With the increase of people’s demand,it is extremely desired for developing high-safety,widetemperature-range and high-energy-density lithium batteries,but huge challenges are remained due to shrinkage and combustion...With the increase of people’s demand,it is extremely desired for developing high-safety,widetemperature-range and high-energy-density lithium batteries,but huge challenges are remained due to shrinkage and combustion of commonly used polyolefin separators at high temperatures,as well as narrow usable temperature range and high flammability of conventionally commercialized liquid electrolytes.In this work,we report a multifunctional separator mainly consisting of Zn^(2+)-phytate coordination complex nanoparticles and bacterial cellulose nanofibers,named the BZP separator,which possesses high porosity,excellent thermotolerance,good flame retardancy,abilities of anion binding and Ni^(2+)capturing.Through cooperating with the fluoride-free wide-temperature-range electrolyte,Li//LiFePO_(4) cells not only deliver discharge capacities of 110.39 mA h g^(-1)and 113.25 mA h g^(-1)after 2200 cycles (2 C) and1600 cycles (5 C) at 25℃,with capacity retentions of 76.59%and 86.09%,respectively,but also exhibit excellent cycling performance at 80℃ and-40℃.Significantly,the Li//NCM811 cell with a loading of7.8 mg cm^(-2)delivers a discharge capacity of 146.64 mA h g^(-1)after 200 cycles at 0.5 C,with a capacity retention of 89.03%.In addition,pouch cells can work at 120℃ and have low flammability.展开更多
Poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)and its derivatives based gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs)are severely limited in advanced and safe lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)owing to the intrinsically high flammability of liquid electrolytes...Poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)and its derivatives based gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs)are severely limited in advanced and safe lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)owing to the intrinsically high flammability of liquid electrolytes and PEO.Directly adding flame retardants to the GPEs can suppress their flammability and thus improve the safety of LIBs,but results in deteriorative electrochemical performance.Herein,a novel GPE with chemically bonded flame retardant(i.e.diethyl vinylphosphonate)in cross-linked polyethylene glycol diacrylate matrix,featuring both high-safety and high-performance,is designed.This as-prepared GPE storing the commercial 1 mol L^(-1) LiPF6 electrolyte resists high temperature of 200℃and cannot be ignited as well as possesses a high ionic conductivity(0.60 m S cm^(-1))and good compatibility with lithium.Notably,the LiFePO_(4)/Li battery with this GPE delivers a satisfactory capacity of 142.2 m A h g^(-1) and a superior cycling performance with a capacity retention of 96.3%and a coulombic efficiency of close to 100%for 350 cycles at 0.2 C under ambient temperature.Furthermore,the battery can achieve steady charge–discharge for 100 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 99.5%at 1 C under 80℃and run normally even at a high temperature of 150℃or under the exposure to butane flame.Differential scanning calorimetry manifests significantly improved battery safety compared to commercial battery systems.This work provides a new pathway for developing next-generation advanced LIBs with enhanced performance and high safety.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the anti-neoplastic effect of inositol hexaphosphate （InsP6 or phytic acid） on dimethylhydrazine （DMH）-induced colon tumor in rats and its effect on blood natural killer （NK） cell activity. ...AIM： To investigate the anti-neoplastic effect of inositol hexaphosphate （InsP6 or phytic acid） on dimethylhydrazine （DMH）-induced colon tumor in rats and its effect on blood natural killer （NK） cell activity. METHODS： Healthy Wistar rats, 4 wk old, were divided into control group （fed with common food） and InsP6 group （fed with common food＋2% sodium inositol hexaphosphate in the drinking water）, 15 rats in each group. Both groups were injected with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine subcutaneously （20 mg/kg body weight） once a week for 20 wk. Rats were killed after 21 wk. The whole large intestine was isolated to determine the general condition of tumors and to test blood NK cell activity by lactate-dehydrogenase-release assay. RESULTS： Administration of InsP6 significantly increased blood NK cell activity in DMH-induced colorectal tumor in rats. InsP6 group had a smaller tumor size on average and a smaller number of tumors than the control group. Its mortality was also higher than that in control. However, the variables of body weight and tumor incidence were not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSION： InsP6 can increase blood NK cell activity in DMH-induced colon tumor in rats and inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in rats.展开更多
The rapid development and widespread application of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) have increased demand for high-safety and high-performance LIBs. Accordingly, various additives have been used in commercial liquid elect...The rapid development and widespread application of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) have increased demand for high-safety and high-performance LIBs. Accordingly, various additives have been used in commercial liquid electrolytes to severally adjust the solvation structure of lithium ions, control the components of solid electrolyte interphase, or reduce flammability. While it is highly desirable to develop low-cost multifunctional electrolyte additives integrally that address both safety and performance on LIBs, significant challenges remain. Herein, a novel phosphorus-containing organic small molecule, bis(2-methoxyethyl) methylphosphonate(BMOP), was rationally designed to serve as a fluorine-free and multifunctional additive in commercial electrolytes. This novel electrolyte additive is low-toxicity,high-efficiency, low-cost, and electrode-compatible, which shows the significant improvement to both electrochemical performance and fire safety for LIBs through regulating the electrolyte solvation structure, constructing the stable electrode-electrolyte interphase, and suppressing the electrolyte combustion. This work provides a new avenue for developing safer and high-performance LIBs.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries as extremely promising high-density energy storage devices have attracted extensive concern. However, practical applications of Li-S batteries are severely restricted by not only intrins...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries as extremely promising high-density energy storage devices have attracted extensive concern. However, practical applications of Li-S batteries are severely restricted by not only intrinsic polysulfides shuttle resulting from their concentration gradient diffusion and sluggish conversion kinetics but also serious safety issue caused by thermolabile and combustible polymer separators.Herein, it is presented for the first time that a robust and multifunctional separator with urchin-like Co-doped Fe OOH microspheres and multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) as an interlayer simultaneously achieves to suppress polysulfides shuttle as well as improves thermotolerance and nonflammability of commercial PP separator. Accordingly, Li-S batteries with modified separator exhibit remarkable performance in a wide range temperatures of-25–100 ℃. Typically, under 25 ℃, ultrahigh initial capacities of 1441 and 827.29 m A h g-1 at 1 C and 2 C are delivered, and remained capacities of 936 and 663.18 mA h g-1 can be obtained after 500 cycles, respectively. At 0.1 C, the S utilization can reach up to 97%. Significantly, at 1 C, the batteries also deliver an excellent performance with remained capacities of high to862.3, 608.4 and 420.6 m A h g-1 after 100, 300 and 450 cycles under 75, 0 and-25 ℃, respectively. This work provides a new insight for developing stable and safe high-performance Li-S batteries.展开更多
