中国的可持续能源占比迅速攀升,但以煤炭为主的火力发电依然是保障电力系统持续运转的“压舱石”,也是CO_(2)的主要排放源。火力发电的碳排放量占全国总排放量的40%,是碳排放的最大来源之一。因此CO_(2)捕集技术对于电力行业的净零排放...中国的可持续能源占比迅速攀升,但以煤炭为主的火力发电依然是保障电力系统持续运转的“压舱石”,也是CO_(2)的主要排放源。火力发电的碳排放量占全国总排放量的40%,是碳排放的最大来源之一。因此CO_(2)捕集技术对于电力行业的净零排放目标至关重要。本文探讨了中国燃煤电厂在实现“双碳”目标背景下的CO_(2)捕集技术进展,有机胺化学吸收法是目前最成熟和可行的CO_(2)捕集技术,典型有机胺吸收剂包括一乙醇胺(monoethanolamine,MEA)、二乙醇胺(diethanolamine,DEA)、甲基二乙醇胺(methyldiethanolamine,MDEA)等,论述了各种有机胺化学吸收法的发展历程,并对比了常用有机胺的溶解度、反应热及优缺点。列举了国内典型的碳捕集、利用及封存(carbon capture,utilization and storage,CCUS)项目,燃煤电厂应用CCUS数量不断增加,技术成本也在下降,但示范项目规模仍较小,为了实现能耗“双控”向碳排“双控”的转变,必须充分发挥CCUS的作用,减少CO_(2)排放。虽然碳捕集技术已较为成熟,但由于成本仍然高昂、规模小以及政策缺位,商业化应用仍面临巨大的挑战;今后的发展可从降低成本(加强捕集技术研发、降低有机胺溶液再生温度)、扩大商业化应用规模(善CCUS产业链中CO_(2)产品利用)、制定相关政策等途径着手,制定为CCUS的广泛应用提供技术支撑。展开更多
四川盆地震旦系灯影组是重要的油气勘探开发层系,复杂的成岩演化和多期流体活动导致多种类型的白云岩形成。揭示震旦系白云岩的形成时代和成因不仅可以为四川盆地震旦系下一步的油气勘探提供更加充实的科学依据,也可为理解全球大规模存...四川盆地震旦系灯影组是重要的油气勘探开发层系,复杂的成岩演化和多期流体活动导致多种类型的白云岩形成。揭示震旦系白云岩的形成时代和成因不仅可以为四川盆地震旦系下一步的油气勘探提供更加充实的科学依据,也可为理解全球大规模存在前寒武纪白云岩的原因提供有益启示。本文针对川中地区震旦系灯影组“葡萄花边”白云岩的形成时代和成因进行了综合研究。岩相学研究表明,“葡萄花边”白云岩充填于藻白云岩的孔隙内,向内对称生长,结晶程度明显好于藻白云岩。在岩相学的基础上,利用激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)微区原位U-Pb定年确定其形成时代,研究结果表明:川中地区震旦系灯影组“葡萄花边”白云岩形成时代为530±12Ma~502±12Ma,略新于灯影组地层年代。结合微量元素分析以及碳-氧-锶同位素数据,对川中地区震旦系灯影组“葡萄花边”白云岩进行成因分析。结果表明,其稀土元素总量(∑REE)相对较低(0.680×10^(-6)~8.963×10^(-6)),δ13 C VPDB(-0.1‰~1.7‰)略低于与同时期海水沉积白云岩的碳同位素值,δ18 O VPDB(-2.3‰~1.4‰)略高于与同时期海水达到氧同位素平衡的白云岩氧同位素值,87 Sr/86 Sr值(0.70876~0.70909)基本落入同时期海水范围。稀土元素配分总体为水平的模式,所有样品表现出Ce负异常。表明其形成环境既非海水沉积环境,也不完全是表生大气水岩溶条件。综合上述特征,推断川中地区震旦系灯影组“葡萄花边”白云岩是在震旦纪末-寒武纪早期海平面高频低幅度波动这一背景下,灯影组地层多次暴露与淹没,形成岩溶裂缝和孔洞的同时在溶蚀空间内结晶形成。残留孔洞为其后流体活动、油气充注提供了储集空间。本研究为认识川中地区震旦系灯影组“葡萄花边”白云岩成因、震旦纪末-寒武纪早期水化学条件、及超深层油气勘探开发提供了有益参考。展开更多
The Lower Cretaceous Manville Group of Upper Mc Murray Formation is one of the main bitumen reservoirs in Athabasca.In this study,the relationship between reservoirs heterogeneity and bitumen geochemical characteristi...The Lower Cretaceous Manville Group of Upper Mc Murray Formation is one of the main bitumen reservoirs in Athabasca.In this study,the relationship between reservoirs heterogeneity and bitumen geochemical characteristics were analyzed through core and microscopic observation,lab analysis,petrophysics and logging data.Based on the sedimentology framework,the formation environment of high-quality oil sand reservoirs and their significance for development were discussed.The results indicate that four types lithofacies were recognized in the Upper Mc Murray Formation based on their depositional characteristics.Each lithofacies reservoirs has unique physical properties,and is subject to varying degrees of degradation,resulting in diversity of bitumen content and geochemical composition.The tidal bar(TB)or tidal channel(TC)facies reservoir have excellent physical properties,which are evaluated as gas or water intervals due to strong degradation.The reservoir of sand bar(SB)facies was evaluated as oil intervals,due to its poor physical properties and weak degradation.The reservoir of mixed flat(MF)facies is composed of sand intercalated with laminated shale,which is evaluated as poor oil intervals due to its poor connectivity.The shale content in oil sand reservoir is very important for the reservoir physical properties and bitumen degradation degree.In the context of regional biodegradation,oil sand reservoirs with good physical properties will suffer from strong degradation,while oil sand reservoirs with relatively poor physical properties are more conducive to the bitumen preservation.展开更多
