In this paper, first, we investigate a novel one-dimensional logistic-PWLCM（LP） modulation map which is derived from the logistic and PWLCM maps. Second, we propose a novel PCLML spatiotemporal chaos in pseudo-rando...In this paper, first, we investigate a novel one-dimensional logistic-PWLCM（LP） modulation map which is derived from the logistic and PWLCM maps. Second, we propose a novel PCLML spatiotemporal chaos in pseudo-random coupling method that can accelerate the system behavior of the fully spatial chaos. Here, because the better chaotic properties include a wide range of parameter settings and better ergodicity than a logistic map, the LP is used in PCLML as f（x）. The Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy density and universality and the bifurcation diagram are employed to investigate the chaotic behaviors of the proposed PCLML model. Finally, we apply the LP and PCLML chaotic systems to image encryption to improve the effectiveness and security of the encryption scheme. By combining self-generating matrix model M and dynamic substitution box（S-Box） methods, we design a new image encryption algorithm. Numerical simulations and security analysis have been carried out to demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has a high security level and can efficiently encrypt several different kinds of images into random-like images.展开更多
The rapid development of information technology has fueled an ever-increasing demand for ultrafast and ultralow-en-ergy-consumption computing.Existing computing instruments are pre-dominantly electronic processors,whi...The rapid development of information technology has fueled an ever-increasing demand for ultrafast and ultralow-en-ergy-consumption computing.Existing computing instruments are pre-dominantly electronic processors,which use elec-trons as information carriers and possess von Neumann architecture featured by physical separation of storage and pro-cessing.The scaling of computing speed is limited not only by data transfer between memory and processing units,but also by RC delay associated with integrated circuits.Moreover,excessive heating due to Ohmic losses is becoming a severe bottleneck for both speed and power consumption scaling.Using photons as information carriers is a promising alternative.Owing to the weak third-order optical nonlinearity of conventional materials,building integrated photonic com-puting chips under traditional von Neumann architecture has been a challenge.Here,we report a new all-optical comput-ing framework to realize ultrafast and ultralow-energy-consumption all-optical computing based on convolutional neural networks.The device is constructed from cascaded silicon Y-shaped waveguides with side-coupled silicon waveguide segments which we termed“weight modulators”to enable complete phase and amplitude control in each waveguide branch.The generic device concept can be used for equation solving,multifunctional logic operations as well as many other mathematical operations.Multiple computing functions including transcendental equation solvers,multifarious logic gate operators,and half-adders were experimentally demonstrated to validate the all-optical computing performances.The time-of-flight of light through the network structure corresponds to an ultrafast computing time of the order of several picoseconds with an ultralow energy consumption of dozens of femtojoules per bit.Our approach can be further expan-ded to fulfill other complex computing tasks based on non-von Neumann architectures and thus paves a new way for on-chip all-optical computing.展开更多
Objective:Several anti-programmed cell death 1(anti-PD-1)antibodies have demonstrated potential efficacy in the treatment of advanced esophageal squamous cell cancer(ESCC).However,the response to subsequent chemothera...Objective:Several anti-programmed cell death 1(anti-PD-1)antibodies have demonstrated potential efficacy in the treatment of advanced esophageal squamous cell cancer(ESCC).However,the response to subsequent chemotherapy after the failure of PD-1 blockade in ESCC patients has not been reported,and the optimal sequencing of immunotherapy and chemotherapy remains controversial.The aim of the present study was to evaluate responses to irinotecan-based subsequent chemotherapy in advanced ESCC patients who had progressed after treatment with camrelizumab(SHR-1210),a novel anti-PD-1 antibody.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with advanced ESCC treated with camrelizumab at a single institution.Consecutive patients who received subsequent irinotecan-based chemotherapy were selected for data collection and analysis.Results:Overall,a total of 28 patients were included.All patients had received at least two lines of systemic treatment prior to irinotecan salvage.The most common regimen that was administered after PD-1 blockade was irinotecan in combination with 5-fluorouracil(5-Fu)(or its derivatives),which was given to 19 patients.The objective response rate(ORR)and disease control rate(DCR)were 17.9%(5/28)and 64.3%(18/28),respectively,with 5(17.9%)patients achieving a partial response and 13(46.4%)having stable disease.The median progressionfree survival(PFS)was 3.18[95%confidence interval(95%CI),2.48-3.88]months and the median overall survival(OS)was 6.23(95%CI,4.71-7.75)months.No new safety issues,either immune-related or otherwise,were observed.Conclusions:Our results suggested that the response to irinotecan-based chemotherapy after PD-1 blockade in advanced ESCC patients appeared similar to that previously observed in patients who had not received PD-1 antibodies,and further study in larger cohorts or randomized trials is warranted to verify our observation.展开更多
