Auxin response factors(ARFs)are involved in auxin-mediated transcriptional regulation in plants.In this study,we performed functional characterization of SlARF6A in tomato.SlARF6A is located in the nucleus and exhibit...Auxin response factors(ARFs)are involved in auxin-mediated transcriptional regulation in plants.In this study,we performed functional characterization of SlARF6A in tomato.SlARF6A is located in the nucleus and exhibits transcriptional activator activity.Overexpression of SlARF6A increased chlorophyll contents in the fruits and leaves of tomato plants,whereas downregulation of SlARF6A decreased chlorophyll contents compared with those of wild-type(WT)plants.Analysis of chloroplasts using transmission electron microscopy indicated increased sizes of chloroplasts in SlARF6A-overexpressing plants and decreased numbers of chloroplasts in SlARF6A-downregulated plants.Overexpression of SlARF6A increased the photosynthesis rate and accumulation of starch and soluble sugars,whereas knockdown of SlARF6A resulted in opposite phenotypes in tomato leaves and fruits.RNA-sequence analysis showed that regulation of SlARF6A expression altered the expression of genes involved in chlorophyll metabolism,photosynthesis and sugar metabolism.SlARF6A directly bound to the promoters of SlGLK1,CAB,and RbcS genes and positively regulated the expression of these genes.Overexpression of SlARF6A also inhibited fruit ripening and ethylene production,whereas downregulation of SlARF6A increased fruit ripening and ethylene production.SlARF6A directly bound to the SAMS1 promoter and negatively regulated SAMS1 expression.Taken together,these results expand our understanding of ARFs with regard to photosynthesis,sugar accumulation and fruit development and provide a potential target for genetic engineering to improve fruit nutrition in horticulture crops.展开更多
Vascular tissue serves as the channel for nutrient transport and signal transduc-tion between different organs in plants. To study molecular identity and behavior of mobile substances transmitted between organs via ...Vascular tissue serves as the channel for nutrient transport and signal transduc-tion between different organs in plants. To study molecular identity and behavior of mobile substances transmitted between organs via vascular tissue, it is necessary to collect exudate from stem or other organs. Modifed stem-cutting method for exudate collection in soybean was used in this study by selecting the optimum sampling time and position, using reagents preventing RNA degradation, etc. Diurnal dynamics analysis of exudate emission was found to be the highest during 10：00-10：10 am. Totally 15 μL pure exudate was collected from the stem cut between cotyledonary and unifoliolate nodes at V1 stage （unifoliolate just expanded） of young soybean seedling. Improved TRIzol method was used to extract RNA and protein from stem exudate. A phloem specifc gene of Glycine max sieve element occlusion s, SEO, in exudate samples was successfully amplifed by RT-PCR, which comfrmed the success of RNA extraction. SDS-PAGE showed the majority of proteins in exudate were of low molec-ular weight. Method proposed in this study would facilitate collection of quality exudate and enhance further investigation of mobile substances in soybean.展开更多
Conventional microscopes designed for submicron resolution in biological research are hindered by a limited field of view,typically around 1 mm.This restriction poses a challenge when attempting to simultaneously anal...Conventional microscopes designed for submicron resolution in biological research are hindered by a limited field of view,typically around 1 mm.This restriction poses a challenge when attempting to simultaneously analyze various parts of a sample,such as different brain areas.In addition,conventional objective lenses struggle to perform consistently across the required range of wavelengths for brain imaging in vivo.Here we present a novel mesoscopic objective lens with an impressive field of view of 8 mm,a numerical aperture of 0.5,and a working wavelength range from 400 to 1000 nm.We achieved a resolution of 0.74μm in fluorescent beads imaging.The versatility of this lens was further demonstrated through high-quality images of mouse brain and kidney sections in a wide-field imaging system,a confocal laser scanning system,and a two-photon imaging system.This mesoscopic objective lens holds immense promise for advancing multi-wavelength imaging of large fields of view at high resolution.展开更多
Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis (OMS) is a subtype of maxillary sinusitis (MS). It is actually inflammation of the maxillary sinus that secondary to adjacent infectious maxillary dental lesion. Due to the lack of uniq...Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis (OMS) is a subtype of maxillary sinusitis (MS). It is actually inflammation of the maxillary sinus that secondary to adjacent infectious maxillary dental lesion. Due to the lack of unique clinical features, OMS is difficult to distinguish from other types of rhinosinusitis. Besides, the characteristic infectious pathogeny of OMS makes it is resistant to conventional therapies of rhinosinusitis. Its current diagnosis and treatment are thus facing great difficulties. The multi-disciplinary cooperation between otolaryngologists and dentists is absolutely urgent to settle these questions and to acquire standardized diagnostic and treatment regimen for OMS. However, this disease has actually received little attention and has been underrepresented by relatively low publication volume and quality. Based on systematically reviewed literature and practical experiences of expert members, our consensus focuses on characteristics, symptoms, classification and diagnosis of OMS, and further put forward multidisciplinary treatment decisions for OMS, as well as the common treatment complications and relative managements. This consensus aims to increase attention to OMS, and optimize the clinical diagnosis and decision-making of OMS, which finally provides evidence-based options for OMS clinical management.展开更多