Purpose:To evaluate the efectiveness of topical 5-aminolevulinie acid(ALA)-mediated pho-todynamic therapy(PDT)for the treatment of cutaneous lichen planus(LP).Methods:A total of 17 symptomatic LP lesions in 7 Chinese ...Purpose:To evaluate the efectiveness of topical 5-aminolevulinie acid(ALA)-mediated pho-todynamic therapy(PDT)for the treatment of cutaneous lichen planus(LP).Methods:A total of 17 symptomatic LP lesions in 7 Chinese patients were assessed.ALA cream(10%)was applied topically to LP lesions for 3h.The lesions were iradiated with a 635 nm diode laser at the dose level of 100J/cm^(2).The treatment was repeated at two week intervals.Clinical assessmnent was conducted before each treatment.Follow-up was performed once a month for up to six months.Results:Lesions showed significant improvement after one to four courses of treatments.Complete response was achieved in 13 lesions(five patients)and partial remission in four lesions(two patients).The complete response rate was 71%.There was no significant side ffects except the feeling of pain that most patients could tolerate.Follow-up of five patients who achieved complete response showed no signs of recurrence.Conclusion:Topical ALA PDT is effective in the treatment of cutaneous LP.展开更多
Preparing both safe and high-performance lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) based on commonly used commercial electrolytes is highly desirable,yet challenging.To overcome the poor compatibility of conventional small-molecula...Preparing both safe and high-performance lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) based on commonly used commercial electrolytes is highly desirable,yet challenging.To overcome the poor compatibility of conventional small-molecular flame-retardants as electrolyte additives for safe LIBs with graphite anodes,in this study,we propose and design a novel low-cost flame-retardant oligomer that achieves an accurate and complete reconciliation of fire safety and electrochemical performance in LIBs.Owing to the integration of phosphonate units and polyethylene glycol(PEG) chains,this oligomer,which is a phosphonatecontaining PEG-based oligomer(PPO),not only endows commercial electrolytes with excellent flame retardancy but also helps stabilize the electrodes and Li-ion migration.Specifically,adding 15 wt% of PPO can reduce 70% of the self-extinguishing time and 54% of total heat release for commercial electrolytes.Moreover,LiFePO_(4)/lithium and graphite/lithium cells as well as LiFePO_(4)/graphite pouch full cells exhibit good long-term cycling stability.展开更多
BACKGROUND The occurrence of Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome(SP-HUS)is increasing.Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen activation is highly involved in the pathogenesis of SP-HUS,and T-antibody-n...BACKGROUND The occurrence of Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome(SP-HUS)is increasing.Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen activation is highly involved in the pathogenesis of SP-HUS,and T-antibody-negative plasma exchange(PE)may be effective in the treatment of severe cases of SP-HUS.CASE SUMMARY We retrospectively reviewed two pediatric patients with SP-HUS.Both clinical features and laboratory examination results of the children were described.Tantibody-negative PE was performed in both cases.Both children made a full recovery after repeated PE and remained well at a 2 year follow-up.CONCLUSION Streptococcal pneumonia continues to be an uncommon but important cause of HUS.The successful treatment of the presented cases suggests that T-antibodynegative PE may benefit patients with SP-HUS.展开更多
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD)is a humoral immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with an unclear pathogenesis,often associated with autoimmune diseases such as...Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD)is a humoral immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with an unclear pathogenesis,often associated with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and dry syndrome.The pathology of the disease shows demyelinating changes and axonal damage,and the lesions mostly involve the optic nerve and spinal cord,and the last region of the medulla oblongata,thalamus,paraventricular,and other sites with high aquaporin-4 expression can also be involved.The clinical manifestations are closely related to the location of the lesion,with common symptoms such as optic neuritis,acute myelitis,and intractable eruption,and most patients have recurrent episodes that can leave sequelae such as visual impairment and urinary and bowel disorders.However,a few patients present with less common symptoms,which can easily be missed or misdiagnosed,delaying the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.In this paper,we report the case of a middle-aged female patient with the first symptoms of optic neuritis who developed seizures after 2 months.After completing relevant tests,cerebrospinal fluid and serum anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies were positive,and NMOSD with symptomatic epilepsy was considered.Seizures did not recur after hormone therapy was given again.The purpose of this report is to improve awareness and diagnosis of NMOSD among clinicians.展开更多
By employing a new semi-rigid pyrazole-amide-derived bis(pyridyl)ligand[N,N'-bis(4-picolylamine)-1-hydropyrazole(4-dpap)],a new homopolymolybdate-based two-dimensional(2D)plate-like complex[Co(4-dpap)(H_(2)O)(β-M...By employing a new semi-rigid pyrazole-amide-derived bis(pyridyl)ligand[N,N'-bis(4-picolylamine)-1-hydropyrazole(4-dpap)],a new homopolymolybdate-based two-dimensional(2D)plate-like complex[Co(4-dpap)(H_(2)O)(β-Mo_(8)O_(2)6)1/2](1)has been prepared under solvothermal condition and structurally characterized.Theβ-Mo_(8)anions are fi xed between the 2D metal–organic networks[Co(4-dpap)(H_(2)O)]n 2n+via hydrogen-bonding interaction.Complex 1 possesses satisfactory specifi c capacitance of 1512.4 F·g^(−1)(current density:1 A·g^(−1))and good cycling stability(90.8%after 1000 cycles).Moreover,1 represents a promising amperometric sensor for measurement of Cr(Ⅵ)with low detection limit(0.042μmol·L^(−1))and high durability.The insertion ofβ-Mo_(8)anions between the unique 2D metal−organic networks improves the active area of polyoxometalates,which further promotes electrochemical performance.展开更多
