Electrochromic technology has gained significant attention in various fields such as displays,smart windows,biomedical monitoring,military camouflage,human-machine interaction,and electronic skin due to its ability to...Electrochromic technology has gained significant attention in various fields such as displays,smart windows,biomedical monitoring,military camouflage,human-machine interaction,and electronic skin due to its ability to provide reversible and fast color changes under applied voltage.With the rapid development and increasing demand for flexible electronics,flexible electrochromic devices(FECDs)that offer smarter and more controllable light modulation hold great promise for practical applications.The electrochromic material(ECM)undergoing color changes during the electrochemical reactions is one of the key components in electrochromic devices.Among the ECMs,viologens,a family of organic small molecules with 1,1'-disubstituted-4,4'-dipyridinium salts,have garnered extensive research interest,due to their well-reversible redox reactions,excellent electron acceptance ability,and the ability to produce multiple colors.Notably,viologen-based FECDs demonstrate color changes in the liquid or semisolid electrolyte layer,eliminating the need for two solid electrodes and thus simplifying the device structure.Consequently,viologens offer significant potential for the development of FECDs with high optical contrast,fast response speed,and excellent stability.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the progress and perspectives of viologen-based FECDs.It begins by summarizing the typical structure and recent exciting developments in viologen-based FECDs,along with their advantages and disadvantages.Furthermore,the review discusses recent advancements in FECDs with additional functionalities such as sensing,photochromism,and energy storage.Finally,the remaining challenges and potential research directions for the future of viologen-based FECDs are addressed.展开更多
Phospholipase A_(2)(PLA_(2))is a critical biomarker of many diseases.Among various fluorescent probes,the ratiometric ones have shown great promise because they can provide built-in calibration to avoid interference f...Phospholipase A_(2)(PLA_(2))is a critical biomarker of many diseases.Among various fluorescent probes,the ratiometric ones have shown great promise because they can provide built-in calibration to avoid interference from analyte-independent factors by simultaneously monitoring two or more fluorescence peaks.Herein,we develop a biomimetic membrane-coated ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe for the detection of PLA_(2).In this design,silica nanoparticles modified with fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)are functionalized with a layer of biomimetic membrane that is loaded with Dil dye.Therefore,when the nanocomposite is illuminated by 488 nm incident light,in addition to the fluorescence of FITC centered at 522 nm,that of Dil peaked at 568 nm originating from the energy transfer from FITC to Dil can also be monitored,forming a ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe.When the target PLA_(2)is added,FITC and Dil will no longer be in close proximity because it hydrolyzes the biomimetic membrane,cutting off the energy flow between the two dyes.Consequently,the ratiometric fluorescent signal of the nanoprobe is altered to quantitatively reflect the content of PLA_(2).This study provides an effective approach to PLA_(2)detection,and the biomimetic membrane-mediated ratiometric design is promising in developing a new generation of biosensors.展开更多
Functional networks(FNs)hold significant promise in understanding brain function.Independent component analysis(ICA)has been applied in estimating FNs from functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).However,determini...Functional networks(FNs)hold significant promise in understanding brain function.Independent component analysis(ICA)has been applied in estimating FNs from functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).However,determining an optimal model order for ICA remains challenging,leading to criticism about the reliability of FN estimation.Here,we propose a SMART(splitting-merging assisted reliable)ICA method that automatically extracts reliable FNs by clustering independent components(ICs)obtained from multi-model-order ICA using a simplified graph while providing linkages among FNs deduced from different-model orders.We extend SMART ICA to multi-subject fMRI analysis,validating its effectiveness using simulated and real fMRI data.Based on simulated data,the method accurately estimates both group-common and group-unique components and demonstrates robustness to parameters.Using two age-matched cohorts of resting fMRI data comprising 1,950 healthy subjects,the resulting reliable group-level FNs are greatly similar between the two cohorts,and interestingly the subject-specific FNs show progressive changes while age increases.Furthermore,both small-scale and large-scale brain FN templates are provided as benchmarks for future studies.Taken together,SMART ICA can automatically obtain reliable FNs in analyzing multi-subject fMRI data,while also providing linkages between different FNs.展开更多