The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program tasked a research team with the“Investigation of the water vapor channel of the Yarlung Zsangbo Grand Canyon(INVC)”in the southeastern Tibetan Pl...The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program tasked a research team with the“Investigation of the water vapor channel of the Yarlung Zsangbo Grand Canyon(INVC)”in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau(TP).This paper summarizes the scientific achievements obtained from the data collected by the INVC observation network and highlights the progress in investigating the development of heavy rainfall events associated with water vapor changes.The rain gauge network of the INVC can represent the impacts of the Yarlung Zsangbo Grand Canyon(YGC)topography on precipitation at the hourly scale.The microphysical characteristics of the precipitation in the YGC are different than those in the lowland area.The GPM-IMERG(Integrated MultisatellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement)satellite precipitation data for the YGC region should be calibrated before they are used.The meridional water vapor flux through the YGC is more important than the zonal flux for the precipitation over the southeastern TP.The decreased precipitation around the YGC region is partly due to the decreased meridional water vapor flux passing through the YGC.High-resolution numerical models can benefit precipitation forecasting in this region by using a combination of specific schemes that capture the valley wind and water vapor flux along the valley floor.展开更多
Epidemiological data are scarce regarding the association of exposure to mixtures of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)with liver injury in the general population.In the current study,therefore,we examined data...Epidemiological data are scarce regarding the association of exposure to mixtures of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)with liver injury in the general population.In the current study,therefore,we examined data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(2009–2018).The PFAS exposure levels were defined by the serum concentrations of PFASs with over 70%detection in samples,namely perfluorooctanoic acid,perfluorononanoic acid,perfluorohexane sulfonic acid,perfluorodecanoic acid,and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid(PFOS).We evaluated liver injury from two aspects:first,the degree of liver inflammation was determined based on levels of the serum alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,glutamyltransferase,and total bilirubin;second,the degree of liver fibrosis was determined based on the fibrosis-4 index.We assessed the associations of individual or total PFAS exposure with these liver injury outcomes using multivariable linear and logistic regression models,restricted cubic splines,and weighted quantile sum regression.Among the samples of 7484 American adults,the median concentration of PFOS was the highest,followed by perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid.Using multivariable linear regression,we observed positive correlations between all PFAS exposure and liver enzyme levels,such as alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,and total bilirubin.Additionally,the weighted quantile sum model indicated an overall positive association between exposure to the five PFASs and liver injury risk.For liver function biomarkers and liver fibrosis,perfluorononanoic acid and PFOS were the most heavily weighted chemicals,respectively.Our findings provide new epidemiological evidence indicating potential associations between PFAS exposure and adverse effects on liver injury biomarkers,highlighting the potentially harmful effects of PFAS exposure on human liver health.展开更多
The overall health condition of patients significantly affects the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of endodontic diseases. Asystemic consideration of the patient’s overall health along with oral conditions holds ...The overall health condition of patients significantly affects the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of endodontic diseases. Asystemic consideration of the patient’s overall health along with oral conditions holds the utmost importance in determining thenecessity and feasibility of endodontic therapy, as well as selecting appropriate therapeutic approaches. This expert consensus is acollaborative effort by specialists from endodontics and clinical physicians across the nation based on the current clinical evidence,aiming to provide general guidance on clinical procedures, improve patient safety and enhance clinical outcomes of endodontictherapy in patients with compromised overall health.展开更多
Endodontic diseases are a kind of chronic infectious oral disease. Common endodontic treatment concepts are based on the removal of inflamed or necrotic pulp tissue and the replacement by gutta-percha. However, it is ...Endodontic diseases are a kind of chronic infectious oral disease. Common endodontic treatment concepts are based on the removal of inflamed or necrotic pulp tissue and the replacement by gutta-percha. However, it is very essential for endodontic treatment to debride the root canal system and prevent the root canal system from bacterial reinfection after root canal therapy(RCT). Recent research, encompassing bacterial etiology and advanced imaging techniques, contributes to our understanding of the root canal system’s anatomy intricacies and the technique sensitivity of RCT. Success in RCT hinges on factors like patients, infection severity, root canal anatomy, and treatment techniques. Therefore, improving disease management is a key issue to combat endodontic diseases and cure periapical lesions. The clinical difficulty assessment system of RCT is established based on patient conditions, tooth conditions, root canal configuration, and root canal needing retreatment, and emphasizes pre-treatment risk assessment for optimal outcomes. The findings suggest that the presence of risk factors may correlate with the challenge of achieving the high standard required for RCT. These insights contribute not only to improve education but also aid practitioners in treatment planning and referral decision-making within the field of endodontics.展开更多
The two bay scallop subspecies,Argopecten irradians irradians(NN)and A.i.concentricus(SS),are fast growing and major cultured bivalves in China.However,their relatively small sizes and decreasing production traits cau...The two bay scallop subspecies,Argopecten irradians irradians(NN)and A.i.concentricus(SS),are fast growing and major cultured bivalves in China.However,their relatively small sizes and decreasing production traits caused by long-term inbreeding have been major concerns to the industry in the last two decades.Hybridization between the two bay scallop subspecies may provide a new approach to breed a new variety with superior production traits for the industry.For this end,in this study,we hybridized the two bay scallop subspecies in order to obtain a new strain that incorporates the genes of both subspecies.No significant difference was found in fertilization rate,hatching rate and metamorphosis rate between the purebred and crossbred cohorts(NN♀×SS♂,denoted as NS;SS♀×NN♂,denoted as SN).Both mating strategy(intra-vs.inter-population crosses)and egg origin had significant effects on growth and survival at the larval stage.Heterosis was observed in the crossbred and was more pronounced in older stages.Genetic diversity of the reciprocal hybrids,especially that of SN,was increased compared with the purebred cohorts.Almost all hybrids were completely fertile and able to reproduce by selffertilization or by backcrossing with either parent.Apparently,male sterile individuals whose gonads were fully occupied by the ovary part at mature stage were found in the hybrids for the first time.The hybrids,especially SN,may provide precious germplasm resources for the production of ternary hybrids with the Peruvian scallop,A.purpuratus.展开更多
