In recent years,the global surge of High-speed Railway(HSR)revolutionized ground transportation,providing secure,comfortable,and punctual services.The next-gen HSR,fueled by emerging services like video surveillance,e...In recent years,the global surge of High-speed Railway(HSR)revolutionized ground transportation,providing secure,comfortable,and punctual services.The next-gen HSR,fueled by emerging services like video surveillance,emergency communication,and real-time scheduling,demands advanced capabilities in real-time perception,automated driving,and digitized services,which accelerate the integration and application of Artificial Intelligence(AI)in the HSR system.This paper first provides a brief overview of AI,covering its origin,evolution,and breakthrough applications.A comprehensive review is then given regarding the most advanced AI technologies and applications in three macro application domains of the HSR system:mechanical manufacturing and electrical control,communication and signal control,and transportation management.The literature is categorized and compared across nine application directions labeled as intelligent manufacturing of trains and key components,forecast of railroad maintenance,optimization of energy consumption in railroads and trains,communication security,communication dependability,channel modeling and estimation,passenger scheduling,traffic flow forecasting,high-speed railway smart platform.Finally,challenges associated with the application of AI are discussed,offering insights for future research directions.展开更多
Objective:Glioblastomas are highly vascularized malignant tumors.We determined the efficacy and safety of the anti-angiogenic multi-kinase inhibitor,anlotinib,for a newly diagnosed glioblastoma.Methods:This multicente...Objective:Glioblastomas are highly vascularized malignant tumors.We determined the efficacy and safety of the anti-angiogenic multi-kinase inhibitor,anlotinib,for a newly diagnosed glioblastoma.Methods:This multicenter,single-arm trial(NCT04119674)enrolled 33 treatment-naïve patients with histologically proven glioblastomas between March 2019 and November 2020.Patients underwent treatment with the standard STUPP regimen[fractionated focal irradiation in daily fractions of 1.8-2 Gy given 5 d/w×6 w(total=54-60 Gy)]or radiotherapy plus continuous daily temozolomide(TMZ)(75 mg/m^(2)of body surface area/d,7 d/w from the first to the last day of radiotherapy),followed by 6 cycles of adjuvant TMZ(150-200 mg/m^(2)×5 d during each 28-d cycle)plus anlotinib(8 mg/d on d 1-14 of each 3-w cycle for 2 cycles during concomitant chemoradiotherapy,8 maximal cycles as adjuvant therapy,followed by maintenance at 8 mg/d.The primary endpoint was progression-free survival(PFS).Secondary endpoints included overall survival(OS)and adverse events(AEs).Results:Thirty-three patients received the planned treatment.The median PFS was 10.9 months(95%CI,9.9-18.7 months)and the 12-month PFS rate was 48.5%.The median OS was 17.4 months(95%CI,14.5-21.1 months)and the 12-month OS rate was 81.8%.The most common AEs included hypertriglyceridemia[58%(n=19)],hypoalbuminemia[46%(n=15)],and hypercholesterolemia[46%(n=15)]during concurrent chemoradiotherapy and leukopenia[73%(n=24)],hypertriglyceridemia[67%(n=22)],and neutropenia[52%(n=17)]during adjuvant therapy.Five patients discontinued treatment due to AEs.HEG1(HR,5.6;95%CI,1.3-23.7;P=0.021)and RP1L1 alterations(HR,11.1;95%CI,2.2-57.2;P=0.004)were associated with a significantly shorter PFS.Conclusions:Anlotinib plus the STUPP regimen has promising anti-tumor activity against glioblastoma and manageable toxicity.HEG1 and RP1L1 alterations might be novel predictive biomarkers of the response to anlotinib.展开更多
Force sensing provides a crucial physical-electrical channel within sensing technology.This study showcases the fabrication and characterization of force sensors by integrating a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)mechanical m...Force sensing provides a crucial physical-electrical channel within sensing technology.This study showcases the fabrication and characterization of force sensors by integrating a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)mechanical module and an optical channel formed by two ideal InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes(LEDs)with transmit-receive characteristics.As an emitter,the InGaN/GaN device(5 mm×4 mm)exhibits electroluminescence at 469 nm with an on-voltage of 2.33 V.As a receiver,the response spectrum of InGaN/GaN devices spans from 350 to 480 nm,featuring a peak at 390 nm,rise time of~68.4 ms,and falling edge of~61.0 ms.The PDMS film can transform the force into deformation data and influence the signals in the optical receiver.The drive current,the gap between the emitter and receiver,and distance between the LED and PDMS mechanical module all significantly influence the receiver photocurrent.Distinct from the integrated design,our PDMS-assisted force sensing model uses discrete structures to allow signal intensity optimization.The finite element simulation and experimental results indicate that force of the designed PDMS film exhibits a linear relationship with z-axis displacement and photocurrent from 0 to 0.7 mm.The findings reveal that when the PDMS film height is 1.5 mm and the distance between the emitter and receiver is near,the photocurrent is higher.Meanwhile,Ag film with a thickness of 100 nm considerably enhances the photocurrent response and signal stability in the sensing channel.Finally,a weight measurement demonstration is employed to demonstrate force sensing.The system resolution is 1.23μA/N,and the measurement range is 0 to 0.7 N.展开更多
Nonpolar(1120)plane In_(x)Ga_(1-x)N epilayers comprising the entire In content(x)range were successfully grown on nanoscale Ga N islands by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition.The structural and optical properties...Nonpolar(1120)plane In_(x)Ga_(1-x)N epilayers comprising the entire In content(x)range were successfully grown on nanoscale Ga N islands by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition.The structural and optical properties were studied intensively.It was found that the surface morphology was gradually smoothed when x increased from 0.06 to 0.33,even though the crystalline quality was gradually declined,which was accompanied by the appearance of phase separation in the In_(x)Ga_(1-x)N layer.Photoluminescence wavelengths of 478 and 674 nm for blue and red light were achieved for x varied from 0.06 to 0.33.Furthermore,the corresponding average lifetime(τ_(1/e))of carriers for the nonpolar In Ga N film was decreased from 406 ps to 267 ps,indicating that a high-speed modulation bandwidth can be expected for nonpolar In Ga N-based light-emitting diodes.Moreover,the bowing coefficient(b)of the(1120)plane In Ga N was determined to be 1.91 e V for the bandgap energy as a function of x.展开更多
The tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)male sterile 32(ms32)mutant has been used in hybrid seed breeding programs largely because it produces no pollen and has exserted stigmas.In this study,histological examination of anthe...The tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)male sterile 32(ms32)mutant has been used in hybrid seed breeding programs largely because it produces no pollen and has exserted stigmas.In this study,histological examination of anthers revealed dysfunctional pollen and tapetum development in the ms32 mutant.The ms32 locus was fine mapped to a 28.5 kb interval that encoded four putative genes.Solyc01g081100,a homolog of Arabidopsis bHLH10/89/90 and rice EAT1,was proposed to be the candidate gene of MS32 because it contained a single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)that led to the formation of a premature stop codon.A codominant derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence(dCAPS)marker,MS32D,was developed based on the SNP.Real-time quantitative reverse-transcription PCR showed that most of the genes,which were proposed to be involved in pollen and tapetum development in tomato,were downregulated in the ms32 mutant.These findings may aid in marker-assisted selection of ms32 in hybrid breeding programs and facilitate studies on the regulatory mechanisms of pollen and tapetum development in tomato.展开更多
This study investigates mental health literacy among young and middle-aged urban and rural residents and the differences in mental health literacy,perceived social support and subjective well-being.From January to Feb...This study investigates mental health literacy among young and middle-aged urban and rural residents and the differences in mental health literacy,perceived social support and subjective well-being.From January to February 2022,620 participants(320 rural and 300 urban residents)from three provinces of China were selected by con-venience sampling.A general data questionnaire,mental health literacy scale,perceived social support scale and subjective well-being scale were administered.The mental health literacy scores of urban residents were 3.34±0.57 and those of rural residents were 2.73±0.79.The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the mental health literacy scores of rural residents were more significant than those of urban residents in terms of sex and age,while urban residents’mental health literacy scores were more significant than those of rural resi-dents in terms of monthly income.Mental health literacy,perceived social support and subjective well-being of young and middle-aged urban and rural residents were all positively correlated(P<0.01).While the level of mental health literacy is better among urban residents than rural residents,perceived social support plays a partial mediating role between mental health literacy and subjective well-being of both urban and rural residents,and should be the focus of researchers seeking to improve the level of well-being of residents.展开更多
Leaf veins play an important role in plant growth and development,and the bundle sheath(BS)is believed to greatly improve the photosynthetic efficiency of C_(4) plants.The OBV mutation in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)r...Leaf veins play an important role in plant growth and development,and the bundle sheath(BS)is believed to greatly improve the photosynthetic efficiency of C_(4) plants.The OBV mutation in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)results in dark veins and has been used widely in processing tomato varieties.However,physiological performance has difficulty explaining fitness in production.In this study,we confirmed that this mutation was caused by both the increased chlorophyll content and the absence of bundle sheath extension(BSE)in the veins.Using genome-wide association analysis and map-based cloning,we revealed that OBV encoded a C_(2)H_(2) L domain class transcription factor.It was localized in the nucleus and presented cell type-specific gene expression in the leaf veins.Furthermore,we verified the gene function by generating CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and overexpression mutants of the tomato gene.RNA sequencing analysis revealed that OBV was involved in regulating chloroplast development and photosynthesis,which greatly supported the change in chlorophyll content by mutation.Taken together,these findings demonstrated that OBV affected the growth and development of tomato by regulating chloroplast development in leaf veins.This study also provides a solid foundation to further decipher the mechanism of BSEs and to understand the evolution of photosynthesis in land plants.展开更多
Recently,we have shown that FOXP3,a critical transcription factor in regulatory T cells(Tregs),is expressed in pancreatic epithelial cells,and restrain the activity of CD8+T cells by upregulating PD-L1,which in turn r...Recently,we have shown that FOXP3,a critical transcription factor in regulatory T cells(Tregs),is expressed in pancreatic epithelial cells,and restrain the activity of CD8+T cells by upregulating PD-L1,which in turn regulates immune escape in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)^(1).On the basis of a series of studies of our laboratory,we hypothesize that a subset of pancreatic epithelial cells mimics the phenotype and function of Tregs(named quasi-Tregs or qTregs);this concept has been supported by a peer-reviewed commentary^(2).Moreover,evidence suggests that tumor epithelial cells can mimic other types of immune cells and participate in the formation of a tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment(TIM).展开更多