Detection of community structures in the complex networks is significant to understand the network structures and analyze the network properties. However, it is still a problem on how to select initial seeds as well a...Detection of community structures in the complex networks is significant to understand the network structures and analyze the network properties. However, it is still a problem on how to select initial seeds as well as to determine the number of communities. In this paper, we proposed the detecting overlapping communities based on vital nodes algorithm（DOCBVA）, an algorithm based on vital nodes and initial seeds to detect overlapping communities. First, through some screening method, we find the vital nodes and then the seed communities through the pretreatment of vital nodes. This process differs from most existing methods, and the speed is faster. Then the seeds will be extended. We also adopt a new parameter of attribution degree to extend the seeds and find the overlapping communities. Finally, the remaining nodes that have not been processed in the first two steps will be reprocessed. The number of communities is likely to change until the end of algorithm. The experimental results using some real-world network data and artificial network data are satisfactory and can prove the superiority of the DOCBVA algorithm.展开更多
This paper proposes an image encryption algorithm based on spatiotemporal chaos and middle order traversal of a binary tree.Firstly,other programming software is used to perform the middle order traversal,and the plai...This paper proposes an image encryption algorithm based on spatiotemporal chaos and middle order traversal of a binary tree.Firstly,other programming software is used to perform the middle order traversal,and the plaintext image is sorted according to the middle order traversal sequence on the permutation.Secondly,the chaotic sequence is generated using the coupled map lattice to set the chaotic interference value.Finally,the XOR operation between the adjacent pixel values of the replacement image is completed to generate the ciphertext matrix.The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can resist typical attacks and has good robustness.展开更多
Based on the two-dimensional(2D)tan-sin-cos-coupling(2D-TSCC),a new image protection method is designed,this method includes steganography and encryption.First,a 2D-TSCC system is designed.The 2D-TSCC has a large para...Based on the two-dimensional(2D)tan-sin-cos-coupling(2D-TSCC),a new image protection method is designed,this method includes steganography and encryption.First,a 2D-TSCC system is designed.The 2D-TSCC has a large parameter space in a hyperchaotic state.The chaotic trajectory fills the entire window.The chaotic sequence generated by the 2D-TSCC has a good pseudorandomness,so it can be used in steganography and encryption.Then,the amount of information contained in each bit of the cover image is analyzed,and the three bits which carry the least amount of information are selected.The secret image is hidden in these three bits base on the 2D-TSCC.Finally,the carrier image is scrambled and diffused by the 2D-TSCC.The ciphertext is generated in this way.Send the ciphertext to the recipient through channel transmission,and the recipient obtains the secret image by decrypting twice.展开更多
We present a new cosine chaotic mapping proved by chaos theory test and analysis such that the system has good cryptography properties, wide chaos range, simple structure, and good sensitivity to initial value, and th...We present a new cosine chaotic mapping proved by chaos theory test and analysis such that the system has good cryptography properties, wide chaos range, simple structure, and good sensitivity to initial value, and the mapping can meet the needs of chaotic image encryption. Based on the cosine chaotic system, we propose a new encryption method. First,according to the cyclic characteristics of the mapping, the cyclic information wave is simulated. Second, the quasi-Doppler effect is used to synchronously scramble and diffuse the image to obfuscate the original pixel. Finally, the XOR diffusion of image pixels is carried out by information wave to further enhance the encryption effect. Simulation experiment and security analysis show that the algorithm has good security, can resist the common attack mode, and has good efficiency.展开更多