A mesoscale convective system(MCS) occurred over the East China coastal provinces and the East China Sea on 30April 2021, producing damaging surface winds near the coastal city Nantong with observed speeds reaching 45...A mesoscale convective system(MCS) occurred over the East China coastal provinces and the East China Sea on 30April 2021, producing damaging surface winds near the coastal city Nantong with observed speeds reaching 45 m s^(–1). A simulation using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with a 1.5-km grid spacing generally reproduces the development and subsequent organization of this convective system into an MCS, with an eastward protruding bow segment over the sea. In the simulation, an east-west-oriented high wind swath is generated behind the gust front of the MCS. Descending dry rear-to-front inflows behind the bow and trailing gust front are found to feed the downdrafts in the main precipitation regions. The inflows help to establish spreading cold outflows and enhance the downdrafts through evaporative cooling. Meanwhile, front-to-rear inflows from the south are present, associated with severely rearward-tilted updrafts initially forming over the gust front. Such inflows descend behind(north of) the gust front, significantly enhancing downdrafts and near-surface winds within the cold pool. Consistently, calculated trajectories show that these parcels that contribute to the derecho originate primarily from the region ahead(south) of the east-west-oriented gust front, and dry southwesterly flows in the low-to-middle levels contribute to strong downdrafts within the MCS. Moreover, momentum budget analyses reveal that a large westward-directed horizontal pressure gradient force within the simulated cold pool produced rapid flow acceleration towards Nantong. The analyses enrich the understanding of damaging wind characteristics over coastal East China and will prove helpful to operational forecasters.展开更多
Traditional expert-designed branching rules in branch-and-bound(B&B) are static, often failing to adapt to diverse and evolving problem instances. Crafting these rules is labor-intensive, and may not scale well wi...Traditional expert-designed branching rules in branch-and-bound(B&B) are static, often failing to adapt to diverse and evolving problem instances. Crafting these rules is labor-intensive, and may not scale well with complex problems.Given the frequent need to solve varied combinatorial optimization problems, leveraging statistical learning to auto-tune B&B algorithms for specific problem classes becomes attractive. This paper proposes a graph pointer network model to learn the branch rules. Graph features, global features and historical features are designated to represent the solver state. The graph neural network processes graph features, while the pointer mechanism assimilates the global and historical features to finally determine the variable on which to branch. The model is trained to imitate the expert strong branching rule by a tailored top-k Kullback-Leibler divergence loss function. Experiments on a series of benchmark problems demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the widely used expert-designed branching rules. It also outperforms state-of-the-art machine-learning-based branch-and-bound methods in terms of solving speed and search tree size on all the test instances. In addition, the model can generalize to unseen instances and scale to larger instances.展开更多
Ground-based microwave radiometers(MWRs)operating in the K-and V-bands(20–60 GHz)can help us obtain temperature and humidity profiles in the troposphere.Aside from some soundings from local meteorological observatori...Ground-based microwave radiometers(MWRs)operating in the K-and V-bands(20–60 GHz)can help us obtain temperature and humidity profiles in the troposphere.Aside from some soundings from local meteorological observatories,the tropospheric atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)has never been continuously observed.As part of the Chinese Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP),the Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Profile(TPPROFILE)project aims to construct a comprehensive MWR troposphere observation network to study the synoptic processes and environmental changes on the TP.This initiative has collected three years of data from the MWR network.This paper introduces the data information,the data quality,and data downloading.Some applications of the data obtained from these MWRs were also demonstrated.Our comparisons of MWR against the nearest radiosonde observation demonstrate that the TP-PROFILE MWR system is adequate for monitoring the thermal and moisture variability of the troposphere over the TP.The continuous temperature and moisture profiles derived from the MWR data provide a unique perspective on the evolution of the thermodynamic structure associated with the heating of the TP.The TP-PROFILE project reveals that the low-temporal resolution instruments are prone to large uncertainties in their vapor estimation in the mountain valleys on the TP.展开更多
Unsignalized intersections pose a challenge for autonomous vehicles that must decide how to navigate them safely and efficiently.This paper proposes a reinforcement learning(RL)method for autonomous vehicles to naviga...Unsignalized intersections pose a challenge for autonomous vehicles that must decide how to navigate them safely and efficiently.This paper proposes a reinforcement learning(RL)method for autonomous vehicles to navigate unsignalized intersections safely and efficiently.The method uses a semantic scene representation to handle variable numbers of vehicles and a universal reward function to facilitate stable learning.A collision risk function is designed to penalize unsafe actions and guide the agent to avoid them.A scalable policy optimization algorithm is introduced to improve data efficiency and safety for vehicle learning at intersections.The algorithm employs experience replay to overcome the on-policy limitation of proximal policy optimization and incorporates the collision risk constraint into the policy optimization problem.The proposed safe RL algorithm can balance the trade-off between vehicle traffic safety and policy learning efficiency.Simulated intersection scenarios with different traffic situations are used to test the algorithm and demonstrate its high success rates and low collision rates under different traffic conditions.The algorithm shows the potential of RL for enhancing the safety and reliability of autonomous driving systems at unsignalized intersections.展开更多