Metastatic pancreatic cancer(mPC)has a dismal prognosis.Herein,we conducted a prospective,multicentre,single-arm,phase II trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of penpulimab and anlotinib in combination with nab-pa...Metastatic pancreatic cancer(mPC)has a dismal prognosis.Herein,we conducted a prospective,multicentre,single-arm,phase II trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of penpulimab and anlotinib in combination with nab-paclitaxel/gemcitabine(PAAG)in patients with first-line mPC(NCT05493995).The primary endpoints included the objective response rate(ORR)and disease control rate(DCR),while secondary endpoints encompassed progression-free survival(PFS),overall survival(OS),and safety.In 66 patients analysed for efficacy,the best response,indicated by the ORR,was recorded at 50.0%(33/66)(95%CI,37.4–62.6%),with 33 patients achieving partial response(PR).Notably,the DCR was 95.5%(63/66,95%CI,87.3–99.1%).The median PFS(mPFS)and OS(mOS)were 8.8(95%CI,8.1–11.6),and 13.7(95%CI,12.4 to not reached)months,respectively.Grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs)were reported in 39.4%of patients(26/66).In prespecified exploratory analysis,patients with altered SWI/SNF complex had a poorer PFS.Additionally,low serum CA724 level,high T-cell recruitment,low Th17 cell recruitment,and high NK CD56dim cell scores at baseline were potential predicative biomarkers for more favourable efficacy.In conclusion,PAAG as a first-line therapy demonstrated tolerability with promising clinical efficacy for mPC.The biomolecular findings identified in this study possess the potential to guide the precise clinical application of the triple-combo regimen.展开更多
Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the urinary system.Due to the poor prognosis and high mortality rate of the disease,it is urgent to develop new drugs with high efficacy and low toxici...Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the urinary system.Due to the poor prognosis and high mortality rate of the disease,it is urgent to develop new drugs with high efficacy and low toxicity to treat BC.Echinatin (Ecn) is a bioactive natural flavonoid oflicorice that has attracted special attention for its promising anti-tumor potential.Herein,we explored the inhibitory effects of Echinatin on BC cells and probed the possible molecular mechanism.We found that Ecnin vitro inhibited the proliferation,migration,and invasion,arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase,and promoted apoptosis in BC cells.Besides,Ecn had no notable cytotoxicity towards human normal cells.We subsequently confirmed that Ecn restrained xenograft tumor growth and metastasis of BC cells in vivo .Mechanistically,Ecn activated the p38 signaling pathway but inactivated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,while over-expression of β-catenin and the p38 inhibitor both attenuated the inhibitory effects of Ecn on BC cells.Remarkably,Ecn combined with cisplatin (DDP) or gemcitabine (Gem) had synergistic inhibitory effects on BC cells.In summary,our results validate that Ecn inhibits the tumor growth of human BC cells via p38 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.More meaningfully,our results suggest a potential strategy to enhance DDP- or Gem-induced inhibitory effects on BC cells by combining with Ecn.展开更多
Whispering gallery mode(WGM)optical microcavities,which are capable of light field confinement and manipulation in a relatively small volume,have gained considerable attention from fundamentals in enhanced light-matte...Whispering gallery mode(WGM)optical microcavities,which are capable of light field confinement and manipulation in a relatively small volume,have gained considerable attention from fundamentals in enhanced light-matter interactions to laser applications[1].Undergoing decades of development,the improvement of lasing performance is always a significant issue,including low threshold and high quality(Q)factor[2].Increasing optical gain and reducing the losses are the key aspects towards the realization of a high-quality WGM laser.A perfect cavity structure and a smooth surface are the most crucial determinants to reduce optical losses and enhance light field confined abilities.展开更多
Using an identical monolithic InGaN/GaN light emitting diode (LED) array as the sensing module and a well-designed data processing module, we demonstrate a small-size concentration sensing prototype. Overlap between t...Using an identical monolithic InGaN/GaN light emitting diode (LED) array as the sensing module and a well-designed data processing module, we demonstrate a small-size concentration sensing prototype. Overlap between the emission and the response spectra of the InGaN/GaN LED makes each pair of LEDs in the arrayed chip form a sensing channel. The changes in liquid concentration can be transformed into variation of photocurrent. The system's sensing properties are further optimized by varying the position, number of receivers, and packaging reflectors. With methyl orange as a tracer agent, the sensing system's resolution is 0.286 μmol/L with a linear measurement region below 40 μmol/L.展开更多
A thin shell model refers to a surface or structure,where the object’s thickness is considered negligible.In the context of 3D printing,thin shell models are characterized by having lightweight,hollow structures,and ...A thin shell model refers to a surface or structure,where the object’s thickness is considered negligible.In the context of 3D printing,thin shell models are characterized by having lightweight,hollow structures,and reduced material usage.Their versatility and visual appeal make them popular in various fields,such as cloth simulation,character skinning,and for thin-walled structures like leaves,paper,or metal sheets.Nevertheless,optimization of thin shell models without external support remains a challenge due to their minimal interior operational space.For the same reasons,hollowing methods are also unsuitable for this task.In fact,thin shell modulation methods are required to preserve the visual appearance of a two-sided surface which further constrain the problem space.In this paper,we introduce a new visual disparity metric tailored for shell models,integrating local details and global shape attributes in terms of visual perception.Our method modulates thin shell models using global deformations and local thickening while accounting for visual saliency,stability,and structural integrity.Thereby,thin shell models such as bas-reliefs,hollow shapes,and cloth can be stabilized to stand in arbitrary orientations,making them ideal for 3D printing.展开更多
