pattern during the growing season at Tibetan Plateau.•Unique genes carried by abundant species were positively correlated with CH_(4) emission rates.•Climate factors influenced CH_(4) emission rates by regulating microbial community and their genes.Microorganisms play pivotal roles in soil methane(CH_(4))emissions and their functional genes are origins of a key mechanism for soil CH4-cycling.However,understanding of the roles of specific genes(e.g.,unique or shared genes carried by species)underlying CH_(4)-cycling remains elusive.Here,we measured CH_(4) emission rates and investigated variations in microbial community and the abundance of genes carried by species during the growing season in alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau.We discovered that CH_(4) emission rates increased from 394.4,745.9,and 1092.7µg CH4 m−2 h−1,in April,June,and August,respectively,and had a positive correlation with unique genes carried by abundant species during the growing season.Moreover,we found that unique genes carried by abundant species involved in methanogenesis processes have a higher abundance than methanotrophic processes.Further analysis indicated that climate factors(i.e.,mean monthly temperature(MMT)and mean monthly precipitation(MMP))influenced microbial community and their functional genes,and therefore affected the CH_(4) emission rates.Overall,the present study provides a novel insight into the variation of soil CH4 emissions from a functional gene perspective,highlighting the important roles of unique genes carried by abundant species in CH4 emissions in the Tibetan Plateau under seasonal variation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA0806503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81972625 and 32201217)+3 种基金Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC2002035)Liaoning Science and Technology Innovation Funding(20230101-JH2/1013)the Innovation Program of Science and Research from Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(DICP I202129 and DICP I202209)the Science and Technology Innovation Fund(Youth Science and Technology Star)of Dalian(2021RQ009 and 2023RQ040).
文摘Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)is a metabolic disease that can progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH),cirrhosis,and cancer.The zonal distribution of biomolecules in the liver is implicated in mediat-ing the disease progression.Recently,G-protein-coupled receptor 35(GPR35)has been highlighted to play a role in MASLD,but the precise mechanism is not fully understood,particularly,in a liver-zonal manner.Here,we aimed to identify spatially distributed specific genes and metabolites in different liver zonation that are regulated by GPR35 in MASLD,by combining lipid metabolomics,spatial transcriptomics(ST),and spatial metabolomics(SM).We found that GPR35 influenced lipid accumulation,inflammatory and metabolism-related factors in specific regions,notably affecting the anti-inflammation factor ELF4(E74 like E-twenty six(ETS)tran-scription factor 4),lipid homeostasis key factor CIDEA(cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor alpha(DFFA)-like effector A),and the injury response-related genes SAA1/2/3(serum amyloid A1/2/3),thereby impacting MASLD progression.Furthermore,SM elucidated specific metabolite distributions across different liver regions,such as C10H11N4O7P(3ʹ,5ʹ-cyclic inosine monophosphate(3ʹ,5ʹ-IMP))for the central vein,and this metabolite significantly decreased in the liver zones of GPR35-deficient mice during MASLD progression.Taken together,GPR35 regulates hepatocyte damage repair,controls inflammation,and prevents MASLD progression by influencing phospholipid homeostasis and gene expression in a zonal manner.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China“Development and Vehicle Integration of Cost-effective Commercial Vehicle Hybrid System”(Grant No.2018YFB0105900).
文摘Much progress has been made in the development of automotive transmissions over the past 20 years,e.g.,an increased speed number,expanded ratio spread and improved efficiency and shift quality.Automotive transmissions are moving toward electrification in response to stringent legislation on emissions and the pressing demand for better fuel economy.This paper reviews progress in automotive transmission technology.Assisted by computer-aided programs,new transmission schemes are constantly being developed.We therefore first introduce the synthesis of the transmission scheme and parameter optimization.We then discuss the progress in the transmission technology of a conventional internal combustion engine vehicle in terms of new layouts;improved efficiency;noise,vibration and harshness technology;and the shifting strategy and control technology.As the major development trend,transmission electrification is subsequently discussed;this discussion includes the configuration design,energy management strategy,hybrid mode shifting control,single-speed and multi-speed electric vehicle transmission and distributed electric drive.Finally,a summary and outlook are presented for conventional automotive transmissions,hybrid transmissions and electric vehicle transmissions.