Degradation under challenging conditions such as rain, haze, and low light not only diminishes content visibility, but also results in additional degradation side effects, including detail occlusion and color distorti...Degradation under challenging conditions such as rain, haze, and low light not only diminishes content visibility, but also results in additional degradation side effects, including detail occlusion and color distortion. However, current technologies have barely explored the correlation between perturbation removal and background restoration, consequently struggling to generate high-naturalness content in challenging scenarios. In this paper, we rethink the image enhancement task from the perspective of joint optimization: Perturbation removal and texture reconstruction. To this end, we advise an efficient yet effective image enhancement model, termed the perturbation-guided texture reconstruction network(PerTeRNet). It contains two subnetworks designed for the perturbation elimination and texture reconstruction tasks, respectively. To facilitate texture recovery,we develop a novel perturbation-guided texture enhancement module(PerTEM) to connect these two tasks, where informative background features are extracted from the input with the guidance of predicted perturbation priors. To alleviate the learning burden and computational cost, we suggest performing perturbation removal in a sub-space and exploiting super-resolution to infer high-frequency background details. Our PerTeRNet has demonstrated significant superiority over typical methods in both quantitative and qualitative measures, as evidenced by extensive experimental results on popular image enhancement and joint detection tasks. The source code is available at https://github.com/kuijiang94/PerTeRNet.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D) equilibrium calculations, including the plasma rotation shielding effect to resonant magnetic perturbations(RMPs) produced by the island divertor(ID) coils, were carried out using the HINT and MA...Three-dimensional(3D) equilibrium calculations, including the plasma rotation shielding effect to resonant magnetic perturbations(RMPs) produced by the island divertor(ID) coils, were carried out using the HINT and MARS-F codes on J-TEXT. Validation of 3D equilibrium calculations with experimental observations demonstrates that the shielding effect will prevent the penetration of the edge m/n = 3/1 mode component when the ID coil current is 4 k A, while change the size of magnetic islands once the current exceeds the penetration threshold. This indicates that equilibrium calculations including the plasma rotation shielding effect to RMPs can lead to better agreements with experimental observations compared to the vacuum approximation method. Additionally, the magnetic topology at the boundary undergoes changes,impacting the interaction between the plasma and the target plate. These results may be important in understanding RMP effects on edge transport and magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)instability control, as well as divertor heat and particle flux distribution control.展开更多
Accurate measurement of the average plasma parameters in the edge region,including the temperature and density of electrons and ions,is critical for understanding the characteristics of the scrape-off layer(SOL) and d...Accurate measurement of the average plasma parameters in the edge region,including the temperature and density of electrons and ions,is critical for understanding the characteristics of the scrape-off layer(SOL) and divertor plasma transport in magnetically confined fusion research.On the J-TEXT tokamak,a multi-channel retarding field analyzer(RFA) probe has been developed to study average plasma parameters in the edge region under various poloidal divertor and island divertor configurations.The edge radial profile of the ion-to-electron temperature ratio,τ_(i/e),has been determined,which gradually decreases as the SOL ion self-collisionality,v_(SOL)*,increases.This is broadly consistent with what has been observed previously from various tokamak experiments.However,the comparison of experimental results under different configurations shows that in the poloidal divertor configuration,even under the same v_(SOL)*,τ_(i/e) in the SOL region becomes smaller as the distance from the X-point to the target plate increases.In the island divertor configuration,τ_(i/e) near the O-point is higher than that near the X-point at the same v_(SOL)*,and both are higher than those in the limiter configuration.These results suggest that the magnetic configuration plays a critical role in the energy distributions between electrons and ions at the plasma boundary.展开更多
Following the reconstruction of the TEXT tokamak at Huazhong University of Science and Technology in China, renamed as J-TEXT, a plethora of experimental and theoretical investigations has been conducted to elucidate ...Following the reconstruction of the TEXT tokamak at Huazhong University of Science and Technology in China, renamed as J-TEXT, a plethora of experimental and theoretical investigations has been conducted to elucidate the intricacies of turbulent transport within the tokamak configuration. These endeavors encompass not only the J-TEXT device's experimental advancements but also delve into critical issues pertinent to the optimization of future fusion devices and reactors. The research includes topics on the suppression of turbulence, flow drive and damping, density limit, non-local transport, intrinsic toroidal flow, turbulence and flow with magnetic islands, turbulent transport in the stochastic layer, and turbulence and zonal flow with energetic particles or helium ash. Several important achievements have been made in the last few years, which will be further elaborated upon in this comprehensive review.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0400100)the Project of Chongqing Science and Technology Commission(CSTC2015JCYJA80018)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31272165).