During the harvesting process,rigid materials are prone to causing damage to the cotton stalks,which will increase the risk of stalk breakage.A cotton stalk pulling component that blends stiff and flexible materials w...During the harvesting process,rigid materials are prone to causing damage to the cotton stalks,which will increase the risk of stalk breakage.A cotton stalk pulling component that blends stiff and flexible materials was devised to lower the breaking rate.The cotton stalk pulling component was made up of rollers and flexible belts that pull the stalks using clamping force and the forward speed of the tractor.The influence of various factors in the equipment on the harvesting effect of cotton stalks were analyzed through response surface experiments,and a multiple quadratic regression response surface model with missing pulling rate and breakage rate as response values was established.The significant of influencing factors on the breaking rate of cotton stalks are in a descending order as:the angle of cotton stalk pulling,tractor’s forward speed,and the clamping speed of the cotton stalk component.The working parameters of the wheel-belt type cotton stalk pulling machine have been optimized using the response surface combination experimental method,and the optimal parameter combination was obtained as:tractor forward speed of 4.5 km/h,cotton stalk pulling angle of 60°,and clamping speed of the cotton stalk pulling component of 349 r/min.The results of validation experiments showed that the missing pulling rate of cotton stalks was 5.06%and the breakage rate was 13.12%,indicating a good harvesting effect of the cotton stalks.The model was reasonable and the performance parameters could meet the relevant inspection requirements.The results can provide a reference for further research on the technology of flexible cotton stalk pulling.展开更多
Recently,immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitors(PARPi)have played a pivotal role in prolonging the recurrence-free survival of patients with ovarian cancer(OC).1,2 Although PARPi h...Recently,immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitors(PARPi)have played a pivotal role in prolonging the recurrence-free survival of patients with ovarian cancer(OC).1,2 Although PARPi have revolutionized the treatment of OC,the absence of reliable predictive biomarkers limits the broad application of ICIs for patients with homologous recombination(HR)deficiency(HRD).3 CXC-chemokine ligand 13(CXCL13)is a cytokine constitutively secreted in the stromal cells of the B-cell region of secondary lymphoid tissue.4 It exclusively binds to the chemokine receptor CXCR5,which is abundantly expressed in subsets of mature circulating B lymphocytes,follicular helper T cells,and skin-derived dendritic cells,and governs the migration of these cells into secondary lymphoid organs in response to the CXCL13 gradient.5 In this study,we aimed to elucidate the role of CXCL13 in shaping the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)in HR-deficient OC and to explore its relationship with the cGAS-STING signaling pathway.展开更多
Constructing a one-dimensional(1D)core/shell heterostructure is a rational and efficient way to integrate multiple functional materials into a single device,in which a distinct and reliable interface and suitable ener...Constructing a one-dimensional(1D)core/shell heterostructure is a rational and efficient way to integrate multiple functional materials into a single device,in which a distinct and reliable interface and suitable energy-band alignment play important roles in optoelectronic applications.Here,using a typical magnetron sputtering system,we constructed a 1D ZnO/CdS/CdTe core/shell nanorod arrays radial heterojunction with a well-designed cascade type-II energy band alignment and improved the broadband photodetector(PD)performance.The well-formed shell layers compensated for the defect states on the ZnO surface and extended the photoresponse range from ultraviolet to visible and near-infrared.Moreover,reliable and distinct heterointerfaces with a cascade type-II energy band alignment can guarantee more stable carrier migration and reduce energy loss,promoting effective photogenerated charge carrier separation and resulting in an enhanced photoresponse.The optimised 1D ZnO/CdS/CdTe core/shell heterojunction PD exhibited a fast photoresponse at 0 V bias with high responsivity and detectivity.These results provide an important reference for the rational design and controllable synthesis of multifunctional optoelectronic nanodevices.展开更多
van der Waals heterostructures(vdWHs)based on two-dimensional(2D)materials without the crystal lattice matching constraint have great potential for high-performance optoelectronic devices.Herein,a WS_(2)/InSe vdWH pho...van der Waals heterostructures(vdWHs)based on two-dimensional(2D)materials without the crystal lattice matching constraint have great potential for high-performance optoelectronic devices.Herein,a WS_(2)/InSe vdWH photodiode is proposed and fabricated by precisely stacking InSe and WS_(2)flakes through an all-dry transfer method.The WS_(2)/InSe vdWH forms an n–n heterojunction with strong built-in electric field due to their intrinsic n-type semiconductor characteristics and energy-band alignments with a large Fermi level offset between WS_(2)and InSe.As a result,the device displays excellent photovoltaic behavior with a large open voltage of 0.47 V and a short-circuit current of 11.7 nA under 520 nm light illumination.Significantly,a fast rising/decay time of 63/76μs,a large light on/off ratio of 105,a responsivity of 61 mA/W,a high detectivity of 2.5×10^(11) Jones,and a broadband photoresponse ranging from ultraviolet to near-infrared(325–980 nm)are achieved at zero bias.This study provides a strategy for developing high-performance self-powered broadband photodetectors based on 2D materials.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62172033).