Traditional flame-retardant plastics are technically difficult to chemically recycle.The development of newtypes of flame-retardant plastics that are intrinsically capable of being closed-loop recycled and are suffici...Traditional flame-retardant plastics are technically difficult to chemically recycle.The development of newtypes of flame-retardant plastics that are intrinsically capable of being closed-loop recycled and are sufficiently robust and stable to satisfy their practical application is urgently needed.In this study,closed-loop recyclable flame-retardant plastics with high mechanical strength and excellent chemical resistance are fabricated by cross-linking amino-terminated polyimide(PI-NH_(2))and aldehyde-terminated cyclophosphazene(CP-CHO)with imine bonds.The resultant flame-retardant plastic,which is denoted as PI-CP,exhibits a tensile strength of∼115.6 MPa,Young’s modulus of∼2.5 GPa,and glass transition temperature of 316°C.In the PI-CP plastic,the imine bonds are isolated within hydrophobic microenvironments generated by the rigid and hydrophobic polyimide chains and the benzene ring of cyclophosphazenes.As a result,the PI-CP plastics are highly stable in highly acidic and basic aqueous solutions and other commonly used organic solvents.The PI-CP plastic shows outstanding flame retardancy with a limiting oxygen index value of 48.8%.More importantly,the PI-CP plastic can be depolymerized to generate the original PI-NH_(2)and CPCHO monomers in high yields(∼97%)and purity.The recovered monomers can be used to refabricate the original plastics,establishing highly efficient polymer-monomer-polymer circulation and a sustainable plastics economy.展开更多
The design and synthesis of catalysts for the oxidation desulfurization and production of hydrogen are extremely important for solving environmental pollution and energy shortage.Herein,a novel bifunctional [α-Mo_(8)...The design and synthesis of catalysts for the oxidation desulfurization and production of hydrogen are extremely important for solving environmental pollution and energy shortage.Herein,a novel bifunctional [α-Mo_(8)O_(26)]^(4-)/[β-Mo_(8)O_(26)]^(4-)-based Cu-viologen complex H_(4)[Cu_(2)~ⅠCl_(2)(Hbcbpy)_(4)] [α-Mo_(8)O_(26)] [β-Mo8O_(26)]·H_(2)O(BHU-2,Hbcbpy=1-(4-carboxybenzyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium) was synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction(XRD),infrared radiation spectra,powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) spectra.The structural characteristic of BHU-2 is the presence of two types of octamolybdate clusters [α-Mo_(8)O_(26)]^(4-)/[β-Mo_(8)O_(26)]^(4-)and a new binuclear Cu~Ⅰ-Hbcbpy complex linked by Cl-bridges[Cu_(2)ⅠCl_(2)(Hbcbpy)_(4)]^(4+).BHU-2 as a heterogeneous catalyst exhibits excellent activities to the oxidation desulfurization and photocatalytic hydrogen production.At room temperature,BHU-2 can catalyze 96% conversion of methyl phenyl sulfide with 98% selectivity,and the process obeys the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetic with the half-life of9.6 min.The notorious 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide can achieve 99% conversion with 98% selectivity within only1 min at the presence of BHU-2,and the turnover frequency(TOF) is up to 7400 h^(-1).BHU-2 also exhibits high catalytic activity for the oxidation of other aromatic and aliphatic thioethers within short time at room temperature.Furthermore,BHU-2 shows a high catalytic activity for visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution with an H_(2) evolution rate of 1677.85 μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1) within 10 h.Moreover,the catalytic activities do not decrease evidently after three cycles,revealing the prominent structural stability and recyclability.展开更多
Safety and energy density are significant for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),and the flammable organic elec-trolyte is one of the most critical causes of the safety problem of LIBs.Although LiNi0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2(NCM8...Safety and energy density are significant for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),and the flammable organic elec-trolyte is one of the most critical causes of the safety problem of LIBs.Although LiNi0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2(NCM811)cathode with high capacity can improve the energy density,the interface stability between NCM811 cathode and electrolytes needs to be improved.Herein,we report a multifunctional additive,diethyl(2-(triethoxysilyl)ethyl)phosphonate(DETSP),which can suppress the flammability of the elec-trolyte and enhance the cycling stability of NCM811 cathode with a capacity retention of 89.9%after 400 cycles at 1 C,while that of the blank electrolyte is merely 61.3%.In addition,DETSP is compati-ble well with the graphite anode without impairing the electrochemical performances.Significantly,the performance and safety of NCM811/graphite full cells are also improved.Experimental and theoretical re-sults demonstrate that DETSP can scavenge acidic byproducts and is beneficial to form a stable cathode-electrolyte interface(CEI).Accordingly,DETSP can potentially be an effective solution to ameliorating the safety of the commercial electrolyte and improving the stability of high-voltage cathodes.展开更多
Organic polymer materials,as the most abundantly produced materials,possess a flammable nature,making them potential hazards to human casualties and property losses.Target polymer design is still hindered due to the l...Organic polymer materials,as the most abundantly produced materials,possess a flammable nature,making them potential hazards to human casualties and property losses.Target polymer design is still hindered due to the lack of a scientific foundation.Herein,we present a robust,generalizable,yet intelligent polymer discovery framework,which synergizes diverse capabilities,including the in situ burning analyzer,virtual reaction generator,and material genomic model,to achieve results that surpass the sum of individual parts.Notably,the high-throughput analyzer created for the first time,grounded in multiple spectroscopic principles,enables in situ capturing of massive combustion intermediates;then,the created realistic apparatus transforming to the virtual reaction generator acquires exponentially more intermediate information;further,the proposed feature engineering tool,which embedded both polymer hierarchical structures and massive intermediate data,develops the generalizable genomic model with excellent universality(adapting over 20 kinds of polymers)and high accuracy(88.8%),succeeding discovering series of novel polymers.This emerging approach addresses the target polymer design for flame-retardant application and underscores a pivotal role in accelerating polymeric materials discovery.展开更多