文摘Auxin response factors(ARFs)are involved in auxin-mediated transcriptional regulation in plants.In this study,we performed functional characterization of SlARF6A in tomato.SlARF6A is located in the nucleus and exhibits transcriptional activator activity.Overexpression of SlARF6A increased chlorophyll contents in the fruits and leaves of tomato plants,whereas downregulation of SlARF6A decreased chlorophyll contents compared with those of wild-type(WT)plants.Analysis of chloroplasts using transmission electron microscopy indicated increased sizes of chloroplasts in SlARF6A-overexpressing plants and decreased numbers of chloroplasts in SlARF6A-downregulated plants.Overexpression of SlARF6A increased the photosynthesis rate and accumulation of starch and soluble sugars,whereas knockdown of SlARF6A resulted in opposite phenotypes in tomato leaves and fruits.RNA-sequence analysis showed that regulation of SlARF6A expression altered the expression of genes involved in chlorophyll metabolism,photosynthesis and sugar metabolism.SlARF6A directly bound to the promoters of SlGLK1,CAB,and RbcS genes and positively regulated the expression of these genes.Overexpression of SlARF6A also inhibited fruit ripening and ethylene production,whereas downregulation of SlARF6A increased fruit ripening and ethylene production.SlARF6A directly bound to the SAMS1 promoter and negatively regulated SAMS1 expression.Taken together,these results expand our understanding of ARFs with regard to photosynthesis,sugar accumulation and fruit development and provide a potential target for genetic engineering to improve fruit nutrition in horticulture crops.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22273104,No.22022306,No.22288201)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(No.2021ZD 0303305)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0450202)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC 2203062)the Dalian Innovation Support Program(No.2021RD05).
基金funded by China Agriculture Research system(CARS-04)CAAS Agricultural Sciences and Technology Innovation Project
文摘Vascular tissue serves as the channel for nutrient transport and signal transduc-tion between different organs in plants. To study molecular identity and behavior of mobile substances transmitted between organs via vascular tissue, it is necessary to collect exudate from stem or other organs. Modifed stem-cutting method for exudate collection in soybean was used in this study by selecting the optimum sampling time and position, using reagents preventing RNA degradation, etc. Diurnal dynamics analysis of exudate emission was found to be the highest during 10：00-10：10 am. Totally 15 μL pure exudate was collected from the stem cut between cotyledonary and unifoliolate nodes at V1 stage （unifoliolate just expanded） of young soybean seedling. Improved TRIzol method was used to extract RNA and protein from stem exudate. A phloem specifc gene of Glycine max sieve element occlusion s, SEO, in exudate samples was successfully amplifed by RT-PCR, which comfrmed the success of RNA extraction. SDS-PAGE showed the majority of proteins in exudate were of low molec-ular weight. Method proposed in this study would facilitate collection of quality exudate and enhance further investigation of mobile substances in soybean.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(grant no.2022YFC2404201)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(grant no.YSBR067).
文摘Conventional microscopes designed for submicron resolution in biological research are hindered by a limited field of view,typically around 1 mm.This restriction poses a challenge when attempting to simultaneously analyze various parts of a sample,such as different brain areas.In addition,conventional objective lenses struggle to perform consistently across the required range of wavelengths for brain imaging in vivo.Here we present a novel mesoscopic objective lens with an impressive field of view of 8 mm,a numerical aperture of 0.5,and a working wavelength range from 400 to 1000 nm.We achieved a resolution of 0.74μm in fluorescent beads imaging.The versatility of this lens was further demonstrated through high-quality images of mouse brain and kidney sections in a wide-field imaging system,a confocal laser scanning system,and a two-photon imaging system.This mesoscopic objective lens holds immense promise for advancing multi-wavelength imaging of large fields of view at high resolution.
基金project was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundations of China (Nos. 82025010, 81630023, 81900917)Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team (No. IRT13082)+4 种基金CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (No. 2019-I2M-5-022)Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commision (Nos. Z181100001618002, Z211100002921057)Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research (No.CFH2022-1-1091)Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals’ Mission Project (No. SML20150203)Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals’ Dengfeng Project (No. DFL20190202)。
文摘Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis (OMS) is a subtype of maxillary sinusitis (MS). It is actually inflammation of the maxillary sinus that secondary to adjacent infectious maxillary dental lesion. Due to the lack of unique clinical features, OMS is difficult to distinguish from other types of rhinosinusitis. Besides, the characteristic infectious pathogeny of OMS makes it is resistant to conventional therapies of rhinosinusitis. Its current diagnosis and treatment are thus facing great difficulties. The multi-disciplinary cooperation between otolaryngologists and dentists is absolutely urgent to settle these questions and to acquire standardized diagnostic and treatment regimen for OMS. However, this disease has actually received little attention and has been underrepresented by relatively low publication volume and quality. Based on systematically reviewed literature and practical experiences of expert members, our consensus focuses on characteristics, symptoms, classification and diagnosis of OMS, and further put forward multidisciplinary treatment decisions for OMS, as well as the common treatment complications and relative managements. This consensus aims to increase attention to OMS, and optimize the clinical diagnosis and decision-making of OMS, which finally provides evidence-based options for OMS clinical management.
