Background:Teacher burnout is a serious issue in the field of education,particularly in early childhood education,where teachers face high levels of work stress and emotional labor,leading to emotional exhaustion and ...Background:Teacher burnout is a serious issue in the field of education,particularly in early childhood education,where teachers face high levels of work stress and emotional labor,leading to emotional exhaustion and job burnout.However,past research has not sufficiently explored the mechanisms of social skills,empathy,and mindfulness in mitigating teacher burnout.Therefore,this study aims to investigate the relationship between preschool teachers’social skills,empathy,and mindfulness with job burnout,in order to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for reducing teacher burnout.Methods:This research utilized a convenience sampling approach to target preschool teachers for a questionnaire survey.A total of 1109 questionnaires were collected.To ensure the quality of the data,we excluded questionnaires that were not carefully filled out in terms of lie scale questions,those with abnormal demographic variables,and outliers identified based on response time.Ultimately,901 valid questionnaires were obtained,achieving a valid response rate of 81.2%.Participants’levels of social skills,empathy,mindfulness,and job burnout were assessed using the Social Skills Scale(SKS),Empathy Scale(Measure of Empathy,ME),Mindful Attention Awareness Scale(MAAS),and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey(MBI-ES),respectively.Data analysis was conducted using SPSS.Results:After controlling for gender,age,teaching experience,educational level,grade taught,and location of the kindergarten,the study found:(1)There is a negative correlation between preschool teachers’social skills and the level of job burnout(r=−0.238);(2)Empathy has a dual-track effect on job burnout,where cognitive empathy negatively affects job burnout(r=−0.245),while emotional empathy has a positive effect(r=0.045);(3)Cognitive empathy partially mediates the relationship between social skills and job burnout(β=−0.124);(4)Mindfulness significantly impacts social skills,cognitive empathy,and job burnout(r=0.278;r=0.286;r=−0.539),and plays a moderating role in the mediation model(β=0.003;β=−0.023).Conclusion:These findings provide theoretical support for the development of burnout prevention and intervention strategies targeted at preschool teachers.They also point out new directions for future research and potential intervention targets,suggesting that enhancing preschool teachers’social skills and cognitive empathy,as well as increasing their mindfulness level,can help them cope with work-related stress and emotional labor,thereby alleviating job burnout.展开更多
Astragali radix(AR,the dried root of Astragalus)is a popular herbal remedy in both China and the United States.The commercially available AR is commonly classified into premium graded(PG)and ungraded(UG)ones only acco...Astragali radix(AR,the dried root of Astragalus)is a popular herbal remedy in both China and the United States.The commercially available AR is commonly classified into premium graded(PG)and ungraded(UG)ones only according to the appearance.To uncover novel sensitive and specific markers for AR grading,we took the integrated mass spectrometry-based untargeted and targeted metabolomics approaches to characterize chemical features of PG and UG samples in a discovery set(n=16 batches).A series of five differential compounds were screened out by univariate statistical analysis,including arginine,calycosin,ononin,formononetin,and astragalosideⅣ,most of which were observed to be accumulated in PG samples except for astragalosideⅣ.Then,we performed machine learning on the quantification data of five compounds and constructed a logistic regression prediction model.Finally,the external validation in an independent validation set of AR(n=20 batches)verified that the five compounds,as well as the model,had strong capability to distinguish the two grades of AR,with the prediction accuracy>90%.Our findings present a panel of meaningful candidate markers that would significantly catalyze the innovation in AR grading.展开更多
Ultrasonic-assisted extraction(UAE)combined with medium pressure liquid chromatography(MPLC)was designed for carbazole separation from anthracene slag(AS).The effects of liquid/solid ratio,temperature,and extraction t...Ultrasonic-assisted extraction(UAE)combined with medium pressure liquid chromatography(MPLC)was designed for carbazole separation from anthracene slag(AS).The effects of liquid/solid ratio,temperature,and extraction times on carbazole separation were investigated.When using CC14 and ethyl acetate as extraction solvents and combining with MPLC,carbazole recovery and purity are 75.1%and 95.4%,respectively.The mechanism for carbazole separation were presumed by examining intermolecular interactions such as N-H…π,π-π,and C-Cl…πinteractions.These results demonstrate that UAE/MPLC has a considerable potential as a green and promising strategy for separating and purifying carbazole and other chemicals from AS.展开更多