The topological photonics plays an important role in the fields of fundamental physics and photonic devices.The traditional method of designing topological system is based on the momentum space,which is not a direct a...The topological photonics plays an important role in the fields of fundamental physics and photonic devices.The traditional method of designing topological system is based on the momentum space,which is not a direct and convenient way to grasp the topological properties,especially for the perturbative structures or coupled systems.Here,we propose an interdisciplinary approach to study the topological systems in real space through combining the information entropy and topological photonics.As a proof of concept,the Kagome model has been analyzed with information entropy.We reveal that the bandgap closing does not correspond to the topological edge state disappearing.This method can be used to identify the topological phase conveniently and directly,even the systems with perturbations or couplings.As a promotional validation,Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model and the valley-Hall photonic crystal have also been studied based on the information entropy method.This work provides a method to study topological photonic phase based on information theory,and brings inspiration to analyze the physical properties by taking advantage of interdisciplinarity.展开更多
Background:Effective therapeutic options are limited for patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).The incorporation of an immune checkpoint inhibitor and a molecular anti-angiogenic agent into t...Background:Effective therapeutic options are limited for patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).The incorporation of an immune checkpoint inhibitor and a molecular anti-angiogenic agent into the commonly adopted chemotherapy may produce synergistic effects.Therefore,we aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of camrelizumab plus apatinib combined with chemotherapy as the first-line treatment of advanced ESCC.Methods:In this single-arm prospective phase II trial,patients with unresectable locally advanced or recurrent/metastatic ESCC received camrelizumab 200 mg,liposomal paclitaxel 150 mg/m2,and nedaplatin 50 mg/m2 on day 1,and apatinib 250 mg on days 1-14.The treatments were repeated every 14 days for up to 9 cycles,followed by maintenance therapy with camrelizumab and apatinib.The primary endpoint was objective response rate(ORR)according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(version 1.1).Secondary endpoints included disease control rate(DCR),progression-free survival(PFS),overall survival(OS),and safety.Results:We enrolled 30 patients between August 7,2018 and February 23,2019.The median follow-up was 24.98 months(95%confidence interval[CI]:23.05-26.16 months).The centrally assessed ORR was 80.0%(95%CI:61.4%-92.3%),with a median duration of response of 9.77 months(range:1.54 to 24.82+months).The DCR reached 96.7%(95%CI:82.8%-99.9%).The median PFS was 6.85 months(95%CI:4.46-14.20 months),and the median OS was 19.43 months(95%CI:9.93 months–not reached).The most common grade 3-4 treatmentrelated adverse events(AEs)were leukopenia(83.3%),neutropenia(60.0%),and increased aspartate aminotransferase level(26.7%).Treatment-related serious AEs included febrile neutropenia,leukopenia,and anorexia in one patient(3.3%),and single cases of increased blood bilirubin level(3.3%)and toxic epidermal necrolysis(3.3%).No treatment-related deaths occurred.Conclusions:Camrelizumab plus apatinib combined with liposomal paclitaxel and nedaplatin as first-line treatment demonstrated feasible anti-tumor activity and manageable safety in patients with advanced ESCC.Randomized trials to evaluate this new combination strategy are warranted.Trial registration:This trial was registered on July 27,2018,at ClinicalTrials.gov(identifier:NCT03603756).展开更多
Owing to the further requirement for electric vehicle market, it is appropriate to lower the cost and improve the energy density of lithium-ion batteries by adopting the Co-free and Ni-rich layered cathodes.However, t...Owing to the further requirement for electric vehicle market, it is appropriate to lower the cost and improve the energy density of lithium-ion batteries by adopting the Co-free and Ni-rich layered cathodes.However, their practical application is severely limited by structural instability and slow kinetics. Herein,ultrahigh-nickel cobalt-free LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) cathode is elaborate designed via in-situ trace substitution of tungsten by a wet co-precipitation method following by high-temperature sintering. It is revealed that the in-situ doping strategy of high valence W^(6+) can effectively improve the structure stability by reducing irreversible phase transition and suppressing the formation of microcracks. Moreover, the transformed fine particles determined by W-doping can facilitate the kinetic characteristics by shortening Li^(+) diffusion paths. As expected, 0.3 mol% W-doped LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) cathode exhibits a high specific capacity of 143.5 mAh/g after 200 cycles at high rate of 5 C in the wide potential range of 2.8-4.5 V, representing a potential next-generation cathode with low-cost, high energy-density and fast-charging capabilities.展开更多