基金funded by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program[grant numbers 2019QZKK0105 and 2019QZKK0103]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 41975009].
文摘The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program tasked a research team with the“Investigation of the water vapor channel of the Yarlung Zsangbo Grand Canyon(INVC)”in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau(TP).This paper summarizes the scientific achievements obtained from the data collected by the INVC observation network and highlights the progress in investigating the development of heavy rainfall events associated with water vapor changes.The rain gauge network of the INVC can represent the impacts of the Yarlung Zsangbo Grand Canyon(YGC)topography on precipitation at the hourly scale.The microphysical characteristics of the precipitation in the YGC are different than those in the lowland area.The GPM-IMERG(Integrated MultisatellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement)satellite precipitation data for the YGC region should be calibrated before they are used.The meridional water vapor flux through the YGC is more important than the zonal flux for the precipitation over the southeastern TP.The decreased precipitation around the YGC region is partly due to the decreased meridional water vapor flux passing through the YGC.High-resolution numerical models can benefit precipitation forecasting in this region by using a combination of specific schemes that capture the valley wind and water vapor flux along the valley floor.
文摘Epidemiological data are scarce regarding the association of exposure to mixtures of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)with liver injury in the general population.In the current study,therefore,we examined data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(2009–2018).The PFAS exposure levels were defined by the serum concentrations of PFASs with over 70%detection in samples,namely perfluorooctanoic acid,perfluorononanoic acid,perfluorohexane sulfonic acid,perfluorodecanoic acid,and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid(PFOS).We evaluated liver injury from two aspects:first,the degree of liver inflammation was determined based on levels of the serum alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,glutamyltransferase,and total bilirubin;second,the degree of liver fibrosis was determined based on the fibrosis-4 index.We assessed the associations of individual or total PFAS exposure with these liver injury outcomes using multivariable linear and logistic regression models,restricted cubic splines,and weighted quantile sum regression.Among the samples of 7484 American adults,the median concentration of PFOS was the highest,followed by perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid.Using multivariable linear regression,we observed positive correlations between all PFAS exposure and liver enzyme levels,such as alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,and total bilirubin.Additionally,the weighted quantile sum model indicated an overall positive association between exposure to the five PFASs and liver injury risk.For liver function biomarkers and liver fibrosis,perfluorononanoic acid and PFOS were the most heavily weighted chemicals,respectively.Our findings provide new epidemiological evidence indicating potential associations between PFAS exposure and adverse effects on liver injury biomarkers,highlighting the potentially harmful effects of PFAS exposure on human liver health.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82370947)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2023NSFSC1505)。
文摘The overall health condition of patients significantly affects the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of endodontic diseases. Asystemic consideration of the patient’s overall health along with oral conditions holds the utmost importance in determining thenecessity and feasibility of endodontic therapy, as well as selecting appropriate therapeutic approaches. This expert consensus is acollaborative effort by specialists from endodontics and clinical physicians across the nation based on the current clinical evidence,aiming to provide general guidance on clinical procedures, improve patient safety and enhance clinical outcomes of endodontictherapy in patients with compromised overall health.
文摘Endodontic diseases are a kind of chronic infectious oral disease. Common endodontic treatment concepts are based on the removal of inflamed or necrotic pulp tissue and the replacement by gutta-percha. However, it is very essential for endodontic treatment to debride the root canal system and prevent the root canal system from bacterial reinfection after root canal therapy(RCT). Recent research, encompassing bacterial etiology and advanced imaging techniques, contributes to our understanding of the root canal system’s anatomy intricacies and the technique sensitivity of RCT. Success in RCT hinges on factors like patients, infection severity, root canal anatomy, and treatment techniques. Therefore, improving disease management is a key issue to combat endodontic diseases and cure periapical lesions. The clinical difficulty assessment system of RCT is established based on patient conditions, tooth conditions, root canal configuration, and root canal needing retreatment, and emphasizes pre-treatment risk assessment for optimal outcomes. The findings suggest that the presence of risk factors may correlate with the challenge of achieving the high standard required for RCT. These insights contribute not only to improve education but also aid practitioners in treatment planning and referral decision-making within the field of endodontics.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31972791)the Earmarked Fund for Agriculture Seed Improvement Project of Shandong Province(No.2020LZGC016)+1 种基金the Scientific and Technological Project of Yantai,Shandong Province(No.2022XCZX083)the Earmarked Fund for Shandong Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System(No.SDAIT-14)。
文摘The two bay scallop subspecies,Argopecten irradians irradians(NN)and A.i.concentricus(SS),are fast growing and major cultured bivalves in China.However,their relatively small sizes and decreasing production traits caused by long-term inbreeding have been major concerns to the industry in the last two decades.Hybridization between the two bay scallop subspecies may provide a new approach to breed a new variety with superior production traits for the industry.For this end,in this study,we hybridized the two bay scallop subspecies in order to obtain a new strain that incorporates the genes of both subspecies.No significant difference was found in fertilization rate,hatching rate and metamorphosis rate between the purebred and crossbred cohorts(NN♀×SS♂,denoted as NS;SS♀×NN♂,denoted as SN).Both mating strategy(intra-vs.inter-population crosses)and egg origin had significant effects on growth and survival at the larval stage.Heterosis was observed in the crossbred and was more pronounced in older stages.Genetic diversity of the reciprocal hybrids,especially that of SN,was increased compared with the purebred cohorts.Almost all hybrids were completely fertile and able to reproduce by selffertilization or by backcrossing with either parent.Apparently,male sterile individuals whose gonads were fully occupied by the ovary part at mature stage were found in the hybrids for the first time.The hybrids,especially SN,may provide precious germplasm resources for the production of ternary hybrids with the Peruvian scallop,A.purpuratus.