Unfermented jujube pulp(UFJP),fermented jujube pulp(FJP)in high and low doses were fed to constipated ICR mice.Defecation function,serum gastrointestinal regulatory peptide,fecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)and gut ...Unfermented jujube pulp(UFJP),fermented jujube pulp(FJP)in high and low doses were fed to constipated ICR mice.Defecation function,serum gastrointestinal regulatory peptide,fecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)and gut microbial composition were assessed.Results showed that high-dose FJP could protect intestinal mucosa tissue,shorten the first black feces defecating time by 17%and increase the number and wet weights of black feces by 72%and 71%,respectively,within 6 h.High-dose FJP signifi cantly down-regulated the somatostatin level and up-regulated gastrin level in constipated mice,compared with low-dose FJP and UFJP.The high-dose FJP intervention regulated the microbiota profi le,which afterwards restored microbiota,like Bacteroidetes,Bifi dobacterium and Lactobacillus,to a less unhealthy state.This study provides convincing in vivo evidence that high-dose FJP supplementation through daily diet could be a promising approach to effectively alleviate constipation and modulate gut health.展开更多
We propose a pseudospin-field-dependent waveguide(PFDW)by constructing a sandwiched heterostructure consisting of three magneto-optical photonic crystals(MOPCs)with different geometric parameters.The upper expanded MO...We propose a pseudospin-field-dependent waveguide(PFDW)by constructing a sandwiched heterostructure consisting of three magneto-optical photonic crystals(MOPCs)with different geometric parameters.The upper expanded MOPC applied with an external magnetic field has broken time-reversal symmetry(TRS)and an analogous quantum spin Hall(QSH)effect,while the middle standard and the lower compressed ones are not magnetized and trivial.Attributed to the TRS-broken-QSH effect of the upper MOPC,the topological large-area one-way transmission that uniformly distributes over the middle domain is achieved and exhibits the characteristics of a pseudospin-field-momentum-locking;i.e.,pseudospin-down(or pseudospin-up)leftward(or rightward)waveguide state when the positive(or negative)magnetic field is applied on the upper MOPC.We further demonstrate the strong robustness of the PFDW against backscattering from various kinds of defects.In addition,a topological beam modulator that can compress or expand the light beam,and a large-area pseudospin beam splitter have been designed.These results have potential in various applications such as sensing,signal processing,and optical communications.展开更多
基金National Education Science“Thirteenth Five-Year Plan”Project(Research on the Mindfulness Integrated Prevention Model of Preschool Teachers’Burnout),Grant No.BBA190027.
文摘Background:Teacher burnout is a serious issue in the field of education,particularly in early childhood education,where teachers face high levels of work stress and emotional labor,leading to emotional exhaustion and job burnout.However,past research has not sufficiently explored the mechanisms of social skills,empathy,and mindfulness in mitigating teacher burnout.Therefore,this study aims to investigate the relationship between preschool teachers’social skills,empathy,and mindfulness with job burnout,in order to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for reducing teacher burnout.Methods:This research utilized a convenience sampling approach to target preschool teachers for a questionnaire survey.A total of 1109 questionnaires were collected.To ensure the quality of the data,we excluded questionnaires that were not carefully filled out in terms of lie scale questions,those with abnormal demographic variables,and outliers identified based on response time.Ultimately,901 valid questionnaires were obtained,achieving a valid response rate of 81.2%.Participants’levels of social skills,empathy,mindfulness,and job burnout were assessed using the Social Skills Scale(SKS),Empathy Scale(Measure of Empathy,ME),Mindful Attention Awareness Scale(MAAS),and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey(MBI-ES),respectively.Data analysis was conducted using SPSS.Results:After controlling for gender,age,teaching experience,educational level,grade taught,and location of the kindergarten,the study found:(1)There is a negative correlation between preschool teachers’social skills and the level of job burnout(r=−0.238);(2)Empathy has a dual-track effect on job burnout,where cognitive empathy negatively affects job burnout(r=−0.245),while emotional empathy has a positive effect(r=0.045);(3)Cognitive empathy partially mediates the relationship between social skills and job burnout(β=−0.124);(4)Mindfulness significantly impacts social skills,cognitive empathy,and job burnout(r=0.278;r=0.286;r=−0.539),and plays a moderating role in the mediation model(β=0.003;β=−0.023).Conclusion:These findings provide theoretical support for the development of burnout prevention and intervention strategies targeted at preschool teachers.They also point out new directions for future research and potential intervention targets,suggesting that enhancing preschool teachers’social skills and cognitive empathy,as well as increasing their mindfulness level,can help them cope with work-related stress and emotional labor,thereby alleviating job burnout.