文摘In recent years,the global surge of High-speed Railway(HSR)revolutionized ground transportation,providing secure,comfortable,and punctual services.The next-gen HSR,fueled by emerging services like video surveillance,emergency communication,and real-time scheduling,demands advanced capabilities in real-time perception,automated driving,and digitized services,which accelerate the integration and application of Artificial Intelligence(AI)in the HSR system.This paper first provides a brief overview of AI,covering its origin,evolution,and breakthrough applications.A comprehensive review is then given regarding the most advanced AI technologies and applications in three macro application domains of the HSR system:mechanical manufacturing and electrical control,communication and signal control,and transportation management.The literature is categorized and compared across nine application directions labeled as intelligent manufacturing of trains and key components,forecast of railroad maintenance,optimization of energy consumption in railroads and trains,communication security,communication dependability,channel modeling and estimation,passenger scheduling,traffic flow forecasting,high-speed railway smart platform.Finally,challenges associated with the application of AI are discussed,offering insights for future research directions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82272744)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2022A1515010814)Sun Yat-sen University Clinical Research 5010 Program(Grant No.2022008).
文摘Objective:Glioblastomas are highly vascularized malignant tumors.We determined the efficacy and safety of the anti-angiogenic multi-kinase inhibitor,anlotinib,for a newly diagnosed glioblastoma.Methods:This multicenter,single-arm trial(NCT04119674)enrolled 33 treatment-naïve patients with histologically proven glioblastomas between March 2019 and November 2020.Patients underwent treatment with the standard STUPP regimen[fractionated focal irradiation in daily fractions of 1.8-2 Gy given 5 d/w×6 w(total=54-60 Gy)]or radiotherapy plus continuous daily temozolomide(TMZ)(75 mg/m^(2)of body surface area/d,7 d/w from the first to the last day of radiotherapy),followed by 6 cycles of adjuvant TMZ(150-200 mg/m^(2)×5 d during each 28-d cycle)plus anlotinib(8 mg/d on d 1-14 of each 3-w cycle for 2 cycles during concomitant chemoradiotherapy,8 maximal cycles as adjuvant therapy,followed by maintenance at 8 mg/d.The primary endpoint was progression-free survival(PFS).Secondary endpoints included overall survival(OS)and adverse events(AEs).Results:Thirty-three patients received the planned treatment.The median PFS was 10.9 months(95%CI,9.9-18.7 months)and the 12-month PFS rate was 48.5%.The median OS was 17.4 months(95%CI,14.5-21.1 months)and the 12-month OS rate was 81.8%.The most common AEs included hypertriglyceridemia[58%(n=19)],hypoalbuminemia[46%(n=15)],and hypercholesterolemia[46%(n=15)]during concurrent chemoradiotherapy and leukopenia[73%(n=24)],hypertriglyceridemia[67%(n=22)],and neutropenia[52%(n=17)]during adjuvant therapy.Five patients discontinued treatment due to AEs.HEG1(HR,5.6;95%CI,1.3-23.7;P=0.021)and RP1L1 alterations(HR,11.1;95%CI,2.2-57.2;P=0.004)were associated with a significantly shorter PFS.Conclusions:Anlotinib plus the STUPP regimen has promising anti-tumor activity against glioblastoma and manageable toxicity.HEG1 and RP1L1 alterations might be novel predictive biomarkers of the response to anlotinib.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20210593)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62204127,62404040)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.NS2022096).
文摘Force sensing provides a crucial physical-electrical channel within sensing technology.This study showcases the fabrication and characterization of force sensors by integrating a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)mechanical module and an optical channel formed by two ideal InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes(LEDs)with transmit-receive characteristics.As an emitter,the InGaN/GaN device(5 mm×4 mm)exhibits electroluminescence at 469 nm with an on-voltage of 2.33 V.As a receiver,the response spectrum of InGaN/GaN devices spans from 350 to 480 nm,featuring a peak at 390 nm,rise time of~68.4 ms,and falling edge of~61.0 ms.The PDMS film can transform the force into deformation data and influence the signals in the optical receiver.The drive current,the gap between the emitter and receiver,and distance between the LED and PDMS mechanical module all significantly influence the receiver photocurrent.Distinct from the integrated design,our PDMS-assisted force sensing model uses discrete structures to allow signal intensity optimization.The finite element simulation and experimental results indicate that force of the designed PDMS film exhibits a linear relationship with z-axis displacement and photocurrent from 0 to 0.7 mm.The findings reveal that when the PDMS film height is 1.5 mm and the distance between the emitter and receiver is near,the photocurrent is higher.Meanwhile,Ag film with a thickness of 100 nm considerably enhances the photocurrent response and signal stability in the sensing channel.Finally,a weight measurement demonstration is employed to demonstrate force sensing.The system resolution is 1.23μA/N,and the measurement range is 0 to 0.7 N.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62074077,61921005,61974062,and 61904082)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2020M671441)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(Grant Nos.19KJB510006 and 19KJB510039)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20190765)。
文摘Nonpolar(1120)plane In_(x)Ga_(1-x)N epilayers comprising the entire In content(x)range were successfully grown on nanoscale Ga N islands by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition.The structural and optical properties were studied intensively.It was found that the surface morphology was gradually smoothed when x increased from 0.06 to 0.33,even though the crystalline quality was gradually declined,which was accompanied by the appearance of phase separation in the In_(x)Ga_(1-x)N layer.Photoluminescence wavelengths of 478 and 674 nm for blue and red light were achieved for x varied from 0.06 to 0.33.Furthermore,the corresponding average lifetime(τ_(1/e))of carriers for the nonpolar In Ga N film was decreased from 406 ps to 267 ps,indicating that a high-speed modulation bandwidth can be expected for nonpolar In Ga N-based light-emitting diodes.Moreover,the bowing coefficient(b)of the(1120)plane In Ga N was determined to be 1.91 e V for the bandgap energy as a function of x.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31471889)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFD0101703)+1 种基金the Central Publicinterest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(No.Y2017PT52)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.CAAS-ASTIP-IVFCAAS).