基金primarily supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (MOST)(Grant No. 2018YFC1507303)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 419505044,41941007, and 42230607)+1 种基金by the Talent Research Start-Up Fund of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics(Grant No. 1007-90YAH22046)supported by The High Performance Computing Platform of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics。
文摘A mesoscale convective system(MCS) occurred over the East China coastal provinces and the East China Sea on 30April 2021, producing damaging surface winds near the coastal city Nantong with observed speeds reaching 45 m s^(–1). A simulation using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with a 1.5-km grid spacing generally reproduces the development and subsequent organization of this convective system into an MCS, with an eastward protruding bow segment over the sea. In the simulation, an east-west-oriented high wind swath is generated behind the gust front of the MCS. Descending dry rear-to-front inflows behind the bow and trailing gust front are found to feed the downdrafts in the main precipitation regions. The inflows help to establish spreading cold outflows and enhance the downdrafts through evaporative cooling. Meanwhile, front-to-rear inflows from the south are present, associated with severely rearward-tilted updrafts initially forming over the gust front. Such inflows descend behind(north of) the gust front, significantly enhancing downdrafts and near-surface winds within the cold pool. Consistently, calculated trajectories show that these parcels that contribute to the derecho originate primarily from the region ahead(south) of the east-west-oriented gust front, and dry southwesterly flows in the low-to-middle levels contribute to strong downdrafts within the MCS. Moreover, momentum budget analyses reveal that a large westward-directed horizontal pressure gradient force within the simulated cold pool produced rapid flow acceleration towards Nantong. The analyses enrich the understanding of damaging wind characteristics over coastal East China and will prove helpful to operational forecasters.
基金supported by the Open Project of Xiangjiang Laboratory (22XJ02003)Scientific Project of the National University of Defense Technology (NUDT)(ZK21-07, 23-ZZCX-JDZ-28)+1 种基金the National Science Fund for Outstanding Young Scholars (62122093)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (72071205)。
文摘Traditional expert-designed branching rules in branch-and-bound(B&B) are static, often failing to adapt to diverse and evolving problem instances. Crafting these rules is labor-intensive, and may not scale well with complex problems.Given the frequent need to solve varied combinatorial optimization problems, leveraging statistical learning to auto-tune B&B algorithms for specific problem classes becomes attractive. This paper proposes a graph pointer network model to learn the branch rules. Graph features, global features and historical features are designated to represent the solver state. The graph neural network processes graph features, while the pointer mechanism assimilates the global and historical features to finally determine the variable on which to branch. The model is trained to imitate the expert strong branching rule by a tailored top-k Kullback-Leibler divergence loss function. Experiments on a series of benchmark problems demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the widely used expert-designed branching rules. It also outperforms state-of-the-art machine-learning-based branch-and-bound methods in terms of solving speed and search tree size on all the test instances. In addition, the model can generalize to unseen instances and scale to larger instances.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)(Grant Nos.2019QZKK0103 and 2019QZKK0105)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41975009,42230610,41840650 and U2242208)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Wang Binbin,2022069).