Single-phased,high-color-rendering index(CRI)white-light phosphors are emerging as potential phosphor-converted white-light-emitting diodes(WLEDs)and as an alternative to blends of tricolor phosphors.However,it is a c...Single-phased,high-color-rendering index(CRI)white-light phosphors are emerging as potential phosphor-converted white-light-emitting diodes(WLEDs)and as an alternative to blends of tricolor phosphors.However,it is a challenge to create a high CRI white light from a single-doped activator.Here,we present a high CRI(Ra 591)white-light phosphor,Sr_(5)(PO_(4))_(3-x)(BO_(3))_(x)Cl:Eu^(2+),composed of Sr5(PO4)3Cl as the beginning member and Sr_(5)(BO_(3))_(3)Cl as the end member.This work utilized the solid-solution method,and tunable Eu^(2+) emission was achieved.Color-tunable Eu^(2+) emissions in response to structural variation were observed in Sr_(5)(PO_(4))_(3-x)(BO_(3))_(x)Cl solid solutions.This was further confirmed using X-ray Rietveld refinement,electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy,and in the photoluminescence spectra.The color-tunable emissions included the white light that originated from the combination of the blue emission of Sr_(5)(PO_(4))_(3)Cl:Eu^(2+) and an induced Eu^(2+) yellow emission at approximately 550 nm in the solid solution.Importantly,the white-light phosphors showed a greater R9590.2 under excitation at 365 nm.This result has rarely been reported in the literature and is greater than that of(R9514.3)commercial Y_(3)A_(l5)O_(12):Ce^(3+)-based WLEDs.These findings demonstrate the great potential of Sr_(5)(PO_(4))_(3-x)(BO_(3))_(x)Cl:0.04Eu^(2+) as a white-light phosphor for near-UV phosphor-converted WLEDs.These results also provide a shortcut for developing a high CRI white-light phosphor from a single Eu^(2+)-doped compound.展开更多
Ultra-low dielectric loss(Df)and low dielectric constant(Dk)materials are urgently required in highspeed and large-capacity transmission,in which the wholly aromatic liquid crystal polymer(LCP)has gained attention due...Ultra-low dielectric loss(Df)and low dielectric constant(Dk)materials are urgently required in highspeed and large-capacity transmission,in which the wholly aromatic liquid crystal polymer(LCP)has gained attention due to its excellent dielectric properties.However,the relationship between molecular structure and dielectric properties is still not clear.In this study,two copolyesters containing phenyl or naphthyl structures are synthesized,as well as the effects of benzene and naphthalene mesogens on dielectric properties are investigated.The synthesized copolyesters containing naphthalene structure have good comprehensive properties with high thermal stability(T_(5%)=479℃ and T_g=195-216℃),inherent flame retardance(LOI=33.0-35.0 and UL-94 V-0 level at 0.8 mm),low Dk(2.9-3.0@10 GHz)and low Df(0.0027-0.0047@10 GHz).Naphthalene mesogen can reduce the dielectric loss more significantly than benzene at high frequency by reducing the density and mobility of polarizable groups,which leads to the effectively limited dipole polarization in copolyesters.Consequently,we proposed a new strategy for designing low Dk and low Df materials.展开更多
The flammability of thermoplastic polyesters and the subsequent heavy smoke and severe melt drips formed after ignition are the main obstacles hindering their widespread application. In this study, a novel ionic monom...The flammability of thermoplastic polyesters and the subsequent heavy smoke and severe melt drips formed after ignition are the main obstacles hindering their widespread application. In this study, a novel ionic monomer containing sulfonate and benzimidazole was synthesized and incorporated into the main chain of poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET, used as a model thermoplastic polyester) by melt copolymerization. The synergetic effect of ionic aggregation and carbonization endowed the obtained copolyester with high melt viscosity and excellent char-forming ability at high temperatures. The copolyester having a monomer content of 8 mol.% easily achieved the Underwriters Laboratories Inc 94(UL-94) V-0 flammability rating without dripping and the limiting oxygen index value reached 33.0 vol.%.In addition, the total smoke production, peak heat release rate,and maximum CO production decreased by 45.2%, 60.5%, and75.0%, respectively, compared with those of PET. In addition,the copolyester was spinnable, and showed greater adsorption efficiency(99.6%) for a cationic dye from solution compared to PET(6.5%), demonstrating the excellent affinity of the copolyester for the cationic dye. The obtained inherently firesafe PET copolyester has great potential for applications in flame retardant textiles, artwork base materials, and decorative materials for transportation applications.展开更多
Background:This study was to evaluate the relative applicability of the most commonly used estimation formulas for renal glomerular filtration rate(GFR)of Chinese children with chronic kidney disease(CKD).Methods:One ...Background:This study was to evaluate the relative applicability of the most commonly used estimation formulas for renal glomerular filtration rate(GFR)of Chinese children with chronic kidney disease(CKD).Methods:One hundred CKD patients of less than 17 years old were divided into two groups by sex which was further categorized intofi ve subgroups based on CKD staging according to the"reference"GFR(rGFR)determined by Tc-99m-DTPA renal dynamic imaging.Four GFR markers including serum cystatin C(CysC),β2-microglobulin,creatinine,and blood urea nitrogen were measured.Results:Among all four markers,CysC best refl ected the extent of glomerular damages for CKD stage 1.The value for estimation of GFR(eGFR)was derived from five different formulas either over-estimated or under-estimated GFR as referenced to rGFR,and the extent of deviations was dependent on gender,age and CKD stage.The Counahan-Barratt formula and the Schwartz formula gave the most accurate estimations of GFR for CKD stages 1 and 2-3,respectively regardless of gender and age differences.Receiver operating characteristic analyses indicated that the Counahan-Barratt formula has the highest diagnostic accuracy.Conclusion:The Counahan-Barratt formula provides the best approximation to rGFR,thereby the highest applicability to Chinese children with CKD of different genders,ages and CKD stages.