Nonreciprocal interlayer coupling is difcult to practically implement in bilayer non-Hermitian topological photonic systems.In this work,we identify a similarity transformation between the Hamiltonians of systems with...Nonreciprocal interlayer coupling is difcult to practically implement in bilayer non-Hermitian topological photonic systems.In this work,we identify a similarity transformation between the Hamiltonians of systems with nonreciprocal interlayer coupling and on-site gain/loss.The similarity transformation is widely applicable,and we show its application in one-and two-dimensional bilayer topological systems as examples.The bilayer non-Hermitian system with nonreciprocal interlayer coupling,whose topological number can be defned using the gauge-smoothed Wilson loop,is topologically equivalent to the bilayer system with on-site gain/loss.We also show that the topological number of bilayer non-Hermitian C6v-typed domaininduced topological interface states can be defned in the same way as in the case of the bilayer non-Hermitian Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model.Our results show the relations between two microscopic provenances of the non-Hermiticity and provide a universal and convenient scheme for constructing and studying nonreciprocal interlayer coupling in bilayer non-Hermitian topological systems.This scheme is useful for observation of non-Hermitian skin efect in three-dimensional systems.展开更多
To the Editor:Testicular tumor represents 1%of male neoplasms and 5%of urogenital tumors.Non-seminomatous germ cell tumor(NSGCT)accounts for nearly 40%of all testicular cancers.The survival of patients with NSGCT has ...To the Editor:Testicular tumor represents 1%of male neoplasms and 5%of urogenital tumors.Non-seminomatous germ cell tumor(NSGCT)accounts for nearly 40%of all testicular cancers.The survival of patients with NSGCT has been improved because of advanced multimodal therapies(orchiectomy,and if necessary,subsequent chemotherapy).[1]However,to the best of our knowledge,survival of NSGCT patients has not been studied in a large Chinese cohort yet.Therefore,this study assessed the clinical characteristics,treatments,and outcomes of patients with NSGCT.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61672124,61370145,and 61173183)the Password Theory Project of the13th Five-Year Plan National Cryptography Development Fund,China(Grant No.MMJJ20170203)+1 种基金the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Fujian Province Universitythe Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(Grant No.2018J01100)
文摘In this paper, first, we investigate a novel one-dimensional logistic-PWLCM（LP） modulation map which is derived from the logistic and PWLCM maps. Second, we propose a novel PCLML spatiotemporal chaos in pseudo-random coupling method that can accelerate the system behavior of the fully spatial chaos. Here, because the better chaotic properties include a wide range of parameter settings and better ergodicity than a logistic map, the LP is used in PCLML as f（x）. The Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy density and universality and the bifurcation diagram are employed to investigate the chaotic behaviors of the proposed PCLML model. Finally, we apply the LP and PCLML chaotic systems to image encryption to improve the effectiveness and security of the encryption scheme. By combining self-generating matrix model M and dynamic substitution box（S-Box） methods, we design a new image encryption algorithm. Numerical simulations and security analysis have been carried out to demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has a high security level and can efficiently encrypt several different kinds of images into random-like images.
基金financial supports from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB2200403)National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(NSFC)(61775003,11734001,91950204,11527901,11604378,91850117).
文摘The rapid development of information technology has fueled an ever-increasing demand for ultrafast and ultralow-en-ergy-consumption computing.Existing computing instruments are pre-dominantly electronic processors,which use elec-trons as information carriers and possess von Neumann architecture featured by physical separation of storage and pro-cessing.The scaling of computing speed is limited not only by data transfer between memory and processing units,but also by RC delay associated with integrated circuits.Moreover,excessive heating due to Ohmic losses is becoming a severe bottleneck for both speed and power consumption scaling.Using photons as information carriers is a promising alternative.Owing to the weak third-order optical nonlinearity of conventional materials,building integrated photonic com-puting chips under traditional von Neumann architecture has been a challenge.Here,we report a new all-optical comput-ing framework to realize ultrafast and ultralow-energy-consumption all-optical computing based on convolutional neural networks.The device is constructed from cascaded silicon Y-shaped waveguides with side-coupled silicon waveguide segments which we termed“weight modulators”to enable complete phase and amplitude control in each waveguide branch.The generic device concept can be used for equation solving,multifunctional logic operations as well as many other mathematical operations.Multiple computing functions including transcendental equation solvers,multifarious logic gate operators,and half-adders were experimentally demonstrated to validate the all-optical computing performances.The time-of-flight of light through the network structure corresponds to an ultrafast computing time of the order of several picoseconds with an ultralow energy consumption of dozens of femtojoules per bit.Our approach can be further expan-ded to fulfill other complex computing tasks based on non-von Neumann architectures and thus paves a new way for on-chip all-optical computing.