文摘The tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)male sterile 32(ms32)mutant has been used in hybrid seed breeding programs largely because it produces no pollen and has exserted stigmas.In this study,histological examination of anthers revealed dysfunctional pollen and tapetum development in the ms32 mutant.The ms32 locus was fine mapped to a 28.5 kb interval that encoded four putative genes.Solyc01g081100,a homolog of Arabidopsis bHLH10/89/90 and rice EAT1,was proposed to be the candidate gene of MS32 because it contained a single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)that led to the formation of a premature stop codon.A codominant derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence(dCAPS)marker,MS32D,was developed based on the SNP.Real-time quantitative reverse-transcription PCR showed that most of the genes,which were proposed to be involved in pollen and tapetum development in tomato,were downregulated in the ms32 mutant.These findings may aid in marker-assisted selection of ms32 in hybrid breeding programs and facilitate studies on the regulatory mechanisms of pollen and tapetum development in tomato.
基金supported by the Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project of Henan Province(2020BSH015).
文摘This study investigates mental health literacy among young and middle-aged urban and rural residents and the differences in mental health literacy,perceived social support and subjective well-being.From January to February 2022,620 participants(320 rural and 300 urban residents)from three provinces of China were selected by con-venience sampling.A general data questionnaire,mental health literacy scale,perceived social support scale and subjective well-being scale were administered.The mental health literacy scores of urban residents were 3.34±0.57 and those of rural residents were 2.73±0.79.The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the mental health literacy scores of rural residents were more significant than those of urban residents in terms of sex and age,while urban residents’mental health literacy scores were more significant than those of rural resi-dents in terms of monthly income.Mental health literacy,perceived social support and subjective well-being of young and middle-aged urban and rural residents were all positively correlated(P<0.01).While the level of mental health literacy is better among urban residents than rural residents,perceived social support plays a partial mediating role between mental health literacy and subjective well-being of both urban and rural residents,and should be the focus of researchers seeking to improve the level of well-being of residents.
基金This research was supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFD1000301)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Nonprofit Scientific Institution(Grant No.IVF-BRF2018006)+1 种基金the Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops,Ministry of Agriculture,Chinathe Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.CAAS-ASTIP-IVFCAAS).
文摘Leaf veins play an important role in plant growth and development,and the bundle sheath(BS)is believed to greatly improve the photosynthetic efficiency of C_(4) plants.The OBV mutation in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)results in dark veins and has been used widely in processing tomato varieties.However,physiological performance has difficulty explaining fitness in production.In this study,we confirmed that this mutation was caused by both the increased chlorophyll content and the absence of bundle sheath extension(BSE)in the veins.Using genome-wide association analysis and map-based cloning,we revealed that OBV encoded a C_(2)H_(2) L domain class transcription factor.It was localized in the nucleus and presented cell type-specific gene expression in the leaf veins.Furthermore,we verified the gene function by generating CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and overexpression mutants of the tomato gene.RNA sequencing analysis revealed that OBV was involved in regulating chloroplast development and photosynthesis,which greatly supported the change in chlorophyll content by mutation.Taken together,these findings demonstrated that OBV affected the growth and development of tomato by regulating chloroplast development in leaf veins.This study also provides a solid foundation to further decipher the mechanism of BSEs and to understand the evolution of photosynthesis in land plants.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81772633)the Taishan Researchers Program of Shandong Province,and the Major State Basic Research Development Program of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province in China(Grant No.ZR2020ZD11).
文摘Recently,we have shown that FOXP3,a critical transcription factor in regulatory T cells(Tregs),is expressed in pancreatic epithelial cells,and restrain the activity of CD8+T cells by upregulating PD-L1,which in turn regulates immune escape in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)^(1).On the basis of a series of studies of our laboratory,we hypothesize that a subset of pancreatic epithelial cells mimics the phenotype and function of Tregs(named quasi-Tregs or qTregs);this concept has been supported by a peer-reviewed commentary^(2).Moreover,evidence suggests that tumor epithelial cells can mimic other types of immune cells and participate in the formation of a tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment(TIM).