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22275131)the Institutional Research Fund from Sichuan University (2021SCUNL201)+1 种基金the 111 Project (B20001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘With the increase of people’s demand,it is extremely desired for developing high-safety,widetemperature-range and high-energy-density lithium batteries,but huge challenges are remained due to shrinkage and combustion of commonly used polyolefin separators at high temperatures,as well as narrow usable temperature range and high flammability of conventionally commercialized liquid electrolytes.In this work,we report a multifunctional separator mainly consisting of Zn^(2+)-phytate coordination complex nanoparticles and bacterial cellulose nanofibers,named the BZP separator,which possesses high porosity,excellent thermotolerance,good flame retardancy,abilities of anion binding and Ni^(2+)capturing.Through cooperating with the fluoride-free wide-temperature-range electrolyte,Li//LiFePO_(4) cells not only deliver discharge capacities of 110.39 mA h g^(-1)and 113.25 mA h g^(-1)after 2200 cycles (2 C) and1600 cycles (5 C) at 25℃,with capacity retentions of 76.59%and 86.09%,respectively,but also exhibit excellent cycling performance at 80℃ and-40℃.Significantly,the Li//NCM811 cell with a loading of7.8 mg cm^(-2)delivers a discharge capacity of 146.64 mA h g^(-1)after 200 cycles at 0.5 C,with a capacity retention of 89.03%.In addition,pouch cells can work at 120℃ and have low flammability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51773134)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2019YFH0112)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)and its derivatives based gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs)are severely limited in advanced and safe lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)owing to the intrinsically high flammability of liquid electrolytes and PEO.Directly adding flame retardants to the GPEs can suppress their flammability and thus improve the safety of LIBs,but results in deteriorative electrochemical performance.Herein,a novel GPE with chemically bonded flame retardant(i.e.diethyl vinylphosphonate)in cross-linked polyethylene glycol diacrylate matrix,featuring both high-safety and high-performance,is designed.This as-prepared GPE storing the commercial 1 mol L^(-1) LiPF6 electrolyte resists high temperature of 200℃and cannot be ignited as well as possesses a high ionic conductivity(0.60 m S cm^(-1))and good compatibility with lithium.Notably,the LiFePO_(4)/Li battery with this GPE delivers a satisfactory capacity of 142.2 m A h g^(-1) and a superior cycling performance with a capacity retention of 96.3%and a coulombic efficiency of close to 100%for 350 cycles at 0.2 C under ambient temperature.Furthermore,the battery can achieve steady charge–discharge for 100 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 99.5%at 1 C under 80℃and run normally even at a high temperature of 150℃or under the exposure to butane flame.Differential scanning calorimetry manifests significantly improved battery safety compared to commercial battery systems.This work provides a new pathway for developing next-generation advanced LIBs with enhanced performance and high safety.
基金Supported by the Health Bureau Foundation of Province Shandong,No. 1999CA2CBA2
文摘AIM： To investigate the anti-neoplastic effect of inositol hexaphosphate （InsP6 or phytic acid） on dimethylhydrazine （DMH）-induced colon tumor in rats and its effect on blood natural killer （NK） cell activity. METHODS： Healthy Wistar rats, 4 wk old, were divided into control group （fed with common food） and InsP6 group （fed with common food＋2% sodium inositol hexaphosphate in the drinking water）, 15 rats in each group. Both groups were injected with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine subcutaneously （20 mg/kg body weight） once a week for 20 wk. Rats were killed after 21 wk. The whole large intestine was isolated to determine the general condition of tumors and to test blood NK cell activity by lactate-dehydrogenase-release assay. RESULTS： Administration of InsP6 significantly increased blood NK cell activity in DMH-induced colorectal tumor in rats. InsP6 group had a smaller tumor size on average and a smaller number of tumors than the control group. Its mortality was also higher than that in control. However, the variables of body weight and tumor incidence were not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSION： InsP6 can increase blood NK cell activity in DMH-induced colon tumor in rats and inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in rats.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51773134)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2019YFH0112)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesInstitutional Research Fund from Sichuan University (2021SCUNL201)the 111 Project (B20001)。
文摘The rapid development and widespread application of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) have increased demand for high-safety and high-performance LIBs. Accordingly, various additives have been used in commercial liquid electrolytes to severally adjust the solvation structure of lithium ions, control the components of solid electrolyte interphase, or reduce flammability. While it is highly desirable to develop low-cost multifunctional electrolyte additives integrally that address both safety and performance on LIBs, significant challenges remain. Herein, a novel phosphorus-containing organic small molecule, bis(2-methoxyethyl) methylphosphonate(BMOP), was rationally designed to serve as a fluorine-free and multifunctional additive in commercial electrolytes. This novel electrolyte additive is low-toxicity,high-efficiency, low-cost, and electrode-compatible, which shows the significant improvement to both electrochemical performance and fire safety for LIBs through regulating the electrolyte solvation structure, constructing the stable electrode-electrolyte interphase, and suppressing the electrolyte combustion. This work provides a new avenue for developing safer and high-performance LIBs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51773134)the Program for the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51721091)+2 种基金the Sichuan Province Science and Technology Project(2019YFH0112)the Sichuan Province Youth Science and Technology Innovation Team(2017TD0006)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2017SCU04A14 and YJ201821)。
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries as extremely promising high-density energy storage devices have attracted extensive concern. However, practical applications of Li-S batteries are severely restricted by not only intrinsic polysulfides shuttle resulting from their concentration gradient diffusion and sluggish conversion kinetics but also serious safety issue caused by thermolabile and combustible polymer separators.Herein, it is presented for the first time that a robust and multifunctional separator with urchin-like Co-doped Fe OOH microspheres and multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) as an interlayer simultaneously achieves to suppress polysulfides shuttle as well as improves thermotolerance and nonflammability of commercial PP separator. Accordingly, Li-S batteries with modified separator exhibit remarkable performance in a wide range temperatures of-25–100 ℃. Typically, under 25 ℃, ultrahigh initial capacities of 1441 and 827.29 m A h g-1 at 1 C and 2 C are delivered, and remained capacities of 936 and 663.18 mA h g-1 can be obtained after 500 cycles, respectively. At 0.1 C, the S utilization can reach up to 97%. Significantly, at 1 C, the batteries also deliver an excellent performance with remained capacities of high to862.3, 608.4 and 420.6 m A h g-1 after 100, 300 and 450 cycles under 75, 0 and-25 ℃, respectively. This work provides a new insight for developing stable and safe high-performance Li-S batteries.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81272990)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (11ZR1432800)the Key Project of Shanghai Health Bureau (A 20124034).