基金partially supported by the Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research (No. CFH2018-44024)
文摘Objective:Several anti-programmed cell death 1(anti-PD-1)antibodies have demonstrated potential efficacy in the treatment of advanced esophageal squamous cell cancer(ESCC).However,the response to subsequent chemotherapy after the failure of PD-1 blockade in ESCC patients has not been reported,and the optimal sequencing of immunotherapy and chemotherapy remains controversial.The aim of the present study was to evaluate responses to irinotecan-based subsequent chemotherapy in advanced ESCC patients who had progressed after treatment with camrelizumab(SHR-1210),a novel anti-PD-1 antibody.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with advanced ESCC treated with camrelizumab at a single institution.Consecutive patients who received subsequent irinotecan-based chemotherapy were selected for data collection and analysis.Results:Overall,a total of 28 patients were included.All patients had received at least two lines of systemic treatment prior to irinotecan salvage.The most common regimen that was administered after PD-1 blockade was irinotecan in combination with 5-fluorouracil(5-Fu)(or its derivatives),which was given to 19 patients.The objective response rate(ORR)and disease control rate(DCR)were 17.9%(5/28)and 64.3%(18/28),respectively,with 5(17.9%)patients achieving a partial response and 13(46.4%)having stable disease.The median progressionfree survival(PFS)was 3.18[95%confidence interval(95%CI),2.48-3.88]months and the median overall survival(OS)was 6.23(95%CI,4.71-7.75)months.No new safety issues,either immune-related or otherwise,were observed.Conclusions:Our results suggested that the response to irinotecan-based chemotherapy after PD-1 blockade in advanced ESCC patients appeared similar to that previously observed in patients who had not received PD-1 antibodies,and further study in larger cohorts or randomized trials is warranted to verify our observation.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61672124,61370145,61173183,and 61503375)the Password Theory Project of the 13th Five-Year Plan National Cryptography Development Fund,China(Grant No.MMJJ20170203)
文摘Detection of community structures in the complex networks is significant to understand the network structures and analyze the network properties. However, it is still a problem on how to select initial seeds as well as to determine the number of communities. In this paper, we proposed the detecting overlapping communities based on vital nodes algorithm（DOCBVA）, an algorithm based on vital nodes and initial seeds to detect overlapping communities. First, through some screening method, we find the vital nodes and then the seed communities through the pretreatment of vital nodes. This process differs from most existing methods, and the speed is faster. Then the seeds will be extended. We also adopt a new parameter of attribution degree to extend the seeds and find the overlapping communities. Finally, the remaining nodes that have not been processed in the first two steps will be reprocessed. The number of communities is likely to change until the end of algorithm. The experimental results using some real-world network data and artificial network data are satisfactory and can prove the superiority of the DOCBVA algorithm.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61672124)the Password Theory Project of the 13th Five-Year Plan National Cryptography Development Fund(Grant No.MMJJ20170203)+2 种基金Liaoning Province Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talents Program Project(Grant No.XLYC1802013)Key Research and Development Projects of Liaoning Province,China(Grant No.2019020105-JH2/103)Jinan City‘20 universities’Funding Projects Introducing Innovation Team Program(Grant No.2019GXRC031).