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0713804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82272811)+2 种基金Jiangsu Province Key Research and Development Program(BE2023654)Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Key Research and Development Program,Special Fund of Health Science and Technology Development of Nanjing(YKK20080)Fundings for Clinical Trials from the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital,Medical School of Nanjing University(2023-LCYJ-PY-29).
文摘Metastatic pancreatic cancer(mPC)has a dismal prognosis.Herein,we conducted a prospective,multicentre,single-arm,phase II trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of penpulimab and anlotinib in combination with nab-paclitaxel/gemcitabine(PAAG)in patients with first-line mPC(NCT05493995).The primary endpoints included the objective response rate(ORR)and disease control rate(DCR),while secondary endpoints encompassed progression-free survival(PFS),overall survival(OS),and safety.In 66 patients analysed for efficacy,the best response,indicated by the ORR,was recorded at 50.0%(33/66)(95%CI,37.4–62.6%),with 33 patients achieving partial response(PR).Notably,the DCR was 95.5%(63/66,95%CI,87.3–99.1%).The median PFS(mPFS)and OS(mOS)were 8.8(95%CI,8.1–11.6),and 13.7(95%CI,12.4 to not reached)months,respectively.Grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs)were reported in 39.4%of patients(26/66).In prespecified exploratory analysis,patients with altered SWI/SNF complex had a poorer PFS.Additionally,low serum CA724 level,high T-cell recruitment,low Th17 cell recruitment,and high NK CD56dim cell scores at baseline were potential predicative biomarkers for more favourable efficacy.In conclusion,PAAG as a first-line therapy demonstrated tolerability with promising clinical efficacy for mPC.The biomolecular findings identified in this study possess the potential to guide the precise clinical application of the triple-combo regimen.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81874001)the Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine of Chongqing Medical University(China)(No.W0086).
文摘Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the urinary system.Due to the poor prognosis and high mortality rate of the disease,it is urgent to develop new drugs with high efficacy and low toxicity to treat BC.Echinatin (Ecn) is a bioactive natural flavonoid oflicorice that has attracted special attention for its promising anti-tumor potential.Herein,we explored the inhibitory effects of Echinatin on BC cells and probed the possible molecular mechanism.We found that Ecnin vitro inhibited the proliferation,migration,and invasion,arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase,and promoted apoptosis in BC cells.Besides,Ecn had no notable cytotoxicity towards human normal cells.We subsequently confirmed that Ecn restrained xenograft tumor growth and metastasis of BC cells in vivo .Mechanistically,Ecn activated the p38 signaling pathway but inactivated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,while over-expression of β-catenin and the p38 inhibitor both attenuated the inhibitory effects of Ecn on BC cells.Remarkably,Ecn combined with cisplatin (DDP) or gemcitabine (Gem) had synergistic inhibitory effects on BC cells.In summary,our results validate that Ecn inhibits the tumor growth of human BC cells via p38 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.More meaningfully,our results suggest a potential strategy to enhance DDP- or Gem-induced inhibitory effects on BC cells by combining with Ecn.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62075041,62375049 and 62335003)the Excellent Postdoctoral Program of Jiangsu Province(2023ZB077)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20210593)the Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province(BK20222007).
文摘Whispering gallery mode(WGM)optical microcavities,which are capable of light field confinement and manipulation in a relatively small volume,have gained considerable attention from fundamentals in enhanced light-matter interactions to laser applications[1].Undergoing decades of development,the improvement of lasing performance is always a significant issue,including low threshold and high quality(Q)factor[2].Increasing optical gain and reducing the losses are the key aspects towards the realization of a high-quality WGM laser.A perfect cavity structure and a smooth surface are the most crucial determinants to reduce optical losses and enhance light field confined abilities.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Nos.BK20210593 and BK20231441)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.62204127)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.NS2022096)。
文摘Using an identical monolithic InGaN/GaN light emitting diode (LED) array as the sensing module and a well-designed data processing module, we demonstrate a small-size concentration sensing prototype. Overlap between the emission and the response spectra of the InGaN/GaN LED makes each pair of LEDs in the arrayed chip form a sensing channel. The changes in liquid concentration can be transformed into variation of photocurrent. The system's sensing properties are further optimized by varying the position, number of receivers, and packaging reflectors. With methyl orange as a tracer agent, the sensing system's resolution is 0.286 μmol/L with a linear measurement region below 40 μmol/L.
基金supported by Grant No.61972232 from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)by Grant No.2020ZLYS01 of the Key Research and Development Plan of Shandong Province of China.
文摘A thin shell model refers to a surface or structure,where the object’s thickness is considered negligible.In the context of 3D printing,thin shell models are characterized by having lightweight,hollow structures,and reduced material usage.Their versatility and visual appeal make them popular in various fields,such as cloth simulation,character skinning,and for thin-walled structures like leaves,paper,or metal sheets.Nevertheless,optimization of thin shell models without external support remains a challenge due to their minimal interior operational space.For the same reasons,hollowing methods are also unsuitable for this task.In fact,thin shell modulation methods are required to preserve the visual appearance of a two-sided surface which further constrain the problem space.In this paper,we introduce a new visual disparity metric tailored for shell models,integrating local details and global shape attributes in terms of visual perception.Our method modulates thin shell models using global deformations and local thickening while accounting for visual saliency,stability,and structural integrity.Thereby,thin shell models such as bas-reliefs,hollow shapes,and cloth can be stabilized to stand in arbitrary orientations,making them ideal for 3D printing.