We report on an improved ytterbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet thin-disk multi-pass amplifier for kilowatt-level ultrafast lasers,showcasing excellent beam quality.At a repetition rate of 800 kHz,the 6.8 ps,276 W se...We report on an improved ytterbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet thin-disk multi-pass amplifier for kilowatt-level ultrafast lasers,showcasing excellent beam quality.At a repetition rate of 800 kHz,the 6.8 ps,276 W seed laser is amplified up to an average power of 1075 W,corresponding to a pulse energy of 1.34 mJ.The 36-pass amplifier is designed as a compact mirror array in which the beam alternately propagates between the mirrors and the disk by a quasi-collimated state.We adopted a quasi-collimated propagation to confine stray and diffracted light by the slight curvature of the disk,which enables us to achieve an outstanding extraction efficiency of up to 57%with excellent beam quality in stable laser operation at high power.The beam quality at 1075 W was measured to be M^(2)<1.51.Furthermore,stability testing was demonstrated with a root-mean-square power fiuctuation of less than 1.67%for 10 min.展开更多
Large scale genomic aberrations including duplication,deletion,translocation,and other structural changes are the cause of a subtype of hereditary genetic disorders and contribute to onset or progress of cancer.The cu...Large scale genomic aberrations including duplication,deletion,translocation,and other structural changes are the cause of a subtype of hereditary genetic disorders and contribute to onset or progress of cancer.The current prime editor,PE2,consisting of Cas9-nickase and reverse transcriptase enables efficient editing of genomic deletion and insertion,however,at small scale.Here,we designed a novel prime editor by fusing reverse transcriptase(RT)to nuclease wild-type Cas9(WT-PE)to edit large genomic fragment.展开更多
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22105106)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20210603)+1 种基金the Nanjing Science and Technology Innovation Project for overseas Students(NJKCZYZZ2022–05)the Start-up Funding from NUPTSF(NY221003)。
文摘Electrochromic technology has gained significant attention in various fields such as displays,smart windows,biomedical monitoring,military camouflage,human-machine interaction,and electronic skin due to its ability to provide reversible and fast color changes under applied voltage.With the rapid development and increasing demand for flexible electronics,flexible electrochromic devices(FECDs)that offer smarter and more controllable light modulation hold great promise for practical applications.The electrochromic material(ECM)undergoing color changes during the electrochemical reactions is one of the key components in electrochromic devices.Among the ECMs,viologens,a family of organic small molecules with 1,1'-disubstituted-4,4'-dipyridinium salts,have garnered extensive research interest,due to their well-reversible redox reactions,excellent electron acceptance ability,and the ability to produce multiple colors.Notably,viologen-based FECDs demonstrate color changes in the liquid or semisolid electrolyte layer,eliminating the need for two solid electrodes and thus simplifying the device structure.Consequently,viologens offer significant potential for the development of FECDs with high optical contrast,fast response speed,and excellent stability.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the progress and perspectives of viologen-based FECDs.It begins by summarizing the typical structure and recent exciting developments in viologen-based FECDs,along with their advantages and disadvantages.Furthermore,the review discusses recent advancements in FECDs with additional functionalities such as sensing,photochromism,and energy storage.Finally,the remaining challenges and potential research directions for the future of viologen-based FECDs are addressed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21904083)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT_15R43)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202201009,GK202101001,and GK202305001)the Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi Province(2021TD-42).