文摘This paper proposes an image encryption algorithm based on spatiotemporal chaos and middle order traversal of a binary tree.Firstly,other programming software is used to perform the middle order traversal,and the plaintext image is sorted according to the middle order traversal sequence on the permutation.Secondly,the chaotic sequence is generated using the coupled map lattice to set the chaotic interference value.Finally,the XOR operation between the adjacent pixel values of the replacement image is completed to generate the ciphertext matrix.The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can resist typical attacks and has good robustness.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61672124)the Password Theory Project of the 13th Five-Year Plan National Cryptography Development Fund (Grant No. MMJJ20170203)+3 种基金Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talents Program Project,China (Grant No. XLYC1802013)Key Research and Development Projects of Liaoning Province,China (Grant No. 2019020105-JH2/103)Jinan City ‘20 Universities’ Funding Projects Introducing Innovation Team Program (Grant No. 2019GXRC031)Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multi-source Information Mining&Security (Grant No. MIMS20-M-02)
文摘Based on the two-dimensional(2D)tan-sin-cos-coupling(2D-TSCC),a new image protection method is designed,this method includes steganography and encryption.First,a 2D-TSCC system is designed.The 2D-TSCC has a large parameter space in a hyperchaotic state.The chaotic trajectory fills the entire window.The chaotic sequence generated by the 2D-TSCC has a good pseudorandomness,so it can be used in steganography and encryption.Then,the amount of information contained in each bit of the cover image is analyzed,and the three bits which carry the least amount of information are selected.The secret image is hidden in these three bits base on the 2D-TSCC.Finally,the carrier image is scrambled and diffused by the 2D-TSCC.The ciphertext is generated in this way.Send the ciphertext to the recipient through channel transmission,and the recipient obtains the secret image by decrypting twice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61672124)the Password Theory Project of the 13th Five-Year Plan National Cryptography Development Fund(Grant No.MMJJ20170203)+3 种基金the Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talents Program(Grant No.XLYC1802013)the Key R&D Project of Liaoning Province(Grant No.2019020105-JH2/103)Jinan City‘20 Universities’Funding Projects Introducing Innovation Team Program(Grant No.2019GXRC031)Research Fund of Guangxi Key Lab of Multi-source Information Mining&Security(Grant No.MIMS20-M-02)。
文摘We present a new cosine chaotic mapping proved by chaos theory test and analysis such that the system has good cryptography properties, wide chaos range, simple structure, and good sensitivity to initial value, and the mapping can meet the needs of chaotic image encryption. Based on the cosine chaotic system, we propose a new encryption method. First,according to the cyclic characteristics of the mapping, the cyclic information wave is simulated. Second, the quasi-Doppler effect is used to synchronously scramble and diffuse the image to obfuscate the original pixel. Finally, the XOR diffusion of image pixels is carried out by information wave to further enhance the encryption effect. Simulation experiment and security analysis show that the algorithm has good security, can resist the common attack mode, and has good efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92150302,12274031 and 62175009)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(No.2021ZD0301500)+3 种基金Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Teli Young Fellows,Beijing Institute of Technology Science and Technology Innovation Plan Innovative Talents Science and Technology Funding Special Plan(2022CX01006)Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics(No.KF202114)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.A2021201009)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M740121).
文摘The topological photonics plays an important role in the fields of fundamental physics and photonic devices.The traditional method of designing topological system is based on the momentum space,which is not a direct and convenient way to grasp the topological properties,especially for the perturbative structures or coupled systems.Here,we propose an interdisciplinary approach to study the topological systems in real space through combining the information entropy and topological photonics.As a proof of concept,the Kagome model has been analyzed with information entropy.We reveal that the bandgap closing does not correspond to the topological edge state disappearing.This method can be used to identify the topological phase conveniently and directly,even the systems with perturbations or couplings.As a promotional validation,Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model and the valley-Hall photonic crystal have also been studied based on the information entropy method.This work provides a method to study topological photonic phase based on information theory,and brings inspiration to analyze the physical properties by taking advantage of interdisciplinarity.