基金financially supported by the National Nature Foundation Project(Grant No.52365038)the National Nature Foundation Project(Grant No.51865058)+3 种基金the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Agricultural Science and Technology Extension and Service Project(Grant No.NTFW-2022-17)the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Key R&D Project(Grant No.2022B02022-2)the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Key R&D Project(Grant No.2022B02023-3)the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Youth Science Fund(Grant No.2022D01B91).
文摘During the harvesting process,rigid materials are prone to causing damage to the cotton stalks,which will increase the risk of stalk breakage.A cotton stalk pulling component that blends stiff and flexible materials was devised to lower the breaking rate.The cotton stalk pulling component was made up of rollers and flexible belts that pull the stalks using clamping force and the forward speed of the tractor.The influence of various factors in the equipment on the harvesting effect of cotton stalks were analyzed through response surface experiments,and a multiple quadratic regression response surface model with missing pulling rate and breakage rate as response values was established.The significant of influencing factors on the breaking rate of cotton stalks are in a descending order as:the angle of cotton stalk pulling,tractor’s forward speed,and the clamping speed of the cotton stalk component.The working parameters of the wheel-belt type cotton stalk pulling machine have been optimized using the response surface combination experimental method,and the optimal parameter combination was obtained as:tractor forward speed of 4.5 km/h,cotton stalk pulling angle of 60°,and clamping speed of the cotton stalk pulling component of 349 r/min.The results of validation experiments showed that the missing pulling rate of cotton stalks was 5.06%and the breakage rate was 13.12%,indicating a good harvesting effect of the cotton stalks.The model was reasonable and the performance parameters could meet the relevant inspection requirements.The results can provide a reference for further research on the technology of flexible cotton stalk pulling.
基金the Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation(China)(No.Y-zai2022/ms-0126).
文摘Recently,immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitors(PARPi)have played a pivotal role in prolonging the recurrence-free survival of patients with ovarian cancer(OC).1,2 Although PARPi have revolutionized the treatment of OC,the absence of reliable predictive biomarkers limits the broad application of ICIs for patients with homologous recombination(HR)deficiency(HRD).3 CXC-chemokine ligand 13(CXCL13)is a cytokine constitutively secreted in the stromal cells of the B-cell region of secondary lymphoid tissue.4 It exclusively binds to the chemokine receptor CXCR5,which is abundantly expressed in subsets of mature circulating B lymphocytes,follicular helper T cells,and skin-derived dendritic cells,and governs the migration of these cells into secondary lymphoid organs in response to the CXCL13 gradient.5 In this study,we aimed to elucidate the role of CXCL13 in shaping the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)in HR-deficient OC and to explore its relationship with the cGAS-STING signaling pathway.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China NSFC(62075041,62375049,62335003)the Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province(BK20222007)。
文摘Constructing a one-dimensional(1D)core/shell heterostructure is a rational and efficient way to integrate multiple functional materials into a single device,in which a distinct and reliable interface and suitable energy-band alignment play important roles in optoelectronic applications.Here,using a typical magnetron sputtering system,we constructed a 1D ZnO/CdS/CdTe core/shell nanorod arrays radial heterojunction with a well-designed cascade type-II energy band alignment and improved the broadband photodetector(PD)performance.The well-formed shell layers compensated for the defect states on the ZnO surface and extended the photoresponse range from ultraviolet to visible and near-infrared.Moreover,reliable and distinct heterointerfaces with a cascade type-II energy band alignment can guarantee more stable carrier migration and reduce energy loss,promoting effective photogenerated charge carrier separation and resulting in an enhanced photoresponse.The optimised 1D ZnO/CdS/CdTe core/shell heterojunction PD exhibited a fast photoresponse at 0 V bias with high responsivity and detectivity.These results provide an important reference for the rational design and controllable synthesis of multifunctional optoelectronic nanodevices.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11734005,61821002,62075041,12004069,and 62204157)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2018YFA0209101 and 2017YFA0700500)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2242021k10009).
文摘van der Waals heterostructures(vdWHs)based on two-dimensional(2D)materials without the crystal lattice matching constraint have great potential for high-performance optoelectronic devices.Herein,a WS_(2)/InSe vdWH photodiode is proposed and fabricated by precisely stacking InSe and WS_(2)flakes through an all-dry transfer method.The WS_(2)/InSe vdWH forms an n–n heterojunction with strong built-in electric field due to their intrinsic n-type semiconductor characteristics and energy-band alignments with a large Fermi level offset between WS_(2)and InSe.As a result,the device displays excellent photovoltaic behavior with a large open voltage of 0.47 V and a short-circuit current of 11.7 nA under 520 nm light illumination.Significantly,a fast rising/decay time of 63/76μs,a large light on/off ratio of 105,a responsivity of 61 mA/W,a high detectivity of 2.5×10^(11) Jones,and a broadband photoresponse ranging from ultraviolet to near-infrared(325–980 nm)are achieved at zero bias.This study provides a strategy for developing high-performance self-powered broadband photodetectors based on 2D materials.