文摘Purpose:To evaluate the efectiveness of topical 5-aminolevulinie acid(ALA)-mediated pho-todynamic therapy(PDT)for the treatment of cutaneous lichen planus(LP).Methods:A total of 17 symptomatic LP lesions in 7 Chinese patients were assessed.ALA cream(10%)was applied topically to LP lesions for 3h.The lesions were iradiated with a 635 nm diode laser at the dose level of 100J/cm^(2).The treatment was repeated at two week intervals.Clinical assessmnent was conducted before each treatment.Follow-up was performed once a month for up to six months.Results:Lesions showed significant improvement after one to four courses of treatments.Complete response was achieved in 13 lesions(five patients)and partial remission in four lesions(two patients).The complete response rate was 71%.There was no significant side ffects except the feeling of pain that most patients could tolerate.Follow-up of five patients who achieved complete response showed no signs of recurrence.Conclusion:Topical ALA PDT is effective in the treatment of cutaneous LP.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51773134, U19A2095)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2019YFH0112)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesInstitutional Research Fund from Sichuan University (2021SCUNL201)the 111 Project (B20001)。
文摘Preparing both safe and high-performance lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) based on commonly used commercial electrolytes is highly desirable,yet challenging.To overcome the poor compatibility of conventional small-molecular flame-retardants as electrolyte additives for safe LIBs with graphite anodes,in this study,we propose and design a novel low-cost flame-retardant oligomer that achieves an accurate and complete reconciliation of fire safety and electrochemical performance in LIBs.Owing to the integration of phosphonate units and polyethylene glycol(PEG) chains,this oligomer,which is a phosphonatecontaining PEG-based oligomer(PPO),not only endows commercial electrolytes with excellent flame retardancy but also helps stabilize the electrodes and Li-ion migration.Specifically,adding 15 wt% of PPO can reduce 70% of the self-extinguishing time and 54% of total heat release for commercial electrolytes.Moreover,LiFePO_(4)/lithium and graphite/lithium cells as well as LiFePO_(4)/graphite pouch full cells exhibit good long-term cycling stability.
文摘BACKGROUND The occurrence of Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome(SP-HUS)is increasing.Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen activation is highly involved in the pathogenesis of SP-HUS,and T-antibody-negative plasma exchange(PE)may be effective in the treatment of severe cases of SP-HUS.CASE SUMMARY We retrospectively reviewed two pediatric patients with SP-HUS.Both clinical features and laboratory examination results of the children were described.Tantibody-negative PE was performed in both cases.Both children made a full recovery after repeated PE and remained well at a 2 year follow-up.CONCLUSION Streptococcal pneumonia continues to be an uncommon but important cause of HUS.The successful treatment of the presented cases suggests that T-antibodynegative PE may benefit patients with SP-HUS.
文摘Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD)is a humoral immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with an unclear pathogenesis,often associated with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and dry syndrome.The pathology of the disease shows demyelinating changes and axonal damage,and the lesions mostly involve the optic nerve and spinal cord,and the last region of the medulla oblongata,thalamus,paraventricular,and other sites with high aquaporin-4 expression can also be involved.The clinical manifestations are closely related to the location of the lesion,with common symptoms such as optic neuritis,acute myelitis,and intractable eruption,and most patients have recurrent episodes that can leave sequelae such as visual impairment and urinary and bowel disorders.However,a few patients present with less common symptoms,which can easily be missed or misdiagnosed,delaying the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.In this paper,we report the case of a middle-aged female patient with the first symptoms of optic neuritis who developed seizures after 2 months.After completing relevant tests,cerebrospinal fluid and serum anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies were positive,and NMOSD with symptomatic epilepsy was considered.Seizures did not recur after hormone therapy was given again.The purpose of this report is to improve awareness and diagnosis of NMOSD among clinicians.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22271021,21971024)Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC1902011),which are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘By employing a new semi-rigid pyrazole-amide-derived bis(pyridyl)ligand[N,N'-bis(4-picolylamine)-1-hydropyrazole(4-dpap)],a new homopolymolybdate-based two-dimensional(2D)plate-like complex[Co(4-dpap)(H_(2)O)(β-Mo_(8)O_(2)6)1/2](1)has been prepared under solvothermal condition and structurally characterized.Theβ-Mo_(8)anions are fi xed between the 2D metal–organic networks[Co(4-dpap)(H_(2)O)]n 2n+via hydrogen-bonding interaction.Complex 1 possesses satisfactory specifi c capacitance of 1512.4 F·g^(−1)(current density:1 A·g^(−1))and good cycling stability(90.8%after 1000 cycles).Moreover,1 represents a promising amperometric sensor for measurement of Cr(Ⅵ)with low detection limit(0.042μmol·L^(−1))and high durability.The insertion ofβ-Mo_(8)anions between the unique 2D metal−organic networks improves the active area of polyoxometalates,which further promotes electrochemical performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC grant no.21935004).