文摘中国的可持续能源占比迅速攀升,但以煤炭为主的火力发电依然是保障电力系统持续运转的“压舱石”,也是CO_(2)的主要排放源。火力发电的碳排放量占全国总排放量的40%,是碳排放的最大来源之一。因此CO_(2)捕集技术对于电力行业的净零排放目标至关重要。本文探讨了中国燃煤电厂在实现“双碳”目标背景下的CO_(2)捕集技术进展,有机胺化学吸收法是目前最成熟和可行的CO_(2)捕集技术,典型有机胺吸收剂包括一乙醇胺(monoethanolamine,MEA)、二乙醇胺(diethanolamine,DEA)、甲基二乙醇胺(methyldiethanolamine,MDEA)等,论述了各种有机胺化学吸收法的发展历程,并对比了常用有机胺的溶解度、反应热及优缺点。列举了国内典型的碳捕集、利用及封存(carbon capture,utilization and storage,CCUS)项目,燃煤电厂应用CCUS数量不断增加,技术成本也在下降,但示范项目规模仍较小,为了实现能耗“双控”向碳排“双控”的转变,必须充分发挥CCUS的作用,减少CO_(2)排放。虽然碳捕集技术已较为成熟,但由于成本仍然高昂、规模小以及政策缺位,商业化应用仍面临巨大的挑战;今后的发展可从降低成本(加强捕集技术研发、降低有机胺溶液再生温度)、扩大商业化应用规模(善CCUS产业链中CO_(2)产品利用)、制定相关政策等途径着手,制定为CCUS的广泛应用提供技术支撑。
文摘四川盆地震旦系灯影组是重要的油气勘探开发层系,复杂的成岩演化和多期流体活动导致多种类型的白云岩形成。揭示震旦系白云岩的形成时代和成因不仅可以为四川盆地震旦系下一步的油气勘探提供更加充实的科学依据,也可为理解全球大规模存在前寒武纪白云岩的原因提供有益启示。本文针对川中地区震旦系灯影组“葡萄花边”白云岩的形成时代和成因进行了综合研究。岩相学研究表明,“葡萄花边”白云岩充填于藻白云岩的孔隙内,向内对称生长,结晶程度明显好于藻白云岩。在岩相学的基础上,利用激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)微区原位U-Pb定年确定其形成时代,研究结果表明:川中地区震旦系灯影组“葡萄花边”白云岩形成时代为530±12Ma~502±12Ma,略新于灯影组地层年代。结合微量元素分析以及碳-氧-锶同位素数据,对川中地区震旦系灯影组“葡萄花边”白云岩进行成因分析。结果表明,其稀土元素总量(∑REE)相对较低(0.680×10^(-6)~8.963×10^(-6)),δ13 C VPDB(-0.1‰~1.7‰)略低于与同时期海水沉积白云岩的碳同位素值,δ18 O VPDB(-2.3‰~1.4‰)略高于与同时期海水达到氧同位素平衡的白云岩氧同位素值,87 Sr/86 Sr值(0.70876~0.70909)基本落入同时期海水范围。稀土元素配分总体为水平的模式,所有样品表现出Ce负异常。表明其形成环境既非海水沉积环境,也不完全是表生大气水岩溶条件。综合上述特征,推断川中地区震旦系灯影组“葡萄花边”白云岩是在震旦纪末-寒武纪早期海平面高频低幅度波动这一背景下,灯影组地层多次暴露与淹没,形成岩溶裂缝和孔洞的同时在溶蚀空间内结晶形成。残留孔洞为其后流体活动、油气充注提供了储集空间。本研究为认识川中地区震旦系灯影组“葡萄花边”白云岩成因、震旦纪末-寒武纪早期水化学条件、及超深层油气勘探开发提供了有益参考。
基金sponsored by Major Science and Technology Special Project of CNPC(Grant No.2023ZZ07)。
文摘The Lower Cretaceous Manville Group of Upper Mc Murray Formation is one of the main bitumen reservoirs in Athabasca.In this study,the relationship between reservoirs heterogeneity and bitumen geochemical characteristics were analyzed through core and microscopic observation,lab analysis,petrophysics and logging data.Based on the sedimentology framework,the formation environment of high-quality oil sand reservoirs and their significance for development were discussed.The results indicate that four types lithofacies were recognized in the Upper Mc Murray Formation based on their depositional characteristics.Each lithofacies reservoirs has unique physical properties,and is subject to varying degrees of degradation,resulting in diversity of bitumen content and geochemical composition.The tidal bar(TB)or tidal channel(TC)facies reservoir have excellent physical properties,which are evaluated as gas or water intervals due to strong degradation.The reservoir of sand bar(SB)facies was evaluated as oil intervals,due to its poor physical properties and weak degradation.The reservoir of mixed flat(MF)facies is composed of sand intercalated with laminated shale,which is evaluated as poor oil intervals due to its poor connectivity.The shale content in oil sand reservoir is very important for the reservoir physical properties and bitumen degradation degree.In the context of regional biodegradation,oil sand reservoirs with good physical properties will suffer from strong degradation,while oil sand reservoirs with relatively poor physical properties are more conducive to the bitumen preservation.