文摘Phospholipase A_(2)(PLA_(2))is a critical biomarker of many diseases.Among various fluorescent probes,the ratiometric ones have shown great promise because they can provide built-in calibration to avoid interference from analyte-independent factors by simultaneously monitoring two or more fluorescence peaks.Herein,we develop a biomimetic membrane-coated ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe for the detection of PLA_(2).In this design,silica nanoparticles modified with fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)are functionalized with a layer of biomimetic membrane that is loaded with Dil dye.Therefore,when the nanocomposite is illuminated by 488 nm incident light,in addition to the fluorescence of FITC centered at 522 nm,that of Dil peaked at 568 nm originating from the energy transfer from FITC to Dil can also be monitored,forming a ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe.When the target PLA_(2)is added,FITC and Dil will no longer be in close proximity because it hydrolyzes the biomimetic membrane,cutting off the energy flow between the two dyes.Consequently,the ratiometric fluorescent signal of the nanoprobe is altered to quantitatively reflect the content of PLA_(2).This study provides an effective approach to PLA_(2)detection,and the biomimetic membrane-mediated ratiometric design is promising in developing a new generation of biosensors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62076157 and 61703253)the Fund Program for the Scientific Activities of Selected Returned Overseas Professionals in Shanxi Province(20210033)the National Institutes of Health(R01MH123610 and R01EB006841).
文摘Functional networks(FNs)hold significant promise in understanding brain function.Independent component analysis(ICA)has been applied in estimating FNs from functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).However,determining an optimal model order for ICA remains challenging,leading to criticism about the reliability of FN estimation.Here,we propose a SMART(splitting-merging assisted reliable)ICA method that automatically extracts reliable FNs by clustering independent components(ICs)obtained from multi-model-order ICA using a simplified graph while providing linkages among FNs deduced from different-model orders.We extend SMART ICA to multi-subject fMRI analysis,validating its effectiveness using simulated and real fMRI data.Based on simulated data,the method accurately estimates both group-common and group-unique components and demonstrates robustness to parameters.Using two age-matched cohorts of resting fMRI data comprising 1,950 healthy subjects,the resulting reliable group-level FNs are greatly similar between the two cohorts,and interestingly the subject-specific FNs show progressive changes while age increases.Furthermore,both small-scale and large-scale brain FN templates are provided as benchmarks for future studies.Taken together,SMART ICA can automatically obtain reliable FNs in analyzing multi-subject fMRI data,while also providing linkages between different FNs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3605800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62105225,62275174,61975136,61935014)+3 种基金Shenzhen University Stability Support Project(20220719104008001)Natural Science Foundation of Top Talent of Shenzhen Technology University(GDRC202106)Pingshan Special Funds for Scientific and Technological Innovation(PSKG202003,PSKG202007)Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Materials for Advanced MEMS Sensor Chip(2022GCZX005)。
文摘We report on an improved ytterbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet thin-disk multi-pass amplifier for kilowatt-level ultrafast lasers,showcasing excellent beam quality.At a repetition rate of 800 kHz,the 6.8 ps,276 W seed laser is amplified up to an average power of 1075 W,corresponding to a pulse energy of 1.34 mJ.The 36-pass amplifier is designed as a compact mirror array in which the beam alternately propagates between the mirrors and the disk by a quasi-collimated state.We adopted a quasi-collimated propagation to confine stray and diffracted light by the slight curvature of the disk,which enables us to achieve an outstanding extraction efficiency of up to 57%with excellent beam quality in stable laser operation at high power.The beam quality at 1075 W was measured to be M^(2)<1.51.Furthermore,stability testing was demonstrated with a root-mean-square power fiuctuation of less than 1.67%for 10 min.
基金We thank Yang Yang for providing python script for HTS data analysis.This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.No.U19A2002,No.81771220 and No.81974238.
文摘Large scale genomic aberrations including duplication,deletion,translocation,and other structural changes are the cause of a subtype of hereditary genetic disorders and contribute to onset or progress of cancer.The current prime editor,PE2,consisting of Cas9-nickase and reverse transcriptase enables efficient editing of genomic deletion and insertion,however,at small scale.Here,we designed a novel prime editor by fusing reverse transcriptase(RT)to nuclease wild-type Cas9(WT-PE)to edit large genomic fragment.