文摘Traditional flame-retardant plastics are technically difficult to chemically recycle.The development of newtypes of flame-retardant plastics that are intrinsically capable of being closed-loop recycled and are sufficiently robust and stable to satisfy their practical application is urgently needed.In this study,closed-loop recyclable flame-retardant plastics with high mechanical strength and excellent chemical resistance are fabricated by cross-linking amino-terminated polyimide(PI-NH_(2))and aldehyde-terminated cyclophosphazene(CP-CHO)with imine bonds.The resultant flame-retardant plastic,which is denoted as PI-CP,exhibits a tensile strength of∼115.6 MPa,Young’s modulus of∼2.5 GPa,and glass transition temperature of 316°C.In the PI-CP plastic,the imine bonds are isolated within hydrophobic microenvironments generated by the rigid and hydrophobic polyimide chains and the benzene ring of cyclophosphazenes.As a result,the PI-CP plastics are highly stable in highly acidic and basic aqueous solutions and other commonly used organic solvents.The PI-CP plastic shows outstanding flame retardancy with a limiting oxygen index value of 48.8%.More importantly,the PI-CP plastic can be depolymerized to generate the original PI-NH_(2)and CPCHO monomers in high yields(∼97%)and purity.The recovered monomers can be used to refabricate the original plastics,establishing highly efficient polymer-monomer-polymer circulation and a sustainable plastics economy.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22271021,21901018 and 21971024)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (No.2022-MS-373)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program (No.XLYC1902011)。
文摘The design and synthesis of catalysts for the oxidation desulfurization and production of hydrogen are extremely important for solving environmental pollution and energy shortage.Herein,a novel bifunctional [α-Mo_(8)O_(26)]^(4-)/[β-Mo_(8)O_(26)]^(4-)-based Cu-viologen complex H_(4)[Cu_(2)~ⅠCl_(2)(Hbcbpy)_(4)] [α-Mo_(8)O_(26)] [β-Mo8O_(26)]·H_(2)O(BHU-2,Hbcbpy=1-(4-carboxybenzyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium) was synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction(XRD),infrared radiation spectra,powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) spectra.The structural characteristic of BHU-2 is the presence of two types of octamolybdate clusters [α-Mo_(8)O_(26)]^(4-)/[β-Mo_(8)O_(26)]^(4-)and a new binuclear Cu~Ⅰ-Hbcbpy complex linked by Cl-bridges[Cu_(2)ⅠCl_(2)(Hbcbpy)_(4)]^(4+).BHU-2 as a heterogeneous catalyst exhibits excellent activities to the oxidation desulfurization and photocatalytic hydrogen production.At room temperature,BHU-2 can catalyze 96% conversion of methyl phenyl sulfide with 98% selectivity,and the process obeys the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetic with the half-life of9.6 min.The notorious 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide can achieve 99% conversion with 98% selectivity within only1 min at the presence of BHU-2,and the turnover frequency(TOF) is up to 7400 h^(-1).BHU-2 also exhibits high catalytic activity for the oxidation of other aromatic and aliphatic thioethers within short time at room temperature.Furthermore,BHU-2 shows a high catalytic activity for visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution with an H_(2) evolution rate of 1677.85 μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1) within 10 h.Moreover,the catalytic activities do not decrease evidently after three cycles,revealing the prominent structural stability and recyclability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51773134)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2019YFH0112)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Institutional Research Fund from Sichuan University(No.2021SCUNL201)the 111 Project(No.B20001).
文摘Safety and energy density are significant for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),and the flammable organic elec-trolyte is one of the most critical causes of the safety problem of LIBs.Although LiNi0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2(NCM811)cathode with high capacity can improve the energy density,the interface stability between NCM811 cathode and electrolytes needs to be improved.Herein,we report a multifunctional additive,diethyl(2-(triethoxysilyl)ethyl)phosphonate(DETSP),which can suppress the flammability of the elec-trolyte and enhance the cycling stability of NCM811 cathode with a capacity retention of 89.9%after 400 cycles at 1 C,while that of the blank electrolyte is merely 61.3%.In addition,DETSP is compati-ble well with the graphite anode without impairing the electrochemical performances.Significantly,the performance and safety of NCM811/graphite full cells are also improved.Experimental and theoretical re-sults demonstrate that DETSP can scavenge acidic byproducts and is beneficial to form a stable cathode-electrolyte interface(CEI).Accordingly,DETSP can potentially be an effective solution to ameliorating the safety of the commercial electrolyte and improving the stability of high-voltage cathodes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51991351,51827803,52103122,and 22375138)the Institutional Research Fund from Sichuan University(no.2021SCUNL201)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,and the 111 project(B20001).
文摘Organic polymer materials,as the most abundantly produced materials,possess a flammable nature,making them potential hazards to human casualties and property losses.Target polymer design is still hindered due to the lack of a scientific foundation.Herein,we present a robust,generalizable,yet intelligent polymer discovery framework,which synergizes diverse capabilities,including the in situ burning analyzer,virtual reaction generator,and material genomic model,to achieve results that surpass the sum of individual parts.Notably,the high-throughput analyzer created for the first time,grounded in multiple spectroscopic principles,enables in situ capturing of massive combustion intermediates;then,the created realistic apparatus transforming to the virtual reaction generator acquires exponentially more intermediate information;further,the proposed feature engineering tool,which embedded both polymer hierarchical structures and massive intermediate data,develops the generalizable genomic model with excellent universality(adapting over 20 kinds of polymers)and high accuracy(88.8%),succeeding discovering series of novel polymers.This emerging approach addresses the target polymer design for flame-retardant application and underscores a pivotal role in accelerating polymeric materials discovery.