基金This study was supported by the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO)-Hengrui Oncology Research Fund(No.Y-HR2018-364)。
文摘Background:Effective therapeutic options are limited for patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).The incorporation of an immune checkpoint inhibitor and a molecular anti-angiogenic agent into the commonly adopted chemotherapy may produce synergistic effects.Therefore,we aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of camrelizumab plus apatinib combined with chemotherapy as the first-line treatment of advanced ESCC.Methods:In this single-arm prospective phase II trial,patients with unresectable locally advanced or recurrent/metastatic ESCC received camrelizumab 200 mg,liposomal paclitaxel 150 mg/m2,and nedaplatin 50 mg/m2 on day 1,and apatinib 250 mg on days 1-14.The treatments were repeated every 14 days for up to 9 cycles,followed by maintenance therapy with camrelizumab and apatinib.The primary endpoint was objective response rate(ORR)according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(version 1.1).Secondary endpoints included disease control rate(DCR),progression-free survival(PFS),overall survival(OS),and safety.Results:We enrolled 30 patients between August 7,2018 and February 23,2019.The median follow-up was 24.98 months(95%confidence interval[CI]:23.05-26.16 months).The centrally assessed ORR was 80.0%(95%CI:61.4%-92.3%),with a median duration of response of 9.77 months(range:1.54 to 24.82+months).The DCR reached 96.7%(95%CI:82.8%-99.9%).The median PFS was 6.85 months(95%CI:4.46-14.20 months),and the median OS was 19.43 months(95%CI:9.93 months–not reached).The most common grade 3-4 treatmentrelated adverse events(AEs)were leukopenia(83.3%),neutropenia(60.0%),and increased aspartate aminotransferase level(26.7%).Treatment-related serious AEs included febrile neutropenia,leukopenia,and anorexia in one patient(3.3%),and single cases of increased blood bilirubin level(3.3%)and toxic epidermal necrolysis(3.3%).No treatment-related deaths occurred.Conclusions:Camrelizumab plus apatinib combined with liposomal paclitaxel and nedaplatin as first-line treatment demonstrated feasible anti-tumor activity and manageable safety in patients with advanced ESCC.Randomized trials to evaluate this new combination strategy are warranted.Trial registration:This trial was registered on July 27,2018,at ClinicalTrials.gov(identifier:NCT03603756).
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51908555, 52070194)。
文摘Owing to the further requirement for electric vehicle market, it is appropriate to lower the cost and improve the energy density of lithium-ion batteries by adopting the Co-free and Ni-rich layered cathodes.However, their practical application is severely limited by structural instability and slow kinetics. Herein,ultrahigh-nickel cobalt-free LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) cathode is elaborate designed via in-situ trace substitution of tungsten by a wet co-precipitation method following by high-temperature sintering. It is revealed that the in-situ doping strategy of high valence W^(6+) can effectively improve the structure stability by reducing irreversible phase transition and suppressing the formation of microcracks. Moreover, the transformed fine particles determined by W-doping can facilitate the kinetic characteristics by shortening Li^(+) diffusion paths. As expected, 0.3 mol% W-doped LiNi_(0.9)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) cathode exhibits a high specific capacity of 143.5 mAh/g after 200 cycles at high rate of 5 C in the wide potential range of 2.8-4.5 V, representing a potential next-generation cathode with low-cost, high energy-density and fast-charging capabilities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91950204,92150302,and 62175009)Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(No.2021ZD0301500)Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics(No.KF202114).
文摘Nonreciprocal interlayer coupling is difcult to practically implement in bilayer non-Hermitian topological photonic systems.In this work,we identify a similarity transformation between the Hamiltonians of systems with nonreciprocal interlayer coupling and on-site gain/loss.The similarity transformation is widely applicable,and we show its application in one-and two-dimensional bilayer topological systems as examples.The bilayer non-Hermitian system with nonreciprocal interlayer coupling,whose topological number can be defned using the gauge-smoothed Wilson loop,is topologically equivalent to the bilayer system with on-site gain/loss.We also show that the topological number of bilayer non-Hermitian C6v-typed domaininduced topological interface states can be defned in the same way as in the case of the bilayer non-Hermitian Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model.Our results show the relations between two microscopic provenances of the non-Hermiticity and provide a universal and convenient scheme for constructing and studying nonreciprocal interlayer coupling in bilayer non-Hermitian topological systems.This scheme is useful for observation of non-Hermitian skin efect in three-dimensional systems.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81370855,81770857,and 81200551)the Project of Sichuan Province Science and Technology Department(Nos.2015SZ0230 and 2017KJT0034).
文摘To the Editor:Testicular tumor represents 1%of male neoplasms and 5%of urogenital tumors.Non-seminomatous germ cell tumor(NSGCT)accounts for nearly 40%of all testicular cancers.The survival of patients with NSGCT has been improved because of advanced multimodal therapies(orchiectomy,and if necessary,subsequent chemotherapy).[1]However,to the best of our knowledge,survival of NSGCT patients has not been studied in a large Chinese cohort yet.Therefore,this study assessed the clinical characteristics,treatments,and outcomes of patients with NSGCT.