文摘Ground-based microwave radiometers(MWRs)operating in the K-and V-bands(20–60 GHz)can help us obtain temperature and humidity profiles in the troposphere.Aside from some soundings from local meteorological observatories,the tropospheric atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)has never been continuously observed.As part of the Chinese Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP),the Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Profile(TPPROFILE)project aims to construct a comprehensive MWR troposphere observation network to study the synoptic processes and environmental changes on the TP.This initiative has collected three years of data from the MWR network.This paper introduces the data information,the data quality,and data downloading.Some applications of the data obtained from these MWRs were also demonstrated.Our comparisons of MWR against the nearest radiosonde observation demonstrate that the TP-PROFILE MWR system is adequate for monitoring the thermal and moisture variability of the troposphere over the TP.The continuous temperature and moisture profiles derived from the MWR data provide a unique perspective on the evolution of the thermodynamic structure associated with the heating of the TP.The TP-PROFILE project reveals that the low-temporal resolution instruments are prone to large uncertainties in their vapor estimation in the mountain valleys on the TP.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52102394,52172384)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2023JJ10008)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST (2022QNRC001)。
文摘Unsignalized intersections pose a challenge for autonomous vehicles that must decide how to navigate them safely and efficiently.This paper proposes a reinforcement learning(RL)method for autonomous vehicles to navigate unsignalized intersections safely and efficiently.The method uses a semantic scene representation to handle variable numbers of vehicles and a universal reward function to facilitate stable learning.A collision risk function is designed to penalize unsafe actions and guide the agent to avoid them.A scalable policy optimization algorithm is introduced to improve data efficiency and safety for vehicle learning at intersections.The algorithm employs experience replay to overcome the on-policy limitation of proximal policy optimization and incorporates the collision risk constraint into the policy optimization problem.The proposed safe RL algorithm can balance the trade-off between vehicle traffic safety and policy learning efficiency.Simulated intersection scenarios with different traffic situations are used to test the algorithm and demonstrate its high success rates and low collision rates under different traffic conditions.The algorithm shows the potential of RL for enhancing the safety and reliability of autonomous driving systems at unsignalized intersections.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U23B2009, 62376201, 423B2104)Open Foundation (ZNXX2023MSO2, HBIR202311)。
文摘Degradation under challenging conditions such as rain, haze, and low light not only diminishes content visibility, but also results in additional degradation side effects, including detail occlusion and color distortion. However, current technologies have barely explored the correlation between perturbation removal and background restoration, consequently struggling to generate high-naturalness content in challenging scenarios. In this paper, we rethink the image enhancement task from the perspective of joint optimization: Perturbation removal and texture reconstruction. To this end, we advise an efficient yet effective image enhancement model, termed the perturbation-guided texture reconstruction network(PerTeRNet). It contains two subnetworks designed for the perturbation elimination and texture reconstruction tasks, respectively. To facilitate texture recovery,we develop a novel perturbation-guided texture enhancement module(PerTEM) to connect these two tasks, where informative background features are extracted from the input with the guidance of predicted perturbation priors. To alleviate the learning burden and computational cost, we suggest performing perturbation removal in a sub-space and exploiting super-resolution to infer high-frequency background details. Our PerTeRNet has demonstrated significant superiority over typical methods in both quantitative and qualitative measures, as evidenced by extensive experimental results on popular image enhancement and joint detection tasks. The source code is available at https://github.com/kuijiang94/PerTeRNet.
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Energy R & D Program of China (No. 2018 YFE0309101)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 12305243 and 51821005)。
文摘Three-dimensional(3D) equilibrium calculations, including the plasma rotation shielding effect to resonant magnetic perturbations(RMPs) produced by the island divertor(ID) coils, were carried out using the HINT and MARS-F codes on J-TEXT. Validation of 3D equilibrium calculations with experimental observations demonstrates that the shielding effect will prevent the penetration of the edge m/n = 3/1 mode component when the ID coil current is 4 k A, while change the size of magnetic islands once the current exceeds the penetration threshold. This indicates that equilibrium calculations including the plasma rotation shielding effect to RMPs can lead to better agreements with experimental observations compared to the vacuum approximation method. Additionally, the magnetic topology at the boundary undergoes changes,impacting the interaction between the plasma and the target plate. These results may be important in understanding RMP effects on edge transport and magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)instability control, as well as divertor heat and particle flux distribution control.
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Energy R&D Program of China (No.2018YFE0309100)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51821005)。
文摘Accurate measurement of the average plasma parameters in the edge region,including the temperature and density of electrons and ions,is critical for understanding the characteristics of the scrape-off layer(SOL) and divertor plasma transport in magnetically confined fusion research.On the J-TEXT tokamak,a multi-channel retarding field analyzer(RFA) probe has been developed to study average plasma parameters in the edge region under various poloidal divertor and island divertor configurations.The edge radial profile of the ion-to-electron temperature ratio,τ_(i/e),has been determined,which gradually decreases as the SOL ion self-collisionality,v_(SOL)*,increases.This is broadly consistent with what has been observed previously from various tokamak experiments.However,the comparison of experimental results under different configurations shows that in the poloidal divertor configuration,even under the same v_(SOL)*,τ_(i/e) in the SOL region becomes smaller as the distance from the X-point to the target plate increases.In the island divertor configuration,τ_(i/e) near the O-point is higher than that near the X-point at the same v_(SOL)*,and both are higher than those in the limiter configuration.These results suggest that the magnetic configuration plays a critical role in the energy distributions between electrons and ions at the plasma boundary.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Nos. 2022YFE03100004, 2017YFE0302000, and 2017YFE0301100)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 12275097, 12275096, 11875292, 11675059, 11905079, 11305071, and 51821005)+5 种基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2013GB112002)the Project of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province (No. 2022NSFSC1791)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (No. 2208085J39)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, HUST: (Nos. 2019kfy XMBZ034 and 2021XXJS007)the Initiative Postdocs Supporting Program of China (No. BX20180105)the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences (Nos. DEFG02-04ER54738 and DE-SC-0020287)。
文摘Following the reconstruction of the TEXT tokamak at Huazhong University of Science and Technology in China, renamed as J-TEXT, a plethora of experimental and theoretical investigations has been conducted to elucidate the intricacies of turbulent transport within the tokamak configuration. These endeavors encompass not only the J-TEXT device's experimental advancements but also delve into critical issues pertinent to the optimization of future fusion devices and reactors. The research includes topics on the suppression of turbulence, flow drive and damping, density limit, non-local transport, intrinsic toroidal flow, turbulence and flow with magnetic islands, turbulent transport in the stochastic layer, and turbulence and zonal flow with energetic particles or helium ash. Several important achievements have been made in the last few years, which will be further elaborated upon in this comprehensive review.