基金supported by theNational Natural Science Foundations of China(Grant No.51302034,11304035,51372036,31271442,and 91233204)the National Basic Research Program(2012CB933703)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.12QNJJ007,12SSXM001)the International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China(2013DFG50150)111 project(No.B13013).
文摘Single-phased,high-color-rendering index(CRI)white-light phosphors are emerging as potential phosphor-converted white-light-emitting diodes(WLEDs)and as an alternative to blends of tricolor phosphors.However,it is a challenge to create a high CRI white light from a single-doped activator.Here,we present a high CRI(Ra 591)white-light phosphor,Sr_(5)(PO_(4))_(3-x)(BO_(3))_(x)Cl:Eu^(2+),composed of Sr5(PO4)3Cl as the beginning member and Sr_(5)(BO_(3))_(3)Cl as the end member.This work utilized the solid-solution method,and tunable Eu^(2+) emission was achieved.Color-tunable Eu^(2+) emissions in response to structural variation were observed in Sr_(5)(PO_(4))_(3-x)(BO_(3))_(x)Cl solid solutions.This was further confirmed using X-ray Rietveld refinement,electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy,and in the photoluminescence spectra.The color-tunable emissions included the white light that originated from the combination of the blue emission of Sr_(5)(PO_(4))_(3)Cl:Eu^(2+) and an induced Eu^(2+) yellow emission at approximately 550 nm in the solid solution.Importantly,the white-light phosphors showed a greater R9590.2 under excitation at 365 nm.This result has rarely been reported in the literature and is greater than that of(R9514.3)commercial Y_(3)A_(l5)O_(12):Ce^(3+)-based WLEDs.These findings demonstrate the great potential of Sr_(5)(PO_(4))_(3-x)(BO_(3))_(x)Cl:0.04Eu^(2+) as a white-light phosphor for near-UV phosphor-converted WLEDs.These results also provide a shortcut for developing a high CRI white-light phosphor from a single Eu^(2+)-doped compound.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51991351 and 51991350)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities+1 种基金the 111 Project(No.B20001)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2020YFH0016)。
文摘Ultra-low dielectric loss(Df)and low dielectric constant(Dk)materials are urgently required in highspeed and large-capacity transmission,in which the wholly aromatic liquid crystal polymer(LCP)has gained attention due to its excellent dielectric properties.However,the relationship between molecular structure and dielectric properties is still not clear.In this study,two copolyesters containing phenyl or naphthyl structures are synthesized,as well as the effects of benzene and naphthalene mesogens on dielectric properties are investigated.The synthesized copolyesters containing naphthalene structure have good comprehensive properties with high thermal stability(T_(5%)=479℃ and T_g=195-216℃),inherent flame retardance(LOI=33.0-35.0 and UL-94 V-0 level at 0.8 mm),low Dk(2.9-3.0@10 GHz)and low Df(0.0027-0.0047@10 GHz).Naphthalene mesogen can reduce the dielectric loss more significantly than benzene at high frequency by reducing the density and mobility of polarizable groups,which leads to the effectively limited dipole polarization in copolyesters.Consequently,we proposed a new strategy for designing low Dk and low Df materials.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21634006 and 51827803)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFB0309001)。
文摘The flammability of thermoplastic polyesters and the subsequent heavy smoke and severe melt drips formed after ignition are the main obstacles hindering their widespread application. In this study, a novel ionic monomer containing sulfonate and benzimidazole was synthesized and incorporated into the main chain of poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET, used as a model thermoplastic polyester) by melt copolymerization. The synergetic effect of ionic aggregation and carbonization endowed the obtained copolyester with high melt viscosity and excellent char-forming ability at high temperatures. The copolyester having a monomer content of 8 mol.% easily achieved the Underwriters Laboratories Inc 94(UL-94) V-0 flammability rating without dripping and the limiting oxygen index value reached 33.0 vol.%.In addition, the total smoke production, peak heat release rate,and maximum CO production decreased by 45.2%, 60.5%, and75.0%, respectively, compared with those of PET. In addition,the copolyester was spinnable, and showed greater adsorption efficiency(99.6%) for a cationic dye from solution compared to PET(6.5%), demonstrating the excellent affinity of the copolyester for the cationic dye. The obtained inherently firesafe PET copolyester has great potential for applications in flame retardant textiles, artwork base materials, and decorative materials for transportation applications.
文摘Background:This study was to evaluate the relative applicability of the most commonly used estimation formulas for renal glomerular filtration rate(GFR)of Chinese children with chronic kidney disease(CKD).Methods:One hundred CKD patients of less than 17 years old were divided into two groups by sex which was further categorized intofi ve subgroups based on CKD staging according to the"reference"GFR(rGFR)determined by Tc-99m-DTPA renal dynamic imaging.Four GFR markers including serum cystatin C(CysC),β2-microglobulin,creatinine,and blood urea nitrogen were measured.Results:Among all four markers,CysC best refl ected the extent of glomerular damages for CKD stage 1.The value for estimation of GFR(eGFR)was derived from five different formulas either over-estimated or under-estimated GFR as referenced to rGFR,and the extent of deviations was dependent on gender,age and CKD stage.The Counahan-Barratt formula and the Schwartz formula gave the most accurate estimations of GFR for CKD stages 1 and 2-3,respectively regardless of gender and age differences.Receiver operating characteristic analyses indicated that the Counahan-Barratt formula has the highest diagnostic accuracy.Conclusion:The Counahan-Barratt formula provides the best approximation to rGFR,thereby the highest applicability to Chinese children with CKD of different genders,ages and CKD stages.