基金This work was supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Grant No.:2017ZX09101001)the Open Project Program of MOE Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance(Grant No.:DQCP2017MS02),China.
文摘Astragali radix(AR,the dried root of Astragalus)is a popular herbal remedy in both China and the United States.The commercially available AR is commonly classified into premium graded(PG)and ungraded(UG)ones only according to the appearance.To uncover novel sensitive and specific markers for AR grading,we took the integrated mass spectrometry-based untargeted and targeted metabolomics approaches to characterize chemical features of PG and UG samples in a discovery set(n=16 batches).A series of five differential compounds were screened out by univariate statistical analysis,including arginine,calycosin,ononin,formononetin,and astragalosideⅣ,most of which were observed to be accumulated in PG samples except for astragalosideⅣ.Then,we performed machine learning on the quantification data of five compounds and constructed a logistic regression prediction model.Finally,the external validation in an independent validation set of AR(n=20 batches)verified that the five compounds,as well as the model,had strong capability to distinguish the two grades of AR,with the prediction accuracy>90%.Our findings present a panel of meaningful candidate markers that would significantly catalyze the innovation in AR grading.
基金Supported by the Key Project of Joint Fund for the research on Coal-Based Low Carbon Technology from National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Government of Shanxi(U1610223)Coal-based Key Scientific and Technological Projects of Shanxi Province(MJH2014-15)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB0604602).
文摘Ultrasonic-assisted extraction(UAE)combined with medium pressure liquid chromatography(MPLC)was designed for carbazole separation from anthracene slag(AS).The effects of liquid/solid ratio,temperature,and extraction times on carbazole separation were investigated.When using CC14 and ethyl acetate as extraction solvents and combining with MPLC,carbazole recovery and purity are 75.1%and 95.4%,respectively.The mechanism for carbazole separation were presumed by examining intermolecular interactions such as N-H…π,π-π,and C-Cl…πinteractions.These results demonstrate that UAE/MPLC has a considerable potential as a green and promising strategy for separating and purifying carbazole and other chemicals from AS.
基金supported by the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(2022TC124)open foundation of Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health.
文摘Unfermented jujube pulp(UFJP),fermented jujube pulp(FJP)in high and low doses were fed to constipated ICR mice.Defecation function,serum gastrointestinal regulatory peptide,fecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)and gut microbial composition were assessed.Results showed that high-dose FJP could protect intestinal mucosa tissue,shorten the first black feces defecating time by 17%and increase the number and wet weights of black feces by 72%and 71%,respectively,within 6 h.High-dose FJP signifi cantly down-regulated the somatostatin level and up-regulated gastrin level in constipated mice,compared with low-dose FJP and UFJP.The high-dose FJP intervention regulated the microbiota profi le,which afterwards restored microbiota,like Bacteroidetes,Bifi dobacterium and Lactobacillus,to a less unhealthy state.This study provides convincing in vivo evidence that high-dose FJP supplementation through daily diet could be a promising approach to effectively alleviate constipation and modulate gut health.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12074127)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2023A1515010951)+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0306200)R&D Projects in Key Areas of Guangdong Province(2020B010190001)。
文摘We propose a pseudospin-field-dependent waveguide(PFDW)by constructing a sandwiched heterostructure consisting of three magneto-optical photonic crystals(MOPCs)with different geometric parameters.The upper expanded MOPC applied with an external magnetic field has broken time-reversal symmetry(TRS)and an analogous quantum spin Hall(QSH)effect,while the middle standard and the lower compressed ones are not magnetized and trivial.Attributed to the TRS-broken-QSH effect of the upper MOPC,the topological large-area one-way transmission that uniformly distributes over the middle domain is achieved and exhibits the characteristics of a pseudospin-field-momentum-locking;i.e.,pseudospin-down(or pseudospin-up)leftward(or rightward)waveguide state when the positive(or negative)magnetic field is applied on the upper MOPC.We further demonstrate the strong robustness of the PFDW against backscattering from various kinds of defects.In addition,a topological beam modulator that can compress or expand the light beam,and a large-area pseudospin beam splitter have been designed.These results have potential in various applications such as sensing,signal processing,and optical communications.